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The earliest church in
Trapezitsa is the church № 16, which dates from the end of the X-beginning of the XI century. From the time of Assenevtsi there is a church № 5, which is the only one with mosaic decoration. The churches with numbers 2, 7 and 14 are known as “tomb churches” because of the burial facilities discovered in them. A stone plaque depicting the Archangel Michael was found in Church 2 and is believed to be the Church of the Holy Apostles. The churches with numbers 6, 11, 13, 14 are called "royal churches" because of the royal characters found in them in the frescoes. Seats and sinks have been found along the walls of the church №18.
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The churches of
Trapezitsa were richly decorated with various architectural forms: pilasters, niches, blind arches, colored slabs and multicolored clay round or four-leafed plates, glazed green or yellow, arranged in one or more arcuate rows. Its interior decoration was made of mosaics and murals.
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The hill is surrounded by a thick fortress wall made of crushed stone. Its height reached 6 meters. The fortress was entered through four entrances. The main entrance to
Trapezitsa was located on the southeast side and was connected to Tsarevets by a bridge over the Yantra River opposite the
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winds. It rises about 81 meters above the river level. Steep cliffs make the place difficult to access. The protected area is approximately 470x300 meters, with the elongated part facing north-south. The maximum area of the fortification is approximately 66.2 decares.
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The name of
Trapezitza is believed to derive from the word “трапеза” (table) or from “trapezium” as is the shape of the plateau. The most likely origin is the word “trapezits” – soldiers guarding the passes who were the first settlers on the hill in the Middle Ages.
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The first traces of the medieval defense system on
Trapezitsa date back to the 60-80s of the XII century. Main fortifications were built in the XIII and XIV centuries, during the
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Between 2008 and 2015 new excavations were carried out on
Trapezitsa. In the same period, the south tower was restored and some of the churches were reconstructed.
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Totev, K., E. Dermendzhiev, P. Karailiev and others. Archaeological excavations of the medieval town of
Trapezitsa. Sector North, volume 1. Veliko Tarnovo, 2011.
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The fortress is called "The
Glorious City of Trapezitsa" in medieval Bulgarian and Byzantine biographies of St. John of Rila, including those written by St.
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Dochev, K. Medieval town of
Trapezitsa ”sector southwest, Veliko Tarnovo. - In: Archaeological discoveries and excavations in 2010. Sofia, 2011.
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Shkorpil, K. Plan of the old
Bulgarian capital Veliko Tarnovo. - In: Bulletin of the Bulgarian Archaeological Society, Volume 1. Sofia, 1910.
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Dochev, K. Trapezitsa, southwestern sector. - In: Archaeological discoveries and excavations in 2009. Sofia, 2010.
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to a church built on Trapezitsa Hill. A monastery was built around it, bearing the name of the saint. Tsar
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The first fortified settlement, built on the hill, dates from the late Chalcolithic (4200-4000 BC).
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Ovcharov, T. The Antiquities in the Municipality of Veliko Tarnovo. Veliko Tarnovo, 2006
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Ovcharov, T. Medieval sites in the Veliko Tarnovo region. Veliko Tarnovo, 2001
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On the hill of Trapezitsa were located the homes of noble Bulgarians -
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and commissioner for education in free Bulgaria, together with Dr.
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82:(XIII-XII centuries BC) and the Early
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86:(IX-VII centuries BC) there was a
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42:Geographical location
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509:Castles in Bulgaria
283:Castles in Bulgaria
231:43.0847°N 25.6460°E
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118:Gabriel of Lesnovo
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78:During the
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454:Trapezitsa
434:Perperikon
222:25°38′46″E
219:43°05′05″N
80:Bronze Age
17:Trapezitsa
479:Vishegrad
459:Tsarevets
449:Storgosia
354:Hisarlaka
344:Devingrad
309:Baba Vida
99:Tsarevets
21:Bulgarian
399:Lyutitsa
359:Kaliakra
324:Byalgrad
162:Recovery
88:Thracian
84:Iron Age
29:Bulgaria
464:Tsepina
404:Markeli
339:Cherven
189:Sources
114:Kaloyan
71:History
469:Urvich
444:Sostra
429:Patmos
419:Monyak
389:Lardea
384:Ktenia
379:Krivus
374:Krasen
132:boyars
474:Ustra
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