388:) is a small fish with an average length between 13 β 40 cm, and a maximum recorded size of 50 cm. It is greyish blue on its back, having a silver color on its underside, with a black blotch over the gills. The dorsal and pectoral fins are a dusky color whereas the pelvic and anal fins are pale. One of the main distinguishing features of the Japanese Jack Mackerel is its bright yellow caudal fin which stands out compared to the rest of the species' coloration. Its scales are common among other species in its family, being dense in a horizontal and coarse in a vertical direction with a bend in the midpoint of the scale to follow the curvature of the animal. Scales on anterior half of the species have this curve, while those on the posterior half are straight, with any scales in between these two sections being pointed. The spine of the species consists of 14 vertebrae connected to the dorsal fin, with another 10 vertebrae on the underside of the animal all with fine ridges lining them, common with other species in the family Trachurus. The dorsal fin is split into two sections, the front set consisting of eight bony spines, and the rear set having one bony spine and another 25 β 27 soft rays, depending on the size of the individual. All these fins are controlled by 3 muscles and many ligaments. The caudal fin on the side of jack mackerel is a much more complex structure of about 12 cm with a series of 6 bones, more than 20 soft rays projecting outwards and 6 muscles controlling its movement. The anal fin is made up of a collection of 3 spines with 26 β 30 soft rays coming from them. The jaw of the Japanese Jack Mackerel has a projected lower section and is lined with 4 separate segments of small conical teeth with medially bent tips which become larger moving towards the back of the jaw.
445:
Japan coastal waters can take up to 2 months to reach the
Eastern China Sea. The southern and central areas of the Eastern China Sea are the main areas in which juvenile Japanese Jack Mackerel are found due to the warmer waters. This higher temperature allows for a higher survival rate for the growing fish, with 80 β 95.8% of all Japanese Jack Mackerel found in the southern Eastern China Sea being juveniles. Due to the juveniles requiring a temperature above 19 Β°C to be able to develop and survive, vertical distribution is also very important and varies across the ages of the species. Juveniles under the age of 1 year old are not found anywhere below 50 m deep and thrive in the 20 β 50 m depth range due to the higher temperatures. Once mature, Japanese Jack Mackerels can be found at depths reaching up to 275 m.
397:
608:
467:, therefore float freely through the open sea and continue to do so as larvae. Once hatched, the larvae are 2.3 β 2.5mm in length and continue to carry the yolk sack beyond the anterior margin of the head. This continues until the 4th day after hatching where the yolk sack is completely absorbed. Development continues for 29 days before reaching the juvenile stage where the dorsal, pelvic, and anal rays and fins are developed, and the body is elongated to around 10 β 13 cm. Throughout the juvenile stages,
1712:
1726:
640:
1719:
86:
428:. These locations vary depending on the temperature of the water primarily, and thus vary with the seasons, with a higher density of Japanese Jack Mackerel in the southern and central china seas in the colder months. The ideal condition for the species ranges between 15 β 26 Β°C, with an ideal temperature of around 21 Β°C. With the temperature varying between the northern and southern areas of the East China Sea by around 3 β 5 Β°C,
579:
61:
547:
623:
mackerel began to try and compensate for this loss of yield. This decrease in capture production led to a catching limit being applied in 1997, which stabilized the capture rate to around 210,000 β 330,00 tons/year. Special conservation efforts have been put in place in key spawning grounds of the jack mackerel including the
42:
681:
meaning "tail". The
Japanese Jack Mackerel has been found to be more genetically similar to those under the family Scombridae, a family of mackerels, tuna, swordfish and dolphinfish. Despite this, Trachurus Japonicus remains in the family Carangidae due to strong morphological differences between the
622:
In the 1960s peak yields of
Japanese jack mackerel were caught of around 550,000 tons/year, but before the 1970s this number decreased to around 200,000 tons/year which was an indicator of overfishing. In the early 1980s, less than 100,000 tons/year were caught, and the aquaculture production of jack
487:
and flotsam throughout its developmental phases. Throughout maturity, it feeds on a much wider variety of species, although it mostly feeds on copepods, which are small crustaceans normally 1 β 2 mm in size. Additionally, the
Japanese Jack Mackerel feeds on small shrimp or other small fish. The
672:
The
Japanese jack mackerel belongs to the family Carangidae which is a family of ray-finned fish such as jacks, pompanos, runners, and scads. All species in this family have 2 or more dorsal fins with 15 β 31 rays coming from each of the caudal, anal, and dorsal fins. The Genus Trachurus is a group
569:
and exploitation of wild populations of
Japanese Jack Mackerel and their major role in ocean ecosystems, annual catching limits have been applied since 1997. This limitation has seen a drastic decrease in Jack Mackerel yields from up to 550,000 tons/year down to between 210,000 β 330,000 tons/year.
659:
Scad are very popular seawater game fish highly prized especially by fishermen, because they generally put up a good fight when caught with a hook and line. As Scad are predatory fish, lure fishing (which use replica baits called lures to imitate live prey) is the predominant form of sport fishing
444:
and southern Japan. The only other intensive spawning ground is the coastal waters of Taiwan, which also uses the
Kuroshio current to move into the Eastern China and Japan seas. The transport of the juveniles from this spawning ground can take up to 40 days, whereas those spawned in and around the
458:
The life cycle of the
Japanese jack mackerel starts in the late winter and tend to spawn around late April to early July, as water temperatures begin to rise allowing larvae and juveniles to thrive. as an egg 0.87 β 0.9mm in diameter with a light brown oil globule 0.17 β 0.22mm in diameter which
650:
Although not a strong cultural icon, the
Japanese jack mackerel is used in a large portion of both Japanese and Korean dishes and are an important global export for Japanese fisheries. Additionally, due to the spawning grounds being tied to the Japanese coastal waters, efforts have been made by
284:, trevallies and scads. Their maximum reported length is 50 cm (20 in) with a common length of 35 cm (14 in). They have a maximum reported weight of 0.66 kg (1.5 lb) and a maximum reported age of 12 years. They are found around the coast of Japan, except
512:
As larvae and juveniles, the main threat posed to
Japanese jack mackerel are the larger fish which feed on the vulnerable developing fish, as it lacks the mobility of a mature individual. As a mature adult, the Jack Mackerel is hunted by other pelagic species such as
591:
Japanese jack mackerel are used in a few ways once caught and are generally canned for use in various dishes or turned into fish meal. Some traditional Japanese dishes use jack mackerel as a key ingredient; it is commonly prepared as a form of
574:
productions. Aquaculture of the Japanese Jack Mackerel, similarly, capture production has dropped drastically over the year, with now less than 1000 tons/year being produced, compared to the 7000 tons produced in the early 1990s.
663:
It is recommended that when fishing for Scad, that the fisher(s) should use line in the 1β5 lb test for Scad. It is also recommended to use a hook size 8-5 for Scad of all kind. Scad, tend to like ragworms, minnows, or cut bait.
504:. The jellyfish are not a part of the jack mackerel's diet, but they rather use the jellyfish as a method for food collection and a way to hide from predators when not a part of a larger school.
631:
among the southern islands of Japan. This was put in place in 2013 and was a direct response to lowered catch yields and higher volumes of juveniles being captured between 2004 and 2013.
420:
regions between the coordinates of 46Β°N β 13Β°N and 105Β°E β 148Β°E. Although these are the main population grounds of the Japanese Jack Mackerel, they are also found in southern Japan, the
660:
involving Scad, although traditional bait fishing techniques using floats and/or sinkers (particularly with moving live baits such as baitfish, krill or shrimp) are also successful.
533:
pose a great threat to both mature and juvenile Japanese Jack mackerel, as juveniles stay closer to the surface and adults venture to shallow waters to occasionally feed.
1477:"The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the cutlassfish Trichiurus japonicus (Perciformes: Trichiuridae): Genome characterization and phylogenetic considerations"
987:"Distribution of jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) larvae and juveniles in the East China Sea, with special reference to the larval transport by the Kuroshio Current"
440:
to migrate into the Japan or East China seas. The primary spawning grounds are along the warm coastal waters of Japan, with a large portion being around the region of
2253:
2384:
2359:
2292:
604:ε‘©ηΌγγγ), or used raw in sushi or as sashimi. In Korean cuisine, the jack mackerel is similarly used deep fried or grilled, and occasionally used in soups.
2227:
475:
on the pectoral and caudal fins until reaching full maturity at around 60 days after hatching and reaching an average length of around 35 cm.
2389:
2266:
799:
396:
2305:
1558:
2379:
1604:
1159:
Kanaji, Yu; Watanabe, Yoshiro; Kawamura, Tomohiko; Xie, Songguang; Yamashita, Yoh; Sassa, Chiyuki; Tsukamoto, Youichi (January 2009).
1115:"Seasonal differences in the vertical distribution pattern of Japanese jack mackerel, Trachurus japonicus: changes according to age?"
1395:"Ontogenetic and inter-annual variation in the diet of Japanese jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) juveniles in the East China Sea"
767:
2331:
570:
Most of the fish used commercially and for food globally is caught in the wild, with only a small percentage being bred through
2364:
1718:
1870:
1725:
1337:"Annual reproductive cycle and spawning ground formation in Japanese jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus in the Uwa Sea, Japan"
2271:
791:
1900:
1711:
1973:
1820:
432:
between these regions is a highly beneficial strategy for the species, especially during maturation . There are many
1885:
1865:
1840:
85:
2297:
288:, usually on sandy bottoms of 50β275 m (164β902 ft) deep. They feed mainly on small crustaceans such as
1983:
1895:
1845:
1825:
1815:
297:
1043:"Transport and survival processes of eggs and larvae of jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus in the East China Sea"
2099:
2031:
1963:
607:
1213:"Development of observational learning during school formation in jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus juveniles"
2192:
935:"Confirmation of spawning groups of Japanese jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus in the low stock level period"
2374:
1938:
197:
2369:
2154:
1890:
1652:
1597:
1273:"Jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus juveniles use jellyfish for predator avoidance and as a prey collector"
1161:"Multiple cohorts of juvenile jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus in waters along the Tsushima Warm Current"
489:
472:
2069:
2041:
1978:
1958:
1953:
1785:
180:
722:
2336:
2046:
2026:
1488:
1284:
1172:
1054:
998:
459:
constitutes the yolk of the egg. The location for spawning is dictated by several factors including
1948:
429:
365:
239:
50:
2127:
1943:
1422:
1364:
1308:
1248:
1078:
900:
210:
80:
2258:
2318:
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2201:
1647:
1590:
1564:
1554:
1512:
1504:
1414:
1356:
1300:
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1232:
1188:
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1070:
1014:
956:
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639:
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1835:
1734:
1546:
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1180:
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946:
884:
717:
624:
437:
274:
201:
2323:
1449:
578:
1880:
1860:
1850:
1697:
1692:
65:
698:
Carpenter, K.E.; Jiddawi, N.; Borsa, P.; Smith-Vaniz, W.F.; Yahya, S.; Obota, C. (2018).
1492:
1288:
1176:
1058:
1002:
699:
2036:
1875:
1790:
1771:
1687:
409:
357:
349:
308:
285:
127:
1550:
1393:
Sassa, Chiyuki; Kitajima, Satoshi; Nishiuchi, Kou; Takahashi, Motomitsu (2018-04-26).
1272:
1042:
986:
2353:
2279:
2074:
2056:
1855:
1801:
1746:
1662:
1657:
1296:
1066:
1041:
KASAI, Akihide; KOMATSU, Kousei; SASSA, Chiyuki; KONISHI, Yoshinobu (February 2008).
1010:
763:
708:
628:
562:
460:
373:
137:
70:
1426:
1368:
1312:
1252:
1082:
2206:
1993:
1988:
1673:
1534:
1160:
904:
464:
463:
productivity and migrating ability, but primarily temperature. The eggs are
433:
413:
17:
1476:
1212:
1184:
1500:
1228:
2240:
2186:
1998:
1830:
571:
566:
342:
2177:
1394:
1336:
873:"Age and maturation of jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus in the East China Sea"
872:
2117:
2112:
2013:
2003:
1533:
Notarbartolo di Sciara, Giuseppe; PodestΓ , Michela; Curry, Barbara E. (2016),
1410:
1352:
888:
484:
301:
277:
147:
1508:
1418:
1360:
1304:
1236:
1192:
1140:
1131:
1114:
1074:
1018:
960:
896:
822:
1925:
1621:
871:
Yoda, Mari; Shiraishi, Tetsuro; Yukami, Ryuji; Ohshimo, Seiji (2013-12-15).
501:
497:
157:
97:
1568:
1516:
1244:
951:
934:
546:
2214:
2171:
2132:
1914:
1613:
776:
558:
518:
330:
270:
117:
2232:
2137:
1633:
551:
530:
526:
483:
As a juvenile, the Japanese jack mackerel mainly feeds on zooplankton,
424:
and in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of southeast Asia, primarily in
417:
372:(κ°μ¬κΈ°κ΅), the name of which is derived from the name for the fish in the
289:
281:
2245:
2219:
338:
441:
425:
293:
107:
2148:
1335:
Hashida, Daisuke; Matsumoto, Naoki; Tomiyama, Takeshi (2018-12-18).
673:
of Jack Mackerels and Saurels which are derived from the Greek word
1760:
1399:
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom
644:
638:
606:
593:
584:
577:
545:
522:
468:
421:
395:
334:
2310:
1271:
MASUDA, Reiji; YAMASHITA, Yoh; MATSUYAMA, Michiya (April 2008).
557:
The Japanese jack mackerel is a fish predominantly caught using
514:
493:
41:
2152:
1586:
985:
SASSA, CHIYUKI; KONISHI, YOSHINOBU; MORI, KEN (November 2006).
1211:
Takahashi, Kohji; Masuda, Reiji; Yamashita, Yoh (March 2014).
612:
Capture of Japanese horse mackerel in tonnes from 1950 to 2009
360:
designated by this name. It is commonly grilled or fried as a
436:
for the Japanese Jack Mackerel, all of which make use of the
408:
The Japanese jack mackerel generally lives in and around the
1582:
300:
around New Zealand and Australia, apart from having more
341:) does exist, it is not in common use. It is commonly
1450:"FAMILY Details for Carangidae β Jacks and pompanos"
2161:
2087:
2055:
2012:
1924:
1913:
1799:
1769:
1744:
1733:
1671:
1631:
1620:
933:Suda, Yusuke; Shimizu, Makoto; Nose, Yukio (1987).
317:(γγ), and by default generally implies the species
651:Japanese fisheries to prevent their exploitation.
582:In Japan, horse mackerel is often deep-fried with
828:FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
723:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T20437783A67871570.en
1113:Nakamura, Takeshi; Hamano, Akira (2009-05-22).
321:(which can be more specifically referred to as
269:, is a species named after its resemblance to
1598:
8:
492:but in the case of individuals residing in
2149:
1921:
1741:
1628:
1605:
1591:
1583:
758:
756:
754:
752:
750:
748:
746:
744:
742:
740:
329:"). The name is most commonly written in
59:
40:
31:
1130:
950:
721:
496:, they have been documented accompanying
296:and small fish. They are similar to the
2128:Butterfly kingfish (butterfly mackerel)
800:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
690:
1528:
1526:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
565:, traps, and on line gear. Due to the
404:) in commercial packaging for purchase
2385:Taxa named by Coenraad Jacob Temminck
2360:IUCN Red List near threatened species
1475:Liu, Yuan; Cui, Zhaoxia (June 2009).
1388:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1154:
1152:
1150:
866:
864:
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
818:
816:
217:
7:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
980:
978:
976:
974:
972:
970:
928:
926:
924:
922:
920:
918:
916:
914:
852:
850:
848:
846:
844:
842:
840:
838:
836:
834:
471:and scales fully develop as well as
709:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
438:Kuroshio and Warm Tsushima Currents
364:(μ κ°±μ΄ κ΅¬μ΄). Among the specialties of
25:
231:(Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)
1724:
1717:
1710:
1297:10.1111/j.1444-2906.2008.01522.x
1067:10.1111/j.1444-2906.2007.01491.x
1011:10.1111/j.1365-2419.2006.00417.x
488:species normally hunts in large
84:
826:(Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)
223:Temminck & Schlegel, 1844
2390:Taxa named by Hermann Schlegel
1871:Narrow-barred Spanish mackerel
1119:ICES Journal of Marine Science
796:(Temminck and Schlegel, 1844)"
1:
1901:West African Spanish mackerel
1551:10.1016/s0065-2881(16)30044-x
1185:10.1016/j.fishres.2008.08.004
1974:Mediterranean horse mackerel
1501:10.1016/j.margen.2009.07.003
1229:10.1016/j.beproc.2013.10.012
384:The Japanese jack mackerel (
1821:Australian spotted mackerel
2406:
1886:Queensland school mackerel
1866:Monterrey Spanish mackerel
1841:Indo-Pacific king mackerel
1539:Advances in Marine Biology
307:The Japanese name for the
220:Caranx trachurus japonicus
2380:Marine fauna of East Asia
2108:
1984:Yellowtail horse mackerel
1896:Streaked Spanish mackerel
1846:Japanese Spanish mackerel
1826:Broadbarred king mackerel
1816:Atlantic Spanish mackerel
1708:
1411:10.1017/s0025315418000206
1353:10.1007/s12562-018-1276-4
889:10.1007/s12562-013-0687-5
356:(μ κ°±μ΄) and is the default
298:yellowtail horse mackerel
216:
209:
186:
179:
81:Scientific classification
79:
57:
48:
39:
34:
2100:Scombroid food poisoning
2032:Blacksail snake mackerel
1964:Greenback horse mackerel
766:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
716:: e.T20437783A67871570.
400:Japanese jack mackerel (
392:Distribution and habitat
2138:Bonitos (tribe Sardini)
1939:Atlantic horse mackerel
939:Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi
550:Japanese jack mackerel
325:(γΎγγ), literally "true
263:Japanese horse mackerel
35:Japanese jack mackerel
2365:Fish described in 1844
2133:Tunas (tribe Thunnini)
1969:Japanese jack mackerel
1891:Serra Spanish mackerel
1737:(tribe Scomberomorini)
1653:Atlantic chub mackerel
1545:, Elsevier: xxixβxxx,
1132:10.1093/icesjms/fsp114
991:Fisheries Oceanography
952:10.2331/suisan.53.1789
780:. August 2019 version.
647:
614:
600:γγγγ©γ€), salt-grilled (
588:
554:
529:. Additionally,
405:
253:Japanese jack mackerel
2070:Okhotsk atka mackerel
2042:Violet snake mackerel
1979:Pacific jack mackerel
1959:Cunene horse mackerel
1954:Chilean jack mackerel
1786:Double-lined mackerel
1217:Behavioural Processes
642:
610:
581:
549:
500:for both feeding and
399:
352:, the fish is dubbed
261:), also known as the
2118:Subfamily Scombrinae
2047:White snake mackerel
2027:Black snake mackerel
677:meaning "rough" and
273:but which is in the
228:Trachurops japonicus
2193:Trachurus japonicus
2163:Trachurus japonicus
1949:Cape horse mackerel
1493:2009MarGn...2..133L
1289:2008FisSc..74..276M
1177:2009FishR..95..139K
1059:2008FisSc..74....8K
1003:2006FisOc..15..508S
824:Trachurus japonicus
794:Trachurus japonicus
770:Trachurus japonicus
702:Trachurus japonicus
502:protective purposes
449:Biology and ecology
386:Trachurus japonicus
319:Trachurus japonicus
258:Trachurus japonicus
236:Trachurus argenteus
190:Trachurus japonicus
51:Conservation status
18:Trachurus japonicus
1944:Blue jack mackerel
1165:Fisheries Research
648:
615:
589:
555:
537:Human interactions
406:
2347:
2346:
2319:Open Tree of Life
2155:Taxon identifiers
2146:
2145:
2113:Family Scombridae
2083:
2082:
1909:
1908:
1735:Spanish mackerels
1706:
1705:
1648:Atlantic mackerel
1624:(tribe Scombrini)
1560:978-0-12-805152-8
1341:Fisheries Science
1277:Fisheries Science
1047:Fisheries Science
945:(10): 1789β1796.
877:Fisheries Science
345:or salt-grilled.
304:and larger eyes.
249:
248:
243:
232:
224:
172:T. japonicus
74:
16:(Redirected from
2397:
2340:
2339:
2327:
2326:
2314:
2313:
2301:
2300:
2288:
2287:
2275:
2274:
2262:
2261:
2249:
2248:
2236:
2235:
2223:
2222:
2210:
2209:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2150:
2095:Mackerel as food
2063:
2062:
2020:
2019:
1932:
1931:
1922:
1836:Chinese mackerel
1809:
1808:
1779:
1778:
1754:
1753:
1742:
1728:
1721:
1714:
1681:
1680:
1641:
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1607:
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1593:
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1530:
1521:
1520:
1472:
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1465:
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1461:
1446:
1431:
1430:
1390:
1373:
1372:
1332:
1317:
1316:
1268:
1257:
1256:
1208:
1197:
1196:
1171:(2β3): 139β145.
1156:
1145:
1144:
1134:
1125:(6): 1289β1295.
1110:
1087:
1086:
1038:
1023:
1022:
982:
965:
964:
954:
930:
909:
908:
868:
829:
820:
811:
810:
808:
806:
788:
782:
781:
760:
735:
734:
732:
730:
725:
695:
434:spawning grounds
422:Korean peninsula
362:jeon-gaeng-i gui
238:
230:
222:
192:
89:
88:
68:
63:
62:
44:
32:
21:
2405:
2404:
2400:
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2218:
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2205:
2200:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2157:
2147:
2142:
2124:Other Scombrids
2104:
2079:
2060:
2059:
2051:
2017:
2016:
2014:Snake mackerels
2008:
1929:
1928:
1916:
1905:
1881:Papuan seerfish
1861:Korean mackerel
1851:Kanadi kingfish
1806:
1805:
1795:
1776:
1775:
1765:
1751:
1750:
1736:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1702:
1698:Island mackerel
1693:Indian mackerel
1678:
1677:
1667:
1638:
1637:
1623:
1616:
1611:
1581:
1573:
1571:
1561:
1532:
1531:
1524:
1481:Marine Genomics
1474:
1473:
1469:
1459:
1457:
1448:
1447:
1434:
1392:
1391:
1376:
1334:
1333:
1320:
1270:
1269:
1260:
1210:
1209:
1200:
1158:
1157:
1148:
1112:
1111:
1090:
1040:
1039:
1026:
984:
983:
968:
932:
931:
912:
870:
869:
832:
821:
814:
804:
802:
790:
789:
785:
762:
761:
738:
728:
726:
697:
696:
692:
688:
670:
657:
637:
620:
613:
544:
539:
510:
481:
456:
451:
394:
382:
205:
194:
188:
175:
83:
75:
66:Near Threatened
64:
60:
53:
28:
27:Species of fish
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2403:
2401:
2393:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2375:Jack mackerels
2372:
2367:
2362:
2352:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2328:
2315:
2302:
2289:
2276:
2263:
2250:
2237:
2224:
2211:
2198:
2183:
2167:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2066:
2064:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2037:Snake mackerel
2034:
2029:
2023:
2021:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1935:
1933:
1926:Jack mackerels
1919:
1911:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1876:Pacific sierra
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1812:
1810:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1791:Shark mackerel
1788:
1782:
1780:
1772:Grammatorcynus
1767:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1757:
1755:
1739:
1731:
1730:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1688:Short mackerel
1684:
1682:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1644:
1642:
1626:
1622:True mackerels
1618:
1617:
1612:
1610:
1609:
1602:
1595:
1587:
1580:
1579:
1559:
1522:
1487:(2): 133β142.
1467:
1432:
1405:(2): 525β538.
1374:
1347:(2): 303β315.
1318:
1283:(2): 276β284.
1258:
1198:
1146:
1088:
1024:
997:(6): 508β518.
966:
910:
830:
812:
783:
764:Froese, Rainer
736:
689:
687:
684:
669:
666:
656:
653:
636:
633:
619:
616:
611:
543:
540:
538:
535:
509:
506:
480:
477:
455:
452:
450:
447:
410:East China Sea
393:
390:
381:
378:
358:horse mackerel
350:Korean cuisine
309:horse mackerel
286:Okinawa Island
247:
246:
245:
244:
233:
225:
214:
213:
207:
206:
195:
184:
183:
177:
176:
169:
167:
163:
162:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
128:Actinopterygii
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
77:
76:
58:
55:
54:
49:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2402:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2370:Fish of Japan
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2338:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2203:
2199:
2194:
2188:
2184:
2179:
2173:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2151:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2107:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2076:
2075:Atka mackerel
2073:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2058:
2057:Hexagrammidae
2054:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2015:
2011:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1912:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1856:King mackerel
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1831:Cero mackerel
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1804:
1803:
1802:Scomberomorus
1798:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1749:
1748:
1747:Acanthocybium
1743:
1740:
1738:
1732:
1727:
1720:
1713:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1664:
1663:Chub mackerel
1661:
1659:
1658:Blue mackerel
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1619:
1615:
1608:
1603:
1601:
1596:
1594:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1471:
1468:
1455:
1451:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
981:
979:
977:
975:
973:
971:
967:
962:
958:
953:
948:
944:
940:
936:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
915:
911:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
867:
865:
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
849:
847:
845:
843:
841:
839:
837:
835:
831:
827:
825:
819:
817:
813:
801:
797:
795:
787:
784:
779:
778:
773:
771:
765:
759:
757:
755:
753:
751:
749:
747:
745:
743:
741:
737:
724:
719:
715:
711:
710:
705:
703:
694:
691:
685:
683:
680:
676:
667:
665:
661:
654:
652:
646:
641:
634:
632:
630:
629:Bungo Channel
626:
617:
609:
605:
603:
599:
595:
587:
586:
580:
576:
573:
568:
564:
560:
553:
548:
541:
536:
534:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
507:
505:
503:
499:
495:
491:
486:
478:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
461:phytoplankton
453:
448:
446:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
403:
398:
391:
389:
387:
379:
377:
375:
374:Jeju language
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
346:
344:
340:
336:
333:; although a
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
315:
310:
305:
303:
299:
295:
292:, as well as
291:
287:
283:
280:, the jacks,
279:
276:
272:
268:
267:Japanese scad
264:
260:
259:
254:
241:
237:
234:
229:
226:
221:
218:
215:
212:
208:
203:
199:
193:
191:
185:
182:
181:Binomial name
178:
174:
173:
168:
165:
164:
161:
160:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
139:
138:Carangiformes
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
87:
82:
78:
72:
67:
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2162:
1994:Arabian scad
1989:African scad
1968:
1930:(15 species)
1915:Non-Scombrid
1807:(18 species)
1800:
1770:
1745:
1674:Rastrelliger
1672:
1632:
1572:, retrieved
1542:
1538:
1484:
1480:
1470:
1458:. Retrieved
1453:
1402:
1398:
1344:
1340:
1280:
1276:
1220:
1216:
1168:
1164:
1122:
1118:
1050:
1046:
994:
990:
942:
938:
883:(1): 61β68.
880:
876:
823:
803:. Retrieved
793:
786:
775:
769:
727:. Retrieved
713:
707:
701:
693:
678:
674:
671:
662:
658:
655:Scad fishing
649:
621:
618:Conservation
602:shioyaki-aji
601:
597:
590:
583:
563:purse seines
556:
511:
482:
457:
414:Sea of Japan
407:
401:
385:
383:
370:gagjaegi-gug
369:
368:is the soup
366:Jeju cuisine
361:
354:jeon-gaeng-i
353:
347:
326:
322:
318:
313:
312:
306:
266:
262:
257:
256:
252:
250:
235:
227:
219:
189:
187:
171:
170:
158:
29:
2241:iNaturalist
2187:Wikispecies
2061:(2 species)
2018:(5 species)
1999:Crozet scad
1777:(2 species)
1752:(1 species)
1679:(3 species)
1639:(4 species)
1053:(1): 8β18.
729:19 November
572:aquaculture
567:overfishing
485:drift algae
380:Description
302:gill rakers
2354:Categories
2004:Rough scad
1574:2021-06-11
686:References
682:families
454:Life cycle
343:deep fried
278:Carangidae
148:Carangidae
1917:mackerels
1535:"Preface"
1509:1874-7787
1419:0025-3154
1361:0919-9268
1305:0919-9268
1237:0376-6357
1223:: 52β57.
1193:0165-7836
1141:1095-9289
1075:0919-9268
1019:1054-6006
961:1349-998X
897:0919-9268
668:Phylogeny
598:aji-furai
531:sea birds
519:sea lions
498:jellyfish
430:migration
166:Species:
159:Trachurus
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
2285:20437783
2259:11053650
2215:FishBase
2178:Q1330320
2172:Wikidata
1614:Mackerel
1569:27770994
1517:21798182
1460:27 April
1454:FishBase
1427:91079802
1369:56174348
1313:39894384
1253:22932224
1245:24220796
1083:44020581
805:12 March
777:FishBase
527:dolphins
418:tropical
331:hiragana
290:copepods
282:pompanos
271:mackerel
242:, 1924
211:Synonyms
202:Schlegel
198:Temminck
144:Family:
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
2233:5210503
2088:Related
1634:Scomber
1489:Bibcode
1285:Bibcode
1173:Bibcode
1055:Bibcode
999:Bibcode
905:2038917
675:trachys
635:Culture
625:Uwa Sea
552:sashimi
508:Threats
490:schools
479:Feeding
465:Pelagic
204:, 1844)
154:Genus:
134:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
2337:273302
2311:273302
2272:642012
2246:194666
1567:
1557:
1515:
1507:
1456:. 2021
1425:
1417:
1367:
1359:
1311:
1303:
1251:
1243:
1235:
1191:
1139:
1081:
1073:
1017:
959:
903:
895:
559:trawls
525:, and
523:sharks
469:scutes
442:Kyushu
426:Taiwan
323:ma-aji
294:shrimp
275:family
240:Wakiya
200:&
2332:WoRMS
2324:43502
2298:83875
2254:IRMNG
2207:57PKM
1761:Wahoo
1423:S2CID
1365:S2CID
1309:S2CID
1249:S2CID
1079:S2CID
901:S2CID
645:sushi
594:furai
585:panko
494:reefs
416:, in
335:kanji
2306:OBIS
2293:NCBI
2280:IUCN
2267:ITIS
2228:GBIF
1565:PMID
1555:ISBN
1513:PMID
1505:ISSN
1462:2021
1415:ISSN
1357:ISSN
1301:ISSN
1241:PMID
1233:ISSN
1189:ISSN
1137:ISSN
1071:ISSN
1015:ISSN
957:ISSN
893:ISSN
807:2012
731:2021
714:2018
679:oura
627:and
542:Food
515:tuna
473:rays
412:and
251:The
2220:366
2202:CoL
1547:doi
1497:doi
1407:doi
1349:doi
1293:doi
1225:doi
1221:103
1181:doi
1127:doi
1063:doi
1007:doi
947:doi
885:doi
718:doi
643:As
402:aji
348:In
327:aji
314:aji
311:is
265:or
2356::
2334::
2321::
2308::
2295::
2282::
2269::
2256::
2243::
2230::
2217::
2204::
2189::
2174::
1563:,
1553:,
1543:75
1541:,
1537:,
1525:^
1511:.
1503:.
1495:.
1483:.
1479:.
1452:.
1435:^
1421:.
1413:.
1403:99
1401:.
1397:.
1377:^
1363:.
1355:.
1345:85
1343:.
1339:.
1321:^
1307:.
1299:.
1291:.
1281:74
1279:.
1275:.
1261:^
1247:.
1239:.
1231:.
1219:.
1215:.
1201:^
1187:.
1179:.
1169:95
1167:.
1163:.
1149:^
1135:.
1123:66
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1117:.
1091:^
1077:.
1069:.
1061:.
1051:74
1049:.
1045:.
1027:^
1013:.
1005:.
995:15
993:.
989:.
969:^
955:.
943:53
941:.
937:.
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899:.
891:.
881:80
879:.
875:.
833:^
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798:.
774:.
739:^
712:.
706:.
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517:,
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1227::
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1065::
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1009::
1001::
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949::
907:.
887::
809:.
792:"
772:"
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733:.
720::
704:"
700:"
596:(
339:ι―΅
337:(
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196:(
73:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
