841:, and thus it believed that it had to acquire territory, given that its neighbors were being aggrandized. Romania's argument that it had turned the scales of the war was accepted without serious objections, due in part to Bulgaria's attitude not attracting much compassion. Despite not annexing the areas inhabited by Balkan Vlachs, Romania nevertheless obtained protection of the schools and churches of the Vlachs in the other Balkan states. Thus, Romania was the only Balkan country to obtain guarantees from all three of its neighbors, which pledged to recognize its interest in, and respect the autonomy of the Balkan Vlachs. The status of the Vlachs in Bulgarian territories was settled on 4 August, in Greek territories on 5 August and in Serbian territories between 5 and 7 August. The 1913 Treaty of Bucharest itself was signed on 10 August. One notable aspect of this treaty was the lack of any real involvement from the European Great Powers. The Balkan states hurried to settle their differences before the Great Powers could again intervene in their affairs. That's not to say, however, that the treaty went unnoticed, but the reactions among the Great Powers were mixed: there were rumblings from the capitals of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia, while the British and the French rejoiced in the "coming of age" of the Balkan states. The Great Powers did not revise the treaty. Overall, the six Powers of the Concert of Europe had proved themselves to be rather helpless in Balkan crises. They had been unable to prevent the wars and subsequently could not ignore their results. The idea of revising the 1913 Treaty of Bucharest had to be abandoned.
396:
686:
241:
211:
226:
140:
181:
196:
343:
43:
620:
793:, which Greece had taken from the Ottomans, remained undetermined until February 1914, when the Great Powers recognized Greek sovereignty over them. Tensions with the Ottomans remained high, however, in the face of persecutions of Anatolian Greeks, leading to a crisis and a naval race in summer 1914 that was stopped only by the outbreak of
749:
According to
Anderson and Hershey, the severe terms imposed on Bulgaria contrasted the ambitions of its government upon the entry into the Balkan War: the territory eventually gained was relatively circumscribed; Bulgaria had failed to gain Macedonia, which, with its large population of Bulgarians,
482:
All important arrangements and concessions involving the rectification of the controverted international boundary lines were perfected in a series of committee meetings, incorporated in separate protocols, and formally ratified by subsequent action of the general assembly of delegates. Although the
1783:
459:, launched an attack on its former allies in June 1913. The attacks were driven back, and the Greek and Serbian armies invaded Bulgarian-held territory in return. At the same time, the
1138:"Treaty of Peace Between Bulgaria and Roumania, Greece, Monte-Negro and Servia, Signed at Bukharest July 28/August 10, 1913; ratification exchanged August 30, 1913 (Translation)".
2241:
580:
presented to the conference, increased the area of Greece from 64,790 to 108,610 km (25,020 to 41,930 sq mi) and its population from 2,660,000 to 4,363,000.
475:. Isolated and surrounded by a more powerful coalition of opponents, Bulgaria was forced to agree to a truce and to peace negotiations to be held in the Romanian capital,
2146:
548:. By this arrangement, Serbia increased its territory from 48,300 to 87,780 km (18,650 to 33,890 sq mi) and its population by more than 1.5 million.
483:
Ottomans had also participated in the Second Balkan War, they were not represented at this treaty. Instead, bilateral treaties were later concluded with
Bulgaria (
2176:
1793:
1360:
837:), whom it considered its compatriots. Too distant to be annexed, however, Romania took Southern Dobruja as compensation. Romania was the strongest nation in the
471:, while Romania used the opportunity to invade Bulgaria from the north and advance against little opposition to within a short distance of the Bulgarian capital,
2161:
1808:
2151:
2111:
360:
2106:
650:
Bulgaria's share of the spoils, although greatly reduced, was not entirely negligible. Its net gains in territory, which embraced a portion of
Macedonia,
2211:
2171:
2166:
2136:
53:
2261:
2246:
1788:
1741:
1307:
2206:
1675:
2191:
2116:
2096:
572:. This important territorial concession, which Bulgaria resolutely contested, in compliance with the instructions embraced in the notes which the
2251:
2196:
2266:
1731:
2226:
1384:
1284:
2201:
1798:
395:
31:
1481:
685:
666:, and 110 km of the Aegean littoral, were about 25,030 km (9,660 sq mi), and its population was increased by 129,490.
186:
2181:
2141:
1706:
1670:
1567:
1364:
111:
2256:
2156:
2101:
1933:
83:
2221:
2216:
1236:
1212:
382:
1466:
504:
The eastern frontier of Serbia was drawn from the summit of
Patarika, on the old frontier, and followed the watershed between the
2049:
90:
1685:
484:
326:
1750:
2057:
364:
68:
1609:
1577:
516:
remained in the possession of
Bulgaria. The territory thus obtained by Serbia engulfed central Vardar Macedonia, including "
599:, thus restricting the Aegean seaboard of Bulgaria to an inconsiderable extent of 110 km, with only Dedeagach (modern
1644:
97:
1736:
717:
has an approximate area of 6,960 km (2,690 sq mi), a population of 286,000, and includes the fortress of
2236:
949:
1551:
868:. However, by 16 October, Transylvania had been cleared of Romanian troops. One week later, on 23 October, Romania's
79:
2186:
1639:
1501:
1254:
1167:
353:
2121:
2029:
2019:
1970:
1911:
1881:
1506:
1277:
2131:
1928:
1874:
1350:
455:
Bulgaria, dissatisfied with its gains in the First Balkan War, and especially with Greek and
Serbian gains in
1070:
848:
and support his reign by deploying military forces up to a battalion in strength. Romania's brief stint as a
669:
In addition, Bulgaria agreed to dismantle all existing fortresses and bound itself not to construct forts at
2231:
2126:
1891:
1829:
1614:
1582:
1531:
1446:
1404:
1019:
Defending the Rights of Others: The Great Powers, the Jews, and
International Minority Protection, 1878–1938
974:
War in the
Balkans: An Encyclopedic History from the Fall of the Ottoman Empire to the Breakup of Yugoslavia
845:
643:
635:
444:
318:
2007:
1834:
1654:
1634:
1624:
1461:
1126:
861:
797:. At the end of the war, Greece still had claims to territories inhabited, at the time, by some 3 million
1541:
677:
or in any of the territory between these two cities, or within a radius of 20 kilometers around
Balchik.
1923:
1896:
1649:
1491:
1471:
1436:
1374:
1317:
857:
424:
400:
329:) with the Ottomans, who had regained some territory west of the Enos-Midia Line during the second war.
306:
246:
1965:
428:
1133:. Washington, DC: National Board for Historical Service, Government Printing Office. pp. 439–441.
104:
2075:
1906:
1619:
1270:
1122:
1118:
790:
528:". These territories would today include Novi Pazar in Serbia, the disputed territory of Kosovo, and
525:
436:
432:
2044:
1824:
1629:
1572:
1441:
1369:
1345:
822:
765:
According to
Anderson and Hershey, Greece, though a winner and triumphant after the acquisition of
655:
416:
294:
1198:
2012:
2002:
1997:
1980:
1901:
1886:
1526:
1511:
1496:
1456:
1451:
1334:
1155:
814:
770:
627:
588:
456:
298:
278:
201:
165:
1102:
Report of the International Commission to Inquire into the Causes and Conduct of the Balkan Wars
813:, in which Romania's intervention proved decisive, and the subsequent 1913 Treaty of Bucharest,
758:, which had been a main demand. With only a small outlet to the Aegean around the minor port of
408:
2024:
1990:
1975:
1869:
1594:
1516:
1476:
1399:
1389:
1232:
1208:
834:
810:
631:
314:
310:
302:
262:
231:
216:
60:
852:
thus started with the 1913 Treaty of Bucharest, but ended in October 1916. Having joined the
2039:
1938:
1916:
1765:
1760:
1690:
1546:
1536:
1486:
1421:
1222:
1171:
1147:
906:
Anderson, Frank Maloy; Hershey, Amos Shartle; National Board for Historical Service (1918).
818:
714:
694:
639:
623:
488:
448:
420:
322:
270:
1864:
1854:
1755:
1340:
1312:
1073:. United publishers of Canada, limited. May 2, 1920. p. 395 – via Google Books.
853:
782:
651:
611:
was definitively assigned to Greece and was formally taken over on 14 December that year.
577:
545:
412:
1100:
17:
1248:
907:
2034:
1945:
1803:
1521:
1379:
1327:
873:
798:
759:
663:
600:
573:
509:
464:
460:
404:
286:
139:
2090:
2061:
1859:
1409:
844:
Subsequently, in 1914, Romania managed to impose its candidate for the throne of the
1844:
1839:
1355:
865:
849:
766:
592:
440:
869:
1226:
1202:
1985:
1955:
1849:
1745:
1322:
1293:
794:
750:
was Sofia's avowed purpose in entering the war, and especially the districts of
561:
342:
42:
817:'s dominant position in Southeastern Europe was confirmed. Romania also gained
1960:
1394:
830:
786:
569:
556:
The boundary line separating Greece from Bulgaria was drawn from the crest of
468:
325:. About one month later, the Bulgarians signed a separate border treaty (the
1258:(12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company.
706:
512:
rivers to the Greek-Bulgarian boundary, except that the upper valley of the
476:
161:
537:
909:
Handbook for the diplomatic history of Europe, Asia, and Africa, 1870–1914
741:
The treaty awarded the regions of Berane, Ipek and Gjakova to Montenegro.
1950:
1131:
Handbook for the Diplomatic History of Europe, Asia, and Africa 1870–1914
718:
698:
659:
557:
513:
1159:
838:
726:
604:
533:
517:
367: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
619:
826:
774:
755:
722:
674:
670:
596:
584:
541:
521:
505:
1151:
1105:. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. 1914
778:
751:
684:
618:
608:
529:
472:
394:
144:
Borders of the Balkan states after the Treaty of Bucharest (below)
912:. Harvard University. Washington, D.C. : G.P.O. p. 439.
689:
Territory of Bulgaria ceded to Romania after the Bucharest Treaty
984:
982:
1266:
1247:
1178:(2nd ed.). Cambridge: At the University Press. p. 516
1030:
United States. Department of State, Oceana Publications, 1919,
1262:
336:
36:
951:
Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States
762:, the country had to abandon its project of Balkan hegemony.
697:, lying north of a line extending from the Danube just above
789:
islands. In addition, the status quo of the islands of the
595:. The Greek-Bulgarian border was moved eastwards to beyond
1146:(1, Supplement, Official Documents): 13–27. January 1914.
1013:
1011:
1060:, pp. xii–xiii, xxviii, 30, 123–125, 136, 140 & 162.
293:) was concluded on 10 August 1913, by the delegates of
64:
27:
Territorial settlement following the Second Balkan War
1071:"Canada in the Great World War: The turn of the tide"
1817:
1776:
1724:
1699:
1663:
1602:
1560:
1429:
1300:
524:, Istib, and Kotchana, and the eastern half of the
313:. The Treaty was concluded in the aftermath of the
171:
157:
149:
583:The territory thus gained included large parts of
825:. Romania also raised the question of the Balkan
1176:The Ottoman Empire and its Successors, 1801–1922
1017:Carole Fink, Cambridge University Press, 2006,
1083:David R. Woodward, Infobase Publishing, 2009,
954:. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 741
1278:
8:
1056:Duncan Heaton-Armstrong, I.B. Tauris, 2005,
603:) as a seaport. Within this region was also
132:
69:introducing citations to additional sources
30:For other treaties signed in Bucharest, see
2242:20th-century military history of Montenegro
1231:. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press.
948:State, United States Department of (1947).
1285:
1271:
1263:
1127:"The Treaty of Bucharest, August 10, 1913"
131:
1228:History of the Balkans: Twentieth Century
1140:The American Journal of International Law
383:Learn how and when to remove this message
1676:Provisional Government of Western Thrace
1045:Encyclopedia of Public International Law
1003:Encyclopedia of Public International Law
59:Relevant discussion may be found on the
988:René Ristelhueber, Ardent Media, 1971,
934:
932:
930:
928:
892:
890:
888:
884:
860:on 27 August 1916, Romania launched an
2147:Treaties involving territorial changes
2177:Treaties of the Kingdom of Montenegro
785:, and controlled the Greek-inhabited
7:
1001:Sam Stuart, Elsevier, May 12, 2014,
399:Delegations to the peace conference.
365:adding citations to reliable sources
32:Treaty of Bucharest (disambiguation)
2162:Treaties of the Kingdom of Bulgaria
1804:Initial phase of the Greek genocide
1707:1913 Romanian Army cholera outbreak
1172:"The Balkan League and its Results"
1058:The Six Month Kingdom: Albania 1914
805:Rise of Romania as a regional power
2152:Treaties of the Kingdom of Romania
2112:Macedonia under the Ottoman Empire
721:and the cities of Tutrakan on the
25:
2212:Diplomatic conferences in Romania
2172:Treaties of the Kingdom of Serbia
2167:Treaties of the Kingdom of Greece
1308:Nationalism in the Ottoman Empire
922:Anderson and Hershey, pp. 439–440
2262:History of the Megleno-Romanians
2247:Territorial evolution of Romania
1207:. Malden: Blackwell Publishing.
1032:Catalogue of Treaties, 1814–1918
777:, still had outstanding issues.
773:up to and including the port of
341:
239:
224:
209:
194:
179:
138:
52:relies largely or entirely on a
41:
990:A History of the Balkan Peoples
781:was opposed to Greek claims to
352:needs additional citations for
80:"Treaty of Bucharest" 1913
2117:Treaties of the Ottoman Empire
2097:Austria-Hungary in World War I
1794:Bulgarians deportation program
1365:Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising
705:) to the western shore of the
1:
2267:Military history of Bucharest
2107:History of Greece (1909–1924)
1645:Romanian landings in Bulgaria
1186:– via Internet Archive.
1113:– via Internet Archive.
2137:Vardar Macedonia (1912–1918)
1737:Greco-Turkish crisis of 1914
1246:Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1922).
1043:Sam Stuart, Elsevier, 2014,
938:Anderson and Hershey, p. 440
896:Anderson and Hershey, p. 439
638:at gunpoint while he steals
626:cartoon on the treaty: King
2207:Montenegro–Serbia relations
1732:Autonomy of Northern Epirus
2283:
2192:Bulgaria–Romania relations
2182:Peace treaties of Bulgaria
2142:Treaties concluded in 1913
1751:Ottoman–Bulgarian alliance
693:Bulgaria ceded to Romania
29:
2257:History of the Aromanians
2252:Bulgaria–Serbia relations
2197:Bulgaria–Greece relations
2157:Peace treaties of Romania
2102:20th century in Bucharest
2071:
1912:Konstantinos Sapountzakis
1715:
1591:
1418:
1351:Greco-Turkish War of 1897
658:), including the town of
411:(sitting in the center);
317:and amended the previous
291:Συνθήκη του Βουκουρεστίου
290:
282:
274:
137:
18:Treaty of Bucharest, 1913
2227:Greece–Romania relations
2222:Peace treaties of Greece
2217:Peace treaties of Serbia
1686:Treaty of Constantinople
1578:1913 Ottoman coup d'état
972:Richard C. Hall (2014).
485:Treaty of Constantinople
327:Treaty of Constantinople
267:Tratatul de la București
2202:Greece–Serbia relations
1756:Balkans campaign of WWI
1405:Albanian revolt of 1912
1255:Encyclopædia Britannica
846:Principality of Albania
644:Ferdinand I of Bulgaria
636:Constantine I of Greece
2030:Crown Prince Alexander
2008:Crown Prince Ferdinand
1971:Kölemen Abdullah Pasha
1799:Massacres of Civilians
1789:Massacres of Albanians
1742:Sarajevo Assassination
1671:Greek–Serbian Alliance
1664:Diplomacy and politics
1561:Diplomacy and politics
1385:Bulgarian Independence
690:
647:
452:
266:
2056:Other Balkan states:
1897:Eleftherios Venizelos
1573:Albanian Independence
1375:Young Turk Revolution
1123:Hershey, Amos Shartle
1119:Anderson, Frank Maloy
688:
622:
425:Alexandru Marghiloman
401:Eleftherios Venizelos
398:
1907:Pavlos Kountouriotis
872:was captured by the
733:) on the Black Sea.
560:to the mouth of the
526:Sanjak of Novi-Pazar
445:Miroslav Spalajković
437:Constantin Cristescu
361:improve this article
65:improve this article
1934:Crown Prince Danilo
1784:Carnegie Commission
1681:Treaty of Bucharest
1370:Macedonian Struggle
1346:Serbo-Bulgarian War
1085:World War I Almanac
976:, ABC-CLIO. p. 241
856:on the side of the
791:Northeastern Aegean
709:, south of Ekrene (
656:Bulgarian Macedonia
417:Constantin Dissescu
259:Treaty of Bucharest
134:
133:Treaty of Bucharest
2237:August 1913 events
2013:Alexandru Averescu
1981:Hasan Tahsin Pasha
1902:Panagiotis Danglis
1809:Places burned down
1335:Congress of Berlin
691:
648:
628:Carol I of Romania
495:Gains in territory
453:
429:Danilo Kalafatović
321:, which ended the
2187:Second Balkan War
2084:
2083:
1991:Ahmed Izzet Pasha
1870:Stiliyan Kovachev
1595:Second Balkan War
1568:London Conference
1400:Italo-Turkish War
1390:31 March Incident
1223:Jelavich, Barbara
850:significant power
835:Megleno-Romanians
811:Second Balkan War
632:Peter I of Serbia
433:Constantin Coandă
393:
392:
385:
315:Second Balkan War
283:Букурещки договор
275:Букурештански мир
255:
254:
130:
129:
115:
16:(Redirected from
2274:
2122:1913 in Bulgaria
2050:Božidar Janković
2045:Stepa Stepanović
1917:Viktor Dousmanis
1766:Macedonian front
1761:Serbian campaign
1691:Treaty of Athens
1640:Southern Dobruja
1583:Treaty of London
1422:First Balkan War
1287:
1280:
1273:
1264:
1259:
1251:
1249:"Bulgaria"
1242:
1218:
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1185:
1183:
1163:
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1088:
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963:
961:
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945:
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936:
923:
920:
914:
913:
903:
897:
894:
819:Southern Dobruja
715:Southern Dobruja
695:Southern Dobruja
640:Southern Dobruja
489:Treaty of Athens
421:Nikolaos Politis
388:
381:
377:
374:
368:
345:
337:
323:First Balkan War
319:Treaty of London
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2271:
2132:1913 in Romania
2087:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2067:
1865:Radko Dimitriev
1855:Vasil Kutinchev
1813:
1772:
1720:
1711:
1695:
1659:
1610:Kilkis–Lachanas
1598:
1587:
1556:
1425:
1414:
1341:Eastern Rumelia
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1291:
1245:
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1221:
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1197:
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1192:Further reading
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1168:Miller, William
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1152:10.2307/2212403
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854:First World War
807:
783:Northern Epirus
747:
739:
683:
652:Pirin Macedonia
617:
607:. In addition,
578:Austria-Hungary
554:
546:North Macedonia
544:in present-day
502:
497:
413:Dimitar Tonchev
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2232:1913 in Serbia
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2174:
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2129:
2127:1913 in Greece
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2035:Radomir Putnik
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1875:Georgi Todorov
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1612:
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1586:
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1580:
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1564:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1552:Second Çatalca
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
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1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
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1469:
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1459:
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1444:
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1426:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1380:Bosnian Crisis
1377:
1372:
1367:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1339:Annexation of
1337:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1290:
1289:
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1275:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1243:
1237:
1219:
1213:
1199:Ćirković, Sima
1193:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1164:
1135:
1115:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1076:
1062:
1049:
1036:
1023:
1007:
994:
978:
965:
940:
924:
915:
898:
883:
881:
878:
874:Central Powers
829:(that is, the
809:Following the
806:
803:
746:
743:
738:
735:
682:
679:
664:Western Thrace
616:
613:
601:Alexandroupoli
574:Russian Empire
553:
550:
501:
498:
496:
493:
487:) and Greece (
465:Eastern Thrace
463:advanced into
405:Titu Maiorescu
391:
390:
349:
347:
340:
334:
331:
253:
252:
251:
250:
235:
220:
205:
190:
173:
169:
168:
159:
155:
154:
153:10 August 1913
151:
147:
146:
143:
128:
127:
63:. Please help
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2279:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
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2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
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2200:
2198:
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2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2077:
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2073:
2070:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2040:Petar Bojović
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
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1999:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1987:
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1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1939:Janko Vukotić
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1922:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
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1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1892:Constantine I
1890:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1860:Nikola Ivanov
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
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1823:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1662:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
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1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1605:
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1597:
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1590:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
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1559:
1553:
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1548:
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1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1502:First Çatalca
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1447:Pente Pigadia
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1417:
1411:
1410:Balkan League
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1288:
1283:
1281:
1276:
1274:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1257:
1256:
1250:
1244:
1240:
1238:9780521274593
1234:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1214:9781405142915
1210:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1104:
1103:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1086:
1080:
1077:
1072:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1053:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1037:
1034:, pp. 406–407
1033:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1004:
998:
995:
991:
985:
983:
979:
975:
969:
966:
953:
952:
944:
941:
935:
933:
931:
929:
925:
919:
916:
911:
910:
902:
899:
893:
891:
889:
885:
879:
877:
875:
871:
870:chief seaport
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
842:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
804:
802:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
763:
761:
757:
753:
744:
742:
736:
734:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
687:
680:
678:
676:
672:
667:
665:
661:
657:
653:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
614:
612:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
581:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
551:
549:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
499:
494:
492:
490:
486:
480:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
450:
449:Janko Vukotić
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
397:
387:
384:
376:
366:
362:
356:
355:
350:This section
348:
344:
339:
338:
332:
330:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
288:
280:
272:
268:
264:
260:
248:
236:
233:
221:
218:
206:
203:
191:
188:
176:
175:
174:
170:
167:
163:
160:
156:
152:
148:
141:
136:
124:
113:
110:
106:
103:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82: –
81:
77:
76:Find sources:
70:
66:
62:
56:
55:
54:single source
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
2062:Ismail Kemal
1845:Mihail Savov
1840:Stoyan Danev
1818:Participants
1717:
1680:
1635:Kresna Gorge
1593:
1462:Kirk Kilisse
1420:
1356:Cretan State
1253:
1227:
1203:
1182:19 September
1180:. Retrieved
1175:
1143:
1139:
1130:
1109:26 September
1107:. Retrieved
1101:
1084:
1079:
1065:
1057:
1052:
1044:
1039:
1031:
1026:
1018:
1002:
997:
989:
973:
968:
956:. Retrieved
950:
943:
918:
908:
901:
866:Transylvania
843:
808:
769:and most of
767:Thessaloniki
764:
748:
740:
730:
710:
702:
692:
668:
649:
593:Thessaloniki
591:, including
582:
565:
555:
520:, Monastir,
503:
481:
454:
441:Take Ionescu
409:Nikola Pašić
379:
370:
359:Please help
354:verification
351:
258:
256:
118:
108:
101:
94:
87:
75:
51:
1956:Nazim Pasha
1850:Ivan Fichev
1835:Ivan Geshov
1830:Ferdinand I
1746:World War I
1472:Lule Burgas
1437:Sarantaporo
1294:Balkan Wars
958:21 December
795:World War I
630:holds King
467:and retook
373:August 2020
121:August 2011
2091:Categories
1966:Esad Pasha
1961:Zeki Pasha
1929:Nicholas I
1924:Montenegro
1777:Atrocities
1620:Bregalnica
1482:Adrianople
1395:Goudi coup
1301:Background
880:References
831:Aromanians
787:Dodecanese
745:Perception
737:Montenegro
642:from Tsar
570:Aegean Sea
568:), on the
469:Adrianople
333:Background
307:Montenegro
247:Montenegro
91:newspapers
1986:Enver Bey
1725:Aftermath
1630:Kalimanci
1625:Knjaževac
1442:Kardzhali
1318:Bulgarian
1204:The Serbs
1087:, p. 151
992:, p. 229
771:Macedonia
760:Dedeagach
707:Black Sea
703:Turtucaia
634:and King
589:Macedonia
477:Bucharest
457:Macedonia
279:Bulgarian
162:Bucharest
61:talk page
2076:Category
1951:Mehmed V
1887:George I
1825:Bulgaria
1512:Merhamli
1507:Kaliakra
1497:Monastir
1457:Kumanovo
1452:Sorovich
1313:Albanian
1225:(1983).
1201:(2004).
1170:(1923).
1125:(1918).
1021:, p. 64
1005:, p. 16
862:invasion
823:Bulgaria
719:Silistra
699:Tutrakan
660:Strumica
615:Bulgaria
558:Belasica
514:Strumica
508:and the
461:Ottomans
295:Bulgaria
263:Romanian
187:Bulgaria
158:Location
2058:Albania
2025:Peter I
2003:Carol I
1998:Romania
1718:General
1603:Battles
1527:Korytsa
1517:Driskos
1477:Yenidje
1467:Scutari
1430:Battles
1328:Serbian
1160:2212403
1094:Sources
1047:, p. 17
839:Balkans
815:Romania
727:Balchik
681:Romania
605:Florina
518:Ochrida
299:Romania
271:Serbian
202:Romania
172:Parties
166:Romania
105:scholar
2020:Serbia
1882:Greece
1615:Doiran
1547:Bizani
1542:Şarköy
1537:Bulair
1532:Lemnos
1492:Himara
1487:Prilep
1363:&
1235:
1211:
1158:
858:Allies
827:Vlachs
799:Greeks
775:Kavala
756:Bitola
731:Balcic
723:Danube
711:Ecrene
675:Shumen
671:Rousse
597:Kavala
585:Epirus
566:Nestos
552:Greece
542:Bitola
538:Kočani
522:Kosovo
510:Struma
506:Vardar
500:Serbia
447:; and
311:Greece
303:Serbia
244:
232:Greece
229:
217:Serbia
214:
199:
184:
150:Signed
107:
100:
93:
86:
78:
1700:Other
1655:Pirot
1650:Vidin
1323:Greek
1156:JSTOR
821:from
779:Italy
752:Ohrid
624:Punch
609:Crete
562:Mesta
530:Ohrid
473:Sofia
287:Greek
112:JSTOR
98:books
1744:and
1522:Elli
1361:IMRO
1233:ISBN
1209:ISBN
1184:2018
1144:VIII
1111:2018
960:2019
833:and
754:and
725:and
654:(or
587:and
576:and
540:and
534:Štip
309:and
257:The
84:news
1148:doi
864:of
713:);
673:or
491:).
363:by
67:by
2093::
1252:.
1174:.
1154:.
1142:.
1129:.
1121:;
1010:^
981:^
927:^
887:^
876:.
801:.
662:,
536:,
532:,
479:.
443:;
439:;
435:;
431:;
427:;
423:;
419:;
415:;
407:;
403:;
305:,
301:,
297:,
289::
285:;
281::
277:;
273::
269:;
265::
164:,
2064:)
2060:(
1286:e
1279:t
1272:v
1241:.
1217:.
1162:.
1150::
962:.
729:(
701:(
646:.
564:(
451:.
386:)
380:(
375:)
371:(
357:.
261:(
123:)
119:(
109:·
102:·
95:·
88:·
71:.
57:.
34:.
20:)
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