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artifacts and locations are as follows: Historic landmarks, historic monuments, objects of antiquity, objects of scientific value and historical value. The
Secretary of Agriculture has jurisdiction over artifacts and monuments found within the outer limits of forest reserves. The secretary of War for any land that resides in or near a military reserve. The lands that are controlled by the US Government will be supervised by the respective Secretary. Permits will not be granted to those trying to move or take any monument or artifact that can be preserved in its original place and remain an ancient monument. A permit will not be granted to someone "whose eyes are bigger than their stomach." In other words, those trying to explore a vast amount of area with little help and the job seems to not be done within the time limit designated by the certain someone, that permit will not be granted. Each permit will be granted by the respective Secretaries that have jurisdiction over those certain sites. Also including to the permit just stated above you also need these following requirements: The name of the Institution making the request, how much time it will take, the date, the person in charge of the project, what type of project it is going to be, excavating, gathering or examining, and the museum where the artifact will be shown and preserved. Each permit will only be granted for 3 years or less. An extension can be granted if progress is shown. Permits will not be in effect if work does not begin within six months of getting the permit.
528:, which asserts the federal government's ownership of abandoned United States water shipwrecks, was put into place in 1988. Any shipwreck that is embedded in submerged lands and/or in coralline formations protected by a State on submerged lands of a state is property of the government. The Abandoned Shipwrecks Act then transfers ownership to the appropriate State government. The Supreme Court upheld the Abandoned Shipwrecks Act constitutionality in 1998. In the US, the finder of a ship not abandoned could seek a salvage award. The countries England, Wales, and Northern Ireland claim gold and silver finds that are more than three hundred years old for the crown by way of the Treasure Act of 1996. Any found treasure in these nations must be reported within fourteen days of uncovering.
167:
508:") and magnetometers are used for detection of treasure. Hand tools, probes, screens, containers, shovels, metal detectors, and sifters are useful for land treasure hunting (Smith, 1971). The Evinrude Aquanaut is a portable floating diving unit that feeds air directly to the divers without need of tanks on the divers. In diving, masks allow for improved vision, fins increase swimming speeds, safety vests provide lifesaving assistance, diver's flags alert others of a diver's location, wetsuits conserve body heat and also provide skin protection, weight belts offset buoyancy of rubber suits, knives prove useful as a tool, tanks supply air, and
460:, who also had the courage to remember his dreams … It is right to dream, and it would be the worst kind of mistake on the part of the state to discourage the big dreams of men like Mr. Spence, and to let a project requiring that sort of enterprise fall into the hands of what Mr. Spence's friend terms ‘some bloody historical society’ which might lay the dead hand of unimaginative and stereotyped thinking on Mr. Spence's courage and ability.” In 1972, Spence and Throckmorton, along with three other men, were awarded the degree of Doctor of Marine Histories by the
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cultural heritage should always be considered first, and that the sale of recovered artifacts breaks up the assemblage of cultural heritage material, resulting in a loss of opportunity to study the whole picture. The counter argument is that professional salvors have the resources to fund archaeological research of sites that would otherwise be unrecorded, and be subject to destruction by looting or natural forces.
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and marketing directors, making public statements about their good intentions. Even where good quality archaeological research is carried out by archaeologists working with treasure hunters, concerns remain that treasure hunting, by definition, ignores the principle that in-situ preservation of
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In 1906, the
Secretaries of the Interior of Agriculture and War made an act for the preservation of American Antiquities (ancient artifacts). This act says that each of the Interior would have their own specific authority over different artifacts or locations based on their department. These
182:
wrote about the historic value of the
Egyptian monuments, and praised the contemporary governments for trying to preserve them. He also discussed the profession of treasure hunting, noting that poorer treasure hunters were often sponsored by rich businessmen to go on
277:, near Beaufort Inlet, NC. On November 21, 1996 Intersal, Inc., while working under permit from the state of North Carolina, discovered the wrecksite. Intersal then handed over the wreck to the state of North Carolina in exchange for media and replica rights.
452:, addressing the question of whether treasure hunting and archaeology are in conflict, stated: “The foregoing discussion may seem like an attack on Mr. Spence. I do not mean this to be so. A whole new branch of archaeology, that of
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Since the late 1990s, reacting against increasingly energetic efforts by the international community to stop the destruction of the world submerged cultural heritage, treasure hunting companies started hiring
563:, the largest scholarly group concerned with the archaeology of the modern world (A.D. 1400–present), roundly criticised the network for promoting the theft of cultural materials on public and private land.
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More recently, most serious treasure hunters have started working underwater, where modern technology allows access to wrecks containing valuables, which were previously inaccessible. Starting with the
1519:. "The World's Worst Investment: The Economics of Treasure Hunting with Real Life Comparisons," Underwater Archaeology Proceedings, Toni Carrell, ed., Society for Historical Archaeology, 1990, 6–10.
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The United States awards ownership to the landowner. If finds occur on federal land it can be considered a federal offense. Most of the United States prosecutes the unearthing of burial grounds.
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The practice of treasure-hunting can be controversial, as locations such as sunken wrecks or cultural sites may be protected by national or international law concerned with property ownership,
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were found in 1975, and in 1980, a wooden hull weighted down by ballast stones, iron cannonballs and artifacts of 17th-century Spain were found, confirming the location of the wreck.
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Mel Fisher
Maritime Heritage Society and Museum in Key West, Florida. (n.d.). Nuestra Señora de Atocha, Santa Margarita Spanish Galleons of 1622. Retrieved March 28, 2017, from
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Malkiel, Y. (2013). An evolutionary look at the law, technology, and economics of sunken treasure. Journal of
Maritime Law and Commerce, 44(2), 195–217.
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while carrying a cargo of 2,000 silver ingots, 720 gold ingots, and several jewels of unknown value. In 1952, a
British crew recovered almost 1 million
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Bass, George F. "After the Diving is Over," Underwater
Archaeology Proceedings, Toni Carrell, ed., Society for Historical Archaeology, 1990, 10–13.
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also included a similar motive. Modern amateur treasure hunters use relatively inexpensive metal detectors to locate finds at terrestrial sites.
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344:("the bends") allowing them to make deeper dives. Over seven seasons, all but 25 gold bars were recovered by Damant and his crew. In 2002, the
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United States Senate. Public Law 100-298 , Abandoned
Shipwreck Act of 1987, April 28, 1988 (Courtesy of Calvin R. Cummings).
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Rubberised suits, weighted belts and shoes, and helmets are used for deep-sea diving. Diving bells, open helmets,
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480:, each new generation of technology has made more wrecks accessible. Many of these wrecks have resulted in the
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on July 16, 1972, becoming first people in the world to be awarded a doctorate for work in marine archaeology.
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and retrieve artifacts with market value. This industry is generally fueled by the market for antiquities.
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Lords Of
Fortune LLC is engaged in the recovery of The Tsar's Treasure from the famous treasure shipwreck
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Letter to E. Lee Spence from
Kenneth Friedman, Executive Secretary, Sea Research Society, published in
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Elia, Ricardo. "Nautical Shenanigans ," Archaeology, Vol. 48, No. 1, January–February, 1995, 79–84.
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founder of 1715 Fleet - Queens Jewels, LLC owners of the identified remains of the 1715 Plate Fleet.
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367:. The very same year, Scotsman David Booth found four gold torques from the first century B.C. in
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Rieseberg, H. (1970). Fell's Complete Guide to Buried Treasure: Land and Sea. New York: F. Fell.
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1219:"Has Reality TV Gone Too Far? Spike TV's American Diggers Angers the Archaeological Community"
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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Intersal, Inc., while working under permit from the state of North Carolina, discovered the
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which carried 10 tons of gold coins on board. The ship foundered in 1694 off the coast of
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N.C Supreme Court revives lawsuit over Blackbeard’s ship and lost Spanish treasure ship
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issued a charter for the protection of the underwater cultural heritage in 2001: the
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1197:"Protection | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization"
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Treasures of the Confederate Coast: the "Real Rhett Butler" & Other Revelations
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Haldane, Cheryl. "The Abandoned Shipwreck Act," INA Newsletter, Vol. 15, No. 2, 9.
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Bass, George F. "The Men Who Stole the Stars," INA Newsletter, Vol. 15, No. 2, 11.
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of many fascinating artifacts from Spanish treasure fleets as well as many others.
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Horner, D. (1965). Shipwrecks, Skin Divers, and Sunken Gold. New York: Dodd, Mead.
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Treasure hunter that found Blackbeard's pirate ship sues state for $ 8.2 million
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Draper, Robert. "Indian Takers," Texas Monthly, March, 1993, 104–107, 121–124.
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Egyptology: The Missing Millennium – Ancient Egypt in Medieval Arabic Writings
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today is accomplished using Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus ("
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McKee's Museum of Sunken Treasure, Treasure Harbor, Plantation Key, Florida
941:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 30–31.
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Helm, T. (1960). Treasure Hunting Around the World. New York: Dodd, Mead.
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NC court rules in favor of company that discovered Blackbeard's flagship
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UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage
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surfaced more than forty million dollars in gold from the sunken ship.
1391:"Stolen treasure? Blackbeard's ship case returns to court over photos"
1317:"MEL FISHER DAYS RECALLS MILLION DOLLAR SHIPWRECK & TREASURE HUNT"
202:
salvaged a sunken Spanish treasure ship which had been wrecked on the
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1992:
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768:, received 1st salvage license issued in South Carolina, for work on
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and his crew spent sixteen years searching for the shipwreck of the
348:
entered into an arrangement with the British government in finding
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Treasure hunting is condemned by a growing number of nations, and
505:
391:
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165:
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units to find hidden caches of toys or trinkets, or various other
102:
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788:
420:
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1965:
1592:
646:(author and discoverer of the Pirate Ship of Joseph Bannsister
559:, also created an outcry. Professional archaeologists from the
187:
expeditions. In some cases, an expedition could turn out to be
206:
in 1599. The total worth of the treasures salvaged came in at
151:
40:
1295:"See how Treasure Coast lives up to its name at area museums"
3248:
1588:
1572:
Shipwrecks and Treasure: the Spanish Treasure Fleet of 1750
777:
Treasure Salvors, Inc., founded by Mel Fisher, located the
1417:
1364:
1272:"Diving Deep for RMS Republic's Treasure Is Riveting Tale"
1020:
1961:
754:
located and salvaged treasure from 1865 shipwreck of the
718:
located and salvaged treasure from 1857 shipwreck of the
551:
set off a firestorm of controversy with its reality show
1143:"Why scouring sea for sunken treasures is big business"
695:
Phillip Masters, founder of Intersal, Inc., discovered
30:"Treasure hunters" redirects here. For other uses, see
325:
and sunk with a gold cargo worth five million pounds.
1340:"Philip Masters, True Amateur of History, Dies at 70"
359:. In 2009, Englishman Terry Herbert found a hoard of
298:
worth of the £5.3 million cargo, which was hidden in
1114:"Salvage Versus Archaeology" by Peter Throckmorton,
600:(discoverer of the Pirate Ship of Joseph Bannsister
235:. Three silver bars were found in 1973, five bronze
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Lawmakers enter legal battle over Blackbeard's ship
1566:
Philip Masters, True Amateur of History, Dies at 70
1008:
Shipwreck of S.S. Central America Yields More Gold.
407:included a significant aspect of treasure hunting;
132:. For example, treasure hunters try to find sunken
1046:"The Discovery and Identification of Site 31CR314"
1551:Treasure hunter in race to uncover ship of riches
1103:Finders Keepers? Not Always in Treasure Hunting.
363:gold and silver metalwork, which was termed the
1245:"National Geographic's Diggers: is it better?"
1977:
1604:
8:
4022:Jim Hawkins and the Curse of Treasure Island
1557:Piracy worries in pirate pursuit Blackbeard
1485:. New York: Random House. pp. 304 pp.
1071:
1069:
1067:
437:, in a paper he wrote in 1969 as part of a
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1962:
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3653:Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law
1097:
1095:
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1083:
1081:
658:(searched the new world for gold and the
340:, discovered the cause and prevention of
332:was appointed to salvage the ship by the
253:off the Carolina coast in 1857. In 1987,
91:Learn how and when to remove this message
4280:List of ships attacked by Somali pirates
1118:, 1969, Volume 4, Part 1, Part 2, p. 133
54:This article includes a list of general
1513:(Narwhal Press, Charleston/Miami, 1995)
1166:"Odyssey and the Lost Spanish Treasure"
907:
403:The early stages of the development of
224:in 1622, foundering during the voyage.
981:
979:
977:
764:Shipwrecks, Inc. chartered in 1967 by
419:, both turned up significant finds of
3439:Capture of John "Calico Jack" Rackham
1006:Zabludovsky, K. (2016, February 27).
761:, using research by Dr. E. Lee Spence
725:, using research by Dr. E. Lee Spence
7:
4181:International Talk Like a Pirate Day
1944:
1458:Castro, Filipe. "Treasure Hunting",
1389:Waggoner, Martha (4 November 2019).
150:– a sport in which participants use
634:(discoverer of the "Nanking Cargo")
612:(discoverer of the Spanish galleon
581:discoverer of the White Star Liner
146:Treasure hunting can also refer to
1338:Martin, Douglas (23 August 2007).
1270:Hamacek, Heather (17 March 2016).
1249:Society for Historical Archaeology
1141:Macguire, Eoghan (14 March 2012).
710:Notable treasure hunting companies
640:(underwater archaeologist, author)
561:Society for Historical Archaeology
257:discovered the ship's location. A
60:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
4071:Silver: Return to Treasure Island
1217:Greenberg, Ariel (2 March 2012).
996:http://www.melfisher.org/1622.htm
36:Treasure hunters (disambiguation)
4367:
4366:
4354:
4207:A General History of the Pyrates
4029:Castaways of the Flying Dutchman
3550:Operation Enduring Freedom – HOA
1943:
1932:
1931:
1662:
1319:. Keys Weekly. 13 September 2022
1116:The Historical Archaeology Forum
915:
716:Columbus-America Discovery Group
45:
1293:Begley, Janet (18 March 2017).
1164:Berfield, Susan (7 June 2012).
1131:1972, Spence, Volume VI, p. 159
3565:Operation Dawn 8: Gulf of Aden
3560:Operation Dawn of Gulf of Aden
3313:Anti-piracy in the West Indies
1501:Loot, Legitimacy and Ownership
871:On the Trail of the Golden Owl
555:. Spike TV's similar program,
114:raising treasure found from a
32:Treasure hunt (disambiguation)
1:
3421:Blockade of Charleston (Vane)
1101:Newman, C. (2017, March 24).
783:wreck and its mother lode of
433:and sometime treasure hunter
264:In June of 1718 the infamous
3994:The Pilot: A Tale of the Sea
3244:Pirate battles and incidents
1912:Treasure Valuation Committee
1455:(Dodd, Mead; New York; 1988)
1129:Sea Research Society Papers,
439:Historical Archaeology Forum
302:to avoid being taxed by the
27:Physical search for treasure
3393:Battle of the Tiger's Mouth
2876:Rahmah ibn Jabir al-Jalhami
549:National Geographic Channel
271:grounded his flagship, the
128:is the physical search for
4409:
4270:Pirate films and TV series
3710:African Slave Trade Patrol
3278:Action of 11 November 2008
2067:Barbary pirates (corsairs)
1503:. London: Duckworth, 2000.
1416:Mathewson III, R. Duncan.
891:The Secret (treasure hunt)
752:Odyssey Marine Exploration
570:
524:The United States federal
346:Odyssey Marine Exploration
249:sank after running into a
29:
4348:
3759:Trans-Saharan slave trade
3358:Battle off Minicoy Island
3333:Battle of Cape Fear River
3303:Anti-piracy in the Aegean
3273:Action of 28 October 2007
3268:Action of 9 November 1822
1927:
1723:
1660:
1649:List of missing treasures
836:List of missing treasures
423:artifacts. Early work in
321:in 1917, collided with a
227:American treasure hunter
174:In the 12th century text
3754:Indian Ocean slave trade
3643:International piracy law
3580:Pirate attacks in Borneo
3452:Capture of the schooner
3444:Capture of the schooner
3378:Battle of Ocracoke Inlet
3104:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés
1892:List of treasure hunters
1654:Treasure from shipwrecks
1472:, The Bamboo Chest; 2004
1418:"Treasure Of The Atocha"
1105:Retrieved March 28, 2017
1010:Retrieved March 28, 2017
952:El Daly, Okasha (2004).
861:Nuestra Señora de Atocha
780:Nuestra Señora de Atocha
670:underwater archaeologist
615:Nuestra Señora de Atocha
573:List of treasure hunters
567:Notable treasure hunters
526:Abandoned Shipwrecks Act
494:atmospheric diving suits
472:, and moving on through
456:studies, was founded by
431:Underwater archaeologist
233:Nuestra Señora de Atocha
213:Nuestra Señora de Atocha
180:Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi
4213:Captain Charles Johnson
3637:1717–1718 Acts of Grace
3348:Battle of Mandab Strait
3328:Battle of Boca Teacapan
3323:Balanguingui Expedition
3288:Action of 23 March 2010
1579:, Fayetteville Observer
1547:, Carolina Coast Online
1541:, Fayetteville Observer
1479:Kurson, Robert (2015).
938:Encyclopædia Britannica
741:, on November 21, 1996.
75:more precise citations.
3570:Operation Ocean Shield
3398:Battle of Tonkin River
3343:Battle of Doro Passage
3298:Action of 5 April 2010
3293:Action of 1 April 2010
3283:Action of 9 April 2009
3263:1985 Lahad Datu ambush
3253:
3089:Jose Campuzano-Polanco
3074:Duarte Pacheco Pereira
2221:British Virgin Islands
1274:. The Vineyard Gazette
462:College of Marine Arts
400:
342:decompression sickness
171:
156:treasure-hunting games
122:
4186:Pirates versus Ninjas
3613:Slave raid of Suðuroy
3575:Persian Gulf Campaign
3460:Capture of the sloop
3388:Battle of the Leotung
3373:Battle of New Orleans
3252:
3114:Richard Avery Hornsby
2866:Piet Pieterszoon Hein
2826:Moses Cohen Henriques
2796:Manuel Ribeiro Pardal
2541:Christina Anna Skytte
2079:Brethren of the Coast
2062:Baltic Slavic pirates
2009:Ancient Mediterranean
1050:The Shipwreck Project
395:
169:
106:
4108:skull and crossbones
4064:Mistress of the Seas
3746:Capture of the brig
3723:Atlantic slave trade
3484:Falklands Expedition
3338:Battle of Cape Lopez
3258:1582 Cagayan battles
3185:Queen Anne's Revenge
2736:José Joaquim Almeida
2721:John Newland Maffitt
2641:Hayreddin Barbarossa
2481:Bartolomeu Português
2471:Artemisia I of Caria
2466:Alexandre Exquemelin
2304:Baltic Slavic piracy
2057:Anglo-Turkish piracy
1225:. Center for Art Law
896:Treasure hunt (game)
876:Queen Anne's Revenge
738:Queen Anne's Revenge
702:Queen Anne's Revenge
672:, discoverer of the
498:Deep-sea exploration
327:Lieutenant Commander
274:Queen Anne's Revenge
4125:No purchase, no pay
4093:Davy Jones's locker
4036:The Angel's Command
3880:Guybrush Threepwood
3728:Barbary slave trade
3705:African slave trade
3502:Jiajing wokou raids
3403:Battle of Ty-ho Bay
2626:François l'Olonnais
2486:Bartholomew Roberts
2374:Republic of Pirates
1834:Republic of Ireland
1691:Classical antiquity
1545:Two firms seek ship
1517:Throckmorton, Peter
1451:Burgess, Robert E.
458:Heinrich Schliemann
409:Heinrich Schliemann
398:Heinrich Schliemann
365:Staffordshire Hoard
336:. Damant, aided by
313:, on a voyage from
4285:Timeline of piracy
4242:Piracy kidnappings
3895:Jacquotte Delahaye
3850:Charlotte de Berry
3840:Captain Sabertooth
3733:Blockade of Africa
3688:Piracy Law of 1820
3618:Turkish Abductions
3555:Operation Atalanta
3489:Great Lakes Patrol
3368:Battle of Nam Quan
3318:Attack on Veracruz
3254:
2836:Nicholas van Hoorn
2821:Michel de Grammont
2686:Jacquotte Delahaye
2671:Hippolyte Bouchard
2591:Elise Eskilsdotter
2531:Charlotte de Berry
2496:Benjamin Hornigold
1052:. Carleton College
841:List of lost mines
806:Black Swan Project
656:Juan Ponce de León
435:Peter Throckmorton
411:'s excavations at
401:
304:British government
255:Thomas G. Thompson
172:
123:
4380:
4379:
4361:Piracy portal
4344:
4343:
4321:Fictional pirates
4220:Truce of Ratisbon
4194:
4193:
4155:Walking the plank
4015:On Stranger Tides
3955:Tony Tony Chopper
3845:Captain Stingaree
3782:Fictional pirates
3598:Sack of Baltimore
3593:Raid on Cartagena
3535:Moscow University
3414:Beluga Nomination
3383:Battle of Pianosa
3308:Antelope incident
3199:Marquis of Havana
3137:
3136:
2846:Olivier Levasseur
2786:Louis-Michel Aury
2751:Klaus Störtebeker
2701:Jeanne de Clisson
2621:François Le Clerc
2456:Anne Dieu-le-Veut
2402:
2401:
2319:South China Coast
2283:Strait of Malacca
1959:
1958:
1907:Treasure Act 1996
1880:
1879:
766:Dr. E. Lee Spence
735:'s flagship, the
699:'s flagship, the
660:Fountain of Youth
626:war correspondent
512:conserve energy.
334:British Admiralty
200:Sir William Phips
112:Sir William Phips
101:
100:
93:
16:(Redirected from
4400:
4393:Treasure hunting
4370:
4369:
4359:
4358:
4357:
4255:
4057:Pirate Latitudes
4050:Long John Silver
4043:Voyage of Slaves
3910:Long John Silver
3805:Captain Birdseye
3778:
3648:Letter of marque
3608:Salvador Pirates
3603:Sack of Campeche
3426:Chepo Expedition
3408:Battle of Tysami
3363:Battle off Mukah
3353:Battle of Manila
3192:Quedagh Merchant
3150:Adventure Galley
2996:Victual Brothers
2981:Thomas Cavendish
2946:Sayyida al Hurra
2931:Samuel Hall Lord
2911:Roche Braziliano
2896:Robert Culliford
2831:Nathaniel Gordon
2801:Martin Frobisher
2761:Laurens de Graaf
2731:Jørgen Jørgensen
2666:Henry Strangways
2646:Hendrick Lucifer
2596:Eustace the Monk
2461:António de Faria
2411:
2379:Republic of Salé
2349:Île Sainte-Marie
2204:
2181:Victual Brothers
2089:Cilician pirates
1986:
1979:
1972:
1963:
1947:
1946:
1935:
1934:
1902:Treasure hunting
1721:
1666:
1613:
1606:
1599:
1590:
1568:, New York Times
1499:Renfrew, Colin,
1496:
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1428:
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1365:"QAR Discovered"
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396:Treasure hunter
198:treasure hunter
176:Account of Egypt
126:Treasure hunting
110:treasure hunter
96:
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71:this article by
62:inline citations
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4306:Barbary pirates
4294:
4290:Women in piracy
4246:
4190:
4159:
4088:Buried treasure
4076:
4008:Facing the Flag
4001:Treasure Island
3974:
3920:Vaas Montenegro
3915:Monkey D. Luffy
3885:Hector Barbossa
3870:Elizabeth Swann
3835:Captain Pugwash
3772:
3770:
3763:
3740:Veloz Passagera
3738:Capture of the
3691:
3622:
3431:Capture of the
3239:
3171:Flying Dutchman
3133:
3099:Miguel Enríquez
3051:
3045:
3011:William Dampier
2966:Simon Mascarino
2961:Shirahama Kenki
2941:Samuel Pallache
2906:Roberto Cofresí
2816:Mary Wolverston
2791:Mansel Alcantra
2766:Lawrence Prince
2446:Albert W. Hicks
2398:
2336:
2328:
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2249:
2195:
2191:Women in piracy
2156:Sindhi corsairs
2109:French corsairs
2099:Cossack pirates
2052:Albanian piracy
2045:Types of pirate
2040:
1995:
1990:
1960:
1955:
1923:
1876:
1847:Channel Islands
1821:
1710:
1701:Medieval Europe
1667:
1658:
1639:Buried treasure
1627:Types and terms
1622:
1617:
1585:, Citizen Times
1529:
1493:
1478:
1453:Sunken Treasure
1442:
1440:Further reading
1437:
1436:
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1422:atochastory.com
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1251:. February 2013
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931:, ed. (1911). "
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795:, in July 1985.
722:Central America
712:
598:John Chatterton
575:
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450:blockade runner
443:E. Lee Spence's
415:, and later at
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4311:By nationality
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571:Main article:
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386:archaeologists
380:
377:
163:
160:
141:marine salvage
99:
98:
53:
51:
44:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4405:
4394:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4373:
4365:
4363:
4362:
4351:
4350:
4347:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4303:
4301:
4297:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4256:
4253:
4249:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4229:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4214:
4211:
4210:
4209:
4208:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4199:Miscellaneous
4197:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4168:
4166:
4164:Miscellaneous
4162:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4145:Pirate utopia
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4109:
4106:
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4101:
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4037:
4033:
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4030:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4019:
4017:
4016:
4012:
4010:
4009:
4005:
4003:
4002:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3977:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
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3928:
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3908:
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3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3865:Elaine Marley
3863:
3861:
3860:Edward Kenway
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3820:Captain Flint
3818:
3816:
3815:Captain Crook
3813:
3811:
3810:Captain Blood
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3783:
3779:
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3663:
3659:
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3649:
3646:
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3641:
3638:
3634:
3633:Acts of grace
3631:
3629:
3625:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
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3540:
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3536:
3531:
3529:
3527:
3526:Orkim Harmony
3522:
3520:
3518:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3469:Carré d'As IV
3466:
3464:
3463:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3450:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3434:
3433:Ambrose Light
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
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3384:
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3376:
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3359:
3356:
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3349:
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3344:
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3336:
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3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
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3311:
3309:
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3301:
3299:
3296:
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3261:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3246:
3242:
3236:
3235:
3231:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3213:Royal Fortune
3210:
3208:
3207:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3182:
3180:
3179:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3161:
3159:
3158:
3157:Ambrose Light
3154:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3130:
3129:Woodes Rogers
3127:
3125:
3124:Thomas Warren
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3084:Julius Caesar
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3064:Chaloner Ogle
3062:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3048:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3036:Zheng Zhilong
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
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2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
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2979:
2977:
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2972:
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2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
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2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2921:Sadie Farrell
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2871:Princess Sela
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2851:Pedro Gilbert
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2771:Liang Daoming
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
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2742:
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2737:
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2709:
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2702:
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2659:
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2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2616:Francis Drake
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2571:Dominique You
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2526:Charles Gibbs
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
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2424:
2422:
2421:Abduwali Muse
2419:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2409:
2407:Major figures
2405:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
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2377:
2375:
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2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2344:Barataria Bay
2342:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2334:Pirate havens
2331:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2309:Barbary Coast
2307:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2295:
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2281:
2279:
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2264:
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2256:
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2239:
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2222:
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2214:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2202:
2198:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2161:Timber pirate
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2135:
2132:
2131:
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2125:
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2120:
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2112:
2110:
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2097:
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2025:
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2015:
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1987:
1982:
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1910:
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1887:
1885:Miscellaneous
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1852:Great Britain
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1826:British Isles
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1561:Baltimore Sun
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1507:E. Lee Spence
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1492:9781400063369
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1025:Intersal, Inc
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967:1-84472-063-2
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924:public domain
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839:
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829:
827:
826:Grave robbery
824:
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786:
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666:E. Lee Spence
664:
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649:Golden Fleece
645:
642:
639:
636:
633:
630:
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623:
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611:
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605:
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603:Golden Fleece
599:
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593:
592:Brent Brisben
590:
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576:
574:
566:
564:
562:
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522:
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487:
485:
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479:
476:and later to
475:
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455:
451:
448:
445:salvage of a
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343:
339:
335:
331:
330:G.C.C. Damant
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
311:
305:
301:
297:
293:
290:sank off the
289:
286:
285:East Indiaman
283:
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247:
240:
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234:
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215:
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210:205,536. The
209:
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204:Ambrosia Bank
201:
197:
196:Massachusetts
192:
190:
186:
185:archeological
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168:
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159:
157:
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149:
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137:
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108:Massachusetts
105:
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84:
74:
70:
64:
63:
57:
52:
43:
42:
37:
33:
19:
4352:
4225:Pirate Round
4205:
4176:Space pirate
4150:Treasure map
4069:
4062:
4055:
4048:
4041:
4034:
4027:
4020:
4013:
4006:
3999:
3992:
3985:
3940:Roronoa Zoro
3890:Jack Sparrow
3830:Captain Nemo
3825:Captain Hook
3747:
3739:
3715:
3585:
3542:
3534:
3525:
3516:
3507:
3494:
3477:Dai Hong Dan
3476:
3468:
3461:
3453:
3445:
3432:
3413:
3232:
3227:Whydah Gally
3225:
3218:
3211:
3204:
3197:
3190:
3183:
3178:Ganj-i-Sawai
3176:
3169:
3162:
3155:
3148:
3142:Pirate ships
3094:Luis Fajardo
3079:James Brooke
3069:David Porter
3041:Zheng Yi Sao
3016:William Kidd
2971:Stede Bonnet
2956:Shap-ng-tsai
2936:Samuel Mason
2856:Peter Easton
2806:Mary Lindsey
2756:Lai Choi San
2746:Joseph Barss
2741:Joseph Baker
2711:John Hawkins
2706:Johanna Hård
2696:Jean Lafitte
2691:Jan Janszoon
2681:Israel Hands
2661:Henry Morgan
2651:Henri Caesar
2566:Dirk Chivers
2501:Black Caesar
2426:Abshir Boyah
2297:Other waters
2278:Persian Gulf
2266:Somali Coast
2254:Indian Ocean
2226:Spanish Main
2141:River pirate
2119:Moro pirates
2094:Child pirate
2019:21st century
1948:
1936:
1901:
1897:Treasure map
1839:
1832:
1560:
1510:
1500:
1480:
1452:
1425:. Retrieved
1421:
1411:
1399:. Retrieved
1394:
1384:
1372:. Retrieved
1368:
1359:
1347:. Retrieved
1343:
1333:
1321:. Retrieved
1311:
1299:. Retrieved
1288:
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1265:
1253:. Retrieved
1248:
1239:
1227:. Retrieved
1222:
1212:
1201:. Retrieved
1199:. Unesco.org
1191:
1182:
1170:. Retrieved
1159:
1147:. Retrieved
1136:
1128:
1123:
1115:
1110:
1054:. Retrieved
1049:
1040:
1028:. Retrieved
1024:
1015:
1002:
990:
953:
947:
936:
910:
881:RMS Republic
831:Letterboxing
816:Treasure map
778:
771:
757:
746:RMS Republic
736:
721:
700:
688:
681:
674:
647:
644:John Mattera
632:Mike Hatcher
613:
601:
584:
556:
552:
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519:
491:
466:
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429:
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382:
351:
338:John Haldane
309:
280:In 1782 the
279:
272:
263:
245:
241:
232:
226:
211:
193:
175:
173:
145:
138:
125:
124:
87:
78:
59:
4140:Pirate code
4115:Keelhauling
4103:Jolly Roger
3965:Will Turner
3900:José Gaspar
3800:Barbe Rouge
3697:Slave trade
2951:Sister Ping
2881:Rachel Wall
2676:Huang Bamei
2656:Henry Every
2611:Fūma Kotarō
2606:Flying Gang
2521:Calico Jack
2511:Bully Hayes
2314:Falcon Lake
2288:Nosy Boraha
2146:Sea Beggars
2134:Confederate
2104:Filibusters
1716:By location
1349:19 November
1168:. Bloomberg
622:Cork Graham
496:were used.
470:diving suit
405:archaeology
361:Anglo-Saxon
292:Cape Colony
73:introducing
4299:Categories
4275:Privateers
4237:Matelotage
4171:Air pirate
4135:Pet parrot
3987:The Pirate
3935:Nico Robin
3855:Davy Jones
3795:Tom Ayrton
3769:Pirates in
3658:Piracy Act
3627:Piracy law
3543:North Star
3206:My Revenge
3059:Angelo Emo
3021:Zheng Jing
2986:Thomas Tew
2781:Lo Hon-cho
2601:Flora Burn
2581:Edward Low
2551:Dan Seavey
2546:Chui A-poo
2506:Blackbeard
2451:Anne Bonny
2389:Saint-Malo
2369:Port Royal
2354:Libertatia
2166:Ushkuyniks
2129:Privateers
2124:Narentines
2084:Buccaneers
2014:Golden Age
1856:Bronze Age
1728:Azerbaijan
1681:Bronze Age
1470:Graham, C.
1203:2012-09-11
933:Abdallatif
902:References
866:Oak Island
821:Geocaching
733:Blackbeard
697:Blackbeard
610:Mel Fisher
425:Egyptology
269:Blackbeard
229:Mel Fisher
220:bound for
189:fraudulent
148:geocaching
134:shipwrecks
56:references
4120:Marooning
3748:Brillante
3537:hijacking
3528:hijacking
3519:hijacking
3510:hijacking
2811:Mary Read
2716:John Hoar
2586:Eli Boggs
2556:Diabolito
2337:and bases
2273:Indonesia
2238:Venezuela
2216:Caribbean
1673:By period
958:Routledge
886:Shipwreck
772:Georgiana
689:Georgiana
668:(pioneer
628:, author)
535:Criticism
488:Equipment
454:Mycenaean
447:Civil War
357:Gibraltar
315:Liverpool
310:Laurentic
288:Grosvenor
251:hurricane
194:In 1643,
119:shipwreck
4387:Category
4372:Category
4098:Eyepatch
3970:Zanzibar
3945:Sandokan
3925:Mr. Smee
3790:Askeladd
3718:Incident
3588:incident
3497:incident
3479:incident
3471:incident
3416:incident
3031:Zheng Yi
3026:Zheng Qi
3006:Wang Zhi
2886:Redbeard
2776:Limahong
2726:John Pro
2631:Gan Ning
2516:Cai Qian
2324:Sulu Sea
2151:Sea Dogs
1938:Category
1861:Iron Age
1738:Bulgaria
1686:Iron Age
1620:Treasure
1553:, Google
1395:wpde.com
1323:19 March
1301:19 March
1297:. TCPalm
1278:19 March
800:See also
793:emeralds
758:Republic
705:in 1996.
588:in 1981.
585:Republic
516:Legality
510:snorkels
373:Scotland
369:Stirling
130:treasure
121:in 1687.
81:May 2009
4336:Pirates
4265:Pirates
3773:culture
3771:popular
3716:Amistad
3517:Zafirah
3220:Saladin
3052:hunters
2841:Ng Akew
2441:Alfhild
2414:Pirates
2394:Tortuga
2176:Vikings
2072:Algiers
2001:Periods
1950:Commons
1872:Ireland
1810:Vietnam
1800:Ukraine
1780:Romania
1760:Germany
1733:Belgium
1427:13 July
1374:13 July
1255:13 July
1172:13 July
1149:13 July
1056:28 July
1030:13 July
926::
692:. etc.)
553:Diggers
417:Mycenae
319:Halifax
296:pound's
237:cannons
162:History
116:Spanish
69:improve
4326:Piracy
4232:Mutiny
4130:Pegleg
4081:Tropes
3979:Novels
3875:Franky
3545:affair
3109:Pompey
3050:Pirate
2991:Veborg
2476:Awilda
2364:Mamora
2171:Uskoks
1993:Piracy
1795:Turkey
1785:Russia
1775:Poland
1755:France
1705:Viking
1535:, WRAL
1489:
1401:4 June
1397:. WPDE
1229:4 June
964:
920:
785:silver
730:pirate
675:Hunley
541:UNESCO
421:golden
379:Actors
352:Sussex
306:. The
300:Brazil
266:pirate
218:Havana
58:, but
4258:Lists
3960:Usopp
3950:Sanji
3586:Quest
3495:Irene
3454:Fancy
3446:Bravo
3164:Fancy
2976:Teuta
2916:Rusla
2359:Lundy
2200:Areas
2186:Wokou
1866:Roman
1815:coins
1790:Spain
1770:Italy
1765:India
1748:coins
1743:China
1634:Hoard
1145:. CNN
682:Ozama
506:Sonar
502:SCUBA
474:Scuba
222:Spain
216:left
4251:Meta
3930:Nami
3682:1850
3678:1837
3674:1721
3670:1717
3666:1698
3662:1536
3462:Anne
3234:York
2561:Dido
2034:2024
2029:2023
2024:2022
1487:ISBN
1429:2016
1403:2023
1376:2016
1351:2019
1325:2024
1303:2024
1280:2024
1257:2016
1231:2023
1174:2016
1151:2016
1058:2024
1032:2016
962:ISBN
791:and
789:gold
770:CSS
583:RMS
478:ROVs
413:Troy
350:HMS
323:mine
259:ROUV
242:The
34:and
3533:MV
3524:MT
3515:MT
935:".
756:SS
720:SS
687:SS
680:SS
441:on
317:to
308:SS
282:EIC
244:SS
152:GPS
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