Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

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and what appeared to be deep divisions in domestic U.S. opinion regarding the war and its aims, which caused it to imagine that it was actually in a far better negotiating position than the military situation might have suggested. A further consideration was the growing opposition to slavery that had caused Mexico to end formal slavery in 1829 and its awareness of the well-known and growing sectional divide in the U.S. over the issue of slavery. It, therefore, made sense for Mexico to negotiate to play Northern U.S. interests against Southern U.S. interests.

159: 2541: 2659:. On 30 December 1853, the countries, by agreement, altered the border from the initial one by increasing the number of border markers from 6 to 53. Most of these markers were simply piles of stones. Two later conventions, in 1882 and 1889, further clarified the boundaries, as some of the markers had been moved or destroyed. Photographers were brought in to document the location of the markers. These photographs are in Record Group 77, Records of the Office of the Chief Engineers, in the National Archives. 2570:

either not populated, or populated by hostile indigenous tribes. It was also taken into account that Mexico could not continue the war without facing certain defeat and risking the loss of the entire country. After the commission reported its findings, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was approved by congress. President Peña y Peña prepared decrees to prevent disorder in the capital once the occupiers left and to establish a national guard. On 26 May 1848 the government received the commissioners

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representative in Mexico. Nicholas Trist, chief clerk of the State Department under President Polk, finally negotiated a treaty with the Mexican delegation after ignoring his recall by President Polk in frustration with the failure to secure a treaty. Notwithstanding that the treaty had been negotiated against his instructions, given its achievement of the major American aim, President Polk passed it on to the Senate.

4615: 2630:, which concluded the Gadsden purchase of 1854, had significant implications for the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Article II of the treaty annulled article XI of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, and article IV further annulled articles VI and VII of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Article V, however, reaffirmed the property guarantees of Guadalupe Hidalgo, specifically those contained within articles VIII and IX. 1952: 6567: 249: 2421:

of remaining Mexican citizens); however, the Senate modified Article IX, changing the first paragraph and excluding the last two. Among the changes was that Mexican citizens would "be admitted at the proper time (to be judged of by the Congress of the United States)" instead of "admitted as soon as possible", as negotiated between Trist and the Mexican delegation.

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a civil war that would fatally undermine the U.S. military position in Mexico. Instead, these terms, combined with other Mexican demands (in particular, for various indemnities), only provoked widespread indignation throughout the United States without causing the sectional conflict the Mexicans hoped for.

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The southern border of California was designated as a line from the junction of the Colorado and Gila rivers westward to the Pacific Ocean so that it passes one Spanish league south of the southernmost portion of San Diego Bay. This was done to ensure that the United States received San Diego and its

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While the Mexican government could not reasonably have expected the Polk Administration to accept such terms, it would have had reason to hope that a rejection of peace terms so favorable to Northern interests might have the potential to provoke sectional conflict in the United States or perhaps even

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Despite several military defeats, the Mexican government was reluctant to agree to the loss of California and New Mexico. Even with its capital under enemy occupation, the Mexican government was inclined to consider factors such as the unwillingness of the U.S. administration to annex Mexico outright

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In turn, the U.S. government paid Mexico $ 15 million "in consideration of the extension acquired by the boundaries of the United States" and agreed to pay debts owed to American citizens by the Mexican government. Mexicans in areas annexed by the U.S. could relocate within Mexico's new boundaries or

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was ongoing in Yucatán, and the insurgents in that conflict had occupied the major cities. Many states considered the federal government to be an enemy and refused to pay taxes. Meanwhile, most notably in the Federal District there was a Mexican element advocating annexation of the entire country to

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Meanwhile, the President had to deal with guerilla warfare throughout the country afflicting both the American occupiers and Mexican merchants. The aim of the guerillas was to disrupt the American supply chain from Veracruz to the capital. This was also leading to indiscriminate American reprisals.

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The majority of congress supported the government's peace policy viewing in the Treaty of Guadalupe nothing but the unfortunate result of a poorly fought war, and viewed under this perspective as a national necessity. A foreign relations commission returned affirmative answers to two questions that

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vote of 51 to 34 and a Senate vote of 33 to 4, on 19 May 1848. News that New Mexico's legislative assembly had just passed an act for the organization of a U.S. territorial government helped ease Mexican concern about abandoning the people of New Mexico. The treaty was formally proclaimed on 4 July

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awarded in lands ceded to the United States by those respective governments to citizens of Spain and Mexico. Article VIII guaranteed that Mexicans who remained more than one year in the ceded lands would automatically become full-fledged United States citizens (or they could declare their intention

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of 25–26 April, when Mexican forces attacked an American unit in the disputed area, with the result that 11 Americans were killed, five wounded, and 49 captured, Congress passed a declaration of war, which Polk signed on 13 May 1846. The Mexican Congress responded with its own war declaration on 23

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Article XI, however, proved unenforceable. Destructive Indian raids continued despite a heavy U.S. presence near the Mexican border. Mexico filed 366 claims with the U.S. government for damages done by Comanche and Apache raids between 1848 and 1853. In 1853, in the Treaty of Mesilla concluding the

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by the Mexican government to its citizens were often not honored by the United States because of unilateral modifications to and interpretations of the Treaty and U.S. legal decisions. Land disputes between the descendants of Mexican land owners and Anglo Americans continued into the 21st century.

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The treaty extended the choice of U.S. citizenship to Mexicans in the newly purchased territories before many African Americans, Asians, and Native Americans were eligible. If they chose to, they had to declare to the U.S. government within a year of the Treaty being signed; otherwise, they could

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The border commission also faced many difficulties in mapping out the border, with the surveying process lasting over 7 years, due to the challenges of marking out a border in such a vast desolate territory and negotiating with indigenous Americans who had not been considered in the prior treaty

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The first question was resolved based upon the principle that congress was the deposit of the national sovereignty. The second question was resolved upon the consideration that Mexico had never been in full possession of the territories that were about to be ceded, and that most of that land was

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rights in California and other western states are based on the Visigothic Code which Spain adopted and then brought to the Americas, including the former territories of Mexico that were ceded to the U.S. Although each state had different motivations for adopting the Spanish approach, one common

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and, afterward, was questioned by senators. He was detained in a Senate committee room for one month, though he continued to file articles for his newspaper and ate and slept at the home of the sergeant at arms. Nugent did not reveal his source, and senators eventually gave up their efforts.

2037:. That is to say, the Mexican Cession is construed not to include any territory east of the Rio Grande, while the territorial claims of the Republic of Texas included no territory west of the Rio Grande. The Mexican Cession included essentially the entirety of the former Mexican territory of 2372:

advised Polk that if Mexico appointed commissioners to come to the United States, the government that appointed them would probably be overthrown before they completed their mission, and they would likely be shot as traitors on their return; so that the only hope of peace was to have a U.S.

2216:. Both the United Kingdom and France recognized the Republic of Texas's independence and repeatedly tried to dissuade Mexico from declaring war against its northern neighbor. British efforts to mediate the quandary proved fruitless, in part because other political disputes (particularly the 2795:

to maintain the border and, according to newer treaties, to allocate river waters between the two nations and to provide for flood control and water sanitation. Once viewed as a model of international cooperation, in recent decades, the IBWC has been heavily criticized as an institutional

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In addition to the sale of land, the treaty also provided recognition of the Rio Grande as the boundary between the state of Texas and Mexico. The land boundaries were established by a survey team of appointed Mexican and American representatives, and published in three volumes as the

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On 30 May 1848, when the two countries exchanged ratifications of the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, they further negotiated a three-article protocol to explain the amendments. The first article stated that the original Article IX of the treaty, although replaced by Article III of the

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The residents had one year to choose whether they wanted American or Mexican citizenship; over 90% chose American citizenship. The others moved to what remained of Mexico (where they received land) or, in some cases in New Mexico, were allowed to remain in place as Mexican citizens.

2701:. Today they comprise some or all of the U.S. states of Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming. While this land was vast in area, most of it was very sparsely populated, inhabited mostly by indigenous Americans, rather than white Americans or Mexicans. 2099:

into Mexico, prohibited Americans from acquiring property, including livestock, taken by the Indians in those raids, and stated that the United States would return captives of the Indians to Mexico. Mexicans believed that the United States had encouraged and assisted the

2358: — lands that, if annexed by the United States, would have been presumed by Northerners to be forever free of slavery. The Mexicans also offered to recognize the freedom of Texas from Mexican rule and its right to join the Union but held to its demand of the 216: 201: 2160:(1912). The area of domain acquired was given by the Federal Interagency Committee as 338,680,960 acres. The cost was $ 16,295,149 or approximately 5 cents an acre. The remainder (the southern parts) of New Mexico and Arizona were peacefully purchased under the 2032:

In the United States, the 1.36 million km (530,000 sq mi) of the area between the Adams-Onis and Guadalupe Hidalgo boundaries outside the 1,007,935 km (389,166 sq mi) claimed by the Republic of Texas is known as the

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and the southern boundaries of today's Utah and Colorado. Anglo-American settlers already dominated this territory, but perhaps more importantly from the Mexican point of view, it represented the bulk of pre-war Mexican territory north of the

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and recalled that a group of Mexico's leading citizens had invited General Winfield Scott to become dictator of Mexico after his capture of Mexico City (he declined). However, the movement did not draw widespread support. President Polk's

5450: 1939:, Trist and General Scott determined that the only way to deal with Mexico was as a conquered enemy. Trist negotiated with a special commission representing the collapsed government led by José Bernardo Couto, Miguel de Atristain, and 1153: 5277: 1559: 3894:

Robert J. McCarthy, Executive Authority, Adaptive Treaty Interpretation, and the International Boundary and Water Commission, U.S.-Mexico, 14-2 U. Denv. Water L. Rev. 197(Spring 2011) (also available for free download at

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in December 1847 upheld Mexican independence and argued at length that occupation and any further military operations in Mexico were aimed at securing a treaty ceding California and New Mexico up to approximately the

1821: 212: 2192:. The Spanish had conquered part of the area from the American Indian tribes over the preceding three centuries. Still, powerful and independent indigenous nations remained within that northern region of Mexico. 2001:

and down the river to its mouth. Unlike the New Mexico segment of the boundary, which depended partly on unknown geography, "to preclude all difficulty in tracing upon the ground the limit separating Upper from

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Most of that land was too dry and too mountainous to support a large population. About 80,000 Mexicans inhabited California, New Mexico, Arizona, and Texas during the period 1845 to 1850, with far fewer in

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to the presidency of the republic, and Peña y Peña left his post as president in exchange for the presidency of the Supreme Court on 3 June 1848. The government left Querétaro and returned to the capital.

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Article XII engaged the United States to pay, "In consideration of the extension acquired", 15 million dollars (equivalent to $ 530 million today), in annual installments of 3 million dollars.

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The Library holds the copy of the Treaty found in Nicholas Trist's papers, and as such, it does not represent the final version of the document which is kept at the U.S. National Archives.

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in May, 1848 while Mexico City was occupied, and were now faced with the task of negotiating the treaty while dealing with separatism and anarchy spreading throughout the country. The

2780:. The shifting of the Rio Grande since the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe caused a dispute over the boundary between the states of New Mexico and Texas, a case referred to as the 5403: 1655: 4358: 3052:

U.S. Congress. Recommendation of the Public Land Commission for Legislation as to Private Land Claims, 46th Congress, 2nd Session, 1880, House Executive Document 46, pp. 1116–17.

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U.S. forces quickly moved beyond Texas to conquer Alta California, and New Mexico. Fighting there ended on 13 January 1847 with the signing of the "Capitulation Agreement" at "

1970:, the text of the treaty did not list territories to be ceded and avoided the disputed issues that were causes of war: the validity of the 1836 revolution that established the 1807: 1489: 2164:, which was carried out in 1853. In this purchase, the United States paid an additional $ 10 million (equivalent to $ 290 million in 2023) for land intended to accommodate a 2029:

to the Guadalupe Hidalgo boundary, Mexico conceded about 55% of its pre-war, pre-Texas territorial claims and now has an area of 1,972,550 km (761,610 sq mi).

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of 1819, under which newly independent Mexico claimed it had inherited rights. In that agreement, the United States had "renounced forever" all claims to Spanish territory.

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The United States and Mexico, 1821–1848: a history of the relations between the two countries from the independence of Mexico to the close of the war with the United States

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driver was that it was already in place in the region for many years. Changing to a common law system for marital property "would have been nothing short of a revolution".

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Slavery, Scandal, and Steel Rails: The 1854 Gadsden Purchase and the Building of the Second Transcontinental Railroad Across Arizona and New Mexico Twenty-Five Years Later

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The United States ratified the treaty on 10 March and Mexico on 19 May. The ratifications were exchanged on 30 May, and the treaty was proclaimed on 4 July 1848.

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in 1854, intended to rectify an error in the original treaty, but led to Mexico demanding a large sum of money for the revision, which was paid. There was also

1637: 2254:, which was signed on 15 June 1846. By avoiding any chance of conflict with Great Britain, the United States was given a free hand regarding Mexico. After the 2603:

The protocol further noted that the Mexican Minister of Foreign Affairs had accepted said explanations on behalf of the Mexican Government, and was signed in

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The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed by Nicholas Trist (on behalf of the United States) and Luis G. Cuevas, Bernardo Couto, and Miguel Atristain as

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The United States would later ignore the protocol on the grounds that the U.S. representatives had over-reached their authority in agreeing to it.

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in general, and rejected this expansion in particular. The amount of land gained by the United States from Mexico was further increased due to the

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May the government with the consent of Congress cede a portion of territory? Is it suitable to make peace upon the terms which have been proposed?

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The United States also agreed to assume $ 3.25 million (equivalent to $ 114.5 million today) in debts that Mexico owed to United States citizens.

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remain Mexican citizens, but they would have to relocate. Between 1850 and 1920, the U.S. Census counted most Mexicans as racially "white".

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of Indiana, and one each from Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Ohio, Missouri, and Tennessee. Most of the leaders of the Democratic party,

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The land that the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo brought into the United States became, between 1850 and 1912, all or part of nine states:

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After the defeat of its army and the fall of the capital in September 1847, Mexico entered into peace negotiations with the U.S. envoy,

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Noel, Linda C. (2011). "'I am an American': Anglos, Mexicans, Nativos, and the National Debate over Arizona and New Mexico Statehood".

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northwest from its mouth to the point where it strikes the southern boundary of New Mexico (roughly 32 degrees north), as shown in the

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Velazquez-Flores, Rafael. "Mexico's Foreign Policy in the Nineteenth Century: The Origins of Principled Pragmatism, 1821–1853." in

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Writing many years later, Nicholas Trist would describe the treaty as "a thing for every right-minded American to be ashamed of".

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Neither side took any further action to avoid a war. Meanwhile, Polk settled a major territorial dispute with Britain via the

6701: 6112: 5766: 5564: 5531: 4344: 4336: 4244: 3871:"Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: Findings and Possible Options Regarding Longstanding Community Land Grant Claims in New Mexico" 2856: 2851: 990: 2549: 6379: 5470: 5423: 5377: 5175: 4879: 4472: 3453: 2757: 2742: 1936: 1760: 1262: 976: 585: 2355: 6416: 6107: 4844: 4034:

Pinheiro, John C. " 'Religion without Restriction': Anti-Catholicism, All Mexico, and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo."

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of North Carolina to exclude New Mexico and California lost 35–15, with three Southern Whigs voting with the Democrats.

2465: 2239:. The Mexican government dismissed Slidell, refusing to even meet with him. Earlier in that year, Mexico had broken off 1702: 595: 330: 2095:

Article XI of the treaty was important to Mexico. It provided that the United States would prevent and punish raids by

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Treaty of Peace, Friendship, Limits, and Settlement between the United States of America and the United Mexican States

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Treaty of Peace, Friendship, Limits, and Settlement between the United States of America and the United Mexican States

6421: 4751: 2698: 2232: 1967: 1406: 430: 3294:. Issued quarterly by United States Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management. 1 January 1958. p. 7. 6547: 6369: 6175: 6165: 6117: 2310: 1904: 1203: 500: 6537: 6447: 6364: 6359: 6251: 6170: 5607: 5455: 5064: 4809: 2296:. By the middle of September 1847, U.S. forces had successfully invaded central Mexico and occupied Mexico City. 2173: 2140:(1912), as well as, depending upon interpretation, the entire state of Texas (1845), which then included part of 2081: 2003: 1750: 1707: 1439: 1386: 1011: 863: 555: 420: 4492: 2268: 2244: 2026: 1839: 357: 6532: 6467: 6271: 6190: 5934: 5794: 5617: 5391: 5059: 4771: 4195: 3666: 2042: 1974:, Texas's boundary claims as far as the Rio Grande, and the right of the Republic of Texas to arrange the 1845 1853:. The resulting treaty required Mexico to cede 55 percent of its territory including the present-day states of 1196: 1080: 792: 545: 450: 4849: 4804: 3817: 600: 495: 3725: 2582:

As the peace treaty was concluded and the occupiers were on the point of leaving the country, congress named

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raids that had devastated northern Mexico in the years before the war. This article promised relief to them.

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who were in Mexico to negotiate the treaty after congress had approved it with some slight modifications.

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finally was completed as a second transcontinental railroad, fulfilling the purpose of the acquisition.

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that was decided by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1927. Controversy over community land grant claims in

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Original Capitulation Agreement document (one of 25) on view at Campo de Cahuenga historical site

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was bitter that four New England senators made deciding votes for acquiring the new territories.

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of 1853, which ceded parts of present-day southern Arizona and New Mexico to the United States.

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of Mexican citizens living in the transferred territories. Despite assurances to the contrary,

1935:'s representative. After two previous unsuccessful attempts to negotiate a treaty with General 6062: 6022: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5919: 5904: 5658: 5270: 4999: 4766: 4761: 4665: 4138: 4021: 3970: 3949: 3916: 3772: 3726:"Historical Census Statistics on the Foreign-born Population of the United States: 1850–1990." 3361: 3310: 3266: 3262: 3156: 3067: 2986: 2726:

Border disputes continued. Mexico's economic problems persisted, leading to the controversial

2627: 2553: 2441: 2404: 2289: 2231:, to Mexico. Slidell had instructions to offer Mexico around $ 5 million for the territory of 2209: 2011: 1971: 1552: 1545: 749: 485: 445: 440: 240: 219: 204: 3700: 3152: 3031: 6552: 6374: 5874: 5789: 5784: 5731: 5701: 5663: 5633: 5493: 5104: 5094: 5084: 5074: 4961: 4819: 4791: 4685: 4487: 4165: 4130: 4062: 4054: 3742: 3339: 3207: 3123: 2876: 2824: 2746: 2727: 2643: 2205: 2161: 2113: 1975: 1912: 1908: 1363: 1189: 1130: 997: 969: 858: 699: 610: 470: 248: 17: 6542: 6522: 6499: 6331: 6307: 6276: 6256: 6226: 5834: 5809: 5779: 5741: 5726: 5653: 5638: 5572: 4921: 4781: 4741: 4731: 4497: 4405: 3408: 2710: 2694: 2608: 2571: 2515: 2469: 2425: 2416:

eliminated Article X, which stated that the U.S. government would honor and guarantee all

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ratified the treaty by a vote of 38–14. The opponents of this treaty were led by the

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Bowden, J. J. (1959). "The Texas-New Mexico Boundary Dispute along the Rio Grande".

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by the U.S. Senate by a vote of 38 to 14 on 10 March 1848 and by Mexico through a

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Mexico had claimed the area in question since winning its independence from the

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anachronism, bypassed by modern social, environmental, and political issues.

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The armed forces of both countries routinely crossed the border. Mexican and

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before the U.S. Senate could approve it. Nugent published his article in the

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delayed the construction of such a route, and it was not until 1881 that the

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as an independent country, had warned that annexation would be viewed as an

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Principled Pragmatism in Mexico's Foreign Policy: Variables and Assumptions

3538: 2200:, southern and western Colorado, and Utah. On 1 March 1845, U.S. President 480: 2388:(within the present city limits) as U.S. troops under the command of Gen. 2380:

representatives of Mexico on 2 February 1848 at the main altar of the old

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Nicholas Trist negotiated the peace talks; Trist, the chief clerk of the

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The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo led to the establishment in 1889 of the

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contributed heavily to the rise in North–South tensions that led to the

5114: 5089: 4700: 4690: 4680: 4661: 4150: 4118: 4074: 4039: 3066:(2nd ed.). Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 86–87. 2149: 2137: 2070: 2058: 1878: 1874: 1315: 787: 287: 277: 236: 4455: 4271: 3747:

University of Maryland Law Journal of Race, Religion, Gender and Class

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Treaties and Other International Acts of the United States of America

3144:"Citizenship and Property Rights: U.S. Interpretations of the Treaty" 2646:(brown). Part of the area marked as Gadsden Purchase near modern-day 2197: 2141: 2129: 2105: 2050: 1858: 1695: 297: 123: 113: 101: 4134: 4058: 3896: 3821: 2223:

On 10 November 1845, before the outbreak of hostilities, President

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The Mexicans proposed peace terms that offered only the sale of

2133: 2054: 1862: 590: 5513: 4634: 4294: 2006:", a straight line was drawn from the mouth of the Gila to one 4010:

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signed legislation to authorize the United States to

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http://www.tamu.edu/faculty/ccbn/dewitt/adamonis.htm

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were opposed, and the amendment was defeated 44–11.

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Articles VIII and IX ensured the safety of existing

1893:

receive American citizenship and full civil rights.

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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (History of New Mexico)

1981:Instead, Article V of the treaty described the new 184: 150: 87: 79: 69: 54: 37: 3254: 3142: 6712:Treaties of the Second Federal Republic of Mexico 4523:List of federal judges appointed by James K. Polk 3332:Annals of the Association of American Geographers 3229:"Sonora: Four Centuries of Indigenous Resistance" 3151:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 1985:. From east to west, the border consisted of the 5481:List of Mexican-American political organizations 3915:. North Carolina: Algonquin Books. p. 390. 4272:"A Continent Divided: The U.S.-Mexico War]" 4223:"Library of Congress Guide to the Mexican War" 3196:"Independent Indians and the U.S. Mexican War" 2693:The United States received the territories of 27:1848 agreement ending the Mexican–American War 5525: 4646: 4306: 4119:"The Republic of Lower California, 1853-1854" 3653:(in Spanish). J.M. Aguilar Cruz. p. 353. 3631:(in Spanish). J.M. Aguilar Cruz. p. 352. 1997:, then north along the 110th meridian to the 1815: 8: 4359:Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives 4088:. Vol. 2. New York: C. Scribner's Sons. 2280:. S. Augustus Mitchell, Philadelphia, 1847. 32: 6123:Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument 5499:Category:American people of Mexican descent 4106:(Michigan State UP, 1979) pp. 168–194. 3487: 3485: 3483: 3481: 3479: 3477: 2938:U.S. National Archives, Milestone Documents 2793:International Boundary and Water Commission 2444:was supported by both senators from Texas ( 6095: 5532: 5518: 5510: 4653: 4639: 4631: 4313: 4299: 4291: 4104:United States Foreign Relations, 1820-1860 3542:Library of Congress, Hispanic Reading Room 3505: 3503: 3459:, Volume 10, Issue 123. 19 September 1846. 3411:From: yale.edu. Retrieved 6 November 2007. 2412:The version of the treaty ratified by the 2284:shown including Nevada, Utah, and Arizona. 1881:. Mexico also relinquished all claims for 1822: 1808: 1728: 1603: 1460: 1288: 1118: 894: 732: 335: 261: 227: 43: 31: 6627:History of the Southwestern United States 4544:President James K. Polk Home & Museum 4188:"Text of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo" 3791: 3712: 3667:Treaty of Hidalgo, Protocol of Querétaro. 3662: 3660: 3432: 3211: 3101: 2657:United States and Mexican Boundary Survey 2565:congress had directed it to report upon: 6400:Utah Territory in the American Civil War 4431:1844 United States presidential election 4421:James K. Polk 1844 presidential campaign 4416:1840 United States presidential election 3969:, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2681: 1183:Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza 6480:Colorado Plateau and Canyonlands region 5451:U.S. communities with Hispanic majority 4835:Mission Cultural Center for Latino Arts 3963:Griswold del Castillo, Richard (1990), 3729:U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division 3557:The United States and Mexico, 1821–1848 3141:Griswold del Castillo, Richard (1990). 2914:. US National Archives. 2 February 1848 2899: 2868: 2502:A motion to insert into the treaty the 2010:south of the southernmost point of the 1993:, then due west from this point to the 1907:, who had opposed the war and rejected 1671: 1606: 1569: 1463: 1415: 1397:Mission Cultural Center for Latino Arts 1377: 1329: 1291: 1213: 1172: 1144: 1121: 1056: 959: 925: 897: 834: 801: 773: 735: 624: 469: 386: 338: 305: 264: 235: 97: 6617:Treaties involving territorial changes 6199:Flaming Gorge National Recreation Area 3803: 3701:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Article V 2772:led a raid on the U.S. border town of 6707:Aboriginal title in the United States 6632:History of United States expansionism 6303:Golden Spike National Historical Park 5466:List of Hispanic and Latino Americans 4539:President James K. Polk Historic Site 3845:The Southwestern Historical Quarterly 3762: 3760: 3601:Online Highways LLC editorial group. 3588: 3468: 1956:"Mapa de los Estados Unidos de Méjico 7: 6592:Treaties of the Mexican–American War 6204:Glen Canyon National Recreation Area 5476:List of Mexican-American communities 4901:1985–1987 Watsonville Cannery strike 4241:magazine article on the treaty leak" 4094:Mississippi Valley Historical Review 3026: 3024: 2934:"Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)" 2766:Second French intervention in Mexico 2016:previous Mexican provincial boundary 1164:UCLA Chicano Studies Research Center 6677:Pre-statehood history of New Mexico 6662:Pre-statehood history of California 6607:Peace treaties of the United States 6518:America's Freedom Festival at Provo 5278:DHS v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal. 5222:Espinoza v. Farah Manufacturing Co. 4426:1844 Democratic National Convention 4411:1840 Democratic National Convention 3087:Perdoni, Kate (30 September 2021). 2548:The Mexican Congress and President 1889:as the southern boundary of Texas. 1560:DHS v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal. 1497:Espinoza v. Farah Manufacturing Co. 4549:List of memorials to James K. Polk 3741:Newcombe, Caroline Bermeo (2011). 3724:Gibson, C.J. and E. Lennon. 1999. 3651:Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II 3629:Los Gobernantes de Mexico: Tomo II 3539:"The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo." 3454:"Mexican Argument for Annexation." 3344:10.1111/j.1467-8306.1975.tb01046.x 2840:Bibliography of California history 2544:President Manuel de la Peña y Peña 2304:Some Eastern Democrats called for 2045:, and includes all of present-day 2041:, but only the western portion of 1026:The Revolt of the Cockroach People 25: 6667:Pre-statehood history of Colorado 6485:Wasatch and Uinta montane forests 6143:Timpanogos Cave National Monument 6133:Natural Bridges National Monument 4180:"The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo" 3909:Morgan, Robert (21 August 2012). 3897:https://ssrn.com/abstract=1839903 3511:"The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo" 3177:"The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo" 2749:are not mentioned in the Treaty. 2428:giving the United States most of 2408:First page of the original treaty 2069:, and the southwestern corner of 6657:Pre-statehood history of Arizona 6565: 6138:Rainbow Bridge National Monument 5070:Mexican-American women's fashion 4614: 4613: 4454: 3996:. Berkeley, The University press 2760:troops often clashed during the 2741:incident in that same year. The 2678:Land gained by the United States 2650:, was disputed after the Treaty. 1779: 247: 169: 157: 135: 122: 112: 100: 6672:Pre-statehood history of Nevada 6490:Rocky Mountain Floristic Region 5215:San Antonio I.S.D. v. Rodriguez 4082:Rives, George Lockhart (1913). 3948:. Philadelphia: Chelsea House. 3576:"The Senate Arrests a Reporter" 3560:. C. Scribner's Sons. pp. 3402:Adams-Onis Treaty, Article III. 2400:Debate in the American Congress 1490:San Antonio I.S.D. v. Rodriguez 416:California agricultural strikes 6113:Cedar Breaks National Monument 4337:President of the United States 3771:. Princeton University Press. 3649:Rivera Cambas, Manuel (1873). 3627:Rivera Cambas, Manuel (1873). 3554:George Lockhart Rives (1913). 3231:. Houston Institute of Culture 3200:The American Historical Review 2857:Aboriginal title in New Mexico 2852:Aboriginal title in California 2536:Debate in the Mexican Congress 2322:and transit rights across the 2025:Comparing the boundary in the 991:From This Wicked Patch of Dust 1: 6682:Pre-statehood history of Utah 6602:Mexico–United States treaties 4880:Occupation of Catalina Island 4855:Farm workers' rights campaign 4473:Inauguration of James K. Polk 4036:Journal of the Early Republic 3603:"Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo" 3032:"Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo" 2743:Channel Islands of California 2306:complete annexation of Mexico 1047:...y no se lo tragó la tierra 586:Occupation of Catalina Island 6692:History of Mexican Americans 6622:History of the American West 6108:Bears Ears National Monument 3731:. Retrieved 6 November 2007. 3544:. Retrieved 6 November 2007. 3497:. Retrieved 6 November 2007. 3492:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. 3261:. New York: Knopf. pp. 3062:Gonzales, Manuel G. (2009). 2881:Tratado de Guadalupe Hidalgo 2736:Republic of Lower California 2523:The treaty was subsequently 1703:Indigenous Mexican Americans 1407:Self Help Graphics & Art 18:Tratado de Guadalupe Hidalgo 6697:Mexico–United States border 6687:Presidency of James K. Polk 6390:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 6128:Hovenweep National Monument 4508:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 3940:Davenport, John C. (2005). 3934:Sources and further reading 3876:. General Accounting Office 2717:free states or slave states 2235:and up to $ 40 million for 2206:annex the Republic of Texas 2190:Mexican War of Independence 2116:, Article XI was annulled. 1836:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1005:The Dirty Girls Social Club 378:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 33:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 6728: 6345:Black Hawk War (1865–1872) 6176:Capitol Reef National Park 6166:Bryce Canyon National Park 6118:Dinosaur National Monument 4261:"Occupation and Aftermath" 4117:Wyllys, Rufus Kay (1933). 4047:American Historical Review 2723:just over a decade later. 2708: 2663:excellent natural harbor. 2491:An amendment by Whig Sen. 2311:State of the Union address 2266: 1204:This Bridge Called My Back 950:Who Would Have Thought It? 6652:1848 in the United States 6561: 6538:Utah Shakespeare Festival 6360:Runaway Officials of 1851 6252:Park City Mountain Resort 6191:National recreation areas 6171:Canyonlands National Park 5551: 5489: 5065:Mexican-American folklore 4845:Plan Espiritual de Aztlán 4592: 4452: 4328: 4123:Pacific Historical Review 3128:10.1525/phr.2011.80.3.430 3116:Pacific Historical Review 2912:NATIONAL ARCHIVES CATALOG 2820:Californios in literature 2509:The treaty was leaked to 2174:Southern Pacific Railroad 2166:transcontinental railroad 1877:, and a small portion of 1708:Punjabi Mexican Americans 1440:Great Wall of Los Angeles 1012:The House on Mango Street 864:Mexican-American folklore 596:Plan Espiritual de Aztlán 421:Cantaloupe strike of 1928 210: 58:2 February 1848 42: 6612:Peace treaties of Mexico 6533:Utah...This Is the Place 6272:Solitude Mountain Resort 5060:Mexican-American cuisine 3767:St John, Rachel (2011). 2776:, which was followed by 2699:Santa Fe de Nuevo México 2550:Manuel de la Peña y Peña 2043:Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico 2014:, slightly north of the 1968:Santa Fe de Nuevo México 1786:United States portal 1197:The Church in the Barrio 1057:Poetry and Short Stories 793:Mexican-American cuisine 634:1985–1987 cannery strike 6642:1848 in Alta California 6313:Lagoon (amusement park) 5583:Congressional districts 5250:Flores-Figueroa v. U.S. 5146:Coyolxauhqui imperative 4518:Rivers and Harbors Bill 4478:Oregon boundary dispute 4446:Tennessee State Capitol 3309:. New York: iUniverse. 2815:Annexation Bill of 1866 2778:the Pershing expedition 2218:Oregon boundary dispute 1937:José Joaquín de Herrera 1933:President James K. Polk 1525:Flores-Figueroa v. U.S. 1369:Royal Chicano Air Force 1228:Coyolxauhqui imperative 1040:Under the Feet of Jesus 5717:Great Salt Lake Desert 5229:U.S. v. Brignoni-Ponce 4995:Anti-Mexican sentiment 4957:Killing of Adam Toledo 4940:Great American Boycott 4810:Centro de Arte Público 4503:All of Mexico Movement 4016:Ohrt, Wallace (1997). 3990:Klein, Julius (1905). 3360:Facts On File, p. 23. 3305:Devine, David (2004). 2981:Ohrt, Wallace (1997). 2880: 2788:persists to this day. 2690: 2651: 2576:Ambrose Hundley Sevier 2545: 2486:Ambrose Hundley Sevier 2440:, and a large part of 2409: 2343:Santa Cruz, California 2324:Isthmus of Tehuantepec 2285: 2188:in 1821 following the 2061:, western portions of 1978:by the United States. 1962:Although Mexico ceded 1959: 1929:General Winfield Scott 1504:U.S. v. Brignoni-Ponce 1387:Centro de Arte Público 1349:East Los Streetscapers 1088:Pensamiento Serpentino 678:Great American Boycott 556:Las Adelitas de Aztlán 526:Conferencia de Mujeres 314:Anti-Mexican sentiment 6702:Texas border disputes 6458:Butterflies and moths 6380:Territorial evolution 6298:Bonneville Salt Flats 6232:Brian Head Ski Resort 5264:Mendez v. Westminster 5201:Botiller v. Dominguez 5181:Youth control complex 5050:Estrada Courts murals 4911:2019 El Paso shooting 4889:Post-Chicano Movement 4850:Plan de Santa Bárbara 4805:Católicos por La Raza 4348:Governor of Tennessee 4267:on 21 September 2013. 4008:Morrison, Michael A. 3816:Barnard R. Thompson. 3678:David Hunter Miller, 3517:. Library of Congress 3515:Hispanic Reading Room 3383:. presidency.ucsb.edu 3194:Delay, Brian (2007). 3091:. Rocky Mountain PBS. 3009:. Avalon.law.yale.edu 2962:. Avalon.law.yale.edu 2685: 2641: 2591:Protocol of Querétaro 2543: 2450:Thomas Jefferson Rusk 2407: 2382:Basilica of Guadalupe 2356:parallel 36°30′ north 2292:" and the end of the 2276: 2180:Background to the war 1954: 1925:U.S. State Department 1838:officially ended the 1582:Madrigal v. Quilligan 1539:Mendez v. Westminster 1476:Botiller v. Dominguez 1268:Youth control complex 644:2019 El Paso shooting 601:Plan de Santa Bárbara 496:Católicos por La Raza 426:Citrus Strike of 1936 368:San Elizario Salt War 339:Early-American Period 6427:2002 Winter Olympics 6161:Arches National Park 5257:Leal Garcia v. Texas 4952:Justice for Janitors 4870:Los Siete de la Raza 4865:Colegio César Chávez 4757:Mexican Repatriation 4725:Pre-Chicano Movement 4583:William Hawkins Polk 4565:Sarah Childress Polk 4493:Mexican–American War 4096:11#1 (1924): 85–98. 4038:23.1 (2003): 69–96. 3407:19 July 2006 at the 3213:10.1086/ahr.112.1.35 2782:Country Club Dispute 2774:Columbus, New Mexico 2584:Jose Joaquin Herrera 2493:George Edmund Badger 2414:United States Senate 2269:Mexican–American War 2241:diplomatic relations 1840:Mexican–American War 1532:Leal Garcia v. Texas 1154:MAS Programs, Tucson 943:Living Up the Street 695:Justice for Janitors 561:Los Siete de la Raza 516:Colegio César Chávez 436:Mexican Repatriation 387:Pre-Chicano Movement 358:Mexican–American War 6267:Snowbird Ski Resort 6237:Brighton Ski Resort 5080:New Mexican cuisine 4906:1992 Drywall Strike 4875:Los Seis de Boulder 4860:Land grant struggle 4777:Sleepy Lagoon trial 4379:U.S. Representative 4367:U.S. Representative 4228:Library of Congress 4171:Library of Congress 2648:Mesilla, New Mexico 2598:Treaty of Louisiana 2561:the United States. 2474:Herschel V. Johnson 2454:Daniel S. Dickinson 2352:Missouri Compromise 2339:37th parallel north 2316:32nd parallel north 1995:110th meridian west 1976:annexation of Texas 1941:Luis Gonzaga Cuevas 1885:and recognized the 1571:Federal Court cases 1465:Supreme Court cases 783:New Mexican cuisine 745:Abrazos, no balazos 666:Chicano Art Exhibit 639:1992 Drywall Strike 625:Post-Chicano Period 616:United Farm Workers 566:Los Seis de Boulder 551:Land grant struggle 541:Hijas de Cuauhtémoc 456:Sleepy Lagoon trial 231:Part of a series on 129:Luis Gonzaga Cuevas 118:Miguel de Atristain 107:José Bernardo Couto 34: 6647:1848 in California 6242:Cherry Peak Resort 6181:Zion National Park 6100:National monuments 5795:Cottonwood Heights 5288:By city and region 5208:Hernandez v. Texas 5171:Spiritual activism 5015:Chicano literature 4830:Chicano Moratorium 4737:Bisbee Deportation 3034:. ourdocuments.gov 2883:), officially the 2830:Treaty of Cahuenga 2762:American Civil War 2721:American Civil War 2691: 2671:Community property 2652: 2546: 2482:James Murray Mason 2466:Thomas Hart Benton 2462:Edward A. Hannegan 2458:Stephen A. Douglas 2410: 2347:Madera, California 2300:Peace negotiations 2286: 2170:American Civil War 2020:Playas de Rosarito 1983:U.S.–Mexico border 1960: 1931:as a diplomat and 1607:Population by City 1483:Hernandez v. Texas 1392:Galería de la Raza 1359:Mujeres Muralistas 1258:Spiritual activism 912:Chicano literature 907:Chicana literature 712:South Central Farm 536:East L.A. walkouts 511:Chicano Moratorium 401:Bisbee Deportation 353:Las Gorras Blancas 6579: 6578: 6326: 6325: 5507: 5506: 5456:Mexican Americans 5404:Dallas–Fort Worth 5271:Bernal v. Fainter 5243:Medellín v. Texas 4772:Porvenir Massacre 4767:Plan de San Diego 4762:Operation Wetback 4628: 4627: 3922:978-1-61620-189-0 3824:on 21 August 2011 3691:Mills, B. p. 122. 3605:. U-S-History.com 3495:National Archives 3358:U.S.-Mexican War. 3272:978-0-375-41341-4 3183:. 15 August 2016. 3073:978-0-253-33520-3 2768:. In March 1916, 2705:Additional issues 2628:Treaty of Mesilla 2622:Treaty of Mesilla 2607:by A. H. Sevier, 2341: — north of 2290:Campo de Cahuenga 2245:Adams–Onís Treaty 2210:Republic of Texas 2027:Adams–Onís Treaty 2012:port of San Diego 1972:Republic of Texas 1844:Guadalupe Hidalgo 1832: 1831: 1769: 1768: 1751:Mexican Americans 1716: 1715: 1656:Dallas–Fort Worth 1591: 1590: 1553:Perez v. Brownell 1546:Bernal v. Fainter 1518:Medellín v. Texas 1448: 1447: 1378:Art organizations 1276: 1275: 1104: 1103: 1081:Moment of Silence 882: 881: 720: 719: 486:Black-brown unity 451:Porvenir Massacre 446:Plan de San Diego 441:Operation Wetback 321: 320: 241:Mexican Americans 226: 225: 74:Guadalupe Hidalgo 16:(Redirected from 6719: 6570: 6569: 6568: 6553:Moab Jeep Safari 6422:Women's suffrage 6375:State of Deseret 6340:African American 6096: 5925:West Valley City 5732:San Rafael Swell 5702:Colorado Plateau 5534: 5527: 5520: 5511: 5494:Category:Chicano 5424:Salt Lake Valley 5134:Chicana/o Theory 5105:Teatro Campesino 5095:Regional Mexican 5085:New Mexico music 5075:Mexican muralism 4962:Murder of Selena 4825:Chicano Blowouts 4820:Chicana feminism 4792:Chicano Movement 4686:Mexican American 4666:Mexican American 4655: 4648: 4641: 4632: 4617: 4616: 4605:Zachary Taylor → 4488:Texas annexation 4458: 4386: 4374: 4362: 4351: 4340: 4315: 4308: 4301: 4292: 4287: 4275: 4268: 4263:. Archived from 4256: 4254: 4252: 4243:. 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Archived from 3813: 3807: 3801: 3795: 3789: 3783: 3782: 3764: 3755: 3754: 3738: 3732: 3722: 3716: 3710: 3704: 3698: 3692: 3689: 3683: 3676: 3670: 3664: 3655: 3654: 3646: 3633: 3632: 3624: 3615: 3614: 3612: 3610: 3598: 3592: 3586: 3580: 3579: 3572: 3566: 3565: 3551: 3545: 3536: 3530: 3529: 3524: 3522: 3507: 3498: 3489: 3472: 3466: 3460: 3451: 3445: 3442: 3436: 3430: 3424: 3418: 3412: 3399: 3393: 3392: 3390: 3388: 3377: 3368: 3356:Mills, B. 2003. 3354: 3348: 3347: 3327: 3321: 3320: 3302: 3296: 3295: 3291:Our Public Lands 3286: 3277: 3276: 3260: 3247: 3241: 3240: 3238: 3236: 3227:Schmal, John P. 3224: 3218: 3217: 3215: 3191: 3185: 3184: 3173: 3167: 3166: 3146: 3138: 3132: 3131: 3111: 3105: 3099: 3093: 3092: 3084: 3078: 3077: 3059: 3053: 3050: 3044: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3028: 3019: 3018: 3016: 3014: 3003: 2997: 2996: 2978: 2972: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2956: 2950: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2930: 2924: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2904: 2888: 2873: 2846:Aboriginal title 2825:Gadsden Purchase 2747:Farallon Islands 2728:Gadsden Purchase 2644:Gadsden Purchase 2484:of Virginia and 2424:An amendment by 2227:sent his envoy, 2162:Gadsden Purchase 2114:Gadsden Purchase 2004:Lower California 1913:Gadsden Purchase 1909:manifest destiny 1824: 1817: 1810: 1784: 1783: 1782: 1729: 1604: 1461: 1364:Teatro Campesino 1289: 1190:Brown, Not White 1131:Chicana feminism 1119: 998:Mexican WhiteBoy 970:Bless Me, Ultima 926:Autobiographical 895: 859:Lowrider bicycle 733: 700:Murder of Selena 611:Raza Unida Party 471:Chicano Movement 406:Bloody Christmas 336: 262: 251: 228: 175: 173: 172: 162: 161: 160: 140: 139: 127: 126: 117: 116: 105: 104: 65: 63: 47: 35: 21: 6727: 6726: 6722: 6721: 6720: 6718: 6717: 6716: 6582: 6581: 6580: 6575: 6572:Utah portal 6566: 6564: 6557: 6523:Mormon foodways 6506: 6500:Jardine Juniper 6436:Flora and fauna 6431: 6322: 6308:Great Salt Lake 6286: 6277:Sundance Resort 6257:Powder Mountain 6227:Beaver Mountain 6208: 6185: 6147: 6092:Important sites 6087: 5929: 5895:South Salt Lake 5761: 5742:Uinta Mountains 5727:Monument Valley 5683: 5622: 5559: 5547: 5538: 5508: 5503: 5485: 5429: 5283: 5185: 5129: 5115:Tex-Mex cuisine 4983: 4973:Proposition 187 4922:Arizona SB 1070 4884: 4786: 4782:Zoot Suit Riots 4742:Bracero program 4732:1917 Bath riots 4720: 4669: 4659: 4629: 4624: 4588: 4553: 4527: 4498:Thornton Affair 4459: 4450: 4406:Specie Circular 4389: 4377: 4365: 4354: 4343: 4332: 4324: 4319: 4278: 4270: 4259: 4250: 4248: 4247:on 27 July 2010 4235: 4221: 4214: 4210: 4202: 4194: 4190:. 25 June 2021. 4186: 4178: 4164: 4161: 4135:10.2307/3633829 4116: 4081: 4059:10.2307/1834723 4044: 4028: 4015: 3999: 3997: 3989: 3981: 3979: 3977: 3962: 3956: 3939: 3936: 3931: 3930: 3923: 3908: 3907: 3903: 3893: 3889: 3879: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3868: 3864: 3842: 3841: 3837: 3827: 3825: 3815: 3814: 3810: 3802: 3798: 3790: 3786: 3779: 3766: 3765: 3758: 3740: 3739: 3735: 3723: 3719: 3711: 3707: 3699: 3695: 3690: 3686: 3677: 3673: 3665: 3658: 3648: 3647: 3636: 3626: 3625: 3618: 3608: 3606: 3600: 3599: 3595: 3587: 3583: 3574: 3573: 3569: 3553: 3552: 3548: 3537: 3533: 3520: 3518: 3509: 3508: 3501: 3490: 3475: 3467: 3463: 3452: 3448: 3443: 3439: 3431: 3427: 3419: 3415: 3409:Wayback Machine 3400: 3396: 3386: 3384: 3379: 3378: 3371: 3355: 3351: 3329: 3328: 3324: 3317: 3304: 3303: 3299: 3288: 3287: 3280: 3273: 3251:Kluger, Richard 3249: 3248: 3244: 3234: 3232: 3226: 3225: 3221: 3193: 3192: 3188: 3175: 3174: 3170: 3163: 3140: 3139: 3135: 3122:(3): 430–467 . 3113: 3112: 3108: 3100: 3096: 3086: 3085: 3081: 3074: 3061: 3060: 3056: 3051: 3047: 3037: 3035: 3030: 3029: 3022: 3012: 3010: 3005: 3004: 3000: 2993: 2980: 2979: 2975: 2965: 2963: 2958: 2957: 2953: 2943: 2941: 2932: 2931: 2927: 2917: 2915: 2906: 2905: 2901: 2896: 2891: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2861: 2805: 2734:'s short-lived 2713: 2711:Bleeding Kansas 2707: 2695:Alta California 2680: 2636: 2624: 2613:Luis de la Rosa 2609:Nathan Clifford 2593: 2572:Nathan Clifford 2538: 2516:New York Herald 2470:John C. Calhoun 2426:Jefferson Davis 2402: 2392:were occupying 2378:plenipotentiary 2370:Jefferson Davis 2362:as a boundary. 2335:Alta California 2320:Baja California 2302: 2282:Alta California 2271: 2265: 2256:Thornton Affair 2237:Alta California 2182: 2168:. However, the 2122: 2078:property rights 2039:Alta California 2035:Mexican Cession 1964:Alta California 1949: 1921: 1828: 1780: 1778: 1771: 1770: 1765: 1746:Chicano rappers 1726: 1718: 1717: 1712: 1667: 1601: 1593: 1592: 1587: 1565: 1458: 1450: 1449: 1444: 1411: 1373: 1330:Art Collectives 1325: 1286: 1278: 1277: 1272: 1209: 1168: 1140: 1136:Chicanafuturism 1116: 1114:Chicano studies 1106: 1105: 1100: 1052: 1033:So Far from God 955: 921: 892: 884: 883: 878: 830: 797: 788:Tex-Mex cuisine 769: 755:Chicano English 730: 722: 721: 716: 706:Proposition 187 655:Arizona SB 1070 620: 501:Centro Cultural 465: 461:Zoot Suit Riots 411:Bracero program 396:1917 Bath riots 382: 333: 323: 322: 259: 170: 168: 158: 156: 146: 134: 131: 121: 111: 99: 96: 95: 61: 59: 50: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6725: 6723: 6715: 6714: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6669: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6637:1848 in Mexico 6634: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6584: 6583: 6577: 6576: 6562: 6559: 6558: 6556: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6514: 6512: 6508: 6507: 6505: 6504: 6503: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6487: 6482: 6472: 6471: 6470: 6465: 6460: 6455: 6450: 6439: 6437: 6433: 6432: 6430: 6429: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6409: 6404: 6403: 6402: 6395:Utah Territory 6392: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6365:Salt Lake City 6362: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6342: 6336: 6334: 6328: 6327: 6324: 6323: 6321: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6294: 6292: 6288: 6287: 6285: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6218: 6216: 6210: 6209: 6207: 6206: 6201: 6195: 6193: 6187: 6186: 6184: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6157: 6155: 6153:National parks 6149: 6148: 6146: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6110: 6104: 6102: 6093: 6089: 6088: 6086: 6085: 6080: 6075: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6030: 6025: 6020: 6015: 6010: 6005: 6000: 5995: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5950: 5945: 5939: 5937: 5931: 5930: 5928: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5880:Salt Lake City 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5855:Pleasant Grove 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5771: 5769: 5767:Largest cities 5763: 5762: 5760: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5744: 5739: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5719: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5699: 5693: 5691: 5685: 5684: 5682: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5630: 5628: 5624: 5623: 5621: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5578:Climate change 5575: 5569: 5567: 5561: 5560: 5555:Salt Lake City 5552: 5549: 5548: 5539: 5537: 5536: 5529: 5522: 5514: 5505: 5504: 5502: 5501: 5496: 5490: 5487: 5486: 5484: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5437: 5435: 5431: 5430: 5428: 5427: 5420: 5413: 5412: 5411: 5406: 5396: 5395: 5394: 5386: 5381: 5374: 5371:Nuevomexicanos 5367: 5360: 5353: 5346: 5341: 5334: 5327: 5320: 5302: 5301: 5300: 5291: 5289: 5285: 5284: 5282: 5281: 5274: 5267: 5260: 5253: 5246: 5239: 5232: 5225: 5218: 5211: 5204: 5196: 5194: 5187: 5186: 5184: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5158: 5153: 5151:Gringo justice 5148: 5143: 5137: 5135: 5131: 5130: 5128: 5127: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5032: 5027: 5025:Chicano poetry 5022: 5017: 5012: 5010:Chicano cinema 5007: 5002: 4997: 4991: 4989: 4985: 4984: 4982: 4981: 4976: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4954: 4949: 4942: 4937: 4930: 4925: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4892: 4890: 4886: 4885: 4883: 4882: 4877: 4872: 4867: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4796: 4794: 4788: 4787: 4785: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4734: 4728: 4726: 4722: 4721: 4719: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4677: 4675: 4671: 4670: 4660: 4658: 4657: 4650: 4643: 4635: 4626: 4625: 4623: 4622: 4609: 4608: 4601: 4593: 4590: 4589: 4587: 4586: 4580: 4574: 4568: 4561: 4559: 4555: 4554: 4552: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4535: 4533: 4529: 4528: 4526: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4500: 4495: 4490: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4469: 4467: 4461: 4460: 4453: 4451: 4449: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4397: 4395: 4391: 4390: 4388: 4387: 4375: 4363: 4352: 4341: 4329: 4326: 4325: 4320: 4318: 4317: 4310: 4303: 4295: 4289: 4288: 4276: 4257: 4233: 4219: 4208: 4200: 4192: 4184: 4176: 4160: 4159:External links 4157: 4156: 4155: 4129:(2): 194–213. 4114: 4107: 4102:Varg, Paul A. 4100: 4090: 4079: 4053:(2): 309–324. 4042: 4032: 4026: 4013: 4006: 3987: 3975: 3960: 3954: 3935: 3932: 3929: 3928: 3921: 3901: 3887: 3862: 3851:(2): 221–237. 3835: 3808: 3796: 3792:Davenport 2005 3784: 3777: 3756: 3733: 3717: 3713:Davenport 2005 3705: 3693: 3684: 3671: 3656: 3634: 3616: 3593: 3591:, p. 649. 3581: 3578:. U.S. Senate. 3567: 3546: 3531: 3499: 3473: 3471:, p. 622. 3461: 3457:The Living Age 3446: 3437: 3433:Davenport 2005 3425: 3413: 3394: 3369: 3349: 3338:(3): 378–390. 3322: 3315: 3297: 3278: 3271: 3242: 3219: 3186: 3168: 3161: 3133: 3106: 3102:Davenport 2005 3094: 3079: 3072: 3054: 3045: 3020: 2998: 2991: 2973: 2951: 2940:. 25 June 2021 2925: 2898: 2897: 2895: 2892: 2890: 2889: 2867: 2865: 2862: 2860: 2859: 2854: 2848: 2847: 2843: 2842: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2822: 2817: 2812: 2810:1848 in Mexico 2806: 2804: 2801: 2753:negotiations. 2732:William Walker 2706: 2703: 2679: 2676: 2635: 2632: 2623: 2620: 2592: 2589: 2554:Querétaro City 2537: 2534: 2504:Wilmot Proviso 2497:Daniel Webster 2401: 2398: 2390:Winfield Scott 2301: 2298: 2267:Main article: 2264: 2263:Conduct of war 2261: 2186:Spanish Empire 2181: 2178: 2121: 2118: 1991:Disturnell map 1948: 1945: 1927:, accompanied 1920: 1917: 1851:Nicholas Trist 1830: 1829: 1827: 1826: 1819: 1812: 1804: 1801: 1800: 1799: 1798: 1793: 1788: 1773: 1772: 1767: 1766: 1764: 1763: 1758: 1753: 1748: 1743: 1738: 1732: 1727: 1724: 1723: 1720: 1719: 1714: 1713: 1711: 1710: 1705: 1700: 1699: 1698: 1693: 1691:Nuevomexicanos 1688: 1677: 1674: 1673: 1669: 1668: 1666: 1665: 1664: 1663: 1658: 1648: 1641: 1634: 1627: 1620: 1612: 1609: 1608: 1602: 1599: 1598: 1595: 1594: 1589: 1588: 1586: 1585: 1577: 1574: 1573: 1567: 1566: 1564: 1563: 1556: 1549: 1542: 1535: 1528: 1521: 1514: 1507: 1500: 1493: 1486: 1479: 1471: 1468: 1467: 1459: 1456: 1455: 1452: 1451: 1446: 1445: 1443: 1442: 1437: 1435:Estrada Courts 1432: 1427: 1421: 1418: 1417: 1413: 1412: 1410: 1409: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1389: 1383: 1380: 1379: 1375: 1374: 1372: 1371: 1366: 1361: 1356: 1351: 1346: 1341: 1335: 1332: 1331: 1327: 1326: 1324: 1323: 1318: 1313: 1311:Chicano cinema 1308: 1303: 1297: 1294: 1293: 1287: 1284: 1283: 1280: 1279: 1274: 1273: 1271: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1250: 1245: 1240: 1235: 1233:Gringo justice 1230: 1225: 1219: 1216: 1215: 1211: 1210: 1208: 1207: 1200: 1193: 1186: 1178: 1175: 1174: 1170: 1169: 1167: 1166: 1161: 1156: 1150: 1147: 1146: 1142: 1141: 1139: 1138: 1133: 1127: 1124: 1123: 1117: 1112: 1111: 1108: 1107: 1102: 1101: 1099: 1098: 1091: 1084: 1077: 1070: 1062: 1059: 1058: 1054: 1053: 1051: 1050: 1043: 1036: 1029: 1022: 1015: 1008: 1001: 994: 987: 980: 973: 965: 962: 961: 957: 956: 954: 953: 946: 939: 936:Always Running 931: 928: 927: 923: 922: 920: 919: 917:Chicano poetry 914: 909: 903: 900: 899: 893: 890: 889: 886: 885: 880: 879: 877: 876: 871: 866: 861: 856: 851: 846: 840: 837: 836: 832: 831: 829: 828: 823: 818: 813: 807: 804: 803: 799: 798: 796: 795: 790: 785: 779: 776: 775: 771: 770: 768: 767: 762: 757: 752: 747: 741: 738: 737: 731: 728: 727: 724: 723: 718: 717: 715: 714: 709: 702: 697: 692: 687: 680: 675: 668: 663: 658: 651: 646: 641: 636: 630: 627: 626: 622: 621: 619: 618: 613: 608: 603: 598: 593: 588: 583: 578: 573: 568: 563: 558: 553: 548: 546:Huelga schools 543: 538: 533: 528: 523: 518: 513: 508: 503: 498: 493: 488: 483: 477: 474: 473: 467: 466: 464: 463: 458: 453: 448: 443: 438: 433: 428: 423: 418: 413: 408: 403: 398: 392: 389: 388: 384: 383: 381: 380: 375: 370: 365: 360: 355: 350: 348:Josefa Segovia 344: 341: 340: 334: 329: 328: 325: 324: 319: 318: 317: 316: 308: 307: 303: 302: 301: 300: 295: 290: 285: 280: 275: 267: 266: 260: 257: 256: 253: 252: 244: 243: 233: 232: 224: 223: 208: 207: 186: 182: 181: 180: 179: 166: 152: 148: 147: 145: 144: 142:Nicholas Trist 132: 119: 109: 93: 92: 91: 89: 85: 84: 81: 77: 76: 71: 67: 66: 56: 52: 51: 48: 40: 39: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6724: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6597:1848 treaties 6595: 6593: 6590: 6589: 6587: 6574: 6573: 6560: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6515: 6513: 6509: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6477: 6476: 6473: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6446: 6445: 6444: 6441: 6440: 6438: 6434: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6401: 6398: 6397: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6337: 6335: 6333: 6329: 6319: 6318:Temple Square 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6295: 6293: 6289: 6283: 6282:Wolf Mountain 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6222:Alta Ski Area 6220: 6219: 6217: 6215: 6211: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6196: 6194: 6192: 6188: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6158: 6156: 6154: 6150: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6105: 6103: 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5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5694: 5692: 5690: 5686: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5631: 5629: 5625: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5570: 5568: 5566: 5562: 5557: 5556: 5550: 5546: 5542: 5535: 5530: 5528: 5523: 5521: 5516: 5515: 5512: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5491: 5488: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5446:Chicano poets 5444: 5442: 5441:Chicano films 5439: 5438: 5436: 5432: 5425: 5421: 5418: 5414: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5401: 5400: 5397: 5393: 5390: 5389: 5388:Pennsylvania 5387: 5385: 5382: 5379: 5378:New York City 5375: 5372: 5368: 5365: 5361: 5358: 5354: 5351: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5339: 5335: 5332: 5328: 5325: 5321: 5318: 5314: 5313:San Francisco 5310: 5306: 5303: 5299: 5296: 5295: 5293: 5292: 5290: 5286: 5280: 5279: 5275: 5273: 5272: 5268: 5266: 5265: 5261: 5259: 5258: 5254: 5252: 5251: 5247: 5245: 5244: 5240: 5238: 5237: 5236:Plyler v. Doe 5233: 5231: 5230: 5226: 5224: 5223: 5219: 5217: 5216: 5212: 5210: 5209: 5205: 5203: 5202: 5198: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5191:Supreme Court 5188: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5161:New tribalism 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5141:Barrioization 5139: 5138: 5136: 5132: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5045:Cinco de Mayo 5043: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5020:Chicano names 5018: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5008: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4992: 4990: 4986: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4974: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4947: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4935: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4923: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4893: 4891: 4887: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4797: 4795: 4793: 4789: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4729: 4727: 4723: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4678: 4676: 4672: 4667: 4663: 4656: 4651: 4649: 4644: 4642: 4637: 4636: 4633: 4621: 4620: 4611: 4610: 4607: 4606: 4602: 4600: 4599: 4595: 4594: 4591: 4584: 4581: 4578: 4575: 4573:(grandfather) 4572: 4569: 4566: 4563: 4562: 4560: 4556: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4536: 4534: 4530: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4513:Walker tariff 4511: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4483:Oregon Treaty 4481: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4470: 4468: 4466: 4462: 4457: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4398: 4396: 4392: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4335: 4331: 4330: 4327: 4323: 4322:James K. Polk 4316: 4311: 4309: 4304: 4302: 4297: 4296: 4293: 4285: 4284:omniatlas.com 4281: 4277: 4273: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4246: 4242: 4240: 4234: 4230: 4229: 4224: 4220: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4177: 4173: 4172: 4167: 4163: 4162: 4158: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4115: 4112: 4108: 4105: 4101: 4099: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4086: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4043: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4027:0-89096-778-4 4023: 4019: 4014: 4011: 4007: 3995: 3994: 3988: 3978: 3976:0-8061-2240-4 3972: 3968: 3967: 3961: 3957: 3955:0-7910-7833-7 3951: 3947: 3946: 3943: 3938: 3937: 3933: 3924: 3918: 3914: 3913: 3905: 3902: 3898: 3891: 3888: 3872: 3866: 3863: 3858: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3839: 3836: 3823: 3819: 3812: 3809: 3805: 3800: 3797: 3794:, p. 60. 3793: 3788: 3785: 3780: 3778:9781400838639 3774: 3770: 3763: 3761: 3757: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3737: 3734: 3730: 3727: 3721: 3718: 3715:, p. 46. 3714: 3709: 3706: 3702: 3697: 3694: 3688: 3685: 3681: 3675: 3672: 3668: 3663: 3661: 3657: 3652: 3645: 3643: 3641: 3639: 3635: 3630: 3623: 3621: 3617: 3604: 3597: 3594: 3590: 3585: 3582: 3577: 3571: 3568: 3563: 3559: 3558: 3550: 3547: 3543: 3540: 3535: 3532: 3528: 3516: 3512: 3506: 3504: 3500: 3496: 3493: 3488: 3486: 3484: 3482: 3480: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3465: 3462: 3458: 3455: 3450: 3447: 3441: 3438: 3435:, p. 39. 3434: 3429: 3426: 3423: 3417: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3403: 3398: 3395: 3382: 3376: 3374: 3370: 3367: 3366:0-8160-4932-7 3363: 3359: 3353: 3350: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3326: 3323: 3318: 3316:0-595-32913-6 3312: 3308: 3301: 3298: 3293: 3292: 3285: 3283: 3279: 3274: 3268: 3264: 3259: 3258: 3252: 3246: 3243: 3230: 3223: 3220: 3214: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3190: 3187: 3182: 3178: 3172: 3169: 3164: 3162:0-8061-2240-4 3158: 3154: 3150: 3145: 3137: 3134: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3110: 3107: 3104:, p. 48. 3103: 3098: 3095: 3090: 3083: 3080: 3075: 3069: 3065: 3058: 3055: 3049: 3046: 3033: 3027: 3025: 3021: 3008: 3002: 2999: 2994: 2992:0-89096-778-4 2988: 2984: 2977: 2974: 2961: 2955: 2952: 2939: 2935: 2929: 2926: 2913: 2909: 2903: 2900: 2893: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2872: 2869: 2863: 2858: 2855: 2853: 2850: 2849: 2845: 2844: 2841: 2838: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2807: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2794: 2789: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2754: 2750: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2739:filibustering 2737: 2733: 2729: 2724: 2722: 2718: 2712: 2704: 2702: 2700: 2696: 2688: 2684: 2677: 2675: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2658: 2649: 2645: 2640: 2633: 2631: 2629: 2621: 2619: 2616: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2601: 2599: 2590: 2588: 2585: 2579: 2577: 2573: 2568: 2562: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2542: 2535: 2533: 2530: 2526: 2521: 2518: 2517: 2512: 2507: 2505: 2500: 2498: 2494: 2489: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2460:of Illinois, 2459: 2456:of New York, 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2422: 2419: 2415: 2406: 2399: 2397: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2374: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2337:north of the 2336: 2331: 2327: 2325: 2321: 2318:and possibly 2317: 2312: 2307: 2299: 2297: 2295: 2291: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2270: 2262: 2260: 2257: 2253: 2252:Oregon Treaty 2248: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2225:James K. Polk 2221: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2193: 2191: 2187: 2179: 2177: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2119: 2117: 2115: 2109: 2107: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2090: 2086: 2083: 2079: 2074: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2030: 2028: 2023: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2008:marine league 2005: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1979: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1957: 1953: 1946: 1944: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1918: 1916: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1897: 1894: 1890: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1847: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1825: 1820: 1818: 1813: 1811: 1806: 1805: 1803: 1802: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1777: 1776: 1775: 1774: 1762: 1759: 1757: 1754: 1752: 1749: 1747: 1744: 1742: 1741:Chicano poets 1739: 1737: 1736:Chicano films 1734: 1733: 1731: 1730: 1722: 1721: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1697: 1694: 1692: 1689: 1687: 1684: 1683: 1682: 1679: 1678: 1676: 1675: 1670: 1662: 1659: 1657: 1654: 1653: 1652: 1649: 1646: 1642: 1639: 1635: 1632: 1628: 1625: 1621: 1618: 1614: 1613: 1611: 1610: 1605: 1597: 1596: 1584: 1583: 1579: 1578: 1576: 1575: 1572: 1568: 1562: 1561: 1557: 1555: 1554: 1550: 1548: 1547: 1543: 1541: 1540: 1536: 1534: 1533: 1529: 1527: 1526: 1522: 1520: 1519: 1515: 1513: 1512: 1511:Plyler v. Doe 1508: 1506: 1505: 1501: 1499: 1498: 1494: 1492: 1491: 1487: 1485: 1484: 1480: 1478: 1477: 1473: 1472: 1470: 1469: 1466: 1462: 1454: 1453: 1441: 1438: 1436: 1433: 1431: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1422: 1420: 1419: 1414: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1388: 1385: 1384: 1382: 1381: 1376: 1370: 1367: 1365: 1362: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1344:Culture Clash 1342: 1340: 1337: 1336: 1334: 1333: 1328: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1314: 1312: 1309: 1307: 1304: 1302: 1299: 1298: 1296: 1295: 1290: 1282: 1281: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1248:New tribalism 1246: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1223:Barrioization 1221: 1220: 1218: 1217: 1212: 1206: 1205: 1201: 1199: 1198: 1194: 1192: 1191: 1187: 1185: 1184: 1180: 1179: 1177: 1176: 1171: 1165: 1162: 1160: 1157: 1155: 1152: 1151: 1149: 1148: 1145:Organizations 1143: 1137: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1128: 1126: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1110: 1109: 1097: 1096: 1092: 1090: 1089: 1085: 1083: 1082: 1078: 1076: 1075: 1071: 1069: 1068: 1064: 1063: 1061: 1060: 1055: 1049: 1048: 1044: 1042: 1041: 1037: 1035: 1034: 1030: 1028: 1027: 1023: 1021: 1020: 1016: 1014: 1013: 1009: 1007: 1006: 1002: 1000: 999: 995: 993: 992: 988: 986: 985: 981: 979: 978: 974: 972: 971: 967: 966: 964: 963: 958: 952: 951: 947: 945: 944: 940: 938: 937: 933: 932: 930: 929: 924: 918: 915: 913: 910: 908: 905: 904: 902: 901: 896: 888: 887: 875: 872: 870: 867: 865: 862: 860: 857: 855: 852: 850: 847: 845: 842: 841: 839: 838: 833: 827: 824: 822: 819: 817: 814: 812: 809: 808: 806: 805: 800: 794: 791: 789: 786: 784: 781: 780: 778: 777: 772: 766: 763: 761: 760:Chicano names 758: 756: 753: 751: 748: 746: 743: 742: 740: 739: 734: 726: 725: 713: 710: 708: 707: 703: 701: 698: 696: 693: 691: 688: 686: 685: 681: 679: 676: 674: 673: 669: 667: 664: 662: 659: 657: 656: 652: 650: 647: 645: 642: 640: 637: 635: 632: 631: 629: 628: 623: 617: 614: 612: 609: 607: 604: 602: 599: 597: 594: 592: 589: 587: 584: 582: 579: 577: 574: 572: 569: 567: 564: 562: 559: 557: 554: 552: 549: 547: 544: 542: 539: 537: 534: 532: 529: 527: 524: 522: 519: 517: 514: 512: 509: 507: 504: 502: 499: 497: 494: 492: 489: 487: 484: 482: 479: 478: 476: 475: 472: 468: 462: 459: 457: 454: 452: 449: 447: 444: 442: 439: 437: 434: 432: 429: 427: 424: 422: 419: 417: 414: 412: 409: 407: 404: 402: 399: 397: 394: 393: 391: 390: 385: 379: 376: 374: 371: 369: 366: 364: 361: 359: 356: 354: 351: 349: 346: 345: 343: 342: 337: 332: 327: 326: 315: 312: 311: 310: 309: 304: 299: 296: 294: 291: 289: 286: 284: 281: 279: 276: 274: 271: 270: 269: 268: 263: 255: 254: 250: 246: 245: 242: 238: 234: 230: 229: 221: 218: 214: 209: 206: 203: 199: 195: 191: 187: 183: 178: 177:United States 167: 165: 155: 154: 153: 149: 143: 138: 133: 130: 125: 120: 115: 110: 108: 103: 98: 90: 86: 82: 78: 75: 72: 68: 57: 53: 46: 41: 36: 30: 19: 6563: 6417:World War II 6412:Wakara's War 6389: 6350:Mormon Trail 5910:Taylorsville 5900:Spanish Fork 5890:South Jordan 5747:Wasatch Back 5697:Cache Valley 5669:Homelessness 5649:Demographics 5553: 5471:Bibliography 5392:Philadelphia 5369:New Mexico ( 5322:California ( 5276: 5269: 5262: 5255: 5248: 5241: 5234: 5227: 5220: 5213: 5206: 5199: 5166:Rasquachismo 5120:Tortilla art 5110:Tejano music 5035:Chicano rock 5030:Chicano Park 4971: 4944: 4932: 4920: 4612: 4603: 4598:← John Tyler 4596: 4571:Ezekiel Polk 4532:Public image 4507: 4283: 4265:the original 4249:. Retrieved 4245:the original 4238: 4226: 4169: 4126: 4122: 4110: 4103: 4093: 4084: 4067:10217/189496 4050: 4046: 4035: 4017: 4009: 3998:. Retrieved 3992: 3980:, retrieved 3965: 3945: 3942: 3911: 3904: 3890: 3878:. Retrieved 3865: 3848: 3844: 3838: 3826:. Retrieved 3822:the original 3811: 3799: 3787: 3768: 3750: 3746: 3736: 3728: 3720: 3708: 3696: 3687: 3679: 3674: 3650: 3628: 3607:. Retrieved 3596: 3584: 3570: 3556: 3549: 3541: 3534: 3526: 3519:. Retrieved 3514: 3494: 3464: 3456: 3449: 3440: 3428: 3416: 3397: 3385:. Retrieved 3357: 3352: 3335: 3331: 3325: 3306: 3300: 3290: 3256: 3245: 3233:. Retrieved 3222: 3203: 3199: 3189: 3180: 3171: 3148: 3136: 3119: 3115: 3109: 3097: 3082: 3063: 3057: 3048: 3036:. Retrieved 3011:. Retrieved 3001: 2982: 2976: 2964:. Retrieved 2954: 2942:. Retrieved 2937: 2928: 2916:. Retrieved 2911: 2902: 2884: 2871: 2798: 2790: 2770:Pancho Villa 2755: 2751: 2725: 2714: 2692: 2687: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2653: 2625: 2617: 2602: 2594: 2580: 2566: 2563: 2547: 2522: 2514: 2508: 2501: 2490: 2423: 2411: 2385: 2375: 2368: 2364: 2360:Nueces River 2332: 2328: 2303: 2287: 2277: 2259:April 1846. 2249: 2233:Nuevo México 2229:John Slidell 2222: 2194: 2183: 2156:(1907); and 2136:(1896), and 2123: 2110: 2094: 2091: 2087: 2075: 2031: 2024: 1980: 1961: 1955: 1922: 1898: 1895: 1891: 1848: 1835: 1833: 1761:Bibliography 1622:California ( 1580: 1558: 1551: 1544: 1537: 1530: 1523: 1516: 1509: 1502: 1495: 1488: 1481: 1474: 1430:Chicano Park 1402:Precita Eyes 1321:Tortilla art 1253:Rasquachismo 1202: 1195: 1188: 1181: 1093: 1086: 1079: 1074:I Am Joaquin 1072: 1065: 1045: 1038: 1031: 1024: 1019:The Rain God 1017: 1010: 1003: 996: 989: 984:Desert Blood 982: 975: 968: 948: 941: 934: 869:Pancho Claus 844:Cal-Style VW 826:Tejano music 821:Chicano soul 816:Chicano rock 704: 690:Farah strike 682: 670: 653: 491:Brown Berets 377: 29: 6528:Pioneer Day 6247:Deer Valley 6214:Ski resorts 5920:West Jordan 5905:Springville 5737:Uinta Basin 5712:Great Basin 5674:LGBT rights 5588:Earthquakes 5324:Californios 5309:Los Angeles 5040:Chicano rap 5005:Chicano art 4967:Party crews 4928:Castro 2020 4916:Abolish ICE 4577:Samuel Polk 4385:(1825–1833) 4373:(1833–1839) 4361:(1835–1839) 4350:(1839–1841) 4339:(1845–1849) 3804:Wyllys 1933 2758:Confederate 2686:E. Gilman, 2529:legislative 2511:John Nugent 2446:Sam Houston 2418:land grants 2394:Mexico City 2294:Taos Revolt 2082:land grants 1943:of Mexico. 1919:Negotiators 1901:U.S. Senate 1686:Californios 1672:Multiethnic 1624:Los Angeles 1425:Balmy Alley 1306:Chicano art 1301:Chicana art 1238:Nahui Ollin 811:Chicano rap 661:Castro 2020 649:Abolish ICE 88:Negotiators 83:30 May 1848 6586:Categories 6543:State fair 6385:Tintic War 6073:Washington 5875:St. George 5790:Clearfield 5785:Cedar City 5613:Healthcare 5603:Government 5376:New York ( 5362:Nebraska ( 5355:Michigan ( 5348:Maryland ( 5336:Illinois ( 5329:Colorado ( 5305:California 4815:Chicanismo 4752:La Matanza 4747:Korean War 4465:Presidency 4441:Polk Place 4436:Dark horse 4251:8 February 4000:8 February 3982:8 February 3589:Rives 1913 3521:13 October 3469:Rives 1913 2944:7 February 2918:13 October 2894:References 2786:New Mexico 2709:See also: 2478:Lewis Cass 2434:Nuevo León 2430:Tamaulipas 2214:act of war 2202:John Tyler 2158:New Mexico 2126:California 2063:New Mexico 2057:, most of 2047:California 1999:Gila River 1987:Rio Grande 1887:Rio Grande 1871:New Mexico 1865:, most of 1855:California 1643:Nebraska ( 1636:Michigan ( 1629:Illinois ( 1600:Population 1292:Visual Art 1285:Visual art 898:Literature 891:Literature 606:Quinto Sol 506:Chicanismo 431:La Matanza 373:Sonoratown 363:Mutualista 62:1848-02-02 6448:Arachnids 6262:Snowbasin 6028:Salt Lake 5948:Box Elder 5835:Millcreek 5810:Kaysville 5780:Bountiful 5659:Education 5608:Governors 5598:Geography 5558:(capital) 5350:Baltimore 5317:San Diego 5176:Vergüenza 5125:Zoot suit 5100:Skull art 4585:(brother) 4143:0030-8684 3206:(1): 67. 2605:Querétaro 2558:Caste War 2442:Chihuahua 2436:, all of 2384:at Villa 1681:Blaxicans 1615:Arizona ( 1416:Locations 1263:Vergüenza 1095:The Moths 1067:Emplumada 977:Caballero 874:Zoot suit 185:Citations 80:Effective 6468:Mollusks 6407:Utah War 6033:San Juan 5983:Garfield 5973:Duchesne 5935:Counties 5865:Riverton 5805:Holladay 5679:Politics 5664:Gun laws 5634:Abortion 5384:Oklahoma 5294:Arizona 5156:Nepantla 5055:Lowrider 4711:Blaxican 4619:Category 4579:(father) 4401:Bank War 3857:30240862 3609:25 March 3405:Archived 3253:(2007). 2803:See also 2525:ratified 2438:Coahuila 2354:line of 2154:Oklahoma 2152:(1890); 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