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Train 904 bombing

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267: 239:. Unlike train bombings in the previous decades of political turmoil, the bomb was remote controlled and was detonated while the train was well into the tunnel, in order to maximize the damage. The bomb exploded as planned. Its shock wave, reflected by the tunnel sides, blew out all the window glass and internal doors, throwing 490:. Calò and Cercola's jail time was confirmed, and Di Agostino was given a life sentence. Misso, Pirozzi and Galeota were discharged in regard to the massacre, but found guilty of possession of explosives. Schaudinn was found not formally linked with Mafia, and his sentence for the massacre was revised to 22 years. 278:
to the passengers while the gallery's neon lights were fading since the explosion had blasted away the overhead wires. Rescuers encountered problems reaching the disaster scene. Rescue vehicles gathered at the southern entrance of the tunnel, but were blocked by thick smoke emerging from it. After an
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After letting off its first shipment of injured passengers, the train quickly got back to the tunnel and picked up the uninjured passengers, who were beginning to suffer from the cold wind. However, smoke from its diesel engines inadvertently filled the tunnel. Passengers and responders still inside
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terrorists, since the attack took place on the same railway stretch at which right-wing extremists bombed the Italicus train in 1974, killing twelve and wounding 48. The Public Prosecutor Office promptly began an inquiry. A chemical and ballistic survey was commissioned in order to find the kind of
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was against the ruling, and called for a fair crime prosecution. Carnevale allowed a new trial of the suspects by the Florence court. Calò and Cercola sentences were confirmed, Di Agostino got 24 years, Schaudinn got 22. Misso's sentence was cut to three years; Galeota and Pirozzi sentence to
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impaired breathing. While damage and smoke impaired prompt access from the southern entrance, the wind blowing smoke south was fortunate, avoiding smoke buildup in the tunnel and leaving the northern entrance – nearest to the emergency response center of Bologna – relatively clear.
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exit. Killers sent by the Camorra clans opened fire, killing Galeota and Sarno (executed by a gunshot in the mouth). Giulio Pirozzi and his wife were saved by a police car which fortuitously passed on the opposite lane, causing the killers to flee.
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was on regular service between Naples and Milan. It was traveling northbound, overcrowded by 700 holiday passengers coming back home or visiting relatives due to the upcoming Christmas holidays. At 19:08 a bomb exploded in the ninth car, a 2nd class
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from the massacre charge, but deemed him guilty of giving the explosive to Misso in early 1984. Abbatangelo was sentenced to 6 years. Victims' relatives asked for a tougher sentence, but lost the appeal and had to pay for judiciary expenses.
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engine was brought from Bologna to recover the head section of the damaged train, allowing rescuers to reach the blown-up coach. Coaches of a rescue train were used as ambulances, ferrying the injured and taking them to
380:: searches found a suitcase in the cellar, containing two smaller cases within which there were batteries, a radio receiver, a radio transmitter, antennas, wires, weapons and explosives. This explosive was checked by 296: 1913: 350:
explosive used and the disaster dynamics. A witness was found: he saw two people placing two bags in the 9th car luggage rack in Florence station, so the inquiry was assigned to Florence prosecutors.
321:, was activated for the first time. It was instrumental in providing a fast response: local police reserved some roads for ambulance routes, while coordination between responders was managed by 525:
The Corte di Cassazione confirmed the sentences on 24 November 1992, officially recognizing a "coordinated hand by the Mafia" in the disaster. On 18 February 1994, Florence Court discharged
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The emergency brake was pulled, and the train came to a stop a thousand or so meters from the blast, 8 kilometers from the northern entrance and 10 from the southern. Train conductor
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The "bloody events" of Ustica, Peteano, the Italicus train, Piazza Fontana, Piazza della Loggia, Gioia Tauro, Bologna station and rapid 904 are no longer covered by the state secret.
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was sentenced to 28 years, Schaudinn to 25 and other involved in the inquiry received minor sentences. A second grade trial took place on March 15, 1990, in Florence by
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Radio communications were difficult, worsened by the lack of a mobile radio link; weather was bad, the train was deep inside the tunnel and a strong smell of
325:, a regional emergency management group evolved from the late CePIS (and which would eventually become the core of the national emergency response network). 236: 299:. Underestimation of the scale of the incident led to only a single doctor being present on the rescue train. 15 ambulances took the critical patients to 2073: 826: 2113: 1711: 913: 865: 2083: 2068: 1627: 1367: 1927: 2088: 1351: 422:, who built electronic devices to be used in bombings. Those devices were found in Pippo Calò's home. Many links were found between Calò, the 1526: 722: 839: 666: 1704: 279:
hour and a half the first service vehicles dispatched to the scene could reach the stricken train, without any hint of what happened.
1855: 195:, also known as "Pippo", was convicted for ordering and organising the attack in February 1989. In April 2011 Mafia "boss of bosses" 2143: 1506: 243:-like shards into the compartments. 15 died as a direct consequence of the blast, and one more died later because of the wounds. 2128: 2078: 1408: 707: 1765: 1727: 1004: 2063: 1786: 1346: 345:
Within hours after the blast, a number of left and right-wing groups claimed responsibility. Official suspicion centered on
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of his neck, but managed to reach a service telephone and call for help. Passengers were scared and stranded in the cold
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A special plan, developed in the wake of bombings during previous years, including the Italicus Express bombing and the
303: 774: 2108: 1542: 1100: 1085: 1017: 44: 866:"Massacres, Renzi removes the state secret: the whole truth about Ustica, piazza Fontana, Italicus, Bologna station" 1969: 1849: 1834: 1468: 942: 639: 1951: 1426: 936: 738:(in Italian). Associazione Familiari Vittime Strage del Rapido 904. Archived from the original on 3 February 2013 553: 541:'s penitentiary on 3 January 2005. He strangled himself with shoelaces, and died while being rushed to hospital. 333:. After the train departed, a woman was found in shock in the tunnel cavity, and was taken on foot to the nearby 1822: 1810: 1780: 1756: 1680: 266: 169: 247: 1923: 1462: 899: 526: 1978: 1816: 1795: 1741: 1553: 1172: 627: 443: 799: 530: 419: 121: 1960: 1828: 1474: 1271: 1055: 483: 334: 112: 322: 1675: 1590: 1585: 1570: 1496: 1420: 1213: 1185: 1162: 1157: 1080: 487: 467: 435: 152: 48: 626:
With a directive of 22 April 2014, all the files relating to this massacre are no longer covered by
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The motive behind the bomb attack was to distract Italian security forces from investigating the
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was detonated, killing 16 and wounding 266. The bombing location was near the location of the
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in the middle of the train. The train was 8 kilometers into the Apennine Base Tunnel, on the
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had led to a series of arrest warrants in September 1984 that subsequently would lead to the
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The same day, Galeota and Pirozzi, along with latter's wife Rita Casolaro and Misso's wife
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FS UIC-X carriage in 2019, in an identical condition to the one targeted in the attack
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labs in Rome and Florence, and proved to be the same as the one used on Train 904.
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The Florence Criminal Court found Pippo Calò, Cercola and people linked to them (
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massacre)) was a terror attack which occurred on 23 December 1984, in the
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eighteen months, their role in the massacre being deemed as marginal.
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station. Snow began to fall while the last passengers were evacuated.
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Strage rapido 904,ordine di custodia cautelare a Riina: «Fu mandante»
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San Benedetto Val di Sambro-Castiglione dei Pepoli railway station
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1984 terrorist attack in Italy perpetrated by the Sicilian mafia
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Italy Troubled by the Twilight World of Terrorism on the Right
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indicates the deadliest railway accident in Italian history
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indicates railway accidents resulting in at least 20 deaths
665:(in Italian). corriere.it. 25 November 1992. Archived from 250:– on his last journey before retiring – was wounded in the 688:
Rapido 904: "Un intreccio tra mafia, camorra e politica"
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issued a custody order against Mafia "boss of bosses"
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in September 1984 that subsequently would lead to the
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unexpectedly voided the sentence. General Prosecutor
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An UIC-X carriage was destroyed following the bombing
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Mafia boss 2119:Railway accidents and incidents in Italy 657: 655: 1368:Grand Hotel et des Palmes Mafia meeting 651: 438:, and was a well known to many Italian 199:was indicted for ordering the bombing. 1352:List of Sicilian Mafia members by city 769: 767: 749: 718: 716: 690:, Il Fatto Quotidiano, April 27, 2011. 2134:Terrorist incidents in Europe in 1984 1961:Polmont rail accident, United Kingdom 1527:List of victims of the Sicilian Mafia 829:, Corriere della Sera, April 27, 2011 814:, Associated Press, February 25, 1989 802:, Los Angeles Times, January 21, 1985 663:"Strage di Natale, ergastolo al boss" 7: 630:and are therefore freely available. 1997:Apennine Base Tunnel bombing, Italy 329:the tunnel had to be provided with 156:. A bomb on the 904 express train ( 1988:Summit Tunnel fire, United Kingdom 1952:Morpeth derailment, United Kingdom 578:Angela Calvanese in De Simone (33) 391:charged Calò and Cercola with the 14: 2074:20th-century mass murder in Italy 1979:Eccles rail crash, United Kingdom 1628:Italian brigandage (19th century) 1507:Direzione Investigativa Antimafia 399:to investigating Antimafia judge 368:and jailed for crimes related to 1409:Portella della Ginestra massacre 725:, Time Magazine, January 7, 1985 537:Guido Cercola killed himself in 207:On Sunday, 23 December 1984 the 2114:Organized crime events in Italy 1924:Railway accidents and incidents 2084:December 1984 events in Europe 2069:20th century in Emilia-Romagna 1439:Via Federico Pipitone massacre 1347:List of Sicilian Mafia members 411:against 474 Mafia defendants. 387:On 9 January 1986, prosecutor 231:The bomb had been placed on a 1: 2089:History of the Sicilian Mafia 572:Giovanbattista Altobelli (51) 1581:Article 41-bis prison regime 1497:Italian Antimafia Commission 1492:Sangiorgi report (1898-1900) 1543:1960s Sicilian Mafia trials 430:groups. Calò had ties with 45:San Benedetto Val di Sambro 2160: 1728:Railway accidents in Italy 1469:Via dei Georgofili bombing 943:Interprovincial Commission 840:"La strage del Rapido 904" 775:"La Strage del Rapido 904" 640:List of massacres in Italy 628:classifications of secrecy 611:Federica Taglialatela (12) 2006: 1942: 1874: 1671: 1427:Circonvallazione massacre 596:Pier Francesco Leoni (23) 554:Sicilian Mafia Commission 28: 2144:Train bombings in Europe 1781:Italicus Express bombing 1681:Organized crime in Italy 622:Declassification of acts 608:Maria Luigia Morini (45) 414:Cercola was linked to a 248:Gian Claudio Bianconcini 235:whilst the train was in 183:to Antimafia prosecutor 170:Italicus Express bombing 2129:1984 disasters in Italy 2079:Crime in Emilia-Romagna 2013:1985  ► 2009:◄  1983 710:, ANSA, April 27, 2011. 599:Luisella Matarazzo (25) 426:and extreme right-wing 403:had led to a series of 1554:Pizza Connection Trial 1173:Caltanissetta Province 723:Italy: Tunnel of Death 614:Abramo Vastarella (29) 605:Valeria Moratello (22) 584:Giovanni De Simone (4) 575:Anna Maria Brandi (26) 271: 172:ten years previously. 2064:1984 murders in Italy 2040:44.13917°N 11.17333°E 1475:Via Palestro massacre 1272:San Mauro Castelverde 587:Nicola De Simone (40) 529:member of Parliament 493:On 5 March 1991, the 269: 140:Strage del Rapido 904 2124:1984 crimes in Italy 1676:American Cosa Nostra 1591:Banda della Magliana 1586:Banda della Comasina 1571:American Cosa Nostra 1463:Via D'Amelio bombing 1421:Viale Lazio massacre 1186:Vallelunga Pratameno 1163:Campobello di Licata 1158:Palma di Montechiaro 590:Susanna Cavalli (22) 436:Banda della Magliana 153:Apennine Base Tunnel 49:Apennine Base Tunnel 2104:Mass murder in 1984 2036: /  1433:Via Carini massacre 602:Carmine Moccia (30) 531:Massimo Abbatangelo 503:Antonino Scopelliti 495:Corte di Cassazione 420:Friedrich Schaudinn 122:Friedrich Schaudinn 2109:Massacres in Italy 2045:44.13917; 11.17333 1686:Mafia bibliography 1648:Sacra Corona Unita 1451:Pizzolungo bombing 1148:Sambuca di Sicilia 1110:Agrigento Province 669:on 12 August 2014. 593:Lucia Cerrato (66) 581:Anna De Simone (9) 552:, the head of the 484:Franco Di Agostino 448:Valerio Fioravanti 374:Poggio San Lorenzo 272: 113:Franco Di Agostino 2019: 2018: 1889: 1888: 1805:Train 904 bombing 1735:Location and date 1694: 1693: 1445:Train 904 bombing 1335: 1334: 1267:Belmonte Mezzagno 499:Corrado Carnevale 452:Massimo Carminati 304:Ospedale Maggiore 274:Bianconcini gave 132:Train 904 bombing 128: 127: 124:(German engineer) 66:23 December 1984 24:Train 904 bombing 2151: 2051: 2050: 2048: 2047: 2046: 2041: 2037: 2034: 2033: 2032: 2029: 1994: 1985: 1976: 1967: 1958: 1949: 1937: 1935: 1933: 1916: 1909: 1902: 1893: 1766:Castel Bolognese 1721: 1714: 1707: 1698: 1512:State-Mafia Pact 1415:Ciaculli bombing 1390:Second Mafia War 1300:Mazara del Vallo 1282:Trapani Province 1234:Palermo Province 1123:Santa Elisabetta 1106: 1086:Cuntrera-Caruana 930:Chain of command 916: 909: 902: 893: 886: 885: 883: 881: 874:Il Messaggero.it 862: 856: 855: 853: 851: 846:on 12 March 2018 836: 830: 825: 821: 815: 809: 803: 797: 791: 790: 788: 786: 771: 762: 761: 755: 747: 745: 743: 732: 726: 720: 711: 706: 702: 691: 686: 682: 671: 670: 659: 558:Paolo Borsellino 432:P2 masonic lodge 401:Giovanni Falcone 397:Tommaso Buscetta 370:drug trafficking 364:were stopped in 323:Bologna Soccorso 319:Bologna massacre 308:Polizia di Stato 185:Giovanni Falcone 181:Tommaso Buscetta 144:Strage di Natale 115:(members of the 33: 21: 2159: 2158: 2154: 2153: 2152: 2150: 2149: 2148: 2054: 2053: 2044: 2042: 2038: 2035: 2030: 2027: 2025: 2023: 2022: 2020: 2015: 2002: 2001: 1992: 1983: 1974: 1965: 1956: 1947: 1938: 1931: 1929: 1922: 1920: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1870: 1850:Circumvesuviana 1787:Murazze di Vado 1730: 1725: 1695: 1690: 1667: 1638:Mala del Brenta 1559: 1531: 1480: 1401: 1395: 1384:First Mafia War 1372: 1356: 1331: 1309: 1276: 1228: 1200: 1167: 1128:Porto Empedocle 1095: 1042: 1005:Codes 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309: 305: 302: 298: 293: 288: 285: 280: 277: 268: 261: 259: 257: 253: 249: 244: 242: 238: 234: 229: 227: 223: 219: 215: 210: 202: 200: 198: 194: 193:Giuseppe Calò 190: 186: 182: 178: 173: 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 154: 149: 145: 141: 137: 133: 123: 118: 114: 110: 109:Guido Cercola 106: 105:Giuseppe Calò 103: 99: 95: 91: 87: 83: 80: 77: 71: 68:19:08 (UTC+1) 65: 61: 58: 54: 50: 46: 43: 39: 32: 27: 22: 19: 2021: 1996: 1881: 1876: 1859: 1838: 1804: 1799: 1790: 1775: 1760: 1745: 1616:Unione Corse 1444: 1402:and bombings 878:. Retrieved 869: 860: 848:. Retrieved 844:the original 834: 824:(in Italian) 819: 807: 795: 783:. Retrieved 779:the original 740:. Retrieved 730: 705:(in Italian) 685:(in Italian) 667:the original 625: 567: 543: 536: 524: 508: 497:presided by 492: 465: 456:Walter Sordi 442:, including 413: 386: 352: 344: 331:oxygen masks 327: 316: 289: 284:black powder 281: 273: 245: 233:luggage rack 230: 208: 206: 174: 157: 151: 143: 139: 131: 129: 101:Perpetrators 18: 2043: / 1858:(Jul 2016) 1837:(Jun 2009) 1798:(Nov 1980) 1789:(Apr 1978) 1774:(May 1962) 1759:(Dec 1961) 1744:(Mar 1944) 1663:Vendicatori 1643:'Ndrangheta 1601:Beati Paoli 1556:(1985–1986) 1550:(1986–1992) 1392:(1981–1984) 1386:(1962–1963) 1224:Pagliarelli 1214:Porta Nuova 979:Consigliere 975:(Sottocapo) 736:"La Strage" 428:neo-Fascist 347:neo-fascist 312:Carabinieri 203:The bombing 79:Bomb attack 74:Attack type 2058:Categories 2031:11°10′24″E 2028:44°08′21″N 1867:(Feb 2020) 1852:(Aug 2010) 1846:(Apr 2010) 1831:(Oct 2006) 1829:Rome Metro 1825:(Oct 2005) 1819:(Jan 2005) 1817:Crevalcore 1813:(Jul 2002) 1807:(Dec 1984) 1783:(Aug 1974) 1768:(Mar 1962) 1757:Fiumarella 1753:(Dec 1957) 1596:Basilischi 1548:Maxi Trial 1517:Addiopizzo 1242:Camporeale 1219:Brancaccio 1101:Mandamenti 1056:Corleonesi 1018:Mandamento 988:Caporegime 984:Capodecina 937:Commission 850:16 October 646:References 550:Totò Riina 440:terrorists 409:Maxi Trial 355:Mafia boss 314:escorts. 224:line near 209:Rapido 904 189:Maxi Trial 158:Rapido 904 1835:Viareggio 1485:Antimafia 1400:Massacres 1321:Mistretta 1196:Mussomeli 1138:Cianciana 1133:Canicattì 1118:Agrigento 1081:Inzerillo 996:(Soldier) 973:Underboss 444:Cristiano 276:first aid 148:Christmas 1361:Meetings 1327:Siracusa 1257:Bagheria 1247:Corleone 1091:Graviano 1061:Galatolo 1013:Made man 939:(Cupola) 880:22 April 752:cite web 634:See also 568:Source: 515:Afragola 434:and the 393:massacre 382:forensic 258:winter. 256:Apennine 241:shrapnel 218:Florence 41:Location 2011:  1995:  1986:  1977:  1968:  1959:  1950:  1930: ( 1865:Livraga 1796:Curinga 1751:Codogno 1742:Balvano 1623:Garduña 1606:Camorra 1564:Related 1522:Pentito 1501:members 1340:Members 1295:Trapani 1206:Palermo 1038:Pizzino 994:Soldato 785:20 July 742:20 July 539:Sulmona 476:Camorra 424:Camorra 341:Inquiry 306:, with 301:Bologna 222:Bologna 160:) from 136:Italian 93:Injured 1993:Dec 23 1984:Dec 20 1975:Dec 4 1966:Oct 11 1957:Jul 30 1948:Jun 24 1856:Andria 1844:Merano 1653:Stidda 1536:Trials 1477:(1993) 1471:(1993) 1465:(1992) 1459:(1992) 1453:(1985) 1447:(1984) 1441:(1983) 1435:(1982) 1429:(1982) 1423:(1969) 1417:(1963) 1411:(1947) 1305:Alcamo 1262:Trabia 1252:Cinisi 1143:Ribera 1076:Motisi 1071:Minore 1023:OmertĂ  953:Family 546:Naples 519:Acerra 462:Trials 416:German 226:Vernio 162:Naples 85:Deaths 1314:Other 1191:Riesi 1066:Greco 1048:Clans 1033:Pizzo 1028:Faida 957:Cosca 478:boss 378:Rieti 214:coach 166:Milan 57:Italy 1932:1984 1928:1984 1823:Bari 1377:Wars 1325:Sud 1181:Gela 963:Boss 882:2014 852:2016 787:2011 758:link 744:2011 474:and 454:and 446:and 366:Rome 360:and 310:and 252:nape 130:The 63:Date 1926:in 527:MSI 376:in 164:to 142:or 96:267 2060:: 868:. 766:^ 754:}} 750:{{ 715:^ 695:^ 675:^ 654:^ 470:, 458:. 450:, 418:, 290:A 138:: 119:), 111:, 107:, 88:16 55:, 51:, 47:, 1934:) 1915:e 1908:t 1901:v 1882:§ 1877:‡ 1860:‡ 1839:‡ 1800:‡ 1791:‡ 1776:‡ 1761:‡ 1746:§ 1720:e 1713:t 1706:v 1503:) 1499:( 990:) 986:( 969:) 965:( 959:) 955:( 915:e 908:t 901:v 884:. 854:. 789:. 760:) 746:. 517:- 220:- 146:( 134:(

Index


San Benedetto Val di Sambro
Apennine Base Tunnel
Emilia-Romagna
Italy
Bomb attack
Giuseppe Calò
Guido Cercola
Franco Di Agostino
Sicilian Mafia
Friedrich Schaudinn
Italian
Christmas
Apennine Base Tunnel
Naples
Milan
Italicus Express bombing
Sicilian Mafia
Tommaso Buscetta
Giovanni Falcone
Maxi Trial
Giuseppe Calò
Salvatore Riina
coach
Florence
Bologna
Vernio
luggage rack
Florence Santa Maria Novella railway station
shrapnel

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