778:
786:
46:
33:
1281:, from which the plant derives its alternative name of oyster plant. The outer layers can be scraped off, with the root dipped in cold water to preserve its colour. If too tough for eating, they can be boiled with a pinch of baking soda and a change of water. Raw young roots can be grated for use in salads, but older roots are better cooked. They can be added to soups, stews or stir-fries. Salsify
989:, rod-shaped with light ribs. They have hairs at one end that facilitate wind dispersal. The achenes are 10–17 mm long and 1–3 mm wide without counting the beak, which is up to 55 mm in length. When the fruits are formed fully, the hairs from the fruits give the appearance of a ball of fluff which gives the plant its name "goatsbeard".
1066:. It should be done at the depth of 1.3 to 2 cm. Spacing between rows should be around 45 to 60 cm and the seeds should be separated by 3 cm approximately. This represent 12 g of seeds per 10 m of row for the cultivar 'Mammoth Sandwich Island'. A thinning to 5 cm between the plants is needed when the seedlings reach 5 cm.
1032:
Cultivated varieties include 'White French', 'Gian French', 'Mammoth
Sandwich Island', 'Improved Mammoth Sandwich Island', 'Blauetikett', and 'Lüthy'; they are generally characterised by larger or better-shaped roots. To maintain the purity of the cultivar a distance of 500 ft (150 m) has
1112:
The taproots are usually harvested from late autumn onwards (later than
October in the Northern Hemisphere) and during winter. Harvesting after a frost is favoured to improve the taste of the root. After flowering, the taproot becomes stringy and inedible. The taproots can be stored in traditional
1103:
is a biennial plant. In the first year only the vegetative parts of the plant are developed. In autumn, the energy is stored in the root system, which is depending on the variety more or less branched. In the second season the generative purple flowers evolve. They bloom from early to mid summer.
2116:
Spina, Michele; Cuccioloni, Massimiliano; Sparapani, Luca; Acciarri, Stefano; Eleuteri, Anna Maria; Fioretti, Evandro; Angeletti, Mauro (2008). "Comparative evaluation of flavonoid content in assessing quality of wild and cultivated vegetables for human consumption".
1037:
is grown for seed, it is harvested in the second season from midsummer to early autumn to select for bolt resistance. The root becomes discoloured and spoils quickly if broken, which can easily happen since it is difficult to remove from the soil without damage.
1483:
National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.).
1070:
needs deep and loose soils which are not too dry for a good development of the taproot. Stony or waterlogged soils have negative effects on yields and hamper harvesting. Other root crops, legumes and cereals have been mentioned as possible preculture.
1017:. In the United Kingdom it was initially grown for its flower and later became a mildly popular vegetable in the 18th century but then declined in popularity. Presently the root is cultivated and eaten most frequently in France, Germany, Italy and
2160:
1276:
The plant is edible, but the roots and leaves are most palatable when collected before the flower stalk is produced. The root is noted for having a mild taste when uncooked, described as like asparagus or
1087:, but they have been successfully cultivated in temperate climate zones. The seedlings need a temperature of 8–16 °C to germinate and the plant will freeze between −1.1 and −1.6 °C.
1005:
can be eaten (after being boiled). The freshly grown leaves can be eaten cooked or raw. Historically, the plant was cultivated for that purpose; it is mentioned by classical authors such as
1058:
can be done in late summer or early winter to foster an early growth. Planting can also be done in early spring about 100 days before the first frosts in a well prepared soil, preferably a
768:
1075:
is a moderate feeder, therefore the application of fresh manure does not benefit yields. During the main growing period a good water supply prevents potential branching of the taproot.
1163:) are also found to be hosts of this fungus. At an early stage chlorotic spotting is visible on leaves and stems. These develop during the course of disease into small white blisters.
1879:
Bildatlas Samen : Getreide, Pseudocerealien, Gemüse, Ölpflanzen, Eiweißpflanzen, Grünlandpflanzen, Gründüngung, Faserpflanzen, Farbstoffpflanzen, Arzneipflanzen, Gewürzpflanzen
946:
it can be found in bloom from April. The flower head is about 5 cm (2 in) across and each is surrounded by green bracts which are longer than the petals (technically, the
1462:
2519:
2119:
2718:
2581:
915:
species, its stem is largely unbranched and the leaves are somewhat grasslike. It exudes a milky juice from the stems. The taproots can become 15–30 cm (6–
2457:
2532:
2470:
2358:
2679:
2617:
2067:
2023:
1952:
1920:
1886:
1729:
1671:
1643:
1584:
1495:
2599:
2825:
2392:
2353:
1609:
1490:. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US).
2820:
1912:
Working Groups of
Agricultural PlantGenetic Resources (APGRs) in Nepal. Proceedings of National Workshop, 21−22 June 2018, Kathmandu
1760:
1697:
1454:
2506:
2754:
1542:
2658:
1292:, either raw or cooked and the flowers can be added to salad, while the sprouted seeds can be used in salads or sandwiches.
2537:
1852:
1509:
2568:
1530:
1450:
1200:) as cover crops reduces the number of fungi infecting seedlings and roots. The following fungi have been isolated from
2011:
Wildflowers of Oregon: A Field Guide to Over 400 Wildflowers, Trees, and Shrubs of the Coast, Cascades, and High Desert
2705:
2284:
1978:"The biology of Canadian weeds. 110. Tragopogon dubius Scop., Tragopogon pratensis L., and Tragopogon porrifolius L."
1798:
808:
and edible root. It also grows wild in many places and is one of the most widely known species of the salsify genus,
45:
2759:
2692:
2265:
2586:
1401:
2815:
2810:
2622:
2154:
Soltis, Pamela S.; Liu, Xiaoxian; Marchant, D. Blaine; Visger, Clayton J.; Soltis, Douglas E. (5 August 2014).
1236:
2697:
1245:
1117:
although refrigerated storage has been recommended at 0 °C and 90–95% relative humidity for 2–4 months.
2444:
2449:
2423:
2418:
2319:
2227:
1196:
764:
1184:
1172:
2436:
2216:
1397:
846:
626:
162:
2475:
2299:
1178:
755:
2609:
2366:
1636:
The manual of seed saving: harvesting, storing and sowing techniques for vegetables, herbs and fruits
1206:
1147:
1141:
952:
678:
639:
2805:
2059:
1131:
2560:
777:
2777:
2431:
2345:
1230:
1218:
876:
613:
593:
416:
186:
40:
2769:
2684:
2091:
785:
2524:
2643:
2327:
2195:
2177:
2136:
2073:
2063:
2029:
2019:
1958:
1948:
1916:
1882:
1756:
1725:
1693:
1667:
1639:
1605:
1580:
1501:
1491:
1362:
1212:
1159:
691:
504:
2648:
2498:
2185:
2169:
2128:
1988:
521:
2630:
1748:
1022:
1006:
83:
32:
767:
for adults, except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from
2666:
2410:
2190:
2155:
998:
872:
70:
2723:
2671:
1428:
2799:
1910:
1827:
1346:
1167:
1114:
971:
896:
888:
880:
372:
178:
2782:
2332:
2015:
1354:
1296:
1252:
When the roots are left in the ground over winter, mice and voles may nibble them.
1190:
358:
2710:
2289:
2276:
2746:
2573:
2555:
2547:
2483:
2259:
1776:
1659:
1265:
1224:
342:
1485:
2033:
1546:
1343:
1328:
1316:
1312:
943:
810:
665:
538:
487:
139:
129:
2397:
2250:
2181:
2140:
2077:
1962:
1753:
The
Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers, Eastern Region
1577:
Bekannte und vergessene Gemüse : Ethnobotanik, Heilkunde und
Anwendungen
1349:
which are under preliminary research for their potential biological effects.
2405:
2379:
1324:
1320:
1289:
1063:
652:
571:
119:
2199:
2173:
2009:
1505:
2736:
2055:
Edible Wild Plants: A North
American Field Guide to Over 200 Natural Foods
2053:
911:
The plant grows to around 1.2 m (4 ft) in height. As with other
2731:
2594:
2309:
2244:
1282:
470:
109:
96:
2635:
1386:
942:
In the UK it flowers from May to
September, but in warmer areas such as
2462:
2340:
1308:
1300:
1153:
1047:
884:
450:
2161:
Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
2132:
2488:
1358:
1278:
1091:
can cope with low temperatures and is not injured by light freezing.
1055:
1051:
1018:
1010:
986:
979:
975:
947:
900:
892:
805:
554:
2221:
1993:
1977:
842:(although these last two names are also applied to other species).
2511:
2384:
1976:
Clements, David R.; Upadhyaya, Mahesh K.; Bos, Shelley J. (1999).
1261:
1014:
784:
776:
57:
1783:(1st ed.). Canada: J. M. Dent & Sons. pp. 153, 196.
1307:(table). In a 100 gram reference amount, raw salsify supplies 82
1083:
There are no specific requirements known for the cultivation of
1059:
899:, it is now found growing wild in almost every state, including
853:
793:
704:
2371:
2225:
1304:
1243:
When the rows are planted too close together, powdery mildew (
392:
875:
wildflower, native to southeast Europe and north Africa, but
1945:
Fruit and vegetables : harvesting, handling and storage
1688:
Blamey, Marjorie; Fitter, Richard; Fitter, Alistair (2003).
1666:(3rd ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
1021:. However, in modern times it has tended to be replaced by
1722:
Handbuch Bio-Gemüse: Sortenvielfalt für den eigenen Garten
1455:"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"
1046:
Salsify is grown similarly to other root vegetables like
1806:
University of
Illinois: Agricultural Experiment Station
1799:"Vegetables for a farmer's garden in northern Illinois"
1285:(alone or including potato) is recommended with fish.
1009:. Cultivation in Europe began in the 16th century in
2234:
1430:
The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species
740:
728:
703:
690:
677:
664:
651:
638:
625:
612:
591:
570:
553:
537:
520:
503:
486:
469:
448:
413:
389:
371:
355:
341:
336:
1487:Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium
1188:. Mulching with oats and the use of spring vetch (
950:of the ray flowers). The flowers are like that of
1915:. National Agriculture Genetic Resources Center.
603:
460:
1947:(Third ed.). Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
1781:Trees, Shrubs and Flowers to Know in Washington
956:, but are larger and dull purple, 3–5 cm (
2120:Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
1539:Historical Common Names of Great Plains Plants
1099:The seeds need 8–10 days of germination time.
337:Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
2052:Elias, Thomas S.; Dykeman, Peter A. (2009) .
1720:Heistinger, Andrea; Lerch, Franziska (2010).
1692:. London: A & C Black. pp. 294–295.
8:
331:
2156:"Polyploidy and novelty: Gottlieb's legacy"
2222:
1743:
1741:
1451:United States Food and Drug Administration
430:
330:
31:
20:
2189:
1992:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
804:is a plant cultivated for its ornamental
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1374:
1264:derived from the root can be used as a
1909:Joshi, Bal Krishna; Shrestha, Renuka.
1904:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1846:
1844:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1288:The flowering shoots can be used like
1166:Occasional problems are reported with
2047:
2045:
2043:
1792:
1790:
1139:. Closely related wild species (e.g.
1054:and thus requires similar attention.
7:
2760:6fdf44fa-080b-40ba-988d-43dced676bc0
2610:0eaa0f2c-c3d2-468d-9d4b-75d26d8a1d8b
1604:. United Kingdom: Mitchell Beazley.
970:–2 in) across. The flowers are
903:, except in the extreme south-east.
1690:Wild Flowers of Britain and Ireland
887:), other parts of northern Europe,
2217:Plants for a Future database entry
1826:Andersen, Craig R. (7 July 2011).
14:
1981:Canadian Journal of Plant Science
1881:. Frankfurt am Main: DLG-Verlag.
1835:Agriculture and Natural Resources
1638:. London: Timber Press Portland.
1353:species are being studied at the
879:elsewhere, for example, into the
2698:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:256109-1
1943:Thompson, Anthony Keith (2015).
1828:"Home Gardening Series: Salsify"
1797:Lloyd, John W. (February 1902).
1135:) is the most common disease of
929: in) long and 2–5 cm (
883:(mainly in central and southern
44:
1512:from the original on 2024-05-09
1465:from the original on 2024-03-27
1751:; Olmstead, Nancy C. (1985) .
1664:New Flora of the British Isles
1543:University of Nebraska-Lincoln
1295:Raw salsify is 77% water, 19%
1:
1125:Few pests or diseases affect
1042:Sowing and soil requirements
763:Percentages estimated using
278:Tragopogon krascheninnikovii
2826:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1851:BosweII, Victor R. (1957).
1634:Heistinger, Andrea (2013).
1600:Harrison, Lorraine (2012).
1575:Storl, Wolf-Dieter (2012).
895:, and in Australia. In the
756:Link to USDA Database entry
2842:
814:. It is commonly known as
347:343 kJ (82 kcal)
1877:Dachler, Michael (2017).
1402:Missouri Botanical Garden
1311:and moderate contents of
1249:) can affect the plants.
762:
752:
748:
724:
716:
587:
583:
444:
440:
433:
429:
409:
405:
385:
381:
351:
192:
185:
168:
161:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
2821:Plants described in 1753
1303:and contains negligible
1237:Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
1029:) as a cultivated crop.
852:means "with leaves like
294:Tragopogon macrocephalus
246:Tragopogon coelesyriacus
229:Tragopogon brachyphyllus
221:Tragopogon brachyphyllus
1857:Yearbook of Agriculture
1808:. Circular No. 45: 1–5.
1602:RHS Latin for Gardeners
1246:Erysiphe cichoriacearum
997:The root and the young
864:Origin and distribution
765:US recommendations
286:Tragopogon longirostris
262:Tragopogon dshimilensis
238:Tragopogon claviculatus
213:Tragopogon barbirostris
2600:Tragopogon~porrifolius
2437:Tragopogon porrifolius
2359:Tragopogon_porrifolius
2266:Tragopogon porrifolius
2236:Tragopogon porrifolius
2174:10.1098/rstb.2013.0351
2008:Fagan, Damian (2019).
1755:. Knopf. p. 404.
1415:Tragopogon porrifolius
1340:Tragopogon porrifolius
1197:Phacelia tanacetifolia
1095:Growth and development
985:The fruits are beaked
869:Tragopogon porrifolius
801:Tragopogon porrifolius
796:
790:Tragopogon porrifolius
782:
769:the National Academies
270:Tragopogon eriospermus
172:Tragopogon porrifolius
25:Tragopogon porrifolius
1837:– via Elsevier.
1204:seedlings and roots:
788:
781:Illustration of parts
780:
435:Vitamins and minerals
1579:. Aarau: AT Verlag.
1363:genetic polymorphism
1207:Alternaria alternata
1148:Scorzonera hispanica
1142:Tragopogon pratensis
1079:Climate requirements
1027:Scorzonera hispanica
953:Tragopogon pratensis
205:Tragopogon australis
197:Tragopogon australis
1749:Niering, William A.
1549:on December 7, 2009
1185:Puccinia scorzonera
1173:Puccinia hystericum
1170:diseases caused by
1132:Albugo tragopogonis
1108:Harvest and storage
1101:T. porrifolius
1089:T. porrifolius
1085:T. porrifolius
1073:T. porrifolius
1035:T. porrifolius
939:–2 in) thick.
522:Pantothenic acid (B
333:
318:Tragopogon sinuatus
302:Tragopogon orgyalis
154:T. porrifolius
2168:(1648): 20130351.
1231:Rhizoctonia solani
1219:Fusarium oxysporum
1145:), black salsify (
1121:Pests and diseases
797:
783:
730:Other constituents
310:Tragopogon sativus
2793:
2792:
2644:Open Tree of Life
2228:Taxon identifiers
2133:10.1002/jsfa.3089
2069:978-1-4027-6715-9
2025:978-1-4930-3633-2
1954:978-1-118-65404-0
1922:978-9937-0-6000-4
1888:978-3-7690-0845-6
1731:978-3-8001-6950-4
1673:978-0-521-70772-5
1645:978-1-60469-382-9
1586:978-3-03800-672-5
1497:978-0-309-48834-1
1382:Species Plantarum
1355:biochemical level
1213:Fusarium culmorum
1194:) or blue tansy (
1179:Puccinia jackyana
1160:Helianthus annuus
1157:) and sunflower (
775:
774:
720:
719:
329:
328:
322:
314:
306:
298:
290:
282:
274:
266:
258:
254:Tragopogon cupani
250:
242:
233:
225:
217:
209:
201:
2833:
2786:
2785:
2773:
2772:
2763:
2762:
2750:
2749:
2740:
2739:
2727:
2726:
2714:
2713:
2701:
2700:
2688:
2687:
2675:
2674:
2662:
2661:
2652:
2651:
2639:
2638:
2626:
2625:
2613:
2612:
2603:
2602:
2590:
2589:
2577:
2576:
2574:NBNSYS0000004531
2564:
2563:
2551:
2550:
2541:
2540:
2528:
2527:
2515:
2514:
2502:
2501:
2492:
2491:
2479:
2478:
2466:
2465:
2453:
2452:
2440:
2439:
2427:
2426:
2414:
2413:
2401:
2400:
2388:
2387:
2375:
2374:
2362:
2361:
2349:
2348:
2336:
2335:
2323:
2322:
2313:
2312:
2303:
2302:
2293:
2292:
2280:
2279:
2270:
2269:
2268:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2223:
2204:
2203:
2193:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2113:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2096:Special Fruit NV
2088:
2082:
2081:
2049:
2038:
2037:
2014:. Guilford, CT:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1906:
1893:
1892:
1874:
1861:
1860:
1848:
1839:
1838:
1832:
1823:
1810:
1809:
1803:
1794:
1785:
1784:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1745:
1736:
1735:
1717:
1704:
1703:
1685:
1679:
1677:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1631:
1616:
1615:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1572:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1545:. Archived from
1527:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1517:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1413:Type Specimens:
1410:
1408:
1379:
1357:for their novel
1033:to be met. When
969:
968:
964:
961:
938:
937:
933:
928:
927:
923:
920:
847:specific epithet
828:vegetable oyster
607:
558:
542:
525:
508:
491:
474:
464:
431:
334:
320:
312:
304:
296:
288:
280:
272:
264:
256:
248:
240:
231:
223:
215:
207:
199:
174:
49:
48:
35:
21:
16:Species of plant
2841:
2840:
2836:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2816:Stem vegetables
2811:Root vegetables
2796:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2781:
2776:
2768:
2766:
2758:
2753:
2745:
2743:
2735:
2730:
2722:
2717:
2709:
2704:
2696:
2691:
2683:
2678:
2670:
2665:
2657:
2655:
2647:
2642:
2634:
2631:Observation.org
2629:
2621:
2616:
2608:
2606:
2598:
2593:
2585:
2580:
2572:
2567:
2559:
2554:
2546:
2545:MichiganFlora:
2544:
2536:
2531:
2523:
2518:
2510:
2505:
2497:
2495:
2487:
2482:
2474:
2469:
2461:
2456:
2448:
2443:
2435:
2430:
2422:
2417:
2409:
2404:
2396:
2391:
2383:
2378:
2370:
2365:
2357:
2352:
2344:
2339:
2331:
2326:
2318:
2316:
2308:
2306:
2298:
2296:
2288:
2283:
2275:
2273:
2264:
2263:
2258:
2249:
2248:
2243:
2230:
2213:
2208:
2207:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2100:
2098:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2070:
2062:. p. 112.
2051:
2050:
2041:
2026:
2018:. p. 161.
2007:
2006:
2002:
1994:10.4141/P98-007
1975:
1974:
1970:
1955:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1908:
1907:
1896:
1889:
1876:
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1023:Spanish salsify
1007:Pliny the Elder
995:
966:
962:
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957:
935:
931:
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925:
921:
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2808:
2798:
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1335:Phytochemicals
1333:
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1202:T. porrifolius
1137:T. porrifolius
1129:. White rust (
1127:T. porrifolius
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1093:
1080:
1077:
1068:T. porrifolius
1043:
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1003:T. porrifolius
994:
991:
972:hermaphroditic
908:
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862:
836:Jack go to bed
832:Jerusalem star
820:common salsify
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897:United States
894:
891:and southern
890:
889:North America
886:
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881:British Isles
878:
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870:
863:
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858:Allium porrum
855:
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560:
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527:
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512:
510:
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488:Riboflavin (B
485:
478:
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468:
463:
458:
455:
453:
452:
447:
443:
439:
432:
428:
422:
419:
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398:
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388:
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373:Dietary fiber
370:
364:
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360:
359:Carbohydrates
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195:
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167:
164:
163:Binomial name
160:
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135:
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131:
128:
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108:
105:
102:
101:
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95:
92:
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88:
85:
82:
79:
76:
75:
72:
71:Tracheophytes
69:
66:
63:
62:
59:
56:
53:
52:
47:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
2235:
2165:
2159:
2149:
2124:
2118:
2111:
2099:. Retrieved
2095:
2086:
2058:. New York:
2054:
2016:FalconGuides
2010:
2003:
1984:
1980:
1971:
1944:
1938:
1926:. Retrieved
1911:
1878:
1856:
1853:"Vegetables"
1834:
1805:
1780:
1777:Lyons, C. P.
1771:
1752:
1721:
1689:
1683:
1663:
1660:Stace, Clive
1654:
1635:
1601:
1595:
1576:
1551:. Retrieved
1547:the original
1538:
1532:
1525:
1514:. Retrieved
1486:
1478:
1467:. Retrieved
1458:
1445:
1434:, retrieved
1429:
1423:
1414:
1412:
1405:. Retrieved
1400:, Missouri:
1393:
1388:
1381:
1377:
1350:
1339:
1338:
1294:
1287:
1275:
1259:
1251:
1244:
1242:
1235:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1191:Vicia sativa
1189:
1183:
1177:
1171:
1165:
1158:
1152:
1151:), gerbera (
1146:
1140:
1136:
1130:
1126:
1124:
1111:
1100:
1098:
1088:
1084:
1082:
1072:
1067:
1045:
1034:
1031:
1026:
1002:
996:
984:
951:
941:
912:
910:
871:is a common
868:
867:
857:
849:
844:
839:
838:, or simply
835:
831:
827:
824:oyster plant
823:
819:
815:
809:
800:
799:
798:
789:
734:
729:
604:
599:
592:
461:
456:
449:
415:
391:
357:
332:Salsify, raw
317:
309:
301:
293:
285:
277:
269:
261:
257:Guss. ex DC.
253:
245:
237:
228:
220:
212:
204:
196:
171:
169:
153:
152:
140:
103:
90:
77:
64:
24:
18:
2556:NatureServe
2484:iNaturalist
2260:Wikispecies
2101:10 November
1928:20 November
1407:February 8,
1398:Saint Louis
1266:chewing gum
1225:Penicillium
993:Cultivation
976:pollination
850:porrifolius
471:Thiamine (B
281:S.A.Nikitin
241:S.A.Nikitin
234:nom. inval.
84:Angiosperms
2806:Tragopogon
2800:Categories
2767:WisFlora:
2667:Plant List
2317:Calflora:
2034:1073035766
1859:: 692–698.
1516:2024-06-21
1469:2024-03-28
1389:Tragopogon
1369:References
1361:forms and
1351:Tragopogon
1344:polyphenol
1329:phosphorus
1317:vitamin B6
1313:riboflavin
944:California
913:Tragopogon
907:Morphology
877:introduced
845:The Latin
811:Tragopogon
666:Phosphorus
141:Tragopogon
130:Asteraceae
2672:gcc-47967
2450:200024596
2424:200024596
2406:FloraBase
2182:0962-8436
2141:1097-0010
2092:"Salsify"
2078:244766414
1963:904730845
1724:. Ulmer.
1342:contains
1325:manganese
1321:vitamin C
1290:asparagus
1064:silt-loam
679:Potassium
653:Manganese
640:Magnesium
572:Vitamin C
555:Folate (B
539:Vitamin B
505:Niacin (B
321:Avé-Lall.
148:Species:
120:Asterales
54:Kingdom:
2755:VicFlora
2744:VASCAN:
2732:Tropicos
2595:NSWFlora
2561:2.133620
2525:11436923
2512:256109-1
2354:eFloraSA
2307:BioLib:
2300:286-2-1b
2245:Wikidata
2200:24958924
2060:Sterling
1779:(1956).
1662:(2010).
1553:March 9,
1510:Archived
1506:30844154
1463:Archived
1453:(2024).
1394:Tropicos
1387:"Name –
1309:calories
873:biennial
735:Quantity
660:0.268 mg
600:Quantity
594:Minerals
549:0.277 mg
533:0.371 mg
457:Quantity
451:Vitamins
289:Sch.Bip.
187:Synonyms
126:Family:
110:Asterids
97:Eudicots
2737:2701485
2463:5386938
2341:Ecocrop
2251:Q941639
2191:4071524
1678:p. 707.
1301:protein
1279:oysters
1272:As food
1154:Gerbera
1052:carrots
1048:parsnip
987:achenes
980:insects
965:⁄
948:ligules
934:⁄
924:⁄
885:England
840:salsify
712:0.38 mg
614:Calcium
499:0.22 mg
482:0.08 mg
417:Protein
313:Gaterau
136:Genus:
116:Order:
58:Plantae
2724:3182-6
2680:PLANTS
2649:143403
2607:NZOR:
2398:159289
2372:503270
2297:APSA:
2274:APDB:
2198:
2188:
2180:
2139:
2076:
2066:
2032:
2022:
1961:
1951:
1919:
1885:
1759:
1728:
1696:
1670:
1642:
1608:
1583:
1504:
1494:
1436:1 July
1359:enzyme
1228:spp.,
1115:clamps
1056:Sowing
1019:Russia
1011:France
999:shoots
978:is by
901:Hawaii
893:Africa
816:purple
806:flower
692:Sodium
686:380 mg
634:0.7 mg
516:0.5 mg
366:18.6 g
343:Energy
265:K.Koch
249:Boiss.
216:Bisch.
2719:SANBI
2711:82385
2656:PFI:
2618:NZPCN
2587:13731
2538:38568
2520:IRMNG
2499:14026
2496:IPA:
2489:54141
2476:36817
2432:FoAO2
2393:EUNIS
2385:TROPS
2333:57WKK
2310:41638
2290:76372
2277:99890
1831:(PDF)
1802:(PDF)
1299:, 3%
1283:purée
1262:latex
1015:Italy
741:Water
699:20 mg
673:75 mg
647:23 mg
621:60 mg
566:26 μg
424:3.3 g
400:0.2 g
377:3.3 g
305:Reut.
297:Pomel
208:Jord.
104:Clade
91:Clade
78:Clade
65:Clade
2770:5248
2747:3634
2693:POWO
2685:TRPO
2659:6176
2636:7559
2623:2839
2582:NCBI
2533:ITIS
2507:IPNI
2471:GRIN
2458:GBIF
2411:8250
2380:EPPO
2346:2442
2320:8020
2285:APNI
2196:PMID
2178:ISSN
2137:ISSN
2103:2020
2074:OCLC
2064:ISBN
2030:OCLC
2020:ISBN
1959:OCLC
1949:ISBN
1930:2019
1917:ISBN
1883:ISBN
1757:ISBN
1726:ISBN
1694:ISBN
1668:ISBN
1640:ISBN
1606:ISBN
1581:ISBN
1555:2010
1502:PMID
1492:ISBN
1438:2016
1409:2010
1327:and
1256:Uses
1234:and
1182:and
1168:rust
1060:loam
1050:and
1013:and
974:and
854:leek
794:MHNT
744:77 g
705:Zinc
627:Iron
579:8 mg
273:Ten.
2778:WFO
2706:RHS
2569:NBN
2548:508
2445:FoC
2419:FNA
2367:EoL
2328:CoL
2186:PMC
2170:doi
2166:369
2129:doi
1989:doi
1459:FDA
1391:L."
1305:fat
1062:or
1001:of
860:).
856:" (
818:or
684:13%
658:12%
605:%DV
547:16%
497:17%
462:%DV
393:Fat
2802::
2780::
2757::
2734::
2721::
2708::
2695::
2682::
2669::
2646::
2633::
2620::
2597::
2584::
2571::
2558::
2535::
2522::
2509::
2486::
2473::
2460::
2447::
2434::
2421::
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2395::
2382::
2369::
2356::
2343::
2330::
2287::
2262::
2247::
2194:.
2184:.
2176:.
2164:.
2158:.
2135:.
2125:88
2123:.
2094:.
2072:.
2042:^
2028:.
1985:79
1983:.
1957:.
1897:^
1865:^
1855:.
1843:^
1833:.
1814:^
1804:.
1789:^
1740:^
1708:^
1620:^
1563:^
1541:.
1537:.
1508:.
1500:.
1461:.
1457:.
1411:.
1396:.
1365:.
1331:.
1323:,
1319:,
1315:,
1268:.
1260:A
1240:.
1222:,
1216:,
1210:,
1176:,
982:.
917:11
834:,
830:,
826:,
822:,
792:–
710:3%
697:1%
671:6%
645:5%
632:4%
619:5%
577:9%
564:7%
531:7%
514:3%
480:7%
179:L.
106::
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80::
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2202:.
2172::
2143:.
2131::
2105:.
2080:.
2036:.
1997:.
1991::
1965:.
1932:.
1891:.
1765:.
1734:.
1702:.
1676:.
1648:.
1614:.
1589:.
1557:.
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1533:J
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1519:.
1472:.
1025:(
967:4
963:1
960:+
958:1
936:4
932:3
926:4
922:3
919:+
771:.
559:)
557:9
541:6
526:)
524:5
509:)
507:3
492:)
490:2
475:)
473:1
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