1652:
could provide. On
Sundays and feast days, religious services took place three times a day (in Riasne), and the Sunday liturgy lasted for two and a half to three hours. The main religious celebrations took place outside the church in the middle of the neighborhood, and on every occasion traditionalists organized long processions through the entire locality. The community was strongly united by its common opponent, re-enacting the model of the 'defender of faith' common to times of repression. This model, which presupposes clear-cut attitudes and a firm moral stance, mobilized the community and reproduced the former determination of the 'underground' believers."
5943:
6149:
1399:"in Masses celebrated without the people". Such celebrations may be attended by those who spontaneously ask to be allowed. Priests in charge of churches can permit stable groups of laypeople attached to the earlier form to have Mass celebrated for them in that form, provided that the celebrating priest is "qualified to and not juridically impeded". The Society of Saint Pius X welcomed the document, but referred to "difficulties that still remain", including "disputed doctrinal issues" and the notice of excommunication that still affected its bishops.
1174:. While liberals believe that, on sexual matters, "the Pope can teach whatever he wants... but whether or not he should be listened to is very much an open question", the stance of certain traditionalists on the reform of the Mass liturgy and contemporary teachings on ecumenism and religious liberty amounts to the view that, on these issues, "faithful Catholics are always free to resist folly. As theories of religious dissent go, Catholic liberals couldn't ask for anything more."
1918:. The Catholic Church considers the orders of traditionalist clergy who are in good standing with the Holy See, such as the clergy of the Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter or the Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest, to be both valid and licit. It sees as valid but illicit the orders of the bishops and priests of the Society of Saint Pius X, and accordingly considers them to be forbidden by law to exercise priestly offices, but still technically priests.
5981:
662:
1602:, while among Byzantine Catholics in Western Ukraine, forced into a clandestine existence following the Soviet ban on the UGCC, the latinizations remained, "an important component of their underground practices". In response, some priests, nuns, and candidates for the priesthood found themselves, "forced towards the periphery of the church since 1989 because of their wish to 'keep the tradition'." In some eparchies, particularly those of
283:
6870:
6639:
5971:
38:
6884:
6653:
5931:
1981:
6779:
5991:
1305:
5961:
138:, they are not considered members of the Catholic Church, but instead separate religious groupings. A distinction is often made between these groups (sometimes called Radical Traditionalists) and Catholics who accept the teachings and authority of the Catholic Church while still preferring older traditions and practices as well as the Tridentine Mass in Latin.
1875:"because they disagreed with his schismatic action in ordaining Bishops without the required papal mandate". He added that at present the Commission's activity is not limited to the service of those Catholics, nor to "the efforts undertaken to end the regrettable schismatic situation and secure the return of those brethren belonging to the
1705:, for the SSJK. Fr. John Jenkins, an SSPX priest who was present, later remarked, "We were all very edified by their piety, and I myself was astonished by the resemblance of the atmosphere amongst the seminarians with that which I knew in the seminary – this in spite of the difference of language, nationality and even rite."
1103:, and which the Church has declared applies uniquely to the Catholic Church and means the "perduring, historical continuity and permanence of all the elements instituted by Christ in the Catholic Church, in which the Church of Christ is concretely found on this earth". He claims that this "new ecclesiology" contradicts
46:
1867:. Speaking on 16 May 2007 to the Fifth General Conference of the Bishops of Latin America and the Caribbean, Cardinal Castrillón, the current head of the Commission, said his department had been founded for the care of those "traditionalist Catholics" who, while discontented with the liturgical reform of the
3892:
for the SSPX - remain incardinated in several
European dioceses. They are thus in the same position as excommunicated Kovpak, who is incardinated in the Ukrainian Archdiocese of Lviv. The newly ordained clergy, however, are not incardinated into any Ukrainian Catholic diocese, and thus are not clergy
1712:
of Lviv, the
Archeparchy in which the PSSJ is most active, denounced the ordinations as a "criminal act", and condemned Fr. Kovpak's participation in the ceremony. He stressed that the two priests whom Bishop Williamson had ordained would not receive faculties within the Archeparchy. Officials of the
1053:
contrasted the "hermeneutic of discontinuity and rupture" that some apply to the
Council (an interpretation adopted both by certain traditionalists and by certain "progressives") with the "hermeneutic of reform, as it was presented first by Pope John XXIII in his Speech inaugurating the Council on 11
3488:
3. All
Catholics may receive Holy Communion after fasting three hours from food and alcoholic drinks and one hour from non-alcoholic drinks. This rule applies to Holy Communion at midnight Mass as well as at Masses celebrated in the morning, afternoon or evening. A priest's permission is not needed.
1058:
declared that he has finally understood that the agreement he signed aimed only at integrating his foundation into the "Conciliar Church". The
Catholic Church in union with the Pope is, according to him, the 'Conciliar Church' which has broken with its own past. It seems indeed that he is no longer
1651:
According to Vlad
Naumescu, "Religious life in a traditionalist parish followed the model of the 'underground church.' Devotions were more intense, with each priest promoting his parish as a 'place of pilgrimage' for the neighboring areas, thus drawing larger crowds on Sunday than his local parish
528:
connected with the Second
Vatican Council and consequently there is at present no true pope. They conclude, on the basis of their rejection of the revised Mass rite and of certain aspects of postconciliar Church teaching as false, that the popes involved are also false. This is a minority position
310:
Since the Second
Vatican Council, several traditionalist organizations have been started with or have subsequently obtained approval from the Catholic Church. These organizations accept the documents of the Second Vatican Council and regard the changes associated with the Council (such as the
1092:
that he claims fails to recognize the
Catholic Church as the one true church established by Jesus Christ, and instead holds that the Roman Catholic Church is some subset of the church Christ founded. He sees some of the confusion as stemming from an unclear understanding of the phrase
1067:
remarked in 2016, "there’s a traditionalism that is a rigid fundamentalism; this is not good. Fidelity on the other hand implies growth. In transmitting the deposit of faith from one epoch to another, tradition grows and consolidates itself with the passing of time, as St
154:, Archbishop of Baltimore, over the interpretation of the council's teachings, particularly on liturgical matters. In January 1965, DePauw incorporated an organization called the Catholic Traditionalist Movement in New York State, purportedly with the support of Cardinal
1287:
The SPLC clarifies: "Radical traditionalists are not the same as Catholics who call themselves 'traditionalists'—people who prefer the old Latin Mass to the mass now typically said in vernacular languages—although the radicals, as well, like their liturgy in Latin."
1489:
Immaculate, is referred to as "Mary-like Modesty", which includes for women, wearing sleeves "extending at least to the elbows" and "skirts reaching below the knees", as well as having a neckline no more than two inches with the rest of the bodice fully covered.
1162:
Traditionalists who claim that there has been a break from and discontinuity with the Church's traditional teaching are displaying a Protestant attitude of "private judgment" on matters of doctrine instead of accepting the guidance of the Magisterium of the
1126:
that attributes to the bishops of the world a share, with the Pope, of responsibility for the Church's governance in a way that it claims is destructive of papal authority and encourages a "national" church mentality that undermines the primacy of the
3905:
The accusation of "eschewing the Byzantine tradition" refers to Father Kovpak's championing of Latinising elements which were followed by Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church since the 17th century, but forcibly purged following the Second Vatican
1577:. According to his biographer Cyril Korolevsky, Metropolitan Andrey opposed use of coercion against those who remained attached to Latin liturgical practices, fearing that any attempt to do so would lead to a Greek Catholic equivalent of the
94:
Many Traditionalist Catholics disliked the liturgical changes that followed the Second Vatican Council, and prefer to continue to practice pre-Second Vatican Council traditions and forms. Some also see present teachings on
1054:
October 1962 and later by Pope Paul VI in his Discourse for the Council's conclusion on 7 December 1965." He made a similar point in a speech to the bishops of Chile in 1988, when he was still Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger:
173:, and set up chapels in many parts of North America to preserve the Tridentine Mass. Priests who participated in this were listed as being on a leave of absence by their bishops, who disapproved of their actions.
1752:, Ukraine, announced that four of them had been consecrated as bishops in order to save the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (UGCC) from heresy and apostasy and in August 2009, they announced the formation of the
3489:
4. Catholics are urged to observe the eucharistic fast from midnight as formerly, and also to compensate for the use of the new privileges by works of charity and penance, but these practices are not obligatory.
1166:
Traditionalists fail to distinguish properly between changeable pastoral practices (such as the liturgy of the Mass) and the unchangeable principles of the Catholic faith (such as the dogmas surrounding the
1929:
group on December 31,1975, while expressly refraining from pronouncing on its validity. It made the same statement with regard also to any later ordinations that those bishops might confer, saying that:
1631:
in Ukraine as being involved in "a well-organized movement" and who described themselves as "traditionalists". According to the article, they constituted "a parallel structure" with connections with the
1148:
Those who in response to these criticisms by certain traditionalists defend the decisions of the Second Vatican Council and the subsequent changes made by the Holy See make the following counterclaims:
1296:
Traditionalist Catholicism has been described as "a self-conscious revival of the liturgies, practices, and trappings of an earlier time in the Catholic Church" and this manifests in a number of ways.
6366:
1883:." It extends also, he said, to "satisfying the just aspirations of people, unrelated to the two aforementioned groups, who, because of their specific sensitiveness, wish to keep alive the earlier
6621:
6455:
4736:
2127:
367:
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Radical Traditionalists' claims that substantive changes have taken place in Catholic teaching and practice since the Council often crystallize around the following specific alleged examples:
1447:, under the Host species alone, and from the hand of a cleric rather than a layperson. The SSPX regards the practice of receiving communion in the hand (though ancient and authorised by the
2605:"Letter to the Bishops of the Catholic Church concerning the remission of the excommunication of the four Bishops consecrated by Archbishop Lefebvre (March 10, 2009) | BENEDICT XVI"
3262:"Letter to the Bishops that accompanies the Apostolic Letter "Motu Proprio data" Summorum Pontificum on the Roman liturgy prior to the reform of 1970 (July 7, 2007) | BENEDICT XVI"
661:
378:
421:
4181:
Letter of His Holiness Pope Benedict XVI to the Bishops of the Catholic Church concerning the remission of the excommunication of the four Bishops consecrated by Archbishop Lefebvre
3574:
Sacred Congregation for Divine Worship, Letter "En réponse a la demande" to presidents of those conferences of bishops petitioning the indult for communion in the hand, 29 May 1969
1072:
said 'The dogma of the Christian religion too must follow these laws. It progresses, consolidates itself with the years, developing itself with time, deepening itself with age'.”
1821:
The Holy See recognises as fully legitimate the preference that many Catholics have for the earlier forms of worship. This was stated in Pope John Paul II's 1988 apostolic letter
6380:
388:
1177:
Traditionalists claim that the Second Vatican Council was pastoral (and not infallible), but Paul VI subsequently emphasized the authoritative nature of the Council's teachings.
4478:
1441:. Some traditional Catholics groups require fasting from midnight until they receive Holy Communion at Mass, while others will keep a Eucharistic fast for at least three hours.
1430:. The traditional Catholic rule of fasting from midnight until the reception of Holy Communion (this Eucharistic Fast is from both food and liquids), which is required by the
4508:
1952:
1533:
declared it important to guard and preserve whole and entire forever the customs and distinct forms for administering the sacraments in use in the Eastern Catholic Churches (
3803:
6758:
6373:
5028:
529:
among traditionalist Catholics and a highly divisive one, so that many who hold it prefer to say nothing of their view, while other sedevacantists have accepted episcopal
583:
split from the organization over a number of issues including using the liturgical reforms implemented under Pope John XXIII. It operates in North America, is based in
5368:
5884:
3847:
1961:
reported that "the Vatican" estimated the number of those served by the Fraternity of St Peter, the Society of St Pius X and similar groups at "close to 1 million".
6359:
1264:
efforts of the Vatican, and sometimes assert that all recent Popes are illegitimate. The SPLC says that adherents are "incensed by the liberalizing reforms" of the
161:
By the late 1960s and early 1970s, conservative Catholics opposed to or uncomfortable with the theological, social and liturgical developments brought about by the
1260:
by the official church." The SPLC claims that adherents of radical traditional Catholicism "routinely pillory Jews as 'the perpetual enemy of Christ'", reject the
3243:
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4695:
4518:
2103:
2057:
321:
2934:
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as for those who have already thus unlawfully received ordination or any who may yet accept ordination from these, whatever may be the validity of the orders (
4180:
2002:
357:
2604:
6690:
4197:
4061:
1899:
1864:
1727:
1942:), and will consider them, for all legal effects, as still in the state in which they were before, except that the penalties remain until they repent.
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3047:
2497:
1791:
31:
3261:
4471:
4016:
2913:
2238:
1922:
1765:
1753:
1739:
1437:, was shortened in 1953 by Pope Pius XII to a 3-hour fast. In 1966, Pope Paul VI reduced the fast further to one hour, a rule included in the 1983
974:
864:
534:
2730:
2577:
4764:
2113:
849:
1627:, which since its 1994 foundation has been, "the strongest progressive voice within the Church". The article named priests and parishes in every
2680:
217:
lifted the excommunications of the four surviving bishops, but clarified that the society had "no canonical status within the Catholic Church."
6418:
6100:
5058:
4720:
2137:
1776:
452:
248:
193:
4144:
3339:
3309:
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5177:
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3682:
3653:
3541:
3475:
3143:
3121:
2638:
2555:
2437:
2194:
1970:
1810:
562:
405:
256:
3396:
3192:
5361:
2181:
2073:
1420:
Some traditionalist Catholics stress on following customs prevailing immediately before the Second Vatican Council, such as the following:
844:
393:
351:
6248:
5994:
1465:
required. Many Traditionalist Catholic women wear a veil, a hat, or a headscarf when praying at home and when worshipping inside a church.
6909:
5798:
4754:
4464:
2083:
2078:
1672:, has accused the UGCC hierarchy of using intense psychological pressure against priests who are reluctant or unwilling to de-Latinise.
345:
294:
2983:
1726:
Father Kovpak's excommunication process was restarted by the hierarchy of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church and was confirmed by the
6874:
6498:
6432:
6127:
5053:
4705:
4690:
4537:
3230:
2654:
2176:
2093:
2053:
1911:
1854:
1661:
834:
383:
362:
206:
6318:
1189:
is traditionalist Catholicism that integrates social and political contexts. Kay Chadwick described Catholic integrism as a holding "
1153:
The criticisms are false, exaggerated, or lacking appreciation of the organic character of Tradition, traditionalist criticisms that
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6425:
5296:
4685:
4440:
4381:
4309:
4285:
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3533:
3170:
3113:
2847:
2770:
2477:
2028:
1037:
444:
4219:
3107:
Michael W. Cuneo, The Smoke of Satan: Conservative and Traditionalist Dissent in Contemporary American Catholicism (JHU Press, 1999
3881:
1722:
that uses the old Latin liturgy exclusively, eschewing the Byzantine tradition, and does not maintain allegiance to the Holy See."
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6794:
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6407:
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5122:
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2956:
2221:
2132:
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166:
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5354:
1518:
1059:
able to see that we are dealing with the Catholic Church in the totality of its Tradition, and that Vatican II belongs to that.
456:
315:
6506:
6463:
6148:
6029:
5786:
5033:
4715:
4700:
4419:
4400:
4358:
4337:
3804:
Vlad Naumescu, "Continuities and Ruptures of a Religious Tradition: Making ‘Orthodoxy’ in the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
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2376:
2143:
2108:
2061:
2006:
1745:
1123:
949:
745:
333:
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6814:
4952:
247:
and his successors are heretics and therefore cannot be considered popes, and that the Catholic Church's sacraments are not
236:
but lacks the authority and ability to teach or govern unless he recants the changes brought by the Second Vatican Council.
3990:
3851:
6065:
5879:
5843:
5825:
5255:
4899:
4672:
4617:
1836:. The Holy See does not extend its approval to those who oppose the present-day Church leadership, which is reiterated in
1624:
859:
4107:
1135:, whose influence greatly increased following the Council, "diminish the personal responsibility of bishop" within their
6490:
6388:
6171:
5781:
5327:
5117:
4962:
4814:
4126:
3589:
3244:"Motu Proprio Summorum Pontificum on the "Roman liturgy prior to the reform of 1970" (July 7, 2007) | BENEDICT XVI"
2332:
2216:
1679:, Major Archbishops of Kyiv-Galicia, excommunicated Father Kovpak, but this act was later declared null and void by the
1269:
496:
221:
4119:
3502:
1614:, the bishops would immediately suspend any priest who, "displayed his inclination toward 'traditionalist' practices".
6600:
6514:
6447:
6192:
6107:
5984:
5954:
5864:
5632:
5088:
4779:
4710:
4604:
2261:
2171:
1690:
1325:
1309:
1241:
1218:
989:
5230:
4350:
God Gave Us the Right: Conservative Catholic, Evangelical Protestant, and Orthodox Jewish Women Grapple with Feminism
1991:
604:
6751:
6683:
4967:
3471:
629:
are not true popes, elect someone else and propose him as the true pope to whom the allegiance of Catholics is due.
440:
remitted the excommunications the Congregation had declared to have been incurred by the Society's bishops in 1988.
6845:
6586:
6220:
5964:
5910:
5720:
5715:
5667:
5596:
5291:
5182:
5083:
4904:
2233:
2199:
894:
708:
339:
232:
as pope but disobeying him. Sedeprivationists hold that the current occupant of the papal office is a duly elected
2010:
1995:
6699:
6676:
5695:
5301:
4677:
3674:
2396:
1926:
1510:
584:
448:
228:
religious congregation of clergy who were dissatisfied with the SSPX's position on the Pope, i.e., acknowledging
6114:
4640:
4246:
2702:
1719:"'he deceives the church by declaring that he is a Greek (Byzantine) Catholic priest,' while supporting a group
433:
189:
114:
A minority of Traditionalist Catholics reject the current papacy of the Catholic Church and follow positions of
5974:
5700:
5489:
4588:
3952:
2292:
1109:
784:
437:
104:
50:
6572:
5048:
201:
for all six men directly involved. Some members of the SSPX, unwilling to participate in what they considered
3606:
3369:
466:
In 2017, a statement from the Holy See said the SSPX had an irregular canonical status "for the time being".
451:, in certain circumstances, to grant delegation to SSPX priests to act as the qualified witness required for
6482:
6276:
6038:
5524:
5449:
5194:
5138:
5018:
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3401:
2630:
2429:
2390:
2382:
2371:
2326:
2308:
2204:
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2049:
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convent, and numerous parishes, receives priestly orders from the bishops of the SSPX. Its superior, Father
1590:
1582:
1570:
1559:
1548:
1214:
1210:
999:
735:
580:
576:
460:
417:
252:
181:
2871:
263:, but he was later expelled due to scandals and CMRI is now more aligned with other sedevacantist groups.
6729:
6565:
6351:
6078:
6060:
5457:
5398:
5377:
4774:
4635:
4295:
3577:
2272:
1884:
1868:
1595:
1494:
1456:
1431:
1265:
485:
271:
202:
185:
162:
76:
5874:
5804:
5505:
4524:
2482:
2366:
2255:
2166:
2098:
1876:
1694:
1633:
1486:
1364:
or in another language provided that the liturgical texts have been legitimately approved." In his 2007
1030:
1004:
789:
298:
6614:
5818:
4909:
2522:
1787:
1898:
In 2019, Pope Francis suppressed this commission and transferred its responsibilities directly to the
1320:
The best-known and most visible sign of Catholic traditionalism is an attachment to the form that the
1256:
and some 70 million mainstream American Catholics. Many of their leaders have been condemned and even
311:
revision of the Mass) as legitimate, but celebrate the older forms with the approval of the Holy See.
255:(SSPV), broke off from the SSPX in 1983, due to liturgical disputes. Another sedevacantist group, the
6332:
6290:
6241:
6178:
5869:
5647:
4947:
4894:
4889:
4864:
4844:
4553:
3630:
Schar, Amanda. "Feminism and Faith: How Women Find Empowerment in the Roman Catholic Church" (2019).
1838:
1539:
1474:
Traditional Catholics, with respect to male and female gender roles, often adhere to the doctrine of
1404:
1277:
1132:
1069:
188:
and who opposed what he saw as excessive liberal influences in the Church after Vatican II. In 1988,
484:
but lacks the authority and ability to teach or govern unless he recants the changes brought by the
6136:
5947:
5622:
5473:
5322:
4829:
4546:
4103:
The text of Cardinal Castrillón's speech, in the language in which he gave it, can be consulted at
3347:
3317:
3287:
2707:
2362:
2345:
2341:
1958:
1921:
The Holy See declared devoid of canonical effect the consecration ceremony conducted by Archbishop
1832:
1772:
1619:
1369:
1281:
1202:
839:
770:
565:(CMRI), formed in 1967. It operates in North America, South America, Europe, and Asia; is based in
3872:
The Holy See likewise declared SSPX priests "suspended from exercising their priestly functions" (
6888:
6744:
6657:
6550:
6206:
6022:
5935:
5591:
5540:
5260:
4854:
4611:
4595:
4066:
2988:
2582:
2336:
1799:
1599:
1475:
1376:
relaxed the regulations on use of the 1962 Missal, designating it "an" extraordinary form of the
1171:
1155:
260:
108:
68:
5627:
3060:
2914:"CatholicHerald.co.uk » Prefect of the CDF says seeing Vatican II as a 'rupture' is heresy"
1230:
30:
This article is about the contemporary movement. For the 19th-century theological position, see
4187:
concerning his remission of the excommunication of the four bishops of the Society of St Pius X
3739:
3004:
2935:"Address of His Holiness Benedict XVI to the Roman Curia offering them his Christmas greetings"
6396:
6269:
6199:
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5601:
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4957:
4879:
4819:
4436:
4415:
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4305:
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4184:
3831:
3811:
3745:
3678:
3649:
3557:
3537:
3529:
3370:"Press Release from the General Superior of the Priestly Society of Saint Pius X, 7 July 2007"
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3160:
3139:
3136:
The Pope, the Council, and the Mass: answers to the questions the "traditionalists" are asking
3117:
3109:
2843:
2805:
2799:
2766:
2760:
2634:
2551:
2443:
2433:
2417:
2041:
This is a list of notable traditionalist Catholic groups. Some are in full communion with the
1915:
1574:
1385:
1373:
1085:
1050:
884:
777:
688:
641:
600:
214:
64:
2837:
6533:
6234:
5756:
5662:
5642:
5465:
5102:
4824:
3610:
2501:
2425:
2045:; some have irregular status according to doctrines and disciplines of the Catholic Church.
1023:
879:
475:
398:
225:
197:
155:
119:
3573:
3553:
3525:
2658:
2424:. Historical Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies, and Movements Series (2nd ed.).
1863:. Benedict XVI was a member of the Commission during his tenure as Cardinal Prefect of the
1623:, the official journal of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, written by a student of the
6824:
6766:
6714:
6213:
6164:
6093:
6074:
5848:
5657:
5606:
5570:
5422:
5317:
5215:
5078:
4869:
4804:
4663:
4566:
4513:
4130:
4111:
3889:
3885:
2358:
2322:
2318:
2287:
2277:
1872:
1771:
The group was promptly excommunicated by the UGCC, an act that was later confirmed by the
1714:
1603:
1396:
1353:
1337:
1329:
1226:
1194:
1170:
Traditionalists of this kind treat papal authority in much the same way as the dissident,
1009:
874:
804:
724:
566:
489:
425:
286:
244:
177:
151:
88:
80:
72:
3646:
The Church Under Attack: Five Hundred Years that Split the Church and Scattered the Flock
2890:"Obituary of The Most Reverend Clarence J. Kelly | Dufresne & Cavanaugh Funeral Home"
524:
hold that the Vatican II popes have forfeited their position through their acceptance of
4223:
3915:
3902:
274:
pontiffs. They are not considered serious claimants except by their very few followers.
17:
6721:
6325:
6297:
6283:
6262:
6185:
5761:
5730:
5710:
5705:
5481:
5441:
5250:
5245:
5225:
5148:
5143:
4942:
4937:
4919:
4884:
4874:
4849:
4809:
4769:
4116:
Intervención sobre Ecclesia Dei – Card. Darío Castrillón Hoyos, Presidente Ecclesia Dei
3873:
3193:"Radical Traditionalist Catholics Spew Anti-Semitic Hate, Commit Violence Against Jews"
2314:
2118:
1880:
1676:
1665:
1552:
1498:
1273:
1234:
1198:
984:
854:
794:
599:(Priestly Society of Trent; SST), formed in 1993 by the priests of the deceased Bishop
588:
570:
521:
503:
480:
Sedeprivationists hold that the current occupant of the papal office is a duly elected
282:
210:
170:
127:
3966:
3939:
3699:
2960:
1481:
The standards of clothing among Traditional Catholics, based on instructions given by
492:
onward fall into this category. Sedeprivationism is currently endorsed by two groups:
463:, which is affiliated with the SSPX, is seeking Vatican approval through the society.
6903:
6804:
6607:
6593:
6015:
5905:
5792:
5751:
5690:
5637:
5532:
5406:
5240:
5162:
4839:
4115:
4081:"A Synoptic Look at the Failures and Successes of Post-Vatican II Liturgical Reforms"
3927:
3720:
3024:
2304:
2282:
1761:
1563:
1534:
1257:
1104:
1099:
829:
555:
516:
240:
147:
115:
107:
in its philosophy and worldview, promoting a modest style of dressing and teaching a
4017:"Dichiarazione della Santa Sede sui "sedicenti vescovi greco-cattolici di Pidhirci""
37:
6311:
6304:
6227:
6122:
5915:
5832:
5746:
5652:
5575:
5235:
5210:
4531:
3877:
3768:, Translated and Edited by Fr. Serge Keleher. Stauropegion Brotherhood, Lviv, 1993.
3423:
2379:, for a discussion about a traditionalist Catholic news service which was shut down
2148:
1859:
1828:
1823:
1757:
1709:
1669:
1637:
1514:
1482:
1392:
1381:
1365:
1333:
1249:
1190:
1094:
1089:
1064:
994:
934:
929:
924:
889:
869:
703:
550:
429:
229:
625:
is the belief and practice of some who, claiming that all recent occupants of the
4430:
4369:
4348:
4327:
4299:
4275:
3106:
1517:. Opposition to this has been given relatively high publicity with regard to the
6558:
6255:
4914:
4859:
4645:
4169:
3449:
1980:
1544:
1206:
964:
944:
697:
693:
678:
530:
6883:
6778:
6652:
5930:
3083:
1493:
It is commonplace for women who identify as traditionalist Catholics to wear a
6541:
5414:
5274:
4759:
4104:
3903:
Catholic World News: Byzantine Catholics decry Lefebvrite inroads into Ukraine
2088:
1783:
1760:
Basilian priest Fr. Anthony Elias Dohnal as "Patriarch Elijah", they declared
1680:
1377:
1321:
1159:
contradicts the Church's earlier teaching on religious liberty are an example.
979:
799:
718:
683:
622:
617:
267:
123:
84:
4456:
4123:
1513:
have removed some practices and emphases that were derived from those of the
5497:
5187:
4329:
The Mass Of The Roman Rite: Its Origins and Development (Missarum Sollemnia)
2267:
1892:
1888:
1749:
1598:) and several subsequent documents. Latinizations were discarded within the
1426:
1261:
1186:
959:
954:
939:
809:
730:
100:
96:
2731:"Francis grants SSPX right to celebrate marriage in sign of reconciliation"
2498:"A progressive, feminist evangelical considers joining the Catholic Church"
1304:
1225: – from Europe. Lefebvre also supported Latin American dictatorships,
87:
liturgy largely replaced in general use by the post-Second Vatican Council
6007:
1380:, as opposed to "the" ordinary or normal form, as revised successively by
443:
More recently, the Vatican has granted SSPX priests the authority to hear
5346:
4784:
3940:
Declaration of an excommunication upon Pope Benedict XVI and John Paul II
2048:
As of 2023, largest priestly communities described as traditionalist are
2042:
1607:
1588:
De-latinization in the UGCC gained further momentum with the 1964 decree
1573:
began with the 1930s corrections of the liturgical books by Metropolitan
1530:
1448:
1253:
1136:
1128:
969:
765:
740:
713:
626:
135:
1857:
was founded in July 1988 in the wake of John Paul II's apostolic letter
1794:, in October 2019. Whether Viganò accepted this "election" is unclear.
5811:
3397:"Francis reverses Benedict's liberalization of use of older Latin Mass"
1628:
1248:
to refer to those who "may make up the largest single group of serious
914:
63:
is a movement that emphasizes beliefs, practices, customs, traditions,
4118:(Retrieved 7 December 2008). English translations may be consulted at
4041:
3781:, Halle Studies in the Anthropology of Eurasia. Page 162, Footnote 10.
3373:
2984:"Pope Francis: There will be no 'reform of the reform' of the liturgy"
2548:
Catholic intellectuals and conservative politics in America, 1950–1985
2627:
Heaven Can Wait: Purgatory in Catholic Devotional and Popular Culture
1953:
Preconciliar rites after the Second Vatican Council § Demography
1805:
1702:
1698:
1687:
1641:
1611:
1578:
1336:
published between 1570 and 1962. This form is generally known as the
1222:
1063:
Responding to a comment that some consider tradition in a rigid way,
919:
525:
290:
54:
4062:"Ukrainian Church Faces Obscure Pro-Russia Revolt In Its Own Ranks""
3828:
Churches In-between: Greek Catholic Churches in Postsocialist Europe
3808:
Churches In-between: Greek Catholic Churches in Postsocialist Europe
3792:
Churches In-between: Greek Catholic Churches in Postsocialist Europe
3779:
Churches In-between: Greek Catholic Churches in Postsocialist Europe
1617:
Vlad Naumescu reports that an article in the February 2003 issue of
420:(SSPX) was founded in 1970, with the authorization of the bishop of
45:
6668:
4721:
Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (Still River, Massachusetts)
3590:
Why should Catholics have nothing to do with the Novus Ordo Missae?
3526:
Anscar J. Chupungco, Handbook for Liturgical Studies: The Eucharist
1734:
Sedevacantism and Conclavism in the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
1280:" and that "Radical traditional Catholics" also embrace "extremely
1217:
meeting. Lefebvre was fined in France for "racial defamation" and "
4277:
The Banished Heart: Origins of Heteropraxis in the Catholic Church
4122:(Retrieved 7 December 2008), and extracts are given in English at
2447:
1349:
1303:
281:
44:
36:
79:(1962–1965). Traditionalist Catholics particularly emphasize the
5059:
Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (Richmond, New Hampshire)
1938:), the Church does not and will not recognise their ordination (
1645:
1119:
650:
481:
233:
131:
6672:
6011:
5350:
4460:
1497:(veil) while praying at home and attending celebrations of the
1356:, to which vernacular translations are obliged to conform, and
1312:, erected in 1700 and still used today. It faces both east and
1213:
supporters. A Tridentine Mass was celebrated before the annual
3794:, Halle Studies in the Anthropology of Eurasia. Pages 164–165.
3048:
Vatican II and Religious Liberty: Contradiction or Continuity?
1974:
1360:
states that "the eucharistic celebration is to be carried out
1221:" for proposing the removal of immigrants – particularly
1201:" political objectives. She also noted its alignment with the
6367:
Dialogue between the Holy See and the Society of Saint Pius X
3162:
Catholicism, Politics and Society in Twentieth-century France
1274:
accusation that Jews are collectively responsible for deicide
1252:
in America, subscribe to an ideology that is rejected by the
6622:
Personal Apostolic Administration of Saint John Mary Vianney
4737:
Personal Apostolic Administration of Saint John Mary Vianney
4079:
Weinandy, Thomas; Cavadini, John; Healy, Mary (2022-12-01).
3991:"Vatican Says Excommunication of "Pidhirtsi Fathers" Final:"
3503:"Fasting and Abstinence - Current and Traditional Practices"
2681:"New pastoral provisions for Sacrament of Marriage for SSPX"
2128:
Personal Apostolic Administration of Saint John Mary Vianney
368:
Personal Apostolic Administration of Saint John Mary Vianney
4370:"The Global Network of Deviant Revelatory Marian Movements"
3888:). A minority of them - ordained before 1976 by archbishop
190:
Lefebvre and another bishop consecrated four men as bishops
3738:
George Thomas Kurian; Mark A. Lamport (10 November 2016).
3721:"Eastern Catholic Churches and the Question of 'Uniatism'"
3138:(41 ed.). W. Hanover, Mass: Christopher Publ. House.
2387:– an American newspaper dedicated to traditionalist themes
4220:"Catholic World News : "All We Ask is for the Mass""
3930:. Uogcc.org.ua (11 August 2009). Retrieved on 2013-07-04.
1459:
when praying at home and when worshipping inside a church
579:(SSPV), formed in 1983 when nine American priests of the
169:(ORCM) was founded by two priests, Francis E. Fenton and
5880:
Theology of Pope Benedict XVI § Continuity of Vatican II
2869:
A more comprehensive list of objections can be found at
2361:, which started in comparable circumstances surrounding
1395:
can freely choose between the 1962 Roman Missal and the
379:
Monastery of Our Lady of the Annunciation of Clear Creek
374:
There are also multiple monastic communities, including
99:
as blurring the distinction between Catholics and other
1558:("No more, No Less, No Different") than priests of the
1340:, though traditionalists usually prefer to call it the
209:(FSSP), which celebrates the Tridentine Mass and is in
4218:
McCaffrey, Roger A.; Woods Jr., Thomas E. (May 2005).
1445:
Kneeling to receive Communion directly upon the tongue
499:(IMBC), led by Superior General Fr. Francesco Ricossa;
6381:
Controversies surrounding the Society of Saint Pius X
3744:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 1724.
2058:
Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest (ICKSP)
1209:
procession with participation by both integrists and
389:
Monks of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel
146:
Toward the end of the Second Vatican Council, Father
4301:
Sede Vacante: The Life and Legacy of Archbishop Thuc
259:(CMRI), formed spontaneously among the followers of
6837:
6786:
6706:
6525:
6474:
6406:
6342:
6156:
6045:
5893:
5857:
5774:
5739:
5676:
5615:
5584:
5563:
5556:
5517:
5434:
5391:
5384:
5310:
5284:
5273:
5203:
5170:
5161:
5131:
5110:
5101:
5071:
5011:
5004:
4993:
4984:
4928:
4793:
4745:
4729:
4671:
4658:
4628:
4575:
4509:
Preconciliar rites after the Second Vatican Council
4501:
4494:
2657:. Catholicnews.com. 27 January 2009. Archived from
2655:"Pope lifts excommunications of Lefebvrite bishops"
1640:, the Pastor of St. Peter and Paul's Church in the
1485:and consequently promoted by the Purity Crusade of
1144:
Criticism of the Radical Traditionalists' positions
430:
declared to have incurred automatic excommunication
6759:Cathedral-Basilica of Our Crowned Mother of Palmar
6374:Canonical situation of the Society of Saint Pius X
4391:Radecki, CMRI, Frs. Francisco and Dominic (2004).
4105:Intervención sobre Ecclesia Dei-16 de mayo de 2007
2957:"Cardinal Ratzinger's Address to Bishops of Chile"
1697:(SSPX), ordained two priests and seven deacons in
270:have elected their own popes in opposition to the
184:(SSPX), made up of priests who would say only the
71:and presentations of teaching associated with the
4376:. NY: Oxford University Press. pp. 662–683.
3741:Encyclopedia of Christianity in the United States
2393:, American group focused on traditional education
1352:is the language also of the official text of the
1076:Radical Traditionalists' assessment of Vatican II
3806:" in Stephanie Mahieu, Vlad Naumescu (editors),
594:
6360:Superior General of the Society of Saint Pius X
3134:Likoudis, James; Whitehead, Kenneth D. (1982).
41:Elevation of the chalice after the consecration
4432:Being Right: Conservative Catholics in America
4395:. Wayne, MI / Newhall, CA: St.Joseph's Media.
4332:. Vol. 1. Allen, TX: Christian Classics.
2872:"Letter of 'the Nine' to Abp. Marcel Lefebvre"
502:Roman Catholic Institute (RCI), led by Bishop
488:. Sedeprivationists teach that the popes from
6684:
6023:
5362:
4696:Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest
4519:List of communities using the Tridentine Mass
4472:
3600:
3598:
2620:
2618:
2104:Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest
1713:Lviv archdiocese said that Kovpak could face
1425:Fasting from Midnight until the reception of
1031:
322:Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest
8:
3061:"On Waffling, Tradition and the Magisterium"
2550:. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. p. 130.
1809:that the church leadership is linked to the
775:
5885:Catholic–Orthodox Joint Declaration of 1965
4429:Weaver, Mary Jo; Appleby, R. Scott (1995).
3826:Stephanie Mahieu, Vlad Naumescu (editors),
3790:Stéphanie Mahieu and Vlad Naumescu (2008),
3777:Stéphanie Mahieu and Vlad Naumescu (2008),
2798:Weaver, Mary Jo; Scott Appleby, R. (1995).
2571:
2569:
2567:
2523:"Library : Schismatic Traditionalists"
2399:1967 manifesto that angered traditionalists
2377:Freedom of religion in Germany § Censorship
2156:Canonically irregular traditionalist groups
2009:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1547:said that the priests of the newly created
1529:Even before the Second Vatican Council the
1097:" which appears in the Vatican II document
558:is vacant"). Sedevacantist groups include:
6767:The Sacred History or Holy Palmarian Bible
6691:
6677:
6669:
6456:Priestly Union of Saint Jean-Marie Vianney
6030:
6016:
6008:
5560:
5388:
5369:
5355:
5347:
5281:
5167:
5107:
5008:
5001:
4990:
4797:
4668:
4498:
4479:
4465:
4457:
4198:Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
3501:Mater Dei Latin Mass Parish (2017-02-23).
2842:. University of Chicago Press. July 1994.
2119:Militia Templi; The Poor Knights of Christ
1900:Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
1865:Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
1728:Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
1509:Since the Second Vatican Council, various
1038:
1024:
636:
587:, United States, and was headed by Bishop
5839:History of the Catholic Church since 1962
4435:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
4247:"Dimes Square Gets the Hotel It Deserves"
3953:"Pastoral letter for the Catholic Church"
3942:. Uogcc.org.ua. Retrieved on 4 July 2013.
3556:(LIT Verlag Berlin-Hamburg-Münster, 2001
3372:. Fsspx.org. 17 June 2011. Archived from
2759:Collinge, William J. (23 February 2012).
2068:Canonically regular traditionalist groups
2054:Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter (FSSP)
2029:Learn how and when to remove this message
569:, United States; and is headed by Bishop
459:. The Our Lady of Guadalupe Monastery in
32:Traditionalism (19th-century Catholicism)
5297:Ukrainian Orthodox Greek Catholic Church
3810:(LIT Verlag Münster 2008), pp. 161–162,
2239:Ukrainian Orthodox Greek Catholic Church
1766:Ukrainian Orthodox Greek Catholic Church
1754:Ukrainian Orthodox Greek Catholic Church
1740:Ukrainian Orthodox Greek Catholic Church
1569:In the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church,
103:. Traditional Catholicism is often more
4765:Latin Mass Society of England and Wales
4304:. Berkeley, CA: The Apocryphile Press.
4145:"Ecclesia Dei, exceptional nature ends"
3893:of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church.
3648:. Sophia Institute Press. p. 202.
3082:Schluenderfritz, Malcolm (2022-03-30).
3006:Communion: Ratzinger's New Ecclesiology
2578:"Latin Mass of Old Is Luring Catholics"
2496:Ochstein, Jennifer (7 September 2017).
2408:
2114:Latin Mass Society of England and Wales
1075:
648:
192:without papal permission, resulting in
6419:Sisters of the Society of Saint Pius X
6101:International Seminary of Saint Pius X
5012:Operating with partial papal faculties
4900:Princess Elisabeth von Thurn und Taxis
2982:O'Connell, Gerard (December 6, 2016).
2832:
2830:
2828:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2701:Villagran, Lauren (25 December 2013).
2473:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2299:Comparable phenomena in other churches
2138:Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary
1777:Congregation for the Doctrine of Faith
1505:In the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
5178:Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen
3918:Catholic World News, 21 November 2007
3830:(LIT Verlag Münster 2008), page 164.
3607:"The types of women who veil at Mass"
3554:Michael Kunzler, The Church's Liturgy
3476:Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen
2703:"Men come to monastery 'to seek God'"
2195:Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen
1971:Communities using the Tridentine Mass
1792:Apostolic Nuncio to the United States
1636:and with a charismatic leader in Fr.
563:Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen
436:. In January 2009 the Prefect of the
406:Communities using the Tridentine Mass
306:Canonically regular with the Holy See
257:Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen
7:
5960:
4686:Canons Regular of Saint John Cantius
3928:Decree of Establishment of the UOGCC
2762:Historical Dictionary of Catholicism
2422:Historical Dictionary of Catholicism
2311:which dates back to the 17th century
2182:Missionaries of St. John the Baptist
2089:Fœderatio Internationalis Juventutem
2074:Canons Regular of Saint John Cantius
2062:Institute of the Good Shepherd (IBP)
2007:adding citations to reliable sources
1797:There have been allegations in both
394:Monastery of Our Lady of the Cenacle
352:Canons Regular of Saint John Cantius
239:Some Catholics took the position of
224:(IMBC) was founded in 1985. It is a
5990:
4905:Gloria, Princess of Thurn and Taxis
4755:Canons Regular of the New Jerusalem
4280:. London, UK: Bloomsbury Academic.
3848:"La Porte Latine - Jenkins anglais"
3195:, Southern Poverty Law Center, 2006
3023:Wrighton, Basil (16 January 2014),
2486:, Southern Poverty Law Center, 2011
2123:Order of the Poor Knights of Christ
2084:Foederatio Internationalis Una Voce
2079:Canons Regular of the New Jerusalem
1664:(SSJK), which operates a seminary,
1408:, amending and abrogating parts of
1391:The Pope ruled that priests of the
384:Monastery of St. Benedict in Norcia
346:Canons Regular of the New Jerusalem
126:. As these groups are no longer in
6499:Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter
6433:Priestly Society of Saint Josaphat
6128:Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei
5054:Priestly Society of Saint Josaphat
4706:Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter
4691:Fraternity of Saint Vincent Ferrer
3698:Pope Leo XIIl (30 November 1894).
3605:Fisher, Simcha (3 December 2019).
2177:Priestly Society of Saint Josaphat
2094:Fraternity of Saint Vincent Ferrer
1936:quidquid sit de ordinum validitate
1855:Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei
1662:Priestly Society of Saint Josaphat
1656:Priestly Society of Saint Josaphat
1402:In 2021, Pope Francis promulgated
1233:, and the continued occupation of
363:Fraternity of Saint Vincent Ferrer
207:Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter
25:
6440:Abbey of Saint-Joseph de Clairval
6426:Fraternity of the Transfiguration
6249:Michel-Louis Guérard des Lauriers
4412:In the Murky Waters of Vatican II
4245:Meltzer, Marisa (July 25, 2022).
3395:Allen, Elise Ann (16 July 2021).
3346:. Sanctamissa.org. Archived from
3316:. Sanctamissa.org. Archived from
3286:. Sanctamissa.org. Archived from
3205:Phillips, Maggie (12 July 2022).
3026:Collegiality: error of Vatican II
2478:"Radical Traditional Catholicism"
2335:, a comparable phenomenon in the
2307:, a comparable phenomenon in the
1332:, in the various editions of the
591:until his death in December 2023.
150:came into conflict with Cardinal
51:Church of Our Lady Seat of Wisdom
6882:
6869:
6868:
6777:
6651:
6638:
6637:
6147:
5989:
5980:
5979:
5970:
5969:
5959:
5941:
5929:
5123:Orthodox Roman Catholic Movement
4060:Andrew Higgins (June 21, 2014).
3967:"UOGCC / English / About Church"
3874:Letter of Monsignor Camille Perl
2729:Lamb, Christopher (2017-04-05).
2576:Dugan, George (6 January 1974).
2222:Orthodox Roman Catholic Movement
2133:Priestly Fraternity of St. Peter
1979:
1927:Carmelite Order of the Holy Face
1416:Individual and private devotions
1246:radical traditionalist Catholics
660:
533:from sources such as Archbishop
358:Canons Regular of the Holy Cross
167:Orthodox Roman Catholic Movement
165:began to coalesce. In 1973, the
5536:(Relations with non-Christians)
4410:Sinke Guimarães, Atila (1997).
3916:Ukrainian priest excommunicated
3766:Metropolitan Andrew (1868–1944)
2250:Doctrinal and liturgical issues
1693:, who was then a member of the
1683:due to lack of canonical form.
1556:Nec Plus, Nec Minus, Nec Aliter
1519:Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
1131:. It also claims that national
316:Priestly Fraternity of St Peter
251:. One sedevacantist group, the
6507:Institute of the Good Shepherd
5787:Central Preparatory Commission
4716:Sons of the Most Holy Redeemer
4701:Institute of the Good Shepherd
4114:(Retrieved 17 May 2007) or at
3165:. Liverpool University Press.
2144:Sons of the Most Holy Redeemer
2109:Institute of the Good Shepherd
2050:Society of Saint Pius X (SSPX)
1803:and the Lviv-based newspaper
1330:liturgical reform of 1969–1970
334:Institute of the Good Shepherd
328:Sons of the Most Holy Redeemer
1:
6846:Leandro María de la Santa Faz
6066:Coetus Internationalis Patrum
5844:Catholic Church and ecumenism
5826:Coetus Internationalis Patrum
2625:Pasulka, Diana Walsh (2015).
2416:Collinge, William J. (2012).
2325:—comparable phenomena in the
1871:, had broken with Archbishop
1827:and Pope Benedict XVI's 2007
1811:Russian intelligence services
1625:Ukrainian Catholic University
1205:press and an annual Parisian
548:derive from the Latin phrase
422:Lausanne, Geneva and Fribourg
6491:Istituto Mater Boni Consilii
6389:Apologia pro Marcel Lefebvre
6319:Juan María Fernández y Krohn
6172:Bernard Tissier de Mallerais
5782:Catholic ecumenical councils
5328:Rogelio del Rosario Martinez
5195:Society of Saint Pius V
5118:Istituto Mater Boni Consilii
5019:Society of Saint Pius X
4963:Bernard Tissier de Mallerais
4353:. Rutgers University Press.
4222:. Cwnews.com. Archived from
4133:(Retrieved 7 December 2008).
3671:A Year of Biblical Womanhood
3472:"Lesson 28 — Holy Communion"
3231:Code of Canon Law, canon 928
3046:Fr. Brian W. Harrison, O.S.
2878:, Traditional mass, May 1983
2804:. Indiana University Press.
2333:Continuing Anglican movement
2217:Istituto Mater Boni Consilii
2140:(Still River, MA group only)
1762:that the Holy See was vacant
1268:(1962–1965) which condemned
497:Istituto Mater Boni Consilii
222:Istituto Mater Boni Consilii
213:with the Holy See. In 2009,
6601:John Bosco Manat Chuabsamai
6448:Servants of the Holy Family
6108:Saint-Nicolas-du-Chardonnet
5633:Ignatius Gabriel I Tappouni
5477:(Renewal of Religious Life)
5024:Affiliated religious orders
4780:Tradition, Family, Property
4711:Servants of the Holy Family
4605:Extra Ecclesiam nulla salus
4374:The Oxford Handbook of Mary
4372:. In Maunder, Chris (ed.).
3669:Evans, Rachel Held (2012).
3452:. Intratext.com. 4 May 2007
3003:Sanborn, Donald J. (1992).
2262:Extra Ecclesiam nulla salus
2172:Servants of the Holy Family
1923:Pierre Martin Ngô Đình Thục
1817:Relations with the Holy See
1310:Santa Cecilia in Trastevere
1242:Southern Poverty Law Center
1219:incitement to racial hatred
990:Traditionalist conservatism
535:Pierre Martin Ngô Đình Thục
295:Cathedral of the Holy Cross
176:In 1970, French Archbishop
27:Catholic religious movement
6926:
6910:Traditionalist Catholicism
6738:Traditionalist Catholicism
6087:Traditionalist Catholicism
5911:Palmarian Christian Church
5901:Traditionalist Catholicism
5721:Arcadio Larraona Saralegui
5716:Gregorio Pietro Agagianian
5668:Bernardus Johannes Alfrink
5597:Gregorio Pietro Agagianian
5426:(The Church and the World)
5292:Palmarian Christian Church
5183:Most Holy Family Monastery
4488:Traditionalist Catholicism
4368:Margry, Peter Jan (2019).
4347:Manning, Christel (1999).
2234:Palmarian Christian Church
2200:Most Holy Family Monastery
1968:
1950:
1887:in the celebration of the
1877:Fraternity of Saint Pius X
1737:
1571:liturgical de-latinization
1344:. Many refer to it as the
1282:conservative social ideals
1113:and other papal documents.
615:
596:Sociedad Sacerdotal Trento
514:
473:
408:for a more detailed list.
340:Servants of Jesus and Mary
158:, Archbishop of New York.
61:Traditionalist Catholicism
29:
6862:
6775:
6631:
6464:Transalpine Redemptorists
6145:
5924:
5696:Amleto Giovanni Cicognani
5302:Apostles of Infinite Love
5044:
4815:Louis-Marie de Blignières
4800:
4326:Jungmann, Joseph (1986).
3507:Mater Dei Catholic Parish
3029:, Society of Saint Pius X
1744:In March 2008 a group of
1511:Eastern Catholic Churches
975:Spanish American royalism
585:Oyster Bay Cove, New York
447:and has authorized local
5701:Benedetto Aloisi Masella
5491:Apostolicam actuositatem
4775:Notre-Dame de Chrétienté
4589:Pascendi Dominici gregis
3564:, 9783825848545), p. 241
3528:(Liturgical Press, 1999
2894:dufresneandcavanaugh.com
2839:Fundamentalisms Observed
2546:Allitt, Patrick (1993).
2430:Rowman & Littlefield
2344:, a similar movement in
1284:with respect to women."
1270:hatred for Jewish people
1143:
1122:denounces a teaching on
1110:Mystici corporis Christi
850:1st Viscount Bolingbroke
785:Conservative corporatism
438:Congregation for Bishops
18:Traditionalist Catholics
6587:Antônio de Castro Mayer
6483:Society of Saint Pius V
6221:François Ducaud-Bourget
6039:Society of Saint Pius X
5948:Vatican City portal
5526:Gravissimum educationis
5451:Orientalium Ecclesiarum
5256:Joaquín Sáenz y Arriaga
5084:Antônio de Castro Mayer
4562:Liturgical use of Latin
4274:Hull, Geoffrey (2010).
4204:of 17 September 1976 –
3884:2 February 2003 at the
3632:Celebration of Learning
2631:Oxford University Press
2527:www.catholicculture.org
2391:Cardinal Newman Society
2372:Independent Catholicism
2327:Eastern Orthodox Church
2309:Russian Orthodox Church
2293:Catholic fundamentalism
2211:Sedeprivationist groups
2205:Society of Saint Pius V
2184:in Park Hills, Kentucky
2162:Society of Saint Pius X
1906:Validity of holy orders
1591:Orientalium Ecclesiarum
1583:Russian Orthodox Church
1560:Russian Orthodox Church
1549:Russian Catholic Church
736:Traditional Catholicism
603:. Its bishop is Bishop
581:Society of Saint Pius X
577:Society of Saint Pius V
461:Silver City, New Mexico
418:Society of Saint Pius X
412:Society of Saint Pius X
253:Society of Saint Pius V
205:, left and founded the
182:Society of Saint Pius X
6889:Catholicism portal
6730:Second Vatican Council
6658:Catholicism portal
6566:1917 Code of Canon Law
6094:Traditional Latin Mass
6079:Ottaviani Intervention
6061:Second Vatican Council
5936:Catholicism portal
5485:(Formation of Priests)
5459:Unitatis redintegratio
5400:Sacrosanctum concilium
5378:Second Vatican Council
4636:Second Vatican Council
4538:Pontifical Commission
4206:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
4168:See especially Canons
3700:"Orientalium dignitas"
3644:Moczar, Diane (2013).
3578:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
3159:Chadwick, Kay (2000).
2397:Land O'Lakes Statement
2329:that date to the 1920s
2273:Second Vatican Council
1944:
1869:Second Vatican Council
1596:Second Vatican Council
1470:Clothing and lifestyle
1317:
1266:Second Vatican Council
1061:
865:1st Duke of Wellington
776:
595:
486:Second Vatican Council
302:
266:Other groups known as
186:Traditional Latin Mass
163:Second Vatican Council
111:view of gender roles.
77:Second Vatican Council
57:
42:
5875:Pact of the catacombs
5805:Gaudet Mater Ecclesia
5740:Other council leaders
5616:Council of Presidents
5528:(Christian Education)
5507:Presbyterorum ordinis
5231:Martín Dávila Gandara
5049:Fraternité Notre-Dame
4953:Ginés Jesús Hernández
4525:Quattuor abhinc annos
3084:"Is it so different?"
3063:. Catholicculture.org
2367:First Vatican Council
2256:Cafeteria Catholicism
2167:Fraternite Notre Dame
2099:Heralds of the Gospel
2060:with 147 priests and
1932:
1730:on 23 November 2007.
1695:Society of St. Pius X
1686:On 22 November 2006,
1634:Society of St. Pius X
1362:in the Latin language
1316:(towards the people).
1307:
1278:crucifixion of Christ
1244:(SPLC) used the term
1056:
845:1st Earl of Rochester
835:1st Earl of Clarendon
790:Divine right of kings
605:Martín Dávila Gandara
434:illicit consecrations
285:
48:
40:
6291:Florian Abrahamowicz
6277:Fernando Arêas Rifan
6179:Alfonso de Galarreta
5870:Spirit of Vatican II
5648:Enrique Pla y Deniel
5139:Guérard des Lauriers
4948:Alfonso de Galarreta
4931:but later reconciled
4895:Alexander Tschugguel
4890:Athanasius Schneider
4845:Maria-Anna Galitzine
4567:Mass of Paul VI
4554:Traditionis custodes
2432:. pp. 433–434.
2189:Sedevacantist groups
2003:improve this section
1940:ipsorum ordinationem
1839:Traditionis Custodes
1784:"elected" a new Pope
1540:Orientalium Dignitas
1405:Traditionis custodes
1354:post-Vatican II Mass
1215:National Front party
1133:bishops' conferences
6137:Summorum Pontificum
6115:Écône consecrations
5677:Cardinal Presidents
5544:(Religious Liberty)
5493:(Role of the Laity)
5453:(Eastern Catholics)
5418:(Divine Revelation)
5323:Lucian Pulvermacher
5029:Canonical situation
4998:of papal legitimacy
4996:public renunciation
4994:Independent, but no
4830:Charles A. Coulombe
4641:Écône consecrations
4547:Summorum Pontificum
4414:. Metairie: MAETA.
4143:Tornielli, Andrea.
4110:25 May 2007 at the
4085:Church Life Journal
4015:NULL (2012-03-29).
3876:, Secretary of the
3580:, 61 (1969) 546–547
3376:on 19 February 2009
3342:Summorum Pontificum
3312:Summorum Pontificum
3282:Summorum Pontificum
2765:. Scarecrow Press.
2708:Albuquerque Journal
2661:on January 31, 2009
2363:papal infallibility
2346:Mainline Protestant
2342:Confessing Movement
1959:Catholic World News
1833:Summorum Pontificum
1773:Apostolic Signatura
1764:, establishing the
1543:). Leo's successor
1410:Summorum Pontificum
1370:Summorum Pontificum
1276:in the form of the
771:Cavalier Parliament
526:heretical teachings
6752:Thục consecrations
6745:Our Lady of Palmar
6615:Carlo Maria Viganò
6573:François Charrière
6551:Syllabus of Errors
6207:Franz Schmidberger
6193:Richard Williamson
5819:Nouvelle théologie
5592:Leo Joseph Suenens
5542:Dignitatis humanae
5475:Perfectae cartatis
5261:Francis Schuckardt
5089:Richard Williamson
4910:Carlo Maria Viganò
4855:Peter Joseph Jugis
4612:Dignitatis humanae
4596:Syllabus of Errors
4251:The New York Times
4226:on 2 February 2006
4202:Episcopi qui alios
4129:2016-03-04 at the
4067:The New York Times
3764:Cyril Korolevsky,
3576:published also in
3478:. 6 September 2016
3426:Sacram communionem
3350:on 10 October 2012
3320:on 10 October 2012
3290:on 10 October 2012
3207:"Back to the Land"
2876:The Roman Catholic
2583:The New York Times
2483:Intelligence Files
2337:Anglican Communion
2056:with 368 priests,
2052:with 707 priests,
1910:The conferring of
1800:The New York Times
1788:Carlo Maria Viganò
1691:Richard Williamson
1675:In 2003, Cardinal
1600:Ukrainian diaspora
1476:complementarianism
1318:
1272:and "rejected the
1156:Dignitatis humanae
554:("while the chair/
303:
301:, Palm Sunday 2009
261:Francis Schuckardt
58:
43:
6897:
6896:
6829:
6819:
6809:
6799:
6666:
6665:
6397:St. Marys, Kansas
6333:Philippe Laguérie
6200:Davide Pagliarani
6005:
6004:
5799:Sign of the times
5770:
5769:
5726:Giuseppe Pizzardo
5686:Alfredo Ottaviani
5552:
5551:
5509:(Role of Priests)
5469:(Role of Bishops)
5344:
5343:
5340:
5339:
5336:
5335:
5269:
5268:
5157:
5156:
5097:
5096:
5067:
5066:
4980:
4979:
4976:
4975:
4880:Roberto de Mattei
4865:Philippe Laguérie
4820:Raymond Leo Burke
4654:
4653:
4185:Pope Benedict XVI
4124:Adoremus Bulletin
4042:"Habemus papam |"
3854:on 23 August 2006
3836:978-3-8258-9910-3
3816:978-3-8258-9910-3
3751:978-1-4422-4432-0
3684:978-1-59555-367-6
3655:978-1-933184-93-7
3542:978-0-8146-6163-5
3145:978-0-8158-0400-0
3122:978-0-8018-6265-6
2640:978-0-19-538202-0
2557:978-0-8014-2295-9
2439:978-0-8108-7979-9
2228:Conclavist groups
2064:with 61 priests.
2039:
2038:
2031:
1916:valid but illicit
1756:. Having elected
1575:Andrey Sheptytsky
1551:should offer the
1463:Code of Canon Law
1439:Code of Canon Law
1434:Code of Canon Law
1386:Pope John Paul II
1374:Pope Benedict XVI
1172:liberal Catholics
1086:Donald J. Sanborn
1070:Vincent of Lérins
1051:Pope Benedict XVI
1048:
1047:
885:Winston Churchill
689:Counterrevolution
470:Sedeprivationists
215:Pope Benedict XVI
16:(Redirected from
6917:
6887:
6886:
6878:
6872:
6871:
6855:
6848:
6830:
6827:
6820:
6817:
6810:
6807:
6800:
6797:
6781:
6770:
6761:
6754:
6747:
6740:
6733:
6717:
6700:Palmarian Church
6693:
6686:
6679:
6670:
6656:
6655:
6647:
6641:
6640:
6624:
6617:
6610:
6603:
6596:
6589:
6582:
6575:
6568:
6561:
6554:
6545:
6536:
6534:Council of Trent
6518:
6510:
6502:
6494:
6486:
6467:
6459:
6451:
6443:
6435:
6428:
6421:
6410:religious orders
6399:
6392:
6383:
6376:
6369:
6362:
6355:
6335:
6328:
6321:
6314:
6307:
6300:
6293:
6286:
6279:
6272:
6265:
6258:
6251:
6244:
6237:
6235:Robert Brucciani
6230:
6223:
6216:
6209:
6202:
6195:
6188:
6181:
6174:
6167:
6151:
6140:
6131:
6117:
6110:
6103:
6096:
6089:
6082:
6070:
6056:
6032:
6025:
6018:
6009:
5993:
5992:
5983:
5982:
5973:
5972:
5963:
5962:
5946:
5945:
5944:
5934:
5933:
5757:Alberto di Jorio
5663:Antonio Caggiano
5643:Francis Spellman
5623:Eugène Tisserant
5561:
5467:Christus Dominus
5402:(Sacred Liturgy)
5389:
5371:
5364:
5357:
5348:
5282:
5168:
5108:
5103:Sedeprivationist
5009:
5002:
4991:
4798:
4669:
4499:
4481:
4474:
4467:
4458:
4453:
4451:
4449:
4425:
4406:
4393:Tumultuous Times
4387:
4364:
4343:
4322:
4320:
4318:
4291:
4262:
4261:
4259:
4257:
4242:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4231:
4215:
4209:
4194:
4188:
4178:
4172:
4166:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4155:
4140:
4134:
4101:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4091:
4076:
4070:
4058:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4038:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4028:
4021:ZENIT - Italiano
4012:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4002:
3987:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3977:
3963:
3957:
3956:
3949:
3943:
3937:
3931:
3925:
3919:
3913:
3907:
3900:
3894:
3870:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3850:. Archived from
3844:
3838:
3824:
3818:
3801:
3795:
3788:
3782:
3775:
3769:
3762:
3756:
3755:
3735:
3729:
3728:
3717:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3641:
3635:
3628:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3611:America Magazine
3602:
3593:
3587:
3581:
3571:
3565:
3551:
3545:
3523:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3513:
3498:
3492:
3491:
3485:
3483:
3468:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3446:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3420:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3409:
3392:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3366:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3336:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3306:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3240:
3234:
3233:(emphasis added)
3228:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3202:
3196:
3190:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3156:
3150:
3149:
3131:
3125:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3057:
3051:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3020:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3000:
2994:
2993:
2979:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2959:. Archived from
2953:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2931:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2834:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2795:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2756:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2622:
2613:
2612:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2573:
2562:
2561:
2543:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2502:America Magazine
2493:
2487:
2475:
2452:
2451:
2426:Lanham, Maryland
2418:"Traditionalism"
2413:
2121:also called the
2034:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2014:
1983:
1975:
1782:The UOGCC later
1455:Women wearing a
1342:Traditional Mass
1040:
1033:
1026:
909:
880:G. K. Chesterton
860:3rd Earl of Bute
840:Roger L'Estrange
824:
781:
760:
673:
664:
653:
637:
598:
476:Sedeprivationism
424:, by Archbishop
399:Le Barroux Abbey
243:, which teaches
226:sedeprivationist
198:latae sententiae
156:Francis Spellman
120:sedeprivationism
21:
6925:
6924:
6920:
6919:
6918:
6916:
6915:
6914:
6900:
6899:
6898:
6893:
6881:
6866:
6858:
6851:
6844:
6833:
6823:
6813:
6803:
6793:
6782:
6773:
6764:
6757:
6750:
6743:
6736:
6720:
6715:Catholic Church
6713:
6702:
6697:
6667:
6662:
6650:
6635:
6627:
6620:
6613:
6606:
6599:
6592:
6585:
6578:
6571:
6564:
6557:
6548:
6539:
6532:
6521:
6515:SSPX Resistance
6513:
6505:
6497:
6489:
6481:
6470:
6462:
6454:
6446:
6438:
6431:
6424:
6417:
6409:
6408:SSPX-affiliated
6402:
6395:
6386:
6379:
6372:
6365:
6358:
6349:
6338:
6331:
6324:
6317:
6310:
6303:
6296:
6289:
6282:
6275:
6268:
6261:
6254:
6247:
6240:
6233:
6226:
6219:
6214:Niklaus Pfluger
6212:
6205:
6198:
6191:
6184:
6177:
6170:
6165:Marcel Lefebvre
6163:
6152:
6143:
6134:
6120:
6113:
6106:
6099:
6092:
6085:
6075:Novus Ordo Mass
6073:
6059:
6052:
6041:
6036:
6006:
6001:
5942:
5940:
5928:
5920:
5889:
5853:
5849:Mass of Paul VI
5766:
5735:
5678:
5672:
5658:Ernesto Ruffini
5628:Achille Liénart
5611:
5607:Giacomo Lercaro
5580:
5548:
5513:
5430:
5424:Gaudium et spes
5380:
5375:
5345:
5332:
5318:Joseph Odermatt
5306:
5276:
5265:
5216:Daniel Q. Brown
5199:
5153:
5127:
5093:
5079:Marcel Lefebvre
5063:
5040:
4997:
4995:
4986:
4972:
4930:
4924:
4870:Taylor Marshall
4805:Mother Angelica
4789:
4741:
4725:
4676:
4664:Catholic Church
4662:
4660:
4650:
4624:
4571:
4514:Tridentine Mass
4490:
4485:
4447:
4445:
4443:
4428:
4422:
4409:
4403:
4390:
4384:
4367:
4361:
4346:
4340:
4325:
4316:
4314:
4312:
4294:
4288:
4273:
4270:
4268:Further reading
4265:
4255:
4253:
4244:
4243:
4239:
4229:
4227:
4217:
4216:
4212:
4208:1976, page 623.
4195:
4191:
4179:
4175:
4167:
4163:
4153:
4151:
4142:
4141:
4137:
4131:Wayback Machine
4112:Wayback Machine
4102:
4098:
4089:
4087:
4078:
4077:
4073:
4059:
4055:
4046:
4044:
4040:
4039:
4035:
4026:
4024:
4014:
4013:
4009:
4000:
3998:
3989:
3988:
3984:
3975:
3973:
3965:
3964:
3960:
3951:
3950:
3946:
3938:
3934:
3926:
3922:
3914:
3910:
3901:
3897:
3890:Marcel Lefebvre
3886:Wayback Machine
3871:
3867:
3857:
3855:
3846:
3845:
3841:
3825:
3821:
3802:
3798:
3789:
3785:
3776:
3772:
3763:
3759:
3752:
3737:
3736:
3732:
3719:
3718:
3714:
3704:
3702:
3697:
3696:
3692:
3685:
3677:. p. 126.
3668:
3667:
3663:
3656:
3643:
3642:
3638:
3629:
3625:
3615:
3613:
3604:
3603:
3596:
3588:
3584:
3572:
3568:
3552:
3548:
3524:
3520:
3511:
3509:
3500:
3499:
3495:
3481:
3479:
3470:
3469:
3465:
3455:
3453:
3448:
3447:
3443:
3433:
3431:
3422:
3421:
3417:
3407:
3405:
3394:
3393:
3389:
3379:
3377:
3368:
3367:
3363:
3353:
3351:
3338:
3337:
3333:
3323:
3321:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3293:
3291:
3278:
3277:
3273:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3229:
3225:
3215:
3213:
3211:Tablet Magazine
3204:
3203:
3199:
3191:
3187:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3158:
3157:
3153:
3146:
3133:
3132:
3128:
3105:
3101:
3092:
3090:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3066:
3064:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3045:
3041:
3032:
3030:
3022:
3021:
3017:
3009:
3002:
3001:
2997:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2966:
2964:
2963:on 15 July 2007
2955:
2954:
2950:
2940:
2938:
2933:
2932:
2928:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2911:
2907:
2898:
2896:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2836:
2835:
2826:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2797:
2796:
2787:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2758:
2757:
2748:
2739:
2737:
2728:
2727:
2723:
2713:
2711:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2664:
2662:
2653:
2652:
2648:
2641:
2633:. p. 180.
2624:
2623:
2616:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2588:
2586:
2575:
2574:
2565:
2558:
2545:
2544:
2540:
2531:
2529:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2506:
2504:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2476:
2455:
2440:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2359:Old Catholicism
2355:
2323:Catacomb Church
2319:Old Calendarism
2301:
2288:Tridentine Mass
2278:Mass of Paul VI
2252:
2247:
2230:
2213:
2191:
2158:
2070:
2035:
2024:
2018:
2015:
2000:
1984:
1973:
1967:
1955:
1949:
1908:
1873:Marcel Lefebvre
1851:
1819:
1742:
1736:
1715:excommunication
1658:
1604:Ivano-Frankivsk
1527:
1507:
1472:
1461:which the 1917
1418:
1338:Tridentine Mass
1328:had before the
1324:liturgy of the
1302:
1294:
1231:Philippe Pétain
1227:Charles Maurras
1184:
1146:
1078:
1044:
1015:
1014:
1010:Veronese Easter
910:
907:
900:
899:
875:Stanley Baldwin
825:
822:
815:
814:
805:Oxford Movement
761:
758:
751:
750:
725:Noblesse oblige
709:Interventionism
674:
672:Characteristics
671:
651:
642:Politics series
635:
620:
614:
567:Omaha, Nebraska
519:
513:
490:Pope John XXIII
478:
472:
455:celebration of
432:in 1988, after
428:. Lefebvre was
426:Marcel Lefebvre
414:
308:
287:Tridentine Mass
280:
278:Different types
272:post-Vatican II
245:Pope John XXIII
194:excommunication
178:Marcel Lefebvre
152:Lawrence Shehan
144:
109:complementarian
89:Mass of Paul VI
81:Tridentine Mass
73:Catholic Church
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6923:
6921:
6913:
6912:
6902:
6901:
6895:
6894:
6892:
6891:
6879:
6863:
6860:
6859:
6857:
6856:
6849:
6841:
6839:
6835:
6834:
6832:
6831:
6828:(2016–present)
6821:
6811:
6801:
6790:
6788:
6784:
6783:
6776:
6774:
6772:
6771:
6762:
6755:
6748:
6741:
6734:
6722:Great Apostasy
6718:
6710:
6708:
6704:
6703:
6698:
6696:
6695:
6688:
6681:
6673:
6664:
6663:
6661:
6660:
6648:
6632:
6629:
6628:
6626:
6625:
6618:
6611:
6604:
6597:
6590:
6583:
6580:Michael Davies
6576:
6569:
6562:
6555:
6546:
6537:
6529:
6527:
6523:
6522:
6520:
6519:
6511:
6503:
6495:
6487:
6478:
6476:
6472:
6471:
6469:
6468:
6460:
6452:
6444:
6436:
6429:
6422:
6414:
6412:
6404:
6403:
6401:
6400:
6393:
6384:
6377:
6370:
6363:
6356:
6346:
6344:
6340:
6339:
6337:
6336:
6329:
6326:Clarence Kelly
6322:
6315:
6308:
6301:
6298:Paul Aulagnier
6294:
6287:
6284:Donald Sanborn
6280:
6273:
6270:Licínio Rangel
6266:
6263:Anthony Cekada
6259:
6252:
6245:
6238:
6231:
6224:
6217:
6210:
6203:
6196:
6189:
6186:Bernard Fellay
6182:
6175:
6168:
6160:
6158:
6154:
6153:
6146:
6144:
6142:
6141:
6132:
6118:
6111:
6104:
6097:
6090:
6083:
6071:
6057:
6049:
6047:
6043:
6042:
6037:
6035:
6034:
6027:
6020:
6012:
6003:
6002:
6000:
5999:
5998:
5997:
5987:
5977:
5957:
5951:
5950:
5938:
5925:
5922:
5921:
5919:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5897:
5895:
5891:
5890:
5888:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5865:Bologna School
5861:
5859:
5855:
5854:
5852:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5829:
5822:
5815:
5808:
5801:
5796:
5789:
5784:
5778:
5776:
5772:
5771:
5768:
5767:
5765:
5764:
5762:Pericle Felici
5759:
5754:
5749:
5743:
5741:
5737:
5736:
5734:
5733:
5731:Fernando Cento
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5711:Valerio Valeri
5708:
5706:Pietro Ciriaci
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5682:
5680:
5679:of commissions
5674:
5673:
5671:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5619:
5617:
5613:
5612:
5610:
5609:
5604:
5602:Julius Döpfner
5599:
5594:
5588:
5586:
5582:
5581:
5579:
5578:
5573:
5567:
5565:
5558:
5554:
5553:
5550:
5549:
5547:
5546:
5538:
5530:
5521:
5519:
5515:
5514:
5512:
5511:
5503:
5495:
5487:
5483:Optatam totius
5479:
5471:
5463:
5455:
5447:
5443:Inter mirifica
5438:
5436:
5432:
5431:
5429:
5428:
5420:
5412:
5404:
5395:
5393:
5386:
5382:
5381:
5376:
5374:
5373:
5366:
5359:
5351:
5342:
5341:
5338:
5337:
5334:
5333:
5331:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5314:
5312:
5308:
5307:
5305:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5288:
5286:
5279:
5277:or Mysticalist
5271:
5270:
5267:
5266:
5264:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5251:Mark Pivarunas
5248:
5246:Clarence Kelly
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5226:Anthony Cekada
5223:
5221:Moisés Carmona
5218:
5213:
5207:
5205:
5201:
5200:
5198:
5197:
5192:
5191:
5190:
5180:
5174:
5172:
5165:
5159:
5158:
5155:
5154:
5152:
5151:
5149:Donald Sanborn
5146:
5144:Robert McKenna
5141:
5135:
5133:
5129:
5128:
5126:
5125:
5120:
5114:
5112:
5105:
5099:
5098:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5075:
5073:
5069:
5068:
5065:
5064:
5062:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5045:
5042:
5041:
5039:
5038:
5037:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5015:
5013:
5006:
4999:
4988:
4982:
4981:
4978:
4977:
4974:
4973:
4971:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4958:Licínio Rangel
4955:
4950:
4945:
4943:Bernard Fellay
4940:
4938:Leonard Feeney
4934:
4932:
4929:Excommunicated
4926:
4925:
4923:
4922:
4920:John Zuhlsdorf
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4885:Chad Ripperger
4882:
4877:
4875:Malachi Martin
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4850:Wilhelm Imkamp
4847:
4842:
4837:
4835:Michael Davies
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4810:Paul Aulagnier
4807:
4801:
4795:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4770:Militia Templi
4767:
4762:
4757:
4751:
4749:
4743:
4742:
4740:
4739:
4733:
4731:
4727:
4726:
4724:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4682:
4680:
4666:
4656:
4655:
4652:
4651:
4649:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4632:
4630:
4626:
4625:
4623:
4622:
4621:
4620:
4615:
4601:
4600:
4599:
4592:
4579:
4577:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4558:
4557:
4550:
4543:
4535:
4528:
4521:
4516:
4505:
4503:
4496:
4492:
4491:
4486:
4484:
4483:
4476:
4469:
4461:
4455:
4454:
4441:
4426:
4420:
4407:
4401:
4388:
4382:
4365:
4359:
4344:
4338:
4323:
4310:
4296:Jarvis, Edward
4292:
4286:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4237:
4210:
4189:
4173:
4161:
4135:
4096:
4071:
4053:
4033:
4007:
3982:
3958:
3944:
3932:
3920:
3908:
3895:
3865:
3839:
3819:
3796:
3783:
3770:
3757:
3750:
3730:
3712:
3690:
3683:
3661:
3654:
3636:
3623:
3594:
3582:
3566:
3546:
3518:
3493:
3463:
3441:
3424:"Motu proprio
3415:
3387:
3361:
3331:
3301:
3271:
3266:www.vatican.va
3253:
3248:www.vatican.va
3235:
3223:
3197:
3185:
3171:
3151:
3144:
3126:
3099:
3088:Where Peter Is
3074:
3052:
3039:
3015:
2995:
2974:
2948:
2926:
2905:
2881:
2862:
2848:
2824:
2810:
2785:
2771:
2746:
2721:
2693:
2672:
2646:
2639:
2614:
2609:www.vatican.va
2596:
2563:
2556:
2538:
2514:
2488:
2453:
2438:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2394:
2388:
2380:
2374:
2369:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2339:
2330:
2315:True Orthodoxy
2312:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2258:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2236:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2152:
2146:
2141:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2069:
2066:
2037:
2036:
1987:
1985:
1978:
1969:Main article:
1966:
1965:List of groups
1963:
1948:
1945:
1907:
1904:
1891:and the other
1881:full communion
1850:
1844:
1818:
1815:
1738:Main article:
1735:
1732:
1677:Liubomyr Huzar
1657:
1654:
1553:Divine Liturgy
1526:
1523:
1506:
1503:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1452:
1451:) as an abuse.
1442:
1427:Holy Communion
1417:
1414:
1314:versus populum
1301:
1298:
1293:
1290:
1258:excommunicated
1235:French Algeria
1211:National Front
1199:anti-Communist
1183:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1115:
1114:
1084:Sedevacantist
1077:
1074:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1042:
1035:
1028:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
985:Tory socialism
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
911:
908:Related topics
906:
905:
902:
901:
898:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
855:Samuel Johnson
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
826:
821:
820:
817:
816:
813:
812:
807:
802:
797:
795:Family Compact
792:
787:
782:
778:Château Clique
773:
768:
762:
759:General topics
757:
756:
753:
752:
749:
748:
743:
738:
733:
731:Traditionalism
728:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
691:
686:
681:
675:
670:
669:
666:
665:
657:
656:
646:
645:
634:
631:
616:Main article:
613:
610:
609:
608:
601:Moisés Carmona
592:
589:Clarence Kelly
574:
571:Mark Pivarunas
522:Sedevacantists
515:Main article:
512:
511:Sedevacantists
509:
508:
507:
504:Donald Sanborn
500:
474:Main article:
471:
468:
413:
410:
402:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
372:
371:
365:
360:
355:
349:
343:
337:
331:
325:
324:(ICRSS, ICKSP)
319:
307:
304:
279:
276:
211:full communion
171:Robert McKenna
143:
140:
128:full communion
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6922:
6911:
6908:
6907:
6905:
6890:
6885:
6880:
6877:
6876:
6865:
6864:
6861:
6854:
6850:
6847:
6843:
6842:
6840:
6836:
6826:
6822:
6816:
6815:Gregory XVIII
6812:
6806:
6802:
6796:
6792:
6791:
6789:
6785:
6780:
6769:
6768:
6763:
6760:
6756:
6753:
6749:
6746:
6742:
6739:
6735:
6731:
6727:
6723:
6719:
6716:
6712:
6711:
6709:
6705:
6701:
6694:
6689:
6687:
6682:
6680:
6675:
6674:
6671:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6646:
6645:
6634:
6633:
6630:
6623:
6619:
6616:
6612:
6609:
6608:Vitus Huonder
6605:
6602:
6598:
6595:
6594:Salvador Lazo
6591:
6588:
6584:
6581:
6577:
6574:
6570:
6567:
6563:
6560:
6556:
6553:
6552:
6547:
6544:
6543:
6538:
6535:
6531:
6530:
6528:
6524:
6516:
6512:
6508:
6504:
6500:
6496:
6492:
6488:
6484:
6480:
6479:
6477:
6473:
6465:
6461:
6457:
6453:
6449:
6445:
6441:
6437:
6434:
6430:
6427:
6423:
6420:
6416:
6415:
6413:
6411:
6405:
6398:
6394:
6391:
6390:
6385:
6382:
6378:
6375:
6371:
6368:
6364:
6361:
6357:
6354:
6353:
6348:
6347:
6345:
6341:
6334:
6330:
6327:
6323:
6320:
6316:
6313:
6309:
6306:
6302:
6299:
6295:
6292:
6288:
6285:
6281:
6278:
6274:
6271:
6267:
6264:
6260:
6257:
6253:
6250:
6246:
6243:
6239:
6236:
6232:
6229:
6225:
6222:
6218:
6215:
6211:
6208:
6204:
6201:
6197:
6194:
6190:
6187:
6183:
6180:
6176:
6173:
6169:
6166:
6162:
6161:
6159:
6155:
6150:
6139:
6138:
6133:
6129:
6125:
6124:
6119:
6116:
6112:
6109:
6105:
6102:
6098:
6095:
6091:
6088:
6084:
6080:
6076:
6072:
6068:
6067:
6062:
6058:
6055:
6051:
6050:
6048:
6044:
6040:
6033:
6028:
6026:
6021:
6019:
6014:
6013:
6010:
5996:
5988:
5986:
5978:
5976:
5968:
5967:
5966:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5952:
5949:
5939:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5926:
5923:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5906:Sedevacantism
5904:
5902:
5899:
5898:
5896:
5892:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5862:
5860:
5856:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5834:
5830:
5828:
5827:
5823:
5821:
5820:
5816:
5814:
5813:
5809:
5807:
5806:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5794:
5793:Aggiornamento
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5779:
5777:
5773:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5752:Gustavo Testa
5750:
5748:
5745:
5744:
5742:
5738:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5691:Paolo Marella
5689:
5687:
5684:
5683:
5681:
5675:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5638:Norman Gilroy
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5620:
5618:
5614:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5589:
5587:
5583:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5568:
5566:
5562:
5559:
5555:
5545:
5543:
5539:
5537:
5535:
5534:Nostra aetate
5531:
5529:
5527:
5523:
5522:
5520:
5516:
5510:
5508:
5504:
5502:
5500:
5496:
5494:
5492:
5488:
5486:
5484:
5480:
5478:
5476:
5472:
5470:
5468:
5464:
5462:
5460:
5456:
5454:
5452:
5448:
5446:
5444:
5440:
5439:
5437:
5433:
5427:
5425:
5421:
5419:
5417:
5413:
5411:
5409:
5408:Lumen gentium
5405:
5403:
5401:
5397:
5396:
5394:
5392:Constitutions
5390:
5387:
5383:
5379:
5372:
5367:
5365:
5360:
5358:
5353:
5352:
5349:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5315:
5313:
5309:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5289:
5287:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5272:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5241:Hutton Gibson
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5208:
5206:
5202:
5196:
5193:
5189:
5186:
5185:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5175:
5173:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5163:Sedevacantist
5160:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5130:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5100:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5076:
5074:
5070:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5046:
5043:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5021:
5020:
5017:
5016:
5014:
5010:
5007:
5003:
5000:
4992:
4989:
4983:
4969:
4968:Ngô Đình Thục
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4935:
4933:
4927:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4840:Gommar DePauw
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4825:Gérard Calvet
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4802:
4799:
4796:
4792:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4748:
4744:
4738:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4730:Jurisdictions
4728:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4679:
4674:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4657:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4627:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4613:
4609:
4608:
4607:
4606:
4602:
4598:
4597:
4593:
4591:
4590:
4586:
4585:
4584:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4574:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4556:
4555:
4551:
4549:
4548:
4544:
4542:
4541:
4536:
4534:
4533:
4529:
4527:
4526:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4511:
4510:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4500:
4497:
4493:
4489:
4482:
4477:
4475:
4470:
4468:
4463:
4462:
4459:
4444:
4442:9780253209993
4438:
4434:
4433:
4427:
4423:
4417:
4413:
4408:
4404:
4398:
4394:
4389:
4385:
4383:9780198792550
4379:
4375:
4371:
4366:
4362:
4356:
4352:
4351:
4345:
4341:
4335:
4331:
4330:
4324:
4313:
4311:9781949643022
4307:
4303:
4302:
4297:
4293:
4289:
4287:9780567442208
4283:
4279:
4278:
4272:
4271:
4267:
4252:
4248:
4241:
4238:
4225:
4221:
4214:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4193:
4190:
4186:
4182:
4177:
4174:
4171:
4165:
4162:
4150:
4146:
4139:
4136:
4132:
4128:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4106:
4100:
4097:
4086:
4082:
4075:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4063:
4057:
4054:
4043:
4037:
4034:
4022:
4018:
4011:
4008:
3996:
3992:
3986:
3983:
3972:
3968:
3962:
3959:
3954:
3948:
3945:
3941:
3936:
3933:
3929:
3924:
3921:
3917:
3912:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3896:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3869:
3866:
3853:
3849:
3843:
3840:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3823:
3820:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3800:
3797:
3793:
3787:
3784:
3780:
3774:
3771:
3767:
3761:
3758:
3753:
3747:
3743:
3742:
3734:
3731:
3726:
3722:
3716:
3713:
3701:
3694:
3691:
3686:
3680:
3676:
3675:Thomas Nelson
3672:
3665:
3662:
3657:
3651:
3647:
3640:
3637:
3633:
3627:
3624:
3612:
3608:
3601:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3586:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3570:
3567:
3563:
3562:3-8258-4854-X
3559:
3555:
3550:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3534:0-8146-6163-7
3531:
3527:
3522:
3519:
3508:
3504:
3497:
3494:
3490:
3477:
3473:
3467:
3464:
3451:
3445:
3442:
3429:
3427:
3419:
3416:
3404:
3403:
3398:
3391:
3388:
3375:
3371:
3365:
3362:
3349:
3345:
3343:
3335:
3332:
3319:
3315:
3313:
3305:
3302:
3289:
3285:
3283:
3275:
3272:
3267:
3263:
3257:
3254:
3249:
3245:
3239:
3236:
3232:
3227:
3224:
3212:
3208:
3201:
3198:
3194:
3189:
3186:
3174:
3172:9780853239741
3168:
3164:
3163:
3155:
3152:
3147:
3141:
3137:
3130:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3114:0-8018-6265-5
3111:
3108:
3103:
3100:
3089:
3085:
3078:
3075:
3062:
3056:
3053:
3049:
3043:
3040:
3028:
3027:
3019:
3016:
3008:
3007:
2999:
2996:
2991:
2990:
2985:
2978:
2975:
2962:
2958:
2952:
2949:
2936:
2930:
2927:
2915:
2909:
2906:
2895:
2891:
2885:
2882:
2877:
2873:
2866:
2863:
2851:
2849:9780226508788
2845:
2841:
2840:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2825:
2813:
2807:
2803:
2802:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2774:
2772:9780810879799
2768:
2764:
2763:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2747:
2736:
2732:
2725:
2722:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2697:
2694:
2682:
2676:
2673:
2660:
2656:
2650:
2647:
2642:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2610:
2606:
2600:
2597:
2585:
2584:
2579:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2559:
2553:
2549:
2542:
2539:
2528:
2524:
2518:
2515:
2503:
2499:
2492:
2489:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2454:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2412:
2409:
2403:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2348:denominations
2347:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2306:
2305:Old Believers
2303:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2283:Sedevacantism
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2244:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2046:
2044:
2033:
2030:
2022:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1988:This section
1986:
1982:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1954:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1928:
1924:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1885:Latin liturgy
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1801:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1786:, Archbishop
1785:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1741:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1724:
1723:
1720:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1684:
1682:
1678:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1620:Patriayarkhat
1615:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1592:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1567:
1565:
1564:Old Believers
1561:
1557:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1537:, encyclical
1536:
1535:Pope Leo XIII
1532:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1495:head covering
1491:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1477:
1469:
1464:
1460:
1458:
1453:
1450:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1406:
1400:
1398:
1397:later edition
1394:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1315:
1311:
1306:
1299:
1297:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1181:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1151:
1150:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1105:Pope Pius XII
1102:
1101:
1100:Lumen gentium
1096:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1073:
1071:
1066:
1060:
1055:
1052:
1041:
1036:
1034:
1029:
1027:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1018:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
912:
904:
903:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
830:Robert Filmer
828:
827:
819:
818:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
780:
779:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
763:
755:
754:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
726:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
699:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
676:
668:
667:
663:
659:
658:
655:
654:
647:
643:
639:
638:
632:
630:
628:
624:
619:
611:
606:
602:
597:
593:
590:
586:
582:
578:
575:
572:
568:
564:
561:
560:
559:
557:
553:
552:
547:
546:sedevacantism
543:
542:sedevacantist
538:
536:
532:
527:
523:
518:
517:Sedevacantism
510:
505:
501:
498:
495:
494:
493:
491:
487:
483:
477:
469:
467:
464:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
411:
409:
407:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
376:
375:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
353:
350:
347:
344:
341:
338:
335:
332:
329:
326:
323:
320:
317:
314:
313:
312:
305:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
277:
275:
273:
269:
264:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
241:sedevacantism
237:
235:
231:
227:
223:
218:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
174:
172:
168:
164:
159:
157:
153:
149:
148:Gommar DePauw
141:
139:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
116:sedevacantism
112:
110:
106:
102:
98:
92:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
56:
52:
49:Altar in the
47:
39:
33:
19:
6873:
6795:Gregory XVII
6765:
6737:
6642:
6549:
6540:
6466:(until 2008)
6458:(until 2002)
6450:(until 1989)
6442:(until 1988)
6387:
6350:
6312:Daniel Dolan
6305:David Bawden
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6242:Paul Morgan
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