Trent–Severn Waterway - Knowledge (XXG)

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imagined attempts to have him removed. He took his anger out on the project as a whole, and especially Goodwin, who began to complain to Rubidge's superiors in Ottawa. Rubidge responded by appointing two of his helpers to watch over the construction, harassing Goodwin and his workers continually with a range of problems, even locking up the canoes of the government engineers so they could not get around the sites. Goodwin's complaints grew in frequency and anger, and finally he demanded that John Page, the engineer in the Department of Canals and Railways overseeing all canal work, visit the site. This request eventually led to Rubidge's removal from the oversight position and his replacement by David Stark, at that time the superintendent of Ottawa River canal projects. Construction was finally completed in 1887, and the first boat passed through the entire section on 26 October.

3393:, just what Macdonald had hoped would happen by forming the Commission. As the election continued, it appeared it would be a very close fought result, and Macdonald decided to use the Trent to shore up any seats he could. On 3 March he was personally handed a letter by D.R. Murphy, a Conservative organizer in the Trent area, asking for any help he might provide. Macdonald, ill and bedridden, replied with a telegram stating "Trent Valley Canal Commission have reported favourably on the completion of the scheme. Parliament will be asked next session for a grant for the purpose." Nine of the thirteen seats in the area were won by Conservatives, reversing their losses from the previous election. Macdonald lived only a short time after the election and suffered a series of strokes that led to his death on 6 June 1891. 3709: 3365:

and claim he was always in command and had left only for personal reasons. Stark had not yet arrived, and with the work essentially completed by this time, no one seems to have been willing to invest the effort to find out what was going on. When Stark did begin to assert some control, he started by asking one of the other government engineers working with Rubidge, Aylmer, to set up a new office in Peterborough. As he left, Aylmer took the opportunity to break into Rubidge's desk and take the now long-overdue survey with him, prompting a break-and-enter charge which Aylmer countered with a libel charge. Another of the government engineers, Fuller, ended up in a fist fight with Rubidge over a property dispute, leading to Fuller's conviction on assault and his dismissal from the department.

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This is precisely what happened; the first meeting of the Commission was not scheduled until 1 April 1888, and the final report was not expected until after the next election. A series of interviews were carried out and questionnaires sent which garnered little response, which the Commission took as evidence that there was little interest in the topic. In 1890 an interim report caused Macdonald to suggest that "Some further enquiry is necessary". One of the few positive results was a measure of the water supply by the new chief engineer of the Trent, Richard Rogers, that suggested there was a million times more water available than would be needed for the entire route to lock 100 times a day for the 200-day navigation period.

3413:. Having watched the canal hand the Conservatives votes for decades, the new Liberal government immediately cancelled the work. But it was not long before the same political forces that led the Conservatives to support the plan soon found their effect on the Liberals as well, and yet another meeting with the Trent Association and a subsequent visit by George Albert Blair, the newly appointed Minister of Canals and Railways. The Association's trump card was the argument that the canal could be a significant shipping route for grain from western Canada, which at that time was having trouble moving eastward due to the odd collection of railway links that all travelled through Toronto. 3420:. Once again the Association swung into action, bringing over 270 delegates to a meeting on the issue in Ottawa. The Grand Trunk, whose line along the St. Lawrence stood to lose considerable traffic if an alternate shipping route was completed, provided free train tickets to everyone involved. The result was a huge crowd of businessmen who descended on Ottawa on 6 April 1897, and began a series of speeches calling for the completion of the Trent. After some time, Laurier himself rose to speak and stated "The government has adopted the completion of the Trent Valley route as part of their policy." This was met by thunderous applause. 3373:. He placed the cost at $ 8,684,650, including another 71 locks in addition to the 12 already built or nearing completion, as well as 58.7 miles (94.5 km) of dug canal. Page added another $ 1.1 million in ancillary charges like land claims and completion of the work already underway, bringing the total for the entire waterway to $ 9,984,500. This compares with Baird's original estimate of $ 2.5 million, a number that Stark had personally backed in 1880. This prompted Stark to send in his own estimate, returning to the original Severn route in the west, and calculated the new total to be only $ 3 million. 3196: 5668: 100: 5893: 3009: 2763: 2671: 3473:(CPR), was the first to oppose it in parliament, stating that the government must have "money to burn." To the great amusement of the Liberals, other Conservatives from the Trent area then began arguing with Osler. Nevertheless, the government agreed to use the funds released in that budget solely for the completion of existing work, as opposed to expansions. It soon became clear that Laurier's government was delaying any further work. 3695: 3651: 2611:'s government restarted construction in the 1880s, adding a number of new locks and pushing the route westward before construction once again halted. For many years after this, the canal was used as a political tool to garner votes from areas along the route, with little construction being carried out. It was not until just before the turn of the century that a number of political changes built up incredible pressure on 5869: 3681: 883: 45: 3501:. To support industry, they proposed a wide variety of public works, especially those that took place in Conservative ridings that were subject to swaying. This was the case for all of the Ontario counties involved in the Trent system, and it became a centrepiece of the Ontario strategy. With their election win, in spite of losing the popular vote, the party began the final completion of the Trent system. 2352: 1739: 328: 2342: 1724: 1338: 1328: 1099: 655: 645: 585: 575: 535: 525: 318: 2400: 2127: 1734: 1673: 1602: 1549: 1526: 1308: 502: 2423: 2000: 1831: 1572: 853: 396: 296: 2370: 2314: 2286: 2256: 2228: 2200: 2172: 2150: 2099: 2071: 2043: 1980: 1950: 1922: 1894: 1874: 1803: 1783: 1696: 1645: 1625: 1498: 1470: 1442: 1414: 1384: 1356: 1280: 1252: 1224: 1160: 1130: 1053: 1024: 994: 944: 833: 813: 785: 757: 729: 701: 673: 625: 474: 454: 426: 366: 346: 3219:(P&PH), the competing plan from Port Hope, which had the advantage of being able to loop around the western edge of Rice Lake to produce an all-land route directly to Peterborough. This so worried Cobourg interests that they hired Baird to plan a road route, and opened the Cobourg Plank Road in 1846. This stymied the P&PH, who decided to reroute their line westward to 1090: 3105:, founder of the Welland Canal Company, was willing to support inland locks and even a private canal of the limited size proposed by Port Hope, but staunchly opposed any western extension. This opposition would frustrate further development for many years. With any hope of government backing clearly out of the question, the Port Hope and Rice Lake Canal Company closed down. 3509:

ultimate endpoint for overseas shipping, but much more importantly ships would have to travel in the open across Lake Ontario, whereas the Trenton exit was protected. A follow-up report suggested the Trenton route would be cheaper and contracts were sent out for this section, and while several tenders were received, once again the government declined to begin construction.

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take four years to complete. The report went on in great length to justify the expense, saying it would pay for itself in tolls, estimated to be $ 30,000 a year from timber shipments alone. On 6 March 1834, Robert Maigny submitted his estimates for the Port Hope Canal, using 34 locks 70 feet (21 m) by 14 feet (4.3 m) at a total cost of $ 507,130.

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approach. Then there was a flurry of highly visible surveys carried out, and Rogers was asked to complete detailed plans for further construction. On 22 April 1895 a $ 475,000 contract was signed for a canal between Balsam Lake and Kirkfield. A second followed on 27 August for the first section from Lakefield to Peterborough. The Peterborough

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residents in favour. However, a survey put the price well over $ 300,000, a significant amount for such a short link, and was then greatly increased due to changes that appear to have been politically motivated on the part of the Department of Railways and Canals. By the time the plans were complete, the price was approaching $ 1 million.

2919:, a short distance to the west and a major competitor for Coburg's shipping traffic, proposed both a road and a canal. Port Hope's location at the western end of Rice Lake placed them slightly closer to the lake than Coburg, and offered a direct land route to Peterborough around the western tip of the lake while remaining within their 3293:

concept, agreed to at their first meeting, was to arrange periodic meetings of all the municipal leaders along the route, and collect petitions from their constituents, as well as ask them to write letters directly to their members of Parliament. This quickly produced an almost continual stream of letters.

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occurred for months. This prompted a meeting in Peterborough on 27 August that demanded the work begin, leading to Baird's arrival on 7 September. As soon as word was out that he had arrived, citizen's groups in the two towns began tit-for-tat exchanges in local newspapers denouncing each other's efforts.

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raised its rates and made several changes that would greatly increase the costs of the industries in the town, so much they claimed it would put them out of business. Mulock hatched a plan to extend the Trent south to the town, an extension officially known as the Holland Subdivision, but universally

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led the charges, complaining that "Whatever expenditure there had been on the scheme is properly chargeable to the capital (political) account and this is the explanation of all the delay and trifling with this important work." With every delay the canal became more important to the locals, prompting

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noted that "Their activity shows an amount of energy that betokens a body determined to deserve success." For the next forty years, the Association maintained its pressure on successive governments and never allowed any of them to renege on their agreements to continue work on the system. Their basic

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in 1852, this time planning to bridge over Rice Lake and provide direct access to Peterborough. The line opened on 29 December 1854, but suffered from continual damage due to ice that closed the Rice Lake bridge for much of its history. In spite of these problems, the railway provided the long-needed

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Baird's new report was filed in September 1835, calling for another 32 locks and 13 dams, at a price of $ 1,310,340. Including the work on the Trent, this brought the price of the system as a whole to $ 2,477,575. Knowing that the legislature would be uninterested in such a proposal, he also outlined

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still offered considerable commercial prospects. The problem of connecting to Lake Ontario could be solved by other means. Bethune, a major player in local politics, led efforts to build a railway from Coburg, which would either have to route around Rice Lake through other counties, or build directly

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before ending up only 12 miles (19 km) from the shores of Lake Ontario. Further, the Imperial government's interest was tempered by the cost of the Rideau, originally budgeted at $ 2,370,000 but eventually costing more than $ 4 million by the time it opened in 1832. Several attempts to raise the

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When the canal was finally completed in 1920, it failed to have a major impact on the economy of the regions it was built to serve. By the time it was completed its design had been made obsolete by larger boats: it had been designed for boats too small to be commercially viable. In the years that

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This latest controversy was just what Macdonald was waiting for. Pointing out the huge differences in the two estimates, on 8 October 1887 he formed the Trent Valley Canal Commission to study the issue. This was immediately denounced as a measure "to give them an opportunity to get out of the work."

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Among the most difficult of the sections completed during this period was the locks at Burleigh Falls; Baird had described the "dreaded iron-bound nature of the rock" which required new tools and techniques to beat. The work was finally undertaken by George Goodwin starting in late 1884, using steam

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Having watched work on the system stagnate for years, in September 1879 a group of Conservative politicians formed the Trent Valley Canal Association to agitate for further work. They were soon joined by Liberals and neutral parties, eventually coming to represent almost every riding from Trenton to

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in 1867. This turned the Province of Canada's government into a federal body, and gave the new province of Ontario's government control over construction. Lacking the power of the federal coffers, they could only afford small projects. Between confederation and 1879 they rebuilt the lock at Lindsay,

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Among the other routes available were another plank road further west from Whitby to Lake Scugog, which offered access to the waterway via the lock at Lindsay. This was the closest point on the network to Toronto, and the town of Prince Albert at its midpoint became the largest grain trading site in

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Baird's report was submitted on 28 November 1833. It placed the cost of making the Trent navigable to Rice Lake at $ 1,167,236 using 34 locks 134 feet (41 m) long and 34 feet (10 m) wide, along with 17 dams used to raise water levels in various portions of the route. He predicted it would

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in Coburg, likely due to his use of some of these funds for the transport scheme. His steamers were sold off to new owners. In spite of there being no money from Bethune, and that the contract was clearly underbid, Pierce, Dumble, and Hoar decided to continue construction using their own funds. This

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The need for a similar route bypassing Yonge Street and providing access to the upper lakes remained an issue, and several surveys in the area were carried out between 1815 and 1827. Prominent among these was a survey made by Catty in 1819, which concluded that no reasonable alternative to the Trent

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In the aftermath of Macdonald's death, the Conservatives went through a series of leaders as they lurched from one political disaster to the next. In spite of repeated promises to carry out Macdonald's last wishes regarding the canal, nothing had been completed by the time another election began to

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The Commission handed in its final report on 17 December 1890. They accepted Rogers' calculation of the amount of water available and generally agreed that the routes were possible and even desirable. They also suggested that some of the more complex areas could be greatly simplified by replacing a

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Looking for any reason to cancel further work, or at least delay it, Macdonald inquired about the status of Rubidge's survey. Rubidge promised it would be ready for 20 August, but it never appeared. Stark telegraphed Rubidge on 1 September about it, and Rubidge stated that his fight with Fuller had

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Rubidge was still involved in the Trent at this time, having been tasked with producing a survey of the complete route and cost estimates for its completion. After the election, John Page sent Rubidge back to Peterborough to complete this work. Rubidge took the opportunity to return to the worksite

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of Peterborough. Rubidge had already concluded that the Trent system was essentially useless in comparison to the Sydenham-Killaly proposals to expand navigation on the St. Lawrence, which would be able to carry ships. He felt any work on the Trent at this point was a waste of money and was unhappy

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Strong support for the inland routes remained among the populace, and to appease these interests the government formed the Inland Water Commission to study the system. As an interim measure, on 3 March 1836 they submitted a new proposal for four locks at a total cost of $ 80,000. One of these would

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once again argued for completing the route by making a new canal from the western end of Rice Lake south to their town. This would place the exit closer to Toronto and make the route shorter overall. A January 1900 report noted it would add 59 miles (95 km) to the route to Montreal, still the

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of Montreal to carry it out. Baird had worked on several canals and other engineering projects around the world, including the Rideau, and was at that time supervising a new bridge over the foot of the Trent that would replace a ferry service. Although the money had been set aside, nothing further

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Critics attacked the concept immediately, pointing out that the economic potential of such a link was nonexistent. But the possibility of bringing federal money to his riding in York North was too good to give up, and Mulock campaigned for it continually, presenting petitions on the part of local

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When Laurier made his announcement, the possibility that the Trent would provide any sort of reasonable shipping route in lieu of railways or a canal able to carry oceangoing ships was immediately attacked by business interests in Toronto. When the first $ 600,000 contract was announced on 31 May

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Construction was beset by arguments between Rubidge and the construction team led by Goodwin. From late 1886, Rubidge was under extreme pressure from the press and the politicians along the line, and he became increasingly paranoid, suspicious of everyone involved in the project for their real or

3437:, who had control over the canal, stated that "canals as a successful and necessary means of transportation have outlived their usefulness." When a multi-national panel was formed to consider several possible routes to link the upper Great Lakes to the Atlantic, the Trent was not even mentioned. 2970:

on Rice Lake in 1832, providing daily service between Peterborough and Coburg. The boat was a flat-bottomed design able to travel in shallow waters, more a powered barge than passenger steamer. It had side-wheels and was powered by what one passenger called a "feeble eighteen-horsepower engine".

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under the statutory authority of the Historic Canals Regulations (which outline and delegate the responsibilities for navigation, resource protection, dredge and fill operations, the operation of boater campgrounds, etc.). The navigation corridor includes over 4,500 kilometres (2,796 mi) of

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series of locks with a single hydraulic boat lift, and recommended further study into this option. They also left considerable room for interpretation as to the desirability of completing the works at either end, allowing politicians to pick and chose what sections, if any, they agreed to fund.

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A group organized by Bethune met on 1 June 1833 to review tenders for the construction of a series of locks on the Back Lakes. However, they received only two tenders, both for the lock at Bobcaygeon. After several additional meetings and a visit to the site, the contract was awarded to Pierce,

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With the completion of the four locks, the Back Lakes were now open to navigation for most of the year. Newly arriving settlers in the area expanded the types of products available. By the 1850s, Peterborough had gristmills, sawmills, carding and fulling mills and a tannery. Meanwhile, logging

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Examining the project, the Board of Works concluded that a route with as many locks as Baird had proposed would take so long to transit that it would not be useful militarily, and thus of little interest to the new federalist government. They agreed to continue construction of the four locks

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By the time the route was completed, its usefulness as a commercial waterway was over; ships plying the Great Lakes had grown much larger than the canal could handle, and the railways that had connected to the canal now took most of its freight. But the introduction of motor boats found the

3074:, he reported that he was delighted by his trip. Interpreted as support for further work on the system, this led to a petition calling for a route to connect Lake Simcoe with Rice Lake "by canal or otherwise". Baird was once again hired to survey this western section of the waterway. 2703:

which transports boats between the upper and lower sections of the Severn. The system also includes 39 swing bridges and 160 dams and control structures that manage the water levels for flood control and navigation on lakes and rivers that drain approximately 18,600 square kilometres

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watched traffic dwindle as freight moved to railways, so its operators made it free to use in hopes of maintaining traffic levels and their positive economic effects on the surrounding towns. But this change had little effect, and traffic continued to decline. The chief engineer of

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Boulton hatched a plan to kill the Trent route by ordering a complete survey of the river, hoping the cost of canalizing it would be far greater than building his railway. After several debates in the Legislature, on 13 February 1833 money was set aside for a survey, contracting

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The lock system aided the development of central Ontario, allowing a quick and efficient flow of goods to and from the major trading centres along Lake Ontario. The rugged, rough terrain of this area of the province made travel by land extremely difficult and time-consuming.

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private and commercial properties abut the navigation corridor of the Trent–Severn Waterway. The Trent–Severn Waterway also has regulatory responsibility and authority under the Dominion Water Power Act for the 18 hydroelectric generating facilities located along its route.

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was not amused, asking, "Why have five years, singularly coincident with the general election, been allowed to elapse between the spurts of activity that mark the survey and construction of portions of the canal? Why ... has it been degraded into a vote-catching machine?"

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of 1837 broke out. This led the government to re-examine the project, concluding that the route would have too many locks to allow rapid movement for military purposes. They decided that the locks under construction would be completed, but the rest could be turned into

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to be put in charge of the project. His distaste was further increased when his infant daughter Mary died in 1883 while he was surveying the route. He is noted for his "cussedness" and lack of public relations capability, qualities that dogged his time on the Trent.

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In the case of the Trent, the railways originally intended to service the waterway now provided an even better transport option. The operators of these railways would compete with any commercial traffic on the canal, and this was especially disconcerting for the

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ordered a review of the project, and cancelled it shortly thereafter. The remains of the construction, estimated to be 85% complete by that time, were abandoned in place and dot the local landscape to this day. The locals now refer to it as the "ghost canal".

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won him many others in the area among businesses that were worried about being flooded by cheap US products. The press was filled with comments to the effect that Macdonald had only been interested in the canal as a vote-getting measure; the Peterborough

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an alternative using a mix of water and rail transit, using specially designed barges that could carry a train of cars that would then be switched onto short sections of railway to bypass the trickier sections of the route. The idea was not unlike modern

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By 1832, Bethune had completed his first plan for a combined canal and rail network. This would start in Coburg and run via railway to Sully (today known as Harwood), where it would connect to steamers on Rice Lake. These would cross the lake to the

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As part of the formation of the new Province, the former Inland Water Commission was moved to the new government's Board of Works. The new government broke the power of the Family Compact, and reduced the influence of its French counterpart, the

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A map of the Trent–Severn Waterway as it appeared in 1918, just prior to its completion. The planned route still runs through Honey Harbour when this was prepared. The abandoned Newmarket Canal can be seen at the southern tip of Lake

3113:, east of Rice Lake, would allow partial transit down the Trent. Together they would open 170 square miles (440 km) of waterway to continual navigation. Most importantly, the report noted that this would allow the iron ore at 3082:. Using this method, Baird believed that the price would be cut by about $ 1.5 million, and be completed in only three years. Perhaps believing this suggestion might be accepted, Baird also purchased stock in the Cobourg railway. 3231:

route south, and was one of the most financially successful routes in the area. The good times came to an end when the Port Hope interests, now known as the Port Hope, Lindsay and Beaverton Railway (but soon to be renamed as the

3066:, arranged a trip to visit the area. His six-day tour covered most of the lakes and rivers in the system, including the Talbot River that connected the Back Lakes to Lake Simcoe. On his return, taking Bethune's route using the 3556:, and when calculations showed there was too little water to keep it running in the summer, it was heaped with scorn in the press. The party continued to support it throughout, even as it became clear the project was doomed. 3551:

In spite of this price, and that Mulock had left the seat in 1905, the party continued to support the project in order to keep the riding in their hands. It became the subject of continual attacks by the Conservatives in the

3453:, were in the midst of completing a link to the Montreal area, as well as building out a network of shorter links in the southern Ontario area that serviced the lake trade. Another railway rush ensued as the Grand Trunk and 3109:

replace the nonfunctional lock at Bobcaygeon, one in Purdy's Mills (Lindsay) would allow transit to Lake Scugog, one at Whitla's Rapids (Scott's Mills) would allow passage further up the Otonabee in Peterborough, and one at

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Dumble and Hoar for a price of $ 8,000. The company's crew arrived on 2 August and began construction immediately. The rest of the season was taken up with basic construction, blasting out the lock from the limestone with

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contracted in 1836, largely as a way to employ the many immigrants arriving in the area. They showed little interest in the rest of the route, and agreed to allow the rest of the surveyed lock locations to be turned into

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Bethune's early efforts inspired others in the area to form plans of their own to build the complete network. Further progress ran afoul of local politics, in particular the fact that the route ran through two counties,

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powered drills and shovels. It was during this time that one of the most infamous events in the system's history took place; at 9:45 a.m. on 4 September 1885 James Simmons and George Morton were hauling a load of

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was the first European to travel the network of inland waters from Georgian Bay to the Bay of Quinte with the Hurons in 1615. It was this same route that would later be canalized and become the Trent–Severn Waterway.

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proved disastrous; the lock was set too high in the rock and could not be filled at low water in the summer, and even when water was available it leaked out faster than it filled. It remained useless for four years.

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called it "a poor excuse for a steamboat" when her family used it in late summer 1832. A second steamer of the same design was built in Peterborough, sawn in half, carried overload to Bridgenorth and launched as the

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in 1796. However, the road was not passable for much of its length until 1816, and the entire route to Georgian Bay some time after that. The route was used for its original military purpose sparingly during the

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to travel west to Rice Lake where it could travel by train to Lake Ontario. This was approved by the legislature on 28 November 1836, while further proposals to improve various other locations were all ignored.

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The lack of convenient access to the upper lakes demonstrated by the war led to new calls for inland waterways for military use, and led to the construction of a number of canals to provide rapid access to the

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put it off. It was finally delivered in 15 November. The report closely followed Baird's plans completed decades earlier, changing only its ultimate outlet on the west, following the North River to

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companies and farmers were setting up all across central Ontario, using the lakes to ship their products. This left the problem of getting these products to market, which in turn led to a small

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in early 1887 led to Macdonald winning a solid majority in spite of promising nothing to the canal. This cost the Conservatives several seats in the area, but his support of the protectionist

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was completed in 1932. The Welland Canal could handle ships large enough to sail across the ocean, though cargo was generally transferred to or from larger ocean-going vessels at Montreal.

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But this argument backfired; Blair agreed a canal was needed, but argued instead for a new system along the St. Lawrence. Laurier himself strongly supported railways, especially the

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with Bethune. Each favoured their own route in Durham, over the complaints of those living in Northumberland who wanted the route to follow the Trent through their county.

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The total length of the waterway is 386 kilometres (240 mi), beginning at Trenton, Ontario, with roughly 32 kilometres (20 mi) of man-made channels. There are 44

5837: 5602: 3457:(CNoR) bought up similar lines, all with the hopes of gaining some part of the rapidly growing grain trade. At the time, almost all of these routes ran through Toronto. 3329:

to Burleigh Falls when it exploded, leaving behind a 100 foot (30 m) wide crater and nothing but bits of horse and man. The site became a brief tourist attraction.

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The desire for a communications route from Lake Ontario to Lake Huron had been a topic of discussion as early as 1785, and gained new importance with the opening of the

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was built in 1833 as a commercial venture. This connected a number of lakes and rivers near the centre of the waterway, opening a large area to navigation by

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with a steamship company working Lake Ontario. He was skeptical that the Trent connection would ever be built, but he felt that the inland sections north of

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Technical and navigational details (such as speed limit, maximum draft, maximum water depth and bridge clearances) can be found at Parks Canada's website.

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with the express intent of connecting to the Back Lake navigation. Through the 1850s and '60s, numerous railways were built to connect at various points.

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The first to make the attempt was the long-planned Cobourg and Rice Lake Railway. Having originally been planned in 1831 and chartered in 1834, the

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on 5 September 1833. Both steamers proved popular; in the less than three months the lakes were open to traffic in its first year of operation, the

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one long-time Macdonald supporter, Reverend J. Logan, to be quoted saying "Henceforth I have only one politic and that is the Trent Valley Canal."

3708: 2493: 5232: 4684: 5355: 3462: 3240: 4784: 3650: 3641:, reintroduced Bill C-530, the "Trent–Severn Water Authority Act", in order to re-capitalize the century-old infrastructure of the waterway. 5639: 2593:. This left the completed inland section with no outlet, which business interests addressed by connecting to the route with a number of new 5294: 4812: 3806: 3030: 3026: 3243:(WPP&L), which ran beside it and offered far faster service to Toronto. Other routes connected to points further north, including the 3226:

The numerous delays meant that there was still no rail connection to the waterway in 1850. The original Cobourg group reorganized as the

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and serious work started once again. The canal reached Peterborough and Lake Simcoe in 1904. The final sections were greatly delayed by

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that met it at the northern tip of Balsam Lake. These had the advantage of running directly into Toronto, avoiding a switch onto the

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This dilapidated causeway ran the Cobourg and Peterborough over Rice Lake, providing an eastern outlet for cargo on the Back Lakes.

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route to Georgian Bay via Lake Simcoe that would bypass these choke points. Construction of Yonge began in 1794, reaching today's

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Always a supporter of the Trent, William Mulock's attempts to extend the project ultimately helped topple the Liberal government.

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The lock at Buckhorn is typical of the Waterway today, with service buildings for the lock staff and users of the locks.

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By the time the land thawed in the spring, Bethune was insolvent due to bookkeeping irregularities at his branch of the

27: 4195: 3917: 3607:

In 1910-11, the Township of Smith and the Chemong Yacht Club filed a claim for land damages caused by the Trent Canal.

3284:. These enlarged the continuous area served by the waterway, but still lacked any outlet to the major bodies of water. 5350: 3497:

with the US, known as "reciprocity", but put this aside for this election and accepted the high-tariff, protectionist

3215:

and Rebellion later that year upset their plans to the point where the company's charter lapsed in 1840. Next was the

3152:

had a single parliament with special rules intended to balance the power of the French and English speaking colonies.

2834:, primarily to ship supplies to a naval depot built at Holland Landing. Its rough location is marked today by a large 2573:. Its scenic, meandering route has been called "one of the finest interconnected systems of navigation in the world". 2886:

River was obvious on the eastern end of the route. Unfortunately, its circuitous route ran 67 miles (108 km) to

4271: 5935: 5345: 3694: 3553: 3540: 3539:, a growing industrial and market town north of Toronto, was Laurier's right-hand-man in the province. In 1904 the 3139: 2783: 5336: 5311: 5304: 5011: 3454: 3277: 3232: 2992:. When the weather turned cold on 14 November the lock was nowhere near complete, and the contract was extended. 2408: 2135: 1681: 1557: 510: 252: 2790:

entered the conflict on the side of their French allies, they could have cut access to the upper great lakes at

5433: 4805: 3700: 3680: 3470: 3446: 3102: 2866:, all along the Ottawa River, as well as the most ambitious of them all, the 202 kilometres (126 mi)-long 2700: 2644: 2558: 1610: 407: 5587: 5612: 5557: 5254: 4970: 3801: 3482: 3333: 3305: 2956: 2731: 2616: 1210: 1116: 3997:"Steamboats and railways: Travellers to and from early Peterborough faced the challenge of Whitla's Rapids" 5592: 5494: 5237: 5183: 4990: 3672: 3272: 3127: 3034: 2585: 1583: 980: 3617:

The Trent–Severn system is still in service. It is maintained and operated by the national park service,

3405:

Although the Conservatives attempted to use the Trent to the advantage once again, the attempt failed in

2662:

It is open for navigation from May until October, while its shore lands and bridges are open year-round.

5632: 5443: 5388: 5153: 5120: 3725: 3657: 3585: 3450: 3428:

By this time the era of the barge canal as a commercial system was over. The formerly hugely profitable

2972: 2948: 2911: 2708: 2692: 2550: 1188: 930: 2878:. Together, they connected Montreal, Ottawa and Lake Ontario, bypassing significant hazards along the 5940: 5453: 5428: 5188: 4774: 3666: 3168: 2996: 2952: 2879: 2818: 2716: 2546: 5499: 5489: 5448: 5269: 5249: 5225: 4798: 3686: 3589: 3563:

brought a swift end to what was by then known as "Mulock's madness". Within days of taking office,

3417: 3260: 2770: 2632: 2356: 1769: 1747: 864: 332: 5696: 5627: 5438: 5367: 5220: 5006: 4985: 4975: 3874: 3604:

had further developed their networks and improved service, which influenced settlement patterns.

3536: 3505: 3313: 3239:

Upper Canada. This route, today known as Brock Street in Whitby, was rendered superfluous by the

3220: 3149: 3131: 2916: 2903: 2887: 2806: 2696: 1395: 1342: 659: 589: 539: 20: 5681: 5607: 5547: 5316: 5021: 4748: 4608: 4532: 4165: 3297: 3281: 3179:, as would any traffic on the rivers, so they were opposed to any further work on the system. 3157: 3148:

was implemented in large part and caused sweeping changes to the government. The newly merged

3110: 3063: 2875: 2855: 2727: 2723: 2712: 2608: 1743: 3531:

While this work was ongoing, a side-project began that ultimately brought down the Liberals.

5577: 5054: 4927: 4897: 3903: 3820: 3761: 3244: 3114: 3079: 3046: 2940: 2907: 2566: 2534: 2381: 1534: 1071: 561: 3008: 2762: 2670: 2647:

in the east, draws thousands of visitors every year. It also forms a major portion of the

5289: 5215: 5095: 5069: 5038: 5026: 4953: 4146: 3789: 3518: 3498: 3486: 3406: 3352: 3161: 2859: 2826: 2799: 2636: 2612: 158: 3849: 2627:

in early 1920. The first complete transit of the waterway was made in July of that year.

2846:(then known as Schooner Town), but was abandoned in Holland Landing when the war ended. 5885: 5582: 5413: 5403: 5393: 5331: 5130: 5016: 4965: 4892: 4887: 4877: 3532: 3434: 3326: 3301: 3176: 3098: 2928: 2863: 2795: 2734:

is, at 263 metres (863 ft), the highest point in North America (the summit of the

2719: 2635:

route, and today it is one of Ontario's major tourist attractions. Its passage through

2554: 147: 99: 5924: 5897: 5689: 5383: 5321: 5264: 5210: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5173: 5125: 4856: 4846: 3737: 3634: 3611: 3564: 3309: 3248: 3212: 3205: 3086: 2839: 2787: 2431: 1005: 216: 3175:, at that time the largest sawmill in the world. Locks presented a barrier to their 2798:. This would have denied waterborne access to the important British trading post at 44: 5672: 5597: 5423: 5408: 5398: 5326: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5090: 5031: 4948: 4932: 4872: 4851: 3828: 3731: 3618: 3466: 3370: 3184: 3164: 2936: 2867: 2851: 2843: 2814: 2746:

shoreline and over 500 square kilometres (193 sq mi) of water. More than

2742: 2659: 2624: 2590: 2538: 2530: 1961: 903: 304: 226: 169: 69: 4742: 80: 5649: 5418: 5135: 5074: 4980: 4882: 4821: 4768: 3782: 3442: 3085:

At this point the route began to experience pushback from the supporters of the

3029:, each with their own ideas of where the southern end of canal should be built. 2989: 2960: 2831: 2655: 2620: 2562: 1039: 611: 377: 4790: 3012:

Baird would conduct most of the important surveys on the Trent–Severn Waterway.

5567: 5178: 5059: 4922: 4841: 3494: 3429: 3094: 2944: 2932: 2684: 2680: 2648: 2598: 2577: 2542: 1141: 896: 2711:, the highest point to which a vessel can be navigated from sea level in the 5515:

Great Lakes–Saint Lawrence River Basin Sustainable Water Resources Agreement

5242: 5100: 5064: 4836: 4203: 3630: 3523: 3167:. They used the many rivers of the province to float logs to mills, notably 3090: 2688: 2594: 2581: 2452: 278: 3625:

and by recreational boaters. There is a cruise line that operates the ship

2931:, providing access to southern Peterborough. Here they could transship via 2584:. The government had begun construction of three additional locks when the 3610:

The waterway became obsolete for commercial purposes when the present day

3389:

By the time the Commission filed their report, parliament was out for the

3601: 3322: 3235:), opened the Millbrook Branch that reached Peterborough on 12 May 1858. 2984:

made 61 trips, delivering 60 barrels of pork and 55 tons of other cargo.

2963:, known collectively as the Back Lakes (today known as "the Kawarthas"). 4642: 4526: 3576: 3622: 3071: 2892: 2822: 2791: 2602: 247: 58: 2008: 1839: 892: 4744:

A Respectable Ditch: A History of the Trent–Severn Waterway 1833–1920

3172: 2891:

funds for the Trent system using local sources, including a proposed

2871: 2835: 2738:

at its highest point of 406 metres (1,332 ft) is higher still).

2267: 3062:

At this point further work ended while the new Lieutenant Governor,

2623:, with the link to Trenton opening in 1918, followed by the link to 3276:

which had been converted to a timber slide, and built new locks at

3575: 3522: 3194: 3007: 2761: 2669: 2526: 26:

For waterways concerning the British rivers Trent and Severn, see

3101:, had powerful supporters of the Welland block further progress. 4785:

Five Tips of Planning Your Trent Severn Boating Trip this Summer

4769:

Official website of Trent–Severn Waterway National Historic Site

5685: 4794: 4718:"Trent-Severn Waterway National Historic Site Navigation Data" 4664: 2707:

It reaches its highest point of 256.3 metres (841 ft) at

4779: 4697:"Trent–Severn Waterway National Historic Site Technical Data" 3875:"Celebrating Champlain's Legacy at Trent and in Peterborough" 3025:. These were represented by a total of three members of the 5485:

Great Lakes Basin Soil Erosion and Sediment Control Program

3093:. The Welland was losing money due to competition from the 3925:(Technical report). Ontario Heritage Trust. November 2010. 3134:

served to worry the Imperial government enough to appoint

2576:

The canal was surveyed as a military route, but the first

3138:

to fix the problems. In spite of holding the position of

3973: 3971: 3821:"Trent–Severn Waterway National Historic Site of Canada" 4604:"Dredging up old tale of canal that was never finished" 4550: 4548: 4509: 4507: 4446: 4444: 4395: 4393: 4230: 4228: 4215: 4213: 3940:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. pp. 23–25. 3033:

was the director of the Port Hope Canal Company, while

4080: 4078: 4065: 4063: 4014: 4012: 4010: 3300:

was convinced to provide funding to add new locks at

3296:

The concept proved successful, and the government of

3267:

Confederation and the Trent Valley Canal Association

5846: 5820: 5720: 5540: 5475:

Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Governors and Premiers

5462: 5376: 5280: 5166: 5146: 5083: 5047: 4999: 4941: 4915: 4906: 4865: 4829: 4631:

Trent–Severn Waterway Library & Archives Canada

2947:would provide access to an extended area including 240: 232: 222: 212: 207: 199: 194: 186: 178: 167: 156: 145: 137: 132: 127: 110: 75: 65: 54: 37: 2882:and long stretches of open water on Lake Ontario. 5956:Buildings and structures in Peterborough, Ontario 3271:Work on the canal system remained stagnant until 174:2.4 m (8') Locks 1 – 19; 1.8 m (6') Locks 20 – 45 4775:Panel on the Future of the Trent–Severn Waterway 4147:"Report on the Affairs of British North America" 2683:, including 37 conventional locks, two sets of 3762:"Trent–Severn Waterway National Historic Site" 3145:Report on the Affairs of British North America 3142:for only a brief period before resigning, his 5697: 5505:Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory 4806: 3990: 3988: 3986: 2895:, all failed and the plans remained dormant. 2494: 8: 3130:broke out. Although quickly suppressed, the 19:Not to be confused with the British company 4685:legisinfo.ca: Private Member's "BILL C-530" 4189: 4187: 4185: 4183: 4181: 3255:that met it at Lindsay and Bobcaygeon, the 5704: 5690: 5682: 4912: 4813: 4799: 4791: 3783:"The History of the Trent–Severn Waterway" 3126:In the midst of construction, in 1837 the 2651:. Today it is officially organized as a 2549:. Its major natural waterways include the 2501: 2487: 260: 237: 124: 98: 43: 34: 3778: 3776: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3637:, Member of Parliament for the riding of 3253:Lindsay, Bobcaygeon and Pontypool Railway 2741:The Trent–Severn Waterway is managed by 3890: 3888: 3754: 3646: 3445:the Trent Association had pitched. The 2631:Trent–Severn perfectly positioned as a 3485:new leadership under the direction of 3241:Whitby, Port Perry and Lindsay Railway 2906:was a businessman in the port town of 2525:is a 386-kilometre-long (240 mi) 4590: 4578: 4566: 4554: 4528:Toronto and Georgian Bay Ship Railway 4513: 4498: 4486: 4474: 4462: 4450: 4435: 4423: 4411: 4399: 4384: 4372: 4360: 4348: 4336: 4324: 4312: 4300: 4288: 4258: 4246: 4234: 4219: 4132: 4120: 4108: 4096: 4084: 4069: 4054: 4042: 4030: 4018: 3977: 3962: 3950: 3481:Matters changed with the rise of the 2766:Lock One on the Trent–Severn Waterway 1106: 1098: 109: 7: 4164:. Book Coach Press. pp. 66–67. 3852:[11 Elevation differences]. 3807:Canadian Register of Historic Places 3544:referred to as the Newmarket Canal. 3504:At this time, business interests in 3027:Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada 49:Gateway to the Trent–Severn Waterway 5904: 5553:Chicago Yacht Club Race to Mackinac 2811:Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada 152:84 ft 0 in (25.60 m) 5951:Transport in Peterborough, Ontario 5946:National Historic Sites in Ontario 4747:. McGill-Queens University Press. 4662:For example, Egan Houseboats, per 3217:Peterborough and Port Hope Railway 163:23 ft 0 in (7.01 m) 16:Navigable route in Ontario, Canada 14: 5713:National Historic Sites of Canada 5300:Isle Royale National Park Islands 3493:the party had strongly supported 2939:. Locks at Purdy's Mill (today's 2341: 1723: 1327: 882: 644: 574: 524: 317: 5903: 5891: 5879: 5868: 5867: 5666: 4194:Caldwell, Colin (October 2002). 3707: 3693: 3679: 3665: 3649: 3228:Cobourg and Peterborough Railway 3136:John Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham 3037:of Cobourg was busy forming the 2653:National Historic Site of Canada 2421: 2399: 2398: 2368: 2350: 2340: 2312: 2284: 2254: 2226: 2198: 2170: 2148: 2126: 2125: 2097: 2069: 2041: 1998: 1978: 1948: 1920: 1892: 1872: 1829: 1801: 1781: 1759: 1737: 1732: 1722: 1694: 1672: 1671: 1643: 1623: 1601: 1600: 1570: 1548: 1547: 1525: 1524: 1496: 1468: 1440: 1412: 1382: 1354: 1336: 1326: 1307: 1306: 1278: 1250: 1222: 1200: 1178: 1158: 1128: 1105: 1097: 1088: 1058: 1051: 1029: 1022: 992: 970: 942: 920: 881: 851: 831: 811: 783: 755: 727: 699: 671: 653: 643: 623: 601: 583: 573: 551: 533: 523: 501: 500: 472: 452: 424: 394: 364: 344: 326: 316: 294: 113:National Historic Site of Canada 3995:Jones, Elwood (28 March 2015). 3902:. 4 August 2001. Archived from 3728:– Northeastern Ontario waterway 3656:Trent–Severn Waterway entering 3639:Haliburton—Kawartha Lakes—Brock 2854:area. These included canals at 2422: 1999: 1830: 1571: 852: 395: 295: 5520:International Joint Commission 5510:Great Lakes Fishery Commission 4196:"Cobourg Peterborough Railway" 3343:Another hiatus, another report 2786:in 1793. Had the newly formed 2722:. The navigable summit of the 2369: 2313: 2285: 2255: 2227: 2199: 2171: 2149: 2098: 2070: 2042: 1979: 1949: 1921: 1893: 1873: 1802: 1782: 1695: 1644: 1624: 1497: 1469: 1441: 1413: 1383: 1355: 1279: 1251: 1223: 1159: 1129: 1052: 1023: 993: 943: 832: 812: 784: 756: 728: 700: 672: 624: 473: 453: 425: 365: 345: 1: 4699:. Parks Canada. 11 April 2019 3257:Toronto and Nipissing Railway 3089:, connecting Lake Ontario to 3039:Cobourg and Rice Lake Railway 1089: 5480:Great Lakes Areas of Concern 5470:Alliance for the Great Lakes 4620:– via York Region.com. 3633:rental firms. In June 2013, 3477:Laurier completes the system 3191:Road and railway connections 2838:that was being shipped from 1760: 1201: 1179: 1059: 1030: 971: 921: 633:Lakeshore Road swing bridge 602: 552: 28:Canals of the United Kingdom 5346:Province of Ontario Islands 3740:– Southern Ontario waterway 3600:it was under construction, 2701:marine railway at Big Chute 821:Boundary Road swing bridge 5977: 4645:. Ontario Waterway Cruises 3734:– Eastern Ontario waterway 3584:Travel was blocked beyond 3541:Northern Railway of Canada 3516: 3331: 2784:War of the First Coalition 1988:Ranney Falls swing bridge 1882:Healey Falls swing bridge 25: 18: 5862: 5748:Newfoundland and Labrador 5663: 5618:Museum and historic ships 5351:State of Michigan Islands 4272:"1885 Dynamite Explosion" 4160:Knowles, Valerie (2005). 4001:The Peterborough Examiner 3588:until the opening of the 3455:Canadian Northern Railway 3263:needed on the WPP&L. 3247:that met the waterway at 3233:Midland Railway of Canada 2437: 2430: 2415: 2407: 2392: 2362: 2349: 2334: 2306: 2278: 2248: 2220: 2192: 2164: 2157: 2142: 2134: 2119: 2091: 2063: 2035: 1992: 1987: 1972: 1942: 1914: 1886: 1881: 1866: 1823: 1795: 1790: 1775: 1768: 1753: 1731: 1716: 1688: 1680: 1665: 1637: 1632: 1617: 1609: 1594: 1564: 1556: 1541: 1533: 1518: 1490: 1462: 1434: 1406: 1376: 1348: 1335: 1320: 1315: 1300: 1272: 1244: 1216: 1209: 1194: 1187: 1172: 1167: 1152: 1122: 1115: 1082: 1045: 1038: 1016: 986: 979: 964: 936: 929: 914: 890: 875: 845: 840: 825: 820: 805: 777: 749: 721: 693: 665: 652: 637: 632: 617: 610: 595: 582: 567: 560: 545: 532: 517: 509: 494: 466: 461: 446: 418: 388: 358: 354:Port Severn swing bridge 353: 338: 325: 310: 303: 288: 263: 245: 236: 119: 106: 42: 5434:Midcontinent Rift System 4720:. Parks Canada. May 2019 3896:"Yonge Street's History" 3701:Big Chute Marine Railway 3471:Canadian Pacific Railway 3449:(CPR), then stopping at 3447:Canadian Pacific Railway 3103:William Hamilton Merritt 2813:, began construction of 1168:Bobcaygeon swing bridge 408:Big Chute Marine Railway 5255:Sturgeon Bay Ship Canal 3936:Legget, Robert (1955). 3919:Holland's Landing Depot 3856:(in German). fen-net.de 3825:National Historic Sites 3512: 3424:Opposition from Toronto 3334:1885 Dynamite explosion 2821:to provide an overland 2805:To solve this problem, 2736:Rhine–Main–Danube Canal 2732:Fairmont, West Virginia 141:386 km (240 miles) 5603:Marine protected areas 5593:Lake Michigan Triangle 5495:Great Lakes Commission 5238:Sault Ste. Marie Canal 4145:Lambton, John (1839). 3850:"11 Höhenunterschiede" 3673:Peterborough Lift Lock 3621:, and now is used for 3581: 3528: 3469:and a director of the 3200: 3128:Upper Canada Rebellion 3080:containerized shipping 3035:George Strange Boulton 3013: 3003: 2767: 2676: 2586:Upper Canada Rebellion 2159:Glen Ross swing bridge 1791:Hastings swing bridge 1584:Peterborough Lift Lock 841:Bolsover swing bridge 5961:Canals opened in 1920 5931:Trent–Severn Waterway 5828:Northwest Territories 5444:Nipissing Great Lakes 5389:Glacial Lake Iroquois 5295:Detroit River Islands 5260:Trent–Severn Waterway 4741:Angus, James (1998). 3802:Trent–Severn Waterway 3726:Ottawa River Waterway 3714:Lock 25 - Sawer Creek 3579: 3526: 3288:Midland. The Toronto 3198: 3058:Huron link, expansion 3011: 2973:Catharine Parr Traill 2966:Bethune launched the 2921:Northumberland County 2765: 2673: 2523:Trent–Severn Waterway 128:Trent–Severn Waterway 38:Trent–Severn Waterway 5790:Prince Edward Island 5454:Wisconsin glaciation 5429:Last Glacial Maximum 5189:Great Lakes Waterway 3385:Decision to complete 3169:John Rudolphus Booth 2997:Bank of Upper Canada 2898: 2880:Saint Lawrence River 2819:Penetanguishene Road 2717:Saint Lawrence River 2643:in the west and the 1633:Maria Street bridge 1316:Lock 28 foot bridge 462:Hamlet swing bridge 5588:Lake Michigan–Huron 5500:Great Lakes Compact 5490:Great Lakes Charter 5449:Scotch Bonnet Ridge 5250:Straits of Mackinac 5226:St. Lawrence Seaway 4363:, pp. 190–192. 4351:, pp. 188–189. 3687:Kirkfield Lift Lock 3590:Kirkfield Lift Lock 3418:Grand Trunk Railway 3261:Grand Trunk Railway 2771:Samuel de Champlain 2730:drainage basin) at 865:Kirkfield Lift Lock 5886:History portal 5439:Niagara Escarpment 5368:Potawatomi Islands 5356:Lake Huron Islands 5221:St. Lawrence River 5007:Grand Traverse Bay 4986:St. Joseph Channel 4976:Potagannissing Bay 3788:2016-04-20 at the 3582: 3529: 3409:strong win in the 3201: 3150:Province of Canada 3132:Rebellions of 1837 3070:and then stage to 3014: 2935:to Bridgenorth on 2904:James Gray Bethune 2807:John Graves Simcoe 2768: 2677: 200:Construction began 21:Severn Trent Water 5936:Canals in Ontario 5918: 5917: 5898:Canada portal 5679: 5678: 5608:Marysburgh vortex 5317:Manitoulin Island 5312:Lake Erie Islands 5162: 5161: 5022:Little Bay de Noc 4787:, Ontario Tourism 4667:. Egan Houseboats 3627:Kawartha Voyageur 3407:Wilfrid Laurier's 3349:federal elections 3304:, Lovesick Lake, 3298:John A. Macdonald 3064:Sir John Colborne 2728:Mississippi River 2724:Monongahela River 2609:John A. Macdonald 2529:route connecting 2519: 2518: 2515: 2514: 2511: 2510: 2475: 2474: 2021: 2020: 1852: 1851: 909: 908: 123: 122: 5968: 5907: 5906: 5896: 5895: 5894: 5884: 5883: 5882: 5871: 5870: 5733:British Columbia 5706: 5699: 5692: 5683: 5673:Lakes portal 5671: 5670: 5669: 5578:Lake-effect snow 5377:Historic geology 5055:Hamilton Harbour 4928:Presque Isle Bay 4913: 4824:of North America 4815: 4808: 4801: 4792: 4758: 4729: 4728: 4726: 4725: 4714: 4708: 4707: 4705: 4704: 4693: 4687: 4682: 4676: 4675: 4673: 4672: 4660: 4654: 4653: 4651: 4650: 4639: 4633: 4628: 4622: 4621: 4619: 4617: 4600: 4594: 4588: 4582: 4576: 4570: 4564: 4558: 4552: 4543: 4542: 4523: 4517: 4511: 4502: 4496: 4490: 4484: 4478: 4472: 4466: 4460: 4454: 4448: 4439: 4433: 4427: 4421: 4415: 4409: 4403: 4397: 4388: 4382: 4376: 4370: 4364: 4358: 4352: 4346: 4340: 4334: 4328: 4322: 4316: 4310: 4304: 4298: 4292: 4286: 4280: 4279: 4268: 4262: 4256: 4250: 4244: 4238: 4232: 4223: 4217: 4208: 4207: 4202:. Archived from 4191: 4176: 4175: 4157: 4151: 4150: 4142: 4136: 4130: 4124: 4118: 4112: 4106: 4100: 4094: 4088: 4082: 4073: 4067: 4058: 4052: 4046: 4040: 4034: 4028: 4022: 4016: 4005: 4004: 3992: 3981: 3980:, pp. 9–10. 3975: 3966: 3960: 3954: 3948: 3942: 3941: 3933: 3927: 3926: 3924: 3914: 3908: 3907: 3892: 3883: 3882: 3879:Trent University 3871: 3865: 3864: 3862: 3861: 3854:Main-Donau-Kanal 3846: 3840: 3839: 3837: 3835: 3817: 3811: 3799: 3793: 3780: 3765: 3759: 3711: 3697: 3683: 3669: 3653: 3513:Mulock's madness 3245:Victoria Railway 3223:on Lake Simcoe. 3140:Governor General 3047:Nicol Hugh Baird 2860:Chute-à-Blondeau 2840:Chatham, England 2778:Military origins 2752: 2751: 2633:pleasure boating 2567:Lake Couchiching 2503: 2496: 2489: 2483: 2425: 2424: 2402: 2401: 2372: 2371: 2354: 2353: 2344: 2343: 2316: 2315: 2288: 2287: 2258: 2257: 2230: 2229: 2202: 2201: 2174: 2173: 2152: 2151: 2129: 2128: 2101: 2100: 2073: 2072: 2045: 2044: 2009: 2002: 2001: 1982: 1981: 1952: 1951: 1924: 1923: 1896: 1895: 1876: 1875: 1840: 1833: 1832: 1805: 1804: 1785: 1784: 1763: 1762: 1741: 1740: 1736: 1735: 1726: 1725: 1698: 1697: 1675: 1674: 1647: 1646: 1627: 1626: 1604: 1603: 1574: 1573: 1551: 1550: 1535:Trent University 1528: 1527: 1500: 1499: 1472: 1471: 1444: 1443: 1416: 1415: 1386: 1385: 1358: 1357: 1340: 1339: 1330: 1329: 1310: 1309: 1282: 1281: 1254: 1253: 1226: 1225: 1204: 1203: 1182: 1181: 1162: 1161: 1132: 1131: 1109: 1108: 1101: 1100: 1092: 1091: 1062: 1061: 1055: 1054: 1033: 1032: 1026: 1025: 996: 995: 974: 973: 946: 945: 924: 923: 910: watershed 893: 885: 884: 855: 854: 835: 834: 815: 814: 787: 786: 759: 758: 731: 730: 703: 702: 675: 674: 657: 656: 647: 646: 627: 626: 605: 604: 587: 586: 577: 576: 562:Lake Couchiching 555: 554: 537: 536: 527: 526: 504: 503: 476: 475: 456: 455: 428: 427: 398: 397: 368: 367: 348: 347: 330: 329: 320: 319: 298: 297: 283: 261: 248: 238: 125: 102: 97: 94: 92: 90: 88: 86: 84: 82: 47: 35: 5976: 5975: 5971: 5970: 5969: 5967: 5966: 5965: 5921: 5920: 5919: 5914: 5892: 5890: 5880: 5878: 5858: 5847:Other countries 5842: 5816: 5716: 5710: 5680: 5675: 5667: 5665: 5659: 5536: 5458: 5372: 5337:Treasure Island 5290:Apostle Islands 5276: 5233:St. Marys River 5216:St. Clair River 5158: 5142: 5096:Chequamegon Bay 5079: 5043: 5039:Manitou Passage 5027:Porte des Morts 4995: 4954:Nottawasaga Bay 4937: 4908: 4902: 4866:Secondary lakes 4861: 4825: 4819: 4780:TrentSevern.com 4765: 4755: 4740: 4737: 4732: 4723: 4721: 4716: 4715: 4711: 4702: 4700: 4695: 4694: 4690: 4683: 4679: 4670: 4668: 4663: 4661: 4657: 4648: 4646: 4641: 4640: 4636: 4629: 4625: 4615: 4613: 4612:. June 30, 2008 4602: 4601: 4597: 4589: 4585: 4577: 4573: 4565: 4561: 4553: 4546: 4539: 4525: 4524: 4520: 4512: 4505: 4497: 4493: 4485: 4481: 4473: 4469: 4461: 4457: 4449: 4442: 4434: 4430: 4422: 4418: 4410: 4406: 4398: 4391: 4383: 4379: 4371: 4367: 4359: 4355: 4347: 4343: 4335: 4331: 4323: 4319: 4311: 4307: 4299: 4295: 4287: 4283: 4270: 4269: 4265: 4257: 4253: 4245: 4241: 4233: 4226: 4218: 4211: 4193: 4192: 4179: 4172: 4159: 4158: 4154: 4144: 4143: 4139: 4131: 4127: 4119: 4115: 4107: 4103: 4095: 4091: 4083: 4076: 4068: 4061: 4053: 4049: 4041: 4037: 4029: 4025: 4017: 4008: 3994: 3993: 3984: 3976: 3969: 3961: 3957: 3949: 3945: 3938:Rideau Waterway 3935: 3934: 3930: 3922: 3916: 3915: 3911: 3894: 3893: 3886: 3873: 3872: 3868: 3859: 3857: 3848: 3847: 3843: 3833: 3831: 3819: 3818: 3814: 3800: 3796: 3790:Wayback Machine 3781: 3768: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3747: 3722: 3715: 3712: 3703: 3698: 3689: 3684: 3675: 3670: 3661: 3660:at Scotts Mills 3654: 3574: 3521: 3519:Newmarket Canal 3515: 3499:National Policy 3489:. Prior to the 3487:Wilfrid Laurier 3479: 3426: 3387: 3353:National Policy 3345: 3336: 3269: 3193: 3162:central Ontario 3124: 3060: 3006: 2901: 2864:Carillon Canals 2827:Holland Landing 2800:Michilimackinac 2780: 2760: 2749: 2747: 2668: 2637:cottage country 2613:Wilfrid Laurier 2507: 2481: 2455: 2446: 2426: 2403: 2388: 2378: 2373: 2351: 2345: 2330: 2322: 2317: 2302: 2294: 2289: 2274: 2264: 2259: 2244: 2236: 2231: 2216: 2208: 2203: 2188: 2180: 2175: 2160: 2153: 2130: 2115: 2107: 2102: 2087: 2079: 2074: 2059: 2051: 2046: 2031: 2023: 2003: 1983: 1968: 1958: 1953: 1938: 1930: 1925: 1910: 1902: 1897: 1877: 1862: 1854: 1834: 1819: 1811: 1806: 1786: 1764: 1738: 1733: 1727: 1712: 1704: 1699: 1676: 1661: 1653: 1648: 1628: 1605: 1590: 1580: 1575: 1552: 1529: 1514: 1506: 1501: 1486: 1478: 1473: 1458: 1450: 1445: 1430: 1422: 1417: 1402: 1392: 1387: 1372: 1364: 1359: 1337: 1331: 1311: 1296: 1291:Burleigh Falls 1288: 1283: 1268: 1260: 1255: 1240: 1232: 1227: 1205: 1183: 1163: 1148: 1138: 1133: 1111: 1110: 1103: 1102: 1093: 1078: 1068: 1063: 1056: 1034: 1027: 1012: 1002: 997: 975: 960: 952: 947: 925: 886: 871: 861: 856: 836: 816: 801: 793: 788: 773: 765: 760: 745: 737: 732: 717: 709: 704: 689: 681: 676: 654: 648: 628: 606: 584: 578: 556: 534: 528: 505: 490: 482: 477: 457: 442: 434: 429: 414: 404: 399: 384: 374: 369: 349: 327: 321: 299: 284: 281: 272: 255: 115: 79: 50: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5974: 5972: 5964: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5923: 5922: 5916: 5915: 5913: 5912: 5900: 5888: 5876: 5863: 5860: 5859: 5857: 5856: 5850: 5848: 5844: 5843: 5841: 5840: 5835: 5830: 5824: 5822: 5818: 5817: 5815: 5814: 5809: 5808: 5807: 5802: 5792: 5787: 5786: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5724: 5722: 5718: 5717: 5711: 5709: 5708: 5701: 5694: 5686: 5677: 5676: 5664: 5661: 5660: 5658: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5636: 5635: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5583:Lake freighter 5580: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5544: 5542: 5541:Related topics 5538: 5537: 5535: 5534: 5533: 5532: 5525:Municipalities 5522: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5466: 5464: 5460: 5459: 5457: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5414:Lake Frontenac 5411: 5406: 5404:Lake Algonquin 5401: 5396: 5394:Lake Admiralty 5391: 5386: 5380: 5378: 5374: 5373: 5371: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5359: 5358: 5348: 5343: 5342: 5341: 5340: 5339: 5332:Lake Mindemoya 5329: 5324: 5314: 5309: 5308: 5307: 5297: 5292: 5286: 5284: 5278: 5277: 5275: 5274: 5273: 5272: 5262: 5257: 5252: 5247: 5246: 5245: 5240: 5230: 5229: 5228: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5207: 5206: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5170: 5168: 5164: 5163: 5160: 5159: 5157: 5156: 5150: 5148: 5144: 5143: 5141: 5140: 5139: 5138: 5133: 5131:Batchawana Bay 5123: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5087: 5085: 5081: 5080: 5078: 5077: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5051: 5049: 5045: 5044: 5042: 5041: 5036: 5035: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5017:Big Bay de Noc 5009: 5003: 5001: 4997: 4996: 4994: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4966:Munuscong Lake 4963: 4958: 4957: 4956: 4945: 4943: 4939: 4938: 4936: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4919: 4917: 4910: 4904: 4903: 4901: 4900: 4895: 4890: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4869: 4867: 4863: 4862: 4860: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4833: 4831: 4827: 4826: 4820: 4818: 4817: 4810: 4803: 4795: 4789: 4788: 4782: 4777: 4772: 4771:, Parks Canada 4764: 4763:External links 4761: 4760: 4759: 4753: 4736: 4733: 4731: 4730: 4709: 4688: 4677: 4655: 4634: 4623: 4595: 4593:, p. 293. 4583: 4581:, p. 219. 4571: 4569:, p. 218. 4559: 4557:, p. 215. 4544: 4537: 4518: 4516:, p. 213. 4503: 4501:, p. 212. 4491: 4489:, p. 211. 4479: 4477:, p. 210. 4467: 4465:, p. 207. 4455: 4453:, p. 202. 4440: 4438:, p. 201. 4428: 4426:, p. 200. 4416: 4414:, p. 198. 4404: 4402:, p. 195. 4389: 4387:, p. 196. 4377: 4375:, p. 194. 4365: 4353: 4341: 4339:, p. 181. 4329: 4327:, p. 188. 4317: 4315:, p. 180. 4305: 4303:, p. 179. 4293: 4291:, p. 190. 4281: 4276:Waymarking.com 4263: 4261:, p. 174. 4251: 4249:, p. 184. 4239: 4237:, p. 182. 4224: 4222:, p. 158. 4209: 4206:on 2007-12-25. 4177: 4170: 4152: 4137: 4125: 4113: 4101: 4089: 4074: 4059: 4047: 4035: 4023: 4006: 3982: 3967: 3955: 3943: 3928: 3909: 3906:on 2002-12-14. 3900:Globe and Mail 3884: 3881:. Spring 2005. 3866: 3841: 3812: 3794: 3792:, Parks Canada 3766: 3764:, Parks Canada 3753: 3751: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3742: 3741: 3735: 3729: 3721: 3718: 3717: 3716: 3713: 3706: 3704: 3699: 3692: 3690: 3685: 3678: 3676: 3671: 3664: 3662: 3655: 3648: 3573: 3570: 3533:William Mulock 3517:Main article: 3514: 3511: 3478: 3475: 3425: 3422: 3391:1891 elections 3386: 3383: 3344: 3341: 3332:Main article: 3302:Burleigh Falls 3268: 3265: 3192: 3189: 3158:Château Clique 3123: 3120: 3099:Family Compact 3059: 3056: 3023:Northumberland 3005: 3004:Baird's survey 3002: 2929:Otonabee River 2900: 2899:Bethune's lock 2897: 2796:Lake St. Clair 2779: 2776: 2759: 2756: 2720:drainage basin 2667: 2664: 2559:Kawartha Lakes 2555:Otonabee River 2517: 2516: 2513: 2512: 2509: 2508: 2506: 2505: 2498: 2491: 2482:This diagram: 2480: 2477: 2476: 2473: 2472: 2470: 2468: 2466: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2457: 2456: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2444: 2442: 2440: 2438: 2435: 2434: 2429: 2427: 2420: 2418: 2416: 2413: 2412: 2406: 2404: 2397: 2395: 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1403: 1400: 1398: 1393: 1390: 1388: 1381: 1379: 1377: 1374: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1367:Young's Point 1365: 1362: 1360: 1353: 1351: 1349: 1346: 1345: 1334: 1332: 1325: 1323: 1321: 1318: 1317: 1314: 1312: 1305: 1303: 1301: 1298: 1297: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1277: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1258: 1256: 1249: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1241: 1238: 1236: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1221: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1213: 1208: 1206: 1199: 1197: 1195: 1192: 1191: 1186: 1184: 1177: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1157: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1127: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1119: 1114: 1112: 1104: 1096: 1095: 1094: 1087: 1085: 1083: 1080: 1079: 1076: 1074: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1057: 1050: 1048: 1046: 1043: 1042: 1037: 1035: 1028: 1021: 1019: 1017: 1014: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1003: 1000: 998: 991: 989: 987: 984: 983: 978: 976: 969: 967: 965: 962: 961: 958: 956: 953: 950: 948: 941: 939: 937: 934: 933: 928: 926: 919: 917: 915: 912: 911: 907: 906: 900: 899: 889: 887: 880: 878: 876: 873: 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256: 251: 243: 242: 234: 233: 230: 229: 224: 220: 219: 214: 210: 209: 205: 204: 201: 197: 196: 192: 191: 188: 184: 183: 180: 176: 175: 172: 165: 164: 161: 154: 153: 150: 143: 142: 139: 135: 134: 133:Specifications 130: 129: 121: 120: 117: 116: 111: 108: 107: 104: 103: 77: 73: 72: 67: 66:Governing body 63: 62: 56: 52: 51: 48: 40: 39: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5973: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5928: 5926: 5911: 5910: 5901: 5899: 5889: 5887: 5877: 5875: 5874: 5865: 5864: 5861: 5855: 5852: 5851: 5849: 5845: 5839: 5836: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5826: 5825: 5823: 5819: 5813: 5810: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5797: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5760: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5743:New Brunswick 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5725: 5723: 5719: 5714: 5707: 5702: 5700: 5695: 5693: 5688: 5687: 5684: 5674: 5662: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5634: 5631: 5630: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5545: 5543: 5539: 5531: 5528: 5527: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5467: 5465: 5463:Organizations 5461: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5384:Champlain Sea 5382: 5381: 5379: 5375: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5357: 5354: 5353: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5338: 5335: 5334: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5322:Lake Kagawong 5320: 5319: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5306: 5303: 5302: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5287: 5285: 5283: 5279: 5271: 5268: 5267: 5266: 5265:Welland Canal 5263: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5235: 5234: 5231: 5227: 5224: 5223: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5211:Nipigon River 5209: 5205: 5202: 5201: 5200: 5199:Niagara River 5197: 5195: 5194:Chicago River 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5174:Detroit River 5172: 5171: 5169: 5165: 5155: 5152: 5151: 5149: 5145: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5128: 5127: 5126:Whitefish Bay 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5088: 5086: 5082: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5052: 5050: 5046: 5040: 5037: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5014: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5004: 5002: 4998: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4971:North Channel 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4955: 4952: 4951: 4950: 4947: 4946: 4944: 4940: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4920: 4918: 4914: 4911: 4905: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4891: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4870: 4868: 4864: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4834: 4832: 4828: 4823: 4816: 4811: 4809: 4804: 4802: 4797: 4796: 4793: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4770: 4767: 4766: 4762: 4756: 4754:9780773518216 4750: 4746: 4745: 4739: 4738: 4734: 4719: 4713: 4710: 4698: 4692: 4689: 4686: 4681: 4678: 4666: 4659: 4656: 4644: 4638: 4635: 4632: 4627: 4624: 4611: 4610: 4609:Newmarket Era 4605: 4599: 4596: 4592: 4587: 4584: 4580: 4575: 4572: 4568: 4563: 4560: 4556: 4551: 4549: 4545: 4540: 4538:9780665249341 4534: 4530: 4529: 4522: 4519: 4515: 4510: 4508: 4504: 4500: 4495: 4492: 4488: 4483: 4480: 4476: 4471: 4468: 4464: 4459: 4456: 4452: 4447: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4432: 4429: 4425: 4420: 4417: 4413: 4408: 4405: 4401: 4396: 4394: 4390: 4386: 4381: 4378: 4374: 4369: 4366: 4362: 4357: 4354: 4350: 4345: 4342: 4338: 4333: 4330: 4326: 4321: 4318: 4314: 4309: 4306: 4302: 4297: 4294: 4290: 4285: 4282: 4277: 4273: 4267: 4264: 4260: 4255: 4252: 4248: 4243: 4240: 4236: 4231: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4216: 4214: 4210: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4190: 4188: 4186: 4184: 4182: 4178: 4173: 4171:0-9739071-1-8 4167: 4163: 4162:Capital Lives 4156: 4153: 4148: 4141: 4138: 4135:, p. 34. 4134: 4129: 4126: 4123:, p. 29. 4122: 4117: 4114: 4111:, p. 31. 4110: 4105: 4102: 4099:, p. 30. 4098: 4093: 4090: 4087:, p. 28. 4086: 4081: 4079: 4075: 4072:, p. 24. 4071: 4066: 4064: 4060: 4057:, p. 25. 4056: 4051: 4048: 4045:, p. 23. 4044: 4039: 4036: 4033:, p. 17. 4032: 4027: 4024: 4021:, p. 14. 4020: 4015: 4013: 4011: 4007: 4002: 3998: 3991: 3989: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3974: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3959: 3956: 3952: 3947: 3944: 3939: 3932: 3929: 3921: 3920: 3913: 3910: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3891: 3889: 3885: 3880: 3876: 3870: 3867: 3855: 3851: 3845: 3842: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3816: 3813: 3809: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3784: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3758: 3755: 3749: 3744: 3739: 3738:Welland Canal 3736: 3733: 3730: 3727: 3724: 3723: 3719: 3710: 3705: 3702: 3696: 3691: 3688: 3682: 3677: 3674: 3668: 3663: 3659: 3652: 3647: 3645: 3642: 3640: 3636: 3635:Barry Devolin 3632: 3629:, as well as 3628: 3624: 3620: 3615: 3613: 3612:Welland Canal 3608: 3605: 3603: 3597: 3593: 3591: 3587: 3578: 3571: 3569: 3566: 3565:Robert Borden 3562: 3561:1911 election 3557: 3555: 3549: 3545: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3525: 3520: 3510: 3507: 3502: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3491:1896 election 3488: 3484: 3476: 3474: 3472: 3468: 3465:, member for 3464: 3458: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3438: 3436: 3431: 3423: 3421: 3419: 3414: 3412: 3411:1896 election 3408: 3403: 3400: 3394: 3392: 3384: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3372: 3366: 3362: 3359: 3354: 3350: 3342: 3340: 3335: 3330: 3328: 3324: 3318: 3315: 3311: 3310:Fenelon Falls 3307: 3303: 3299: 3294: 3291: 3285: 3283: 3279: 3278:Young's Point 3274: 3273:Confederation 3266: 3264: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3249:Fenelon Falls 3246: 3242: 3236: 3234: 3229: 3224: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3213:Panic of 1837 3209: 3207: 3197: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3185:timber slides 3180: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3165:lumber barons 3163: 3159: 3153: 3151: 3147: 3146: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3112: 3106: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3087:Welland Canal 3083: 3081: 3075: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3057: 3055: 3051: 3048: 3042: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3010: 3001: 2998: 2993: 2991: 2985: 2983: 2979: 2974: 2969: 2964: 2962: 2958: 2957:Sturgeon Lake 2954: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2924: 2922: 2918: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2896: 2894: 2889: 2883: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2870:from today's 2869: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2847: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2803: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2788:United States 2785: 2777: 2775: 2772: 2764: 2757: 2755: 2744: 2739: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2726:(part of the 2725: 2721: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2705: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2672: 2665: 2663: 2661: 2657: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2628: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2604: 2601:, and later, 2600: 2596: 2592: 2591:timber slides 2587: 2583: 2579: 2574: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2504: 2499: 2497: 2492: 2490: 2485: 2484: 2479: 2478: 2471: 2469: 2467: 2465: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2448: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2436: 2433: 2432:Bay of Quinte 2428: 2419: 2417: 2414: 2411:swing bridge 2410: 2405: 2396: 2394: 2391: 2385: 2383: 2380: 2375: 2366: 2364: 2361: 2358: 2347: 2338: 2336: 2333: 2327: 2324: 2319: 2310: 2308: 2305: 2299: 2296: 2291: 2282: 2280: 2277: 2271: 2269: 2266: 2261: 2252: 2250: 2247: 2241: 2238: 2233: 2224: 2222: 2219: 2213: 2210: 2205: 2196: 2194: 2191: 2185: 2182: 2177: 2168: 2166: 2163: 2155: 2146: 2144: 2141: 2138:swing bridge 2137: 2132: 2123: 2121: 2118: 2112: 2109: 2104: 2095: 2093: 2090: 2084: 2081: 2076: 2067: 2065: 2062: 2056: 2054:Hagues Reach 2053: 2048: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2028: 2026:Ranney Falls 2025: 2016: 2015: 2011: 2010: 2005: 1996: 1994: 1991: 1985: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1965: 1963: 1960: 1955: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1935: 1932: 1927: 1918: 1916: 1913: 1907: 1905:Healey Falls 1904: 1899: 1890: 1888: 1885: 1879: 1870: 1868: 1865: 1859: 1857:Healey Falls 1856: 1847: 1846: 1842: 1841: 1836: 1827: 1825: 1822: 1816: 1813: 1808: 1799: 1797: 1794: 1788: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1766: 1757: 1755: 1752: 1749: 1745: 1729: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1709: 1707:Scotts Mills 1706: 1701: 1692: 1690: 1687: 1684:swing bridge 1683: 1678: 1669: 1667: 1664: 1658: 1655: 1650: 1641: 1639: 1636: 1630: 1621: 1619: 1616: 1613:swing bridge 1612: 1607: 1598: 1596: 1593: 1587: 1585: 1582: 1577: 1568: 1566: 1563: 1560:swing bridge 1559: 1554: 1545: 1543: 1540: 1536: 1531: 1522: 1520: 1517: 1511: 1509:Nassau Mills 1508: 1503: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1483: 1480: 1475: 1466: 1464: 1461: 1455: 1452: 1447: 1438: 1436: 1433: 1427: 1424: 1419: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1399: 1397: 1394: 1389: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1369: 1366: 1361: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1344: 1333: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1313: 1304: 1302: 1299: 1293: 1290: 1285: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1265: 1262: 1257: 1248: 1246: 1243: 1237: 1234: 1229: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1212: 1211:Buckhorn Lake 1207: 1198: 1196: 1193: 1190: 1185: 1176: 1174: 1171: 1165: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1135: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1118: 1117:Sturgeon Lake 1113: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1075: 1073: 1070: 1065: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1041: 1036: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1009: 1007: 1006:Fenelon Falls 1004: 999: 990: 988: 985: 982: 977: 968: 966: 963: 957: 954: 949: 940: 938: 935: 932: 927: 918: 916: 913: 905: 902: 901: 898: 895: 894: 888: 879: 877: 874: 868: 866: 863: 858: 849: 847: 844: 838: 829: 827: 824: 818: 809: 807: 804: 798: 795: 790: 781: 779: 776: 770: 767: 762: 753: 751: 748: 742: 739: 734: 725: 723: 720: 714: 711: 706: 697: 695: 692: 686: 683: 678: 669: 667: 664: 661: 650: 641: 639: 636: 630: 621: 619: 616: 613: 608: 599: 597: 594: 591: 580: 571: 569: 566: 563: 558: 549: 547: 544: 541: 530: 521: 519: 516: 513:swing bridge 512: 507: 498: 496: 493: 487: 484: 479: 470: 468: 465: 459: 450: 448: 445: 439: 437:Swift Rapids 436: 431: 422: 420: 417: 411: 409: 406: 401: 392: 390: 387: 381: 379: 376: 371: 362: 360: 357: 351: 342: 340: 337: 334: 323: 314: 312: 309: 306: 301: 292: 290: 287: 280: 276: 274: 269: 267: 265: 262: 259: 258: 254: 250: 249: 244: 239: 235: 231: 228: 225: 221: 218: 217:Bay of Quinte 215: 211: 206: 202: 198: 193: 189: 185: 181: 177: 173: 171: 166: 162: 160: 155: 151: 149: 144: 140: 136: 131: 126: 118: 114: 105: 101: 96: 78: 74: 71: 68: 64: 60: 57: 53: 46: 41: 36: 33: 29: 22: 5902: 5866: 5812:Saskatchewan 5598:Lake surfing 5424:Lake Stanley 5409:Lake Chicago 5399:Lake Agassiz 5327:Lake Manitou 5259: 5184:French River 5116:Superior Bay 5111:Pokegama Bay 5106:Keweenaw Bay 5091:Au Train Bay 5032:Sturgeon Bay 4949:Georgian Bay 4933:Sandusky Bay 4743: 4735:Bibliography 4722:. Retrieved 4712: 4701:. Retrieved 4691: 4680: 4669:. Retrieved 4658: 4647:. Retrieved 4637: 4626: 4614:. Retrieved 4607: 4598: 4586: 4574: 4562: 4527: 4521: 4494: 4482: 4470: 4458: 4431: 4419: 4407: 4380: 4368: 4356: 4344: 4332: 4320: 4308: 4296: 4284: 4275: 4266: 4254: 4242: 4204:the original 4200:Cobourg Star 4199: 4161: 4155: 4140: 4128: 4116: 4104: 4092: 4050: 4038: 4026: 4000: 3965:, p. 9. 3958: 3953:, p. 8. 3946: 3937: 3931: 3918: 3912: 3904:the original 3899: 3878: 3869: 3858:. Retrieved 3853: 3844: 3832:. Retrieved 3829:Parks Canada 3824: 3815: 3805: 3797: 3757: 3732:Rideau Canal 3658:Peterborough 3643: 3626: 3619:Parks Canada 3616: 3609: 3606: 3598: 3594: 3583: 3558: 3550: 3546: 3530: 3503: 3480: 3467:Toronto West 3463:Edmund Osler 3459: 3451:Fort William 3439: 3427: 3415: 3404: 3398: 3395: 3388: 3379: 3375: 3367: 3363: 3357: 3346: 3337: 3319: 3295: 3289: 3286: 3270: 3237: 3225: 3210: 3206:railway rush 3202: 3181: 3154: 3143: 3125: 3107: 3084: 3076: 3067: 3061: 3052: 3043: 3015: 2994: 2986: 2981: 2977: 2967: 2965: 2937:Lake Chemong 2925: 2912:Peterborough 2902: 2884: 2868:Rideau Canal 2852:Upper Canada 2848: 2844:Wasaga Beach 2815:Yonge Street 2804: 2781: 2769: 2743:Parks Canada 2740: 2706: 2693:Peterborough 2687:, hydraulic 2685:flight locks 2678: 2660:Parks Canada 2658:operated by 2629: 2625:Georgian Bay 2607: 2575: 2571:Severn River 2539:Georgian Bay 2531:Lake Ontario 2522: 2520: 2297:Glen Miller 2110:Percy Reach 1962:Campbellford 1537:foot bridge 1425:Sawer Creek 981:Cameron Lake 904:Lake Ontario 485:Couchiching 305:Georgian Bay 227:Georgian Bay 95:/trentsevern 70:Parks Canada 32: 5941:Ship canals 5909:WikiProject 5821:Territories 5805:Quebec City 5753:Nova Scotia 5715:by location 5650:Third Coast 5613:Megalopolis 5573:Lake breeze 5558:Circle Tour 5419:Lake Maumee 5305:Isle Royale 5270:First canal 5136:Goulais Bay 5121:Thunder Bay 5075:Wellers Bay 5070:Toronto Bay 4991:Thunder Bay 4981:Saginaw Bay 4961:Lake George 4898:Couchiching 4822:Great Lakes 4665:"Home page" 4643:"Home page" 4616:January 22, 3586:Balsam Lake 3572:Canal today 3443:grain trade 3371:Waubaushene 3314:Tom Rubidge 3171:'s mill in 2990:blackpowder 2961:Lake Scugog 2949:Pigeon Lake 2832:War of 1812 2713:Great Lakes 2709:Balsam Lake 2656:linear park 2621:World War I 2599:plank roads 2563:Lake Simcoe 2551:Trent River 2547:Port Severn 2357:Highway 401 1748:Highway 115 1656:Ashburnham 1189:Pigeon Lake 1040:Lake Scugog 931:Balsam Lake 684:Gamebridge 612:Lake Simcoe 378:Port Severn 333:Highway 400 213:Start point 148:boat length 5925:Categories 5640:Shipwrecks 5568:Great Loop 5179:Erie Canal 5154:Anchor Bay 5060:Humber Bay 4923:Maumee Bay 4830:Main lakes 4724:2019-10-03 4703:2019-10-03 4671:2011-02-19 4649:2012-04-09 4591:Angus 1998 4579:Angus 1998 4567:Angus 1998 4555:Angus 1998 4514:Angus 1998 4499:Angus 1998 4487:Angus 1998 4475:Angus 1998 4463:Angus 1998 4451:Angus 1998 4436:Angus 1998 4424:Angus 1998 4412:Angus 1998 4400:Angus 1998 4385:Angus 1998 4373:Angus 1998 4361:Angus 1998 4349:Angus 1998 4337:Angus 1998 4325:Angus 1998 4313:Angus 1998 4301:Angus 1998 4289:Angus 1998 4259:Angus 1998 4247:Angus 1998 4235:Angus 1998 4220:Angus 1998 4133:Angus 1998 4121:Angus 1998 4109:Angus 1998 4097:Angus 1998 4085:Angus 1998 4070:Angus 1998 4055:Angus 1998 4043:Angus 1998 4031:Angus 1998 4019:Angus 1998 3978:Angus 1998 3963:Angus 1998 3951:Angus 1998 3860:2009-09-21 3745:References 3495:free trade 3430:Erie Canal 3095:Erie Canal 3031:John Brown 2953:Stony Lake 2945:Bobcaygeon 2933:stagecoach 2689:lift locks 2649:Great Loop 2595:toll roads 2543:Lake Huron 2211:Frankford 2183:Glen Ross 1933:Crowe Bay 1343:Highway 28 1142:Bobcaygeon 897:Lake Huron 660:Highway 12 590:Highway 12 540:Highway 11 170:boat draft 5721:Provinces 5633:Laurentia 5563:Crossings 5363:Populated 5243:Soo Locks 5167:Waterways 5147:St. Clair 5101:Huron Bay 5065:Sodus Bay 5012:Green Bay 4893:Winnebago 4888:St. Clair 4878:Nipissing 3750:Citations 3631:houseboat 3592:in 1907. 3537:Newmarket 3506:Port Hope 3483:Liberal's 3221:Beaverton 3091:Lake Erie 2917:Port Hope 2915:over it. 2888:Rice Lake 2856:Grenville 2697:Kirkfield 2666:Geography 2645:Kawarthas 2582:steamship 1814:Hastings 1770:Rice Lake 1744:Highway 7 1481:Otonabee 1396:Lakefield 1263:Lovesick 1235:Buckhorn 955:Rosedale 796:Bolsover 241:Route map 223:End point 208:Geography 159:boat beam 5873:Category 5800:Montreal 5768:Kingston 5763:Hamilton 5738:Manitoba 5655:Treaties 5084:Superior 5000:Michigan 4909:channels 4907:Bays and 4857:Superior 4847:Michigan 4531:. 1888. 3786:Archived 3720:See also 3602:railways 3435:New York 3399:Examiner 3358:Examiner 3323:dynamite 3306:Buckhorn 3282:Rosedale 3111:Hastings 3068:Pemedash 2982:Sturgeon 2978:Sturgeon 2968:Pemedash 2876:Kingston 2817:and the 2699:, and a 2617:Liberals 2603:railways 1746: / 740:Portage 168:Maximum 157:Maximum 146:Maximum 91:/lhn-nhs 61:, Canada 55:Location 5833:Nunavut 5783:Toronto 5773:Niagara 5758:Ontario 5728:Alberta 5282:Islands 5048:Ontario 4873:Nipigon 4852:Ontario 3834:28 July 3623:tourism 3290:Tribune 3115:Marmora 2941:Lindsay 2908:Cobourg 2893:lottery 2823:portage 2792:Detroit 2758:History 2675:Simcoe. 2641:Muskoka 2639:, both 2535:Trenton 2382:Trenton 2325:Sidney 2082:Meyers 1072:Lindsay 768:Talbot 712:Thorah 195:History 76:Website 59:Ontario 5854:France 5795:Quebec 5778:Ottawa 5645:Storms 5628:Region 5530:Cities 4883:Simcoe 4751: 4535: 4168: 3461:1898, 3251:, the 3173:Ottawa 3122:Hiatus 3019:Durham 2943:) and 2872:Ottawa 2836:anchor 2355: 2268:Batawa 2239:Trent 1742: 1453:Douro 1341: 658: 588: 538: 331: 253:Legend 246: 187:Status 138:Length 5838:Yukon 5623:Ports 5548:Basin 5204:Falls 4942:Huron 4842:Huron 3923:(PDF) 3554:House 3327:Tweed 3325:from 3177:rafts 2681:locks 2545:, at 2527:canal 2022: 2007: 1853: 1838: 1711:142.8 1660:144.1 1589:145.0 1513:151.7 1485:152.6 1457:155.1 1429:156.6 1401:158.9 1371:168.1 1295:181.8 1267:184.7 1239:194.2 1147:222.4 1077:251.6 1011:247.2 959:252.9 891: 870:272.6 800:284.9 772:286.5 744:289.1 716:289.8 688:290.9 489:337.8 441:361.2 413:374.1 383:387.1 179:Locks 4916:Erie 4837:Erie 4749:ISBN 4618:2015 4533:ISBN 4166:ISBN 3836:2011 3559:The 3347:The 3308:and 3280:and 3072:York 3021:and 2959:and 2862:and 2695:and 2578:lock 2569:and 2521:The 2502:edit 2495:talk 2488:view 2445:Lock 2243:10.3 2215:11.7 2187:22.2 2114:40.7 2086:42.5 2058:45.0 2030:47.8 1967:51.8 1937:54.2 1909:58.2 1861:58.8 1818:82.3 271:Lock 203:1833 190:Open 3810:. 3535:of 2874:to 2842:to 2794:or 2750:000 2748:125 2691:at 2615:'s 2537:to 2533:at 2409:CNR 2387:2.9 2329:3.9 2301:6.2 2273:8.3 2136:CNR 1682:CNR 1611:CPR 1558:CNR 511:CNR 93:/on 89:/en 87:.ca 85:.gc 83:.pc 81:www 5927:: 4606:. 4547:^ 4506:^ 4443:^ 4392:^ 4274:. 4227:^ 4212:^ 4198:. 4180:^ 4077:^ 4062:^ 4009:^ 3999:. 3985:^ 3970:^ 3898:. 3887:^ 3877:. 3827:. 3823:. 3804:. 3769:^ 3187:. 2955:, 2951:, 2923:. 2858:, 2809:, 2802:. 2605:. 2597:, 2565:, 2561:, 2557:, 2553:, 2541:, 2453:km 2050:10 2017:11 2012:12 1957:13 1929:14 1901:15 1848:16 1843:17 1810:18 1703:19 1652:20 1579:21 1505:22 1477:23 1449:24 1421:25 1391:26 1363:27 1287:28 1259:30 1231:31 1137:32 1067:33 1001:34 951:35 860:36 792:37 764:38 736:39 708:40 680:41 481:42 433:43 403:44 373:45 279:km 182:44 5705:e 5698:t 5691:v 4814:e 4807:t 4800:v 4757:. 4727:. 4706:. 4674:. 4652:. 4541:. 4278:. 4174:. 4149:. 4003:. 3863:. 3838:. 2715:– 2377:1 2321:2 2293:3 2263:4 2235:5 2207:6 2179:7 2106:8 2078:9 282:0 30:. 23:.

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Index