224:
placement as a C-clef on the bottom line. Thus there are nine possible distinct clefs when limiting their placement to the lines. All have been used historically: the G-clef on the two bottom lines, the F-clef on the three top lines, and the C-clef on the four bottom lines. The C-clef on the topmost line has also been used, but is equivalent to the F-clef on the third line, giving a total of ten historically attested clefs placed on the lines. In addition, the C-clef has been used on the third
73:
1033:
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1166:
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806:
1041:
592:
1750:
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584:
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62:
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668:
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699:
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239:
963:
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54:
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2616:
1535:
1380:
1601:
402:
842:
615:
367:
339:
316:
1158:
1119:
1370:
The neutral clef is sometimes used where non-percussion instruments play non-pitched extended techniques, such as hitting the body of a string instrument, or having a vocal choir clap, stamp, or snap. However, it is more common to write the rhythms using × noteheads on the instrument's normal staff,
1059:
A C-clef on the second line of the staff is called the mezzo-soprano clef, rarely used in modern
Western classical music. It was used in 17th century French orchestral music for the second viola or first tenor part ('taille') by such composers as Lully, and for mezzo-soprano voices in operatic roles,
450:
clef, with the G-clef placed on the second line. This is the most common clef in use and is generally the first clef learned by music students. For this reason, the terms "G-clef" and "treble clef" are often seen as synonymous. The treble clef was historically used to mark a treble, or pre-pubescent,
1239:
Tenor banjo is commonly notated in treble clef. However, notation varies between the written pitch sounding an octave lower (as in guitar music and called octave pitch in most tenor banjo methods) and music sounding at the written pitch (called actual pitch). An attempt has been made to use a treble
1409:
in place of ordinary notes. This TAB sign is not a clef — it does not indicate the placement of notes on a staff. The lines shown are not a music staff but rather represent the strings of the instrument (six lines would be used for guitar, four lines for the bass guitar, etc.), with numbers on the
1730:
Clef combinations played a role in the modal system toward the end of the 16th century, and it has been suggested certain clef combinations in the polyphonic music of 16th-century vocal polyphony are reserved for authentic (odd-numbered) modes, and others for plagal (even-numbered) modes, but the
223:
Theoretically, any clef may be placed on any line. With five lines on the staff and three clefs, there are fifteen possibilities for clef placement. Six of these are redundant because they result in an identical assignment of the notes—for example, a G-clef on the third line yields the same note
610:
A G-clef placed on the first line is called the French clef, or French violin clef. It was used in France in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries for violin music and flute music. It places the notes in the same staff positions as the bass clef, but two octaves higher.
1347:
to the lines and spaces of the staff. With the exception of some common drum-kit and marching percussion layouts, the assignment of lines and spaces to instruments is not standardised, so a legend is required to show which instrument each line or space represents.
797:. Double bass, bass guitar, and contrabassoon sound an octave lower than the written pitch; some scores show an "8" beneath the clef for these instruments to differentiate from instruments that sound at the actual written pitch. (see "Octave clefs" below).
140:. Using different clefs for different instruments and voices allows each part to be written comfortably on a staff with a minimum of ledger lines. To this end, the G-clef is used for high parts, the C-clef for middle parts, and the F-clef for low parts.
1192:
599:
1615:
1609:
1231:
below it. This indicates that the pitches sound an octave lower. As the true tenor clef has fallen into disuse in vocal writings, this "octave-dropped" treble clef is often called the tenor clef. The same clef is sometimes used for the
1394:
1173:
970:
714:
675:
648:
1568:
The practice of using different shapes for the same clef persisted until very recent times. The F-clef was, until as late as the 1980s in some cases (such as hymnals), or in
British and French publications, written like this:
522:
are sometimes treated as transposing instruments, using the treble clef and sounding a major ninth lower, and are sometimes treated as concert-pitch instruments, using bass clef. The treble clef is also the upper staff of the
1316:
132:
on the fourth line). The C-clef is mostly encountered as alto clef (placing middle C on the third line) or tenor clef (middle C on the fourth line). A clef may be placed on a space instead of a line, but this is rare.
151:
A symmetry exists surrounding middle C regarding the F-, C- and G-clefs. C-clef defines middle C whereas G-clef and F-clef define the note at the interval of a fifth above middle C and below middle C, respectively.
1096:
1048:
875:
435:
1285:, the cor anglais was written in bass clef an octave lower than sounding. The unmodified bass clef is so common that performers of instruments whose ranges lie below the staff simply learn to read ledger lines.
725:
The only F-clef still in use is the bass clef, with the clef placed on the fourth line. Since it is the only F-clef commonly encountered, the terms "F-clef" and "bass clef" are often regarded as synonymous.
1546:
up to 1600, unusual clefs were occasionally used for parts with extremely high or low tessituras. For very low bass parts, the Γ clef is found on the middle, fourth, or fifth lines of the staff (e.g., in
2493:
Viel feiner lieblicher
Stucklein, spanischer, welscher, englischer, frantzösischer Composition und Tentz, uber drey hundert, mit sechsen, fünffen, und vieren, auff alle Instrument ... zusamen bracht
1709:
a double treble clef. Many pieces, particularly those from before the 21st century, use an unaltered treble clef, with the expectation the tenors will still sing an octave lower than notated.
985:(rarely, and mostly in German scores; otherwise the alto clef is used) and for upper ranges of bass-clef instruments such as the bassoon, cello, euphonium, double bass, and
262:. Of these, the treble and bass clefs are by far the most common. The tenor clef is used for the upper register of several instruments that usually use bass clef (including
1577:
In printed music from the 16th and 17th centuries, the C clef often assumed a ladder-like form, in which the two horizontal rungs surround the staff line indicated as C:
1639:
C clefs (along with G, F, Γ, D, and A clefs) were formerly used to notate vocal music. Nominally, the soprano voice parts were written in first- or second-line C clef (
2539:
A Dictionary of
Musical Information: Containing also a Vocabulary of Musical Terms, and a List of Modern Musical Works Published in the United States From 1640 To 1875
2271:
686:
When the F-clef is placed on the third line, it is called the baritone clef. Baritone clef was used for the left hand of keyboard music (particularly in France; see
2500:
1001:
but its use has been largely supplanted either with an octave version of the treble clef or with bass clef when tenor and bass parts are written on a single staff.
2321:
2170:
1716:
This may be reduced to two staffs, the soprano and alto sharing a staff with a treble clef, and the tenor and bass sharing a staff marked with the bass clef.
102:. Placing a clef on a staff assigns a particular pitch to one of the five lines or four spaces, which defines the pitches on the remaining lines and spaces.
1208:) and for the tenor voice have used treble clef, although they sound an octave lower. To avoid ambiguity, modified clefs are sometimes used, especially in
144:
can be an exception to this—the same clef is generally used for all instruments in a family, regardless of their sounding pitch. For example, even the low
1266:
An F-clef can also be notated with an octave marker. While the F-clef notated to sound an octave lower can be used for contrabass instruments such as the
2648:
690:) and for baritone parts in vocal music. A C-clef on the fifth line creates a staff with identical notes to the baritone clef, but this variant is rare.
121:, a C-clef fixes middle C, and a G-clef fixes the G above middle C. In modern music notation, the G-clef is most frequently seen as treble clef (placing
1584:
2267:
1738:
since it will move the pitches roughly in parallel to the written part. Key signatures and accidentals need to be accounted for when this is done.
1107:
A C-clef on the first line of the staff is called the soprano clef. It was used for the right hand of keyboard music (particularly in France – see
3251:
1212:
writing. Using a C-clef on the third space places the notes identically, but this notation is much less common as it is easily confused with the
1274:, and the F-clef notated to sound an octave higher can be used for the bass recorder, these uses are extremely rare. In Italian scores up to
1367:
If the neutral clef is used for a single percussion instrument the staff may only have one line, although other configurations are used.
1436:(key-letters), in Gregorian chant notation. Over time the shapes of these letters became stylised, leading to their current versions.
2592:
2584:
2474:
2466:
946:
needed, since much of the alto range is between treble and bass clef. Alto parts are now commonly written in treble clef instead.
3114:
2600:
1418:
Before the advent of clefs, the reference line of a staff was simply labeled with the name of the note it was intended to bear:
575:
voices. Tenor voice parts sound an octave lower and are often written using an octave clef (see below) or a double-treble clef.
1784:
2641:
1439:
Many other clefs were used, particularly in the early period of chant notation, keyed to many different notes, from the low
1349:
1252:
503:
1551:’s Requiem and in a mid-16th-century dance book published by the Hessen brothers); for very high parts, the high-D clef (
1032:
136:
The use of different clefs makes it possible to write music for all instruments and voices, regardless of differences in
1069:
1064:. Mezzo-soprano clef was also used for certain flute parts during renaissance, especially when doubling vocal lines. In
785:
voice is notated in bass clef if the tenor and bass are written on the same staff. Bass clef is the bottom clef in the
394:
This section shows a complete list of the clefs, along with a list of instruments and voice parts notated with them. A
3244:
3149:
3013:
2509:
1115:
parts along with the alto clef. It was used for the second violin part ('haute-contre') in 17th century French music.
238:
1240:
clef with a diagonal line through the upper half of the clef to indicate octave pitch, but this is not always used.
282:
at the octave is generally written at the transposed pitch, but is sometimes seen written at concert pitch using an
1977:
It is perhaps also useful to note that, for the treble clef, the four spaces between the five clef lines spell out
822:
3549:
3218:
3109:
3084:
2875:
2634:
2168:
Curtis, Alan (1989-04-01). "La Poppea
Impasticciata or, Who Wrote the Music to La Poppea Impasticciata (1643)?".
1763:
122:
659:
3119:
3069:
2958:
2865:
2620:
1767:
1749:
994:
1016:, has a ladder-like shape. This C-clef places the C on the third space of the staff, and is equivalent to the
1594:
The C-clef was formerly written in a more angular way, sometimes still used, or, more often, as a simplified
632:
3208:
3079:
1080:
923:
805:
3237:
2758:
2348:
Kurtzman, J. G. (1994). "Tones, Modes, Clefs, and Pitch in Roman Cyclic
Magnificats of the 16th Century".
2056:
1344:
279:
141:
38:
1565:) were used to represent the notes written on the fourth and top lines of the treble clef, respectively.
3554:
3190:
3054:
2753:
2409:
2350:
2215:
2118:
1279:
583:
419:
31:
954:
3508:
2885:
2683:
831:
45:
1300:
1004:
859:
698:
3124:
3104:
2407:
Parrott, Andrew (1984). "Transposition in
Monteverdi's Vespers of 1610: an "Aberration" Defended".
1735:
1691:
In more modern publications, four-part music on parallel staffs is usually written more simply as:
1329:
1065:
886:
A C-clef on the third line of the staff is called the alto or viola clef. It is currently used for
794:
532:
72:
1787:. Although much of the list was established by 1999, general provision of these symbols in common
1447:, the G on the bottom line of the bass clef) to the G above middle C (written with a small letter
1165:
3397:
3323:
3295:
2776:
2232:
2195:
2065:
2042:
1776:
1061:
778:
818:
117:. Placing these clefs on a line fixes a reference note to that line—an F-clef fixes the F below
1674:
Until the 19th century, the most common arrangement for vocal music used the following clefs:
289:
57:
Diagram of treble, alto and bass clefs with identical-sounding musical notes aligned vertically
3488:
3429:
3170:
2918:
2588:
2580:
2520:
2470:
2462:
2187:
1357:
1275:
1260:
814:
734:
551:) are written in the tenor clef, but very high pitches may be notated in the treble clef. The
2436:
Wiering, F. (1992). "The Waning of the Modal Ages: Polyphonic
Modality in Italy, 1542–1619".
3402:
3343:
3280:
3264:
3129:
2933:
2908:
2860:
2733:
2657:
2551:
2534:
2418:
2359:
2330:
2224:
2179:
1606:
In modern
Gregorian chant notation the C clef is written (on a four-line staff) in the form
1548:
1108:
1040:
911:
891:
813:
When the F-clef is placed on the fifth line, it is called the sub-bass clef. It was used by
687:
591:
91:
1343:
clef is not a true clef like the F, C, and G clefs. Rather, it assigns different unpitched
3348:
3023:
3018:
2903:
2870:
2786:
1233:
2575:. Boston: Alleyn and Bacon. Second edition, Boston: Alleyn and Bacon, 1969, reprinted as
769:
when their parts are written at concert pitch, and sometimes for the lowest notes of the
3229:
1734:
Reading music as if it were in a different clef from the one indicated can be an aid in
667:
3462:
3434:
3338:
3272:
3180:
3154:
2893:
2748:
2454:
2319:
Powers, Harold S. (1981). "Tonal Types and Modal
Categories in Renaissance Polyphony".
1543:
1184:
986:
982:
899:
447:
61:
1631:
989:. Treble clef may also be used for the upper extremes of these bass-clef instruments.
640:
3543:
3424:
3355:
3333:
3260:
3185:
3044:
2963:
2835:
2791:
2728:
2708:
2665:
2505:
1788:
1561:
1528:
1271:
1248:
895:
762:
746:
742:
560:
519:
395:
231:
The ten clefs placed on lines (two are equivalent) have different names based on the
99:
2334:
1088:
3528:
3452:
3392:
3375:
3099:
3089:
3064:
2975:
2938:
2840:
2828:
2818:
2781:
2768:
2718:
2568:
2515:
990:
907:
427:
95:
1579:
1243:
To indicate that notes sound an octave higher than written, a treble clef with an
981:
A C-clef on the fourth line of the staff is called tenor clef. It is used for the
962:
555:
also may use the treble clef for very high notes. The treble clef is used for the
1591:
and positioned to make it equivalent to an octave G clef) into the 20th century.
3523:
3478:
3407:
3313:
3290:
3175:
3049:
3028:
3005:
2990:
2803:
2738:
2713:
2688:
2363:
1386:
1361:
1293:
1267:
998:
943:
915:
910:
voice and sometimes called the countertenor clef. A vestige of this survives in
867:
786:
770:
706:
540:
524:
479:
467:
2485:
1635:
Vocal music can be contracted into two staffs, using the treble and bass clefs.
841:
614:
401:
3503:
3493:
3305:
3074:
2948:
2813:
2808:
2422:
2143:
2019:
1780:
918:
in his symphonies. It occasionally appears in keyboard music (for example, in
826:
491:
475:
2527:
Kidson, Frank. 1909. "The Evolution of Clef Signatures" (second article). In
2191:
2083:
1124:
The line indicating C (going from the center of a clef) is marked in orange.
398:
after the name of a clef indicates that the clef is no longer in common use.
3513:
3498:
3414:
3380:
3360:
3328:
3144:
3134:
3094:
3059:
2943:
2703:
2598:
Smits van Waesberghe, Jos. 1951. "The Musical Notation of Guido of Arezzo".
1725:
1406:
1305:
1259:
above (sounding two octaves above the standard treble clef) is used for the
927:
766:
568:
515:
495:
471:
232:
145:
137:
2228:
1390:
C major scale, guitar tablature and staff notation (suboctave is assumed).
17:
2615:
2249:
There was a vogue in 20th-century Oliver Ditson Co. editions, for example
1614:
1608:
1534:
53:
3457:
3419:
3370:
3285:
2995:
2980:
2823:
2798:
1538:
Early forms of the G clef—the third combines the G and D clefs vertically
1309:
774:
750:
548:
499:
354:
271:
156:
118:
65:
2069:
1571:
128:
on the second line of the staff), and the F-clef as bass clef (placing F
3318:
2970:
2953:
2928:
2913:
2898:
2855:
2698:
2481:
2236:
1757:
1625:
1600:
1515:
was often written in addition to another clef letter to indicate that B
1353:
1157:
903:
758:
738:
556:
544:
507:
483:
267:
2199:
1620:
The flourish at the top of the G-clef probably derives from a cursive
1379:
1122:
The same line on the staff in different clefs means different pitches.
68:
represented on (from left to right) treble, alto, tenor and bass clefs
3518:
2985:
2923:
2850:
2678:
2673:
1783:
for twelve different clef symbols as part of a repertoire called the
1731:
precise implications have been the subject of much scholarly debate.
1205:
919:
511:
487:
455:
1405:
For guitars and other fretted instruments, it is possible to notate
2626:
2183:
1118:
3387:
3139:
2845:
2743:
2723:
1630:
1533:
1385:
1299:
1223:
Such a modified treble clef is most often found in tenor parts in
1209:
1204:
Starting in the 18th century, music for some instruments (such as
1183:
1164:
1156:
1117:
1087:
1039:
1003:
961:
935:
887:
866:
782:
730:
705:
666:
639:
590:
572:
552:
536:
459:
426:
275:
263:
2558:, revised by Bruno Giner and Armelle Choquard. Paris: Max Eschig.
3364:
1588:
1224:
1112:
1013:
939:
790:
754:
564:
528:
463:
366:
338:
315:
3233:
2630:
1659:) and the bass voice in third-, fourth- or fifth-line F clef (
1791:
remains rather limited. The clef symbols provided are these:
1527:
was to be used throughout a piece; this is the origin of the
1200:(this is one octave higher than the treble clef without an 8)
105:
The three clef symbols used in modern music notation are the
1378:
1371:
with a comment to indicate the appropriate rhythmic action.
1292:
1079:
1031:
1008:
Male chorus arrangement showing use of ladder-shaped C-clef.
953:
858:
840:
804:
697:
658:
631:
613:
582:
418:
400:
365:
337:
314:
288:
237:
2054:
Greer, Amy (2003). "In Praise of Those Grass-Eating Cows".
1236:. This can also be indicated with two overlapping G-clefs.
2392:
Smith, A. (1982). "Über modus und Transposition um 1600".
838:
It is the same as the treble clef, but two octaves lower.
27:
Musical symbol used to indicate the pitch of written notes
383:
on the line that passes between the two dots of the clef
2264:
Hymns of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
1111:), in vocal music for sopranos, and sometimes for high
1012:
Another tenor clef variant, formerly used in music for
360:
on the line that passes through the centre of the clef
2084:"Dolmetsch Online – Music Theory Online – Other Clefs"
1255:, and other high woodwind parts. A treble clef with a
2043:
Every Good Boy Does Fine – What does EGBDF stand for?
1455:
symbols for the note just below middle C: round for B
1161:
Three types of suboctave treble clef showing middle C
332:
on the line that passes through the curl of the clef
246:
In modern music, only four clefs are used regularly:
98:
are represented by the lines and spaces on a musical
3471:
3445:
3304:
3271:
3163:
3037:
3004:
2884:
2767:
2664:
44:"Clé" redirects here. For other uses of "Cle", see
1651:), the alto or tenor voices in third-line C clef (
1467:. In order of frequency of use, these clefs were:
997:'s Op. 11). It was used by the tenor part in
535:. Most high parts for bass-clef instruments (e.g.
274:), while the alto is most prominently used by the
2253:selected by Smallman & Matthews (Boston 1933)
2213:Thomas, Bernard (1975). "The Renaissance Flute".
2501:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
2266:for many of the men's arrangements, i.e. Hymns
1583:; this form survived in some printed editions (
1227:settings, using a treble clef with the numeral
993:parts were also written in this clef (see e.g.
942:parts in choral music to reduce the number of
3245:
2642:
2491:Hessen, Paul, and Bartholomeus Hessen. 1555.
2438:Ruggiero Giovannelli: Palestrina and Velletri
2377:Hermelink, S. (1956). "Zur Chiavettenfrage".
2322:Journal of the American Musicological Society
2171:Journal of the American Musicological Society
2107:Moore 1876, 176; Dolmetsch Organisation 2011.
1360:instruments are noted in treble clef or on a
454:Instruments that use the treble clef include
8:
2518:. 1908. "The Evolution of Clef Signatures."
2461:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
85:
2573:Music Notation: A Manual of Modern Practice
2394:Basler Jahrbuch für historische Musikpraxis
1431:
3252:
3238:
3230:
3204:
2649:
2635:
2627:
2561:Morris, R. O., and Howard Ferguson. 1931.
2488:Dolmetsch Online (Accessed 23 March 2012).
1695:Soprano = treble clef (second-line G clef)
1678:Soprano = soprano clef (first-line C clef)
1655:), the tenor voice in fourth-line C clef (
1451:). These included two different lowercase
1247:positioned above the clef may be used for
1430:. These were the most common 'clefs', or
1410:lines showing which fret should be used.
2531:50, no. 793 (1 March), pp. 159–160.
1770: instead of the intended characters.
296:
278:. Music for instruments and voices that
71:
60:
52:
2524:49, no. 785 (1 July), pp. 443–444.
2262:This notation is also used in the 1985
2035:
1970:
1768:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
1684:Tenor = tenor clef (fourth-line C clef)
825:for low notes on the bass viol, and by
2563:Preparatory Exercises in Score-Reading
2556:Manuel pratique pour l'étude des clefs
1598:-shape when writing the clef by hand:
242:The ten possible clefs placed on lines
1712:Bass = bass clef (fourth-line F clef)
1687:Bass = bass clef (fourth-line F clef)
1511:. In later medieval music, the round
7:
1681:Alto = alto clef (third-line C clef)
446:The only G-clef still in use is the
1775:For use with computer systems, the
1044:C major scale, mezzo-soprano clef.
781:voices also use bass clef, and the
595:C major scale, French violin clef.
2565:. London: Oxford University Press.
2300:Hiley 2001; P. and B. Hessen 1555.
1889:MUSICAL SYMBOL F CLEF OTTAVA BASSA
1833:MUSICAL SYMBOL G CLEF OTTAVA BASSA
25:
2495:. Breslau: Crispin Scharffenberg.
1875:MUSICAL SYMBOL F CLEF OTTAVA ALTA
1819:MUSICAL SYMBOL G CLEF OTTAVA ALTA
1188:C major scale, "sopranino" clef.
1017:
906:. It is also associated with the
283:
159:for learning the clef lines are:
3214:
3213:
3203:
2614:
2498:Hiley, David. 2001. "Clef (i)".
2379:Musikwissenschaftlicher Kongress
1748:
1613:
1607:
1599:
1578:
1570:
1261:garklein (sopranissimo) recorder
671:C major scale, baritone C-clef.
644:C major scale, baritone F-clef.
247:
235:for which they are best suited.
2480:Dolmetsch Organisation. 2011. "
2335:10.1525/jams.1981.34.3.03a00030
1945:MUSICAL SYMBOL GREGORIAN F CLEF
1931:MUSICAL SYMBOL GREGORIAN C CLEF
1756:This section contains uncommon
1624:for "sol", the name for "G" in
1217:
1169:C major scale, suboctave clef.
259:
76:Three clefs aligned to middle C
1350:Pitched percussion instruments
1253:soprano and sopranino recorder
1213:
938:). It was originally used for
255:
251:
1:
2579:, New York: Taplinger, 1979.
2291:Smits van Wasberghe 1951, 33.
1356:are notated in bass clef and
1092:C major scale, soprano clef.
228:, i.e. not on a line at all.
1959:MUSICAL SYMBOL KIEVAN C CLEF
1701:Tenor = treble clef with an
1021:
821:to write low bass parts, by
431:C major scale, treble clef.
114:
110:
106:
3014:History of music publishing
1507:, and the round and square
966:C major scale, tenor clef.
914:'s use of the clef for the
735:double bass and bass guitar
3571:
1917:MUSICAL SYMBOL DRUM CLEF-2
1903:MUSICAL SYMBOL DRUM CLEF-1
1736:transposing music at sight
1723:
871:C major scale, alto clef.
823:Monsieur de Sainte-Colombe
729:Bass clef is used for the
710:C major scale, bass clef.
43:
36:
29:
3219:Category:Musical notation
3199:
3085:Numbered musical notation
2876:Scientific pitch notation
2504:, 2nd edition, edited by
2364:10.1093/earlyj/xxii.4.641
1647:) or second-line G clef (
3261:Musical range or compass
2866:Helmholtz pitch notation
2541:. Boston: Oliver Ditson.
2459:Anatomy of the Orchestra
995:Giovanni Battista Vitali
37:Not to be confused with
3209:List of musical symbols
3080:Nashville Number System
2486:Music Dictionary Online
2423:10.1093/earlyj/12.4.490
2018:Suitable fonts include
1785:"Musical Symbols" block
1589:four-part men's harmony
1555:), and the even higher
1352:do not use this clef —
142:Transposing instruments
94:used to indicate which
2759:Transposing instrument
2057:American Music Teacher
1636:
1539:
1432:
1402:
1383:
1345:percussion instruments
1324:
1297:
1201:
1181:
1162:
1144:
1104:
1085:
1056:
1037:
1018:sub-octave treble clef
1009:
978:
959:
883:
864:
846:
810:
722:
703:
683:
664:
656:
637:
619:
607:
588:
443:
424:
406:
370:
342:
319:
294:
243:
219:Placement on the staff
86:
77:
69:
58:
1861:MUSICAL SYMBOL F CLEF
1847:MUSICAL SYMBOL C CLEF
1805:MUSICAL SYMBOL G CLEF
1634:
1537:
1389:
1382:
1303:
1296:
1187:
1168:
1160:
1121:
1091:
1083:
1043:
1035:
1007:
965:
957:
870:
862:
844:
808:
709:
701:
670:
662:
643:
635:
617:
594:
586:
430:
422:
404:
369:
341:
318:
292:
241:
148:read in treble clef.
75:
64:
56:
32:Clef (disambiguation)
2623:at Wikimedia Commons
2512:. London: Macmillan.
2309:Kidson 1908, 443-44.
2229:10.1093/earlyj/3.1.2
2123:Music Theory Academy
795:keyboard instruments
533:keyboard instruments
46:Cle (disambiguation)
30:For other uses, see
3105:Percussion notation
1559:clef (e.g., in the
1330:Percussion Notation
3509:Organ registration
3398:Tenore contraltino
2482:Counter-tenor clef
2381:. Vienna: 264–271.
2282:Del Mar 1981, 143.
2117:Ben (2020-01-30).
1777:Unicode Consortium
1698:Alto = treble clef
1645:mezzo-soprano clef
1637:
1612:and the F clef as
1540:
1461:, and square for B
1403:
1384:
1325:
1298:
1202:
1182:
1163:
1145:
1131:mezzo-soprano clef
1105:
1086:
1062:Claudio Monteverdi
1057:
1038:
1036:Mezzo-soprano clef
1028:Mezzo-soprano clef
1010:
979:
960:
884:
865:
847:
811:
723:
704:
684:
665:
657:
638:
620:
608:
589:
579:French violin clef
444:
425:
407:
371:
343:
320:
295:
244:
78:
70:
59:
3537:
3536:
3227:
3226:
3171:Mensural notation
2619:Media related to
2601:Musica Disciplina
2552:Dandelot, Georges
2535:Moore, John Weeks
2529:The Musical Times
2521:The Musical Times
2088:www.dolmetsch.com
1764:rendering support
1544:polyphonic period
1358:mallet percussion
1304:Simple quadruple
1276:Gioachino Rossini
1066:Azerbaijani music
815:Johannes Ockeghem
761:. It is used for
387:
386:
16:(Redirected from
3562:
3550:Musical notation
3472:Related articles
3403:Tenore di grazia
3254:
3247:
3240:
3231:
3217:
3216:
3207:
3206:
3070:Graphic notation
2734:Rehearsal letter
2658:Musical notation
2651:
2644:
2637:
2628:
2618:
2577:A Crescendo Book
2442:
2441:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2316:
2310:
2307:
2301:
2298:
2292:
2289:
2283:
2280:
2274:
2260:
2254:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2148:Dolmetsch Online
2139:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2114:
2108:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2051:
2045:
2040:
2023:
2016:
2010:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1975:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1752:
1617:
1611:
1603:
1585:see this example
1582:
1574:
1549:Pierre de La Rue
1526:
1525:
1520:
1519:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1459:
1435:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1109:Bauyn manuscript
1103:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1072:uses this clef.
1055:
1054:
1053:
1051:
977:
976:
975:
973:
912:Sergei Prokofiev
882:
881:
880:
878:
832:Musical Offering
721:
720:
719:
717:
688:Bauyn manuscript
682:
681:
680:
678:
655:
654:
653:
651:
606:
605:
604:
602:
442:
441:
440:
438:
390:Individual clefs
297:
89:
21:
3570:
3569:
3565:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3540:
3539:
3538:
3533:
3467:
3441:
3349:Soprano sfogato
3300:
3267:
3258:
3228:
3223:
3195:
3159:
3033:
3024:Music publisher
3019:Music engraving
3000:
2880:
2871:Letter notation
2763:
2660:
2655:
2611:
2548:
2546:Further reading
2455:Del Mar, Norman
2451:
2446:
2445:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2318:
2317:
2313:
2308:
2304:
2299:
2295:
2290:
2286:
2281:
2277:
2261:
2257:
2251:Master Choruses
2248:
2244:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2152:
2150:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2127:
2125:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2106:
2102:
2092:
2090:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2041:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2026:
2017:
2013:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1958:
1955:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1941:
1936:
1935:
1930:
1927:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1913:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1899:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1885:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1871:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1857:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1843:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1829:
1824:
1823:
1818:
1815:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1801:
1796:
1795:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1762:Without proper
1753:
1744:
1728:
1722:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1516:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1456:
1433:litterae clavis
1426:, or sometimes
1416:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1377:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1291:
1234:octave mandolin
1193:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1155:
1150:
1143:
1123:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1078:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1030:
971:
969:
968:
967:
952:
876:
874:
873:
872:
857:
852:
819:Heinrich Schütz
803:
715:
713:
712:
711:
696:
676:
674:
673:
672:
649:
647:
646:
645:
630:
625:
600:
598:
597:
596:
581:
436:
434:
433:
432:
417:
412:
392:
380:
352:
329:
221:
131:
126:
49:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3568:
3566:
3558:
3557:
3552:
3542:
3541:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3475:
3473:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3437:
3435:Basso profondo
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3373:
3368:
3358:
3353:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3316:
3310:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3277:
3275:
3273:Vocal register
3269:
3268:
3259:
3257:
3256:
3249:
3242:
3234:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3211:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3041:
3039:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3010:
3008:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2967:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2890:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2832:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2773:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2749:Time signature
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2670:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2646:
2639:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2610:
2609:External links
2607:
2606:
2605:
2596:
2566:
2559:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2532:
2525:
2513:
2496:
2489:
2478:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2428:
2417:(4): 490–516.
2399:
2384:
2369:
2358:(4): 641–664.
2340:
2329:(3): 428–470.
2311:
2302:
2293:
2284:
2275:
2255:
2242:
2205:
2184:10.2307/831417
2160:
2142:Blood, Brian.
2134:
2109:
2100:
2075:
2046:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2011:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1947:
1933:
1919:
1905:
1891:
1877:
1863:
1849:
1835:
1821:
1807:
1789:computer fonts
1766:, you may see
1754:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1724:Main article:
1721:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1699:
1696:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1415:
1412:
1376:
1373:
1328:Main Article:
1290:
1287:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1113:viola da gamba
1077:
1074:
1029:
1026:
987:tenor trombone
983:viola da gamba
951:
948:
924:Organ Chorales
900:viola da gamba
856:
853:
851:
848:
802:
799:
695:
692:
629:
626:
624:
621:
580:
577:
416:
413:
411:
408:
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385:
384:
381:
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372:
362:
361:
358:
350:
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344:
334:
333:
330:
327:
324:
321:
311:
310:
309:Note Location
307:
304:
301:
220:
217:
216:
215:
214:
213:
188:
129:
124:
92:musical symbol
84:(from French:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3567:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3545:
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3527:
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3517:
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3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
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3456:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3444:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3425:Bass-baritone
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3386:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3356:Mezzo-soprano
3354:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3303:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3255:
3250:
3248:
3243:
3241:
3236:
3235:
3232:
3220:
3212:
3210:
3202:
3201:
3198:
3192:
3191:Transcription
3189:
3187:
3186:Sight-reading
3184:
3182:
3181:Perfect pitch
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3162:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3115:Ancient Greek
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3055:Chord diagram
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3045:Braille music
3043:
3042:
3040:
3038:Other systems
3036:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3007:
3003:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2769:Musical notes
2766:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2754:Transposition
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2709:Key signature
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2652:
2647:
2645:
2640:
2638:
2633:
2632:
2629:
2622:
2617:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2594:
2593:0-8008-5453-5
2590:
2586:
2585:0-8008-5459-4
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2569:Read, Gardner
2567:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2516:Kidson, Frank
2514:
2511:
2507:
2506:Stanley Sadie
2503:
2502:
2497:
2494:
2490:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2475:0-520-05062-2
2472:
2468:
2467:0-520-04500-9
2464:
2460:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2439:
2432:
2429:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2411:
2403:
2400:
2395:
2388:
2385:
2380:
2373:
2370:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2352:
2344:
2341:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2323:
2315:
2312:
2306:
2303:
2297:
2294:
2288:
2285:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2259:
2256:
2252:
2246:
2243:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2217:
2209:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2172:
2164:
2161:
2149:
2145:
2144:"Other Clefs"
2138:
2135:
2124:
2120:
2113:
2110:
2104:
2101:
2089:
2085:
2079:
2076:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2058:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2039:
2036:
2029:
2021:
2015:
2012:
2007:
2006:
1974:
1971:
1964:
1948:
1934:
1920:
1906:
1892:
1878:
1864:
1850:
1836:
1822:
1808:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1759:
1751:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1719:
1717:
1711:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1669:sub-bass clef
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1633:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1616:
1610:
1604:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1590:
1587:, written in
1586:
1581:
1575:
1573:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1562:Mulliner Book
1558:
1554:
1550:
1545:
1536:
1532:
1530:
1529:key signature
1521:rather than B
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1434:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1398:
1388:
1381:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1320:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1295:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1277:
1273:
1272:contrabassoon
1269:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1249:penny whistle
1246:
1241:
1237:
1235:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1196:
1186:
1177:
1167:
1159:
1152:
1147:
1140:baritone clef
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1120:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1100:
1090:
1082:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1052:
1042:
1034:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1006:
1002:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
974:
964:
956:
949:
947:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
896:alto trombone
893:
892:viola d'amore
889:
879:
869:
861:
854:
849:
843:
839:
836:
834:
833:
828:
824:
820:
816:
809:Sub-bass clef
807:
801:Sub-bass clef
800:
798:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
763:baritone horn
760:
756:
752:
748:
747:bass recorder
744:
743:contrabassoon
740:
736:
732:
727:
718:
708:
700:
693:
691:
689:
679:
669:
663:Baritone clef
661:
652:
642:
636:Baritone clef
634:
628:Baritone clef
627:
622:
616:
612:
603:
593:
585:
578:
576:
574:
570:
566:
562:
561:mezzo-soprano
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
521:
520:baritone horn
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
452:
449:
439:
429:
421:
414:
409:
403:
399:
397:
389:
382:
376:
373:
368:
364:
363:
359:
356:
348:
345:
340:
336:
335:
331:
325:
322:
317:
313:
312:
308:
305:
302:
299:
298:
291:
287:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
240:
236:
234:
229:
227:
218:
212:(treble clef)
211:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
186:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
163:
162:
161:
160:
158:
153:
149:
147:
143:
139:
134:
127:
120:
116:
112:
108:
103:
101:
97:
93:
88:
83:
74:
67:
63:
55:
51:
47:
40:
33:
19:
3555:Bass (sound)
3529:Vocal weight
3483:
3393:Haute-contre
3376:Countertenor
3090:Klavarskribo
3065:Figured bass
2939:Appoggiatura
2886:Articulation
2693:
2684:Abbreviation
2599:
2576:
2572:
2562:
2555:
2538:
2528:
2519:
2510:John Tyrrell
2499:
2492:
2458:
2437:
2431:
2414:
2408:
2402:
2393:
2387:
2378:
2372:
2355:
2349:
2343:
2326:
2320:
2314:
2305:
2296:
2287:
2278:
2263:
2258:
2250:
2245:
2220:
2214:
2208:
2178:(1): 23–54.
2175:
2169:
2163:
2151:. Retrieved
2147:
2137:
2126:. Retrieved
2122:
2112:
2103:
2091:. Retrieved
2087:
2078:
2064:(1): 22–25.
2061:
2055:
2049:
2038:
2014:
1980:
1979:
1973:
1779:has created
1774:
1755:
1733:
1729:
1720:Further uses
1715:
1706:
1702:
1690:
1673:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1641:soprano clef
1640:
1638:
1621:
1619:
1605:
1595:
1593:
1576:
1567:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1541:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1438:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1417:
1404:
1369:
1366:
1340:
1336:
1334:
1327:
1326:
1306:drum pattern
1289:Neutral clef
1282:William Tell
1281:
1280:Overture to
1265:
1256:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1228:
1222:
1203:
1153:Octave clefs
1128:soprano clef
1106:
1084:Soprano clef
1076:Soprano clef
1058:
1011:
991:Tenor violin
980:
944:ledger lines
931:
908:countertenor
885:
837:
830:
812:
728:
724:
685:
609:
453:
451:voice part.
445:
393:
293:Common clefs
245:
230:
225:
222:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
190:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
165:
154:
150:
135:
104:
90:'key') is a
81:
79:
50:
3524:Vocal range
3479:Chest voice
3408:Heldentenor
3314:Boy soprano
3176:Music stand
3050:Chord chart
3029:Scorewriter
3006:Sheet music
2804:Dotted note
2739:Repeat sign
2714:Ledger line
2410:Early Music
2351:Early Music
2223:(1): 2–10.
2216:Early Music
2119:"Alto Clef"
2093:1 September
1781:code points
1760:characters.
1649:treble clef
1362:grand staff
1268:double bass
1218:tenor clefs
1148:Other clefs
1060:notably by
1020:. See also
1014:male chorus
999:vocal music
916:cor anglais
787:grand staff
587:French clef
541:double bass
525:grand staff
468:cor anglais
423:Treble clef
415:Treble clef
284:octave clef
248:treble clef
187:(bass clef)
155:Two common
18:Treble clef
3544:Categories
3504:Pedal tone
3494:Head voice
3324:Coloratura
3306:Voice type
3150:Shakuhachi
3125:Ekphonetic
3110:Simplified
3075:Lead sheet
2949:Grace note
2814:Note value
2809:Grace note
2777:Accidental
2449:References
2440:: 389–419.
2128:2024-03-22
1742:In Unicode
1657:tenor clef
1341:percussion
1308:on a rock
1137:tenor clef
958:Tenor clef
950:Tenor clef
827:J. S. Bach
492:vibraphone
476:saxophones
396:dagger (†)
260:tenor clef
146:saxophones
3514:Tessitura
3499:Passaggio
3489:Extension
3415:Baritenor
3381:Sopranist
3361:Contralto
3329:Soubrette
3296:Vocal fry
3145:Swaralipi
3135:Kunkunshi
3095:Tablature
3060:Eye music
2944:Glissando
2919:Fingering
2704:Dal segno
2587:(cloth),
2469:(cloth);
2192:0003-0139
2030:Citations
1956:𝇞
1942:𝇑
1928:𝇐
1914:𝄦
1900:𝄥
1886:𝄤
1872:𝄣
1858:𝄢
1844:𝄡
1830:𝄠
1816:𝄟
1802:𝄞
1726:Chiavette
1653:alto clef
1407:tablature
1375:Tablature
1134:alto clef
928:John Cage
863:Alto clef
855:Alto clef
767:euphonium
702:Bass clef
694:Bass clef
569:contralto
527:used for
516:Euphonium
496:xylophone
472:clarinets
280:transpose
256:alto clef
252:bass clef
233:tessitura
157:mnemonics
3458:Sub-bass
3420:Baritone
3371:Castrato
3344:Dramatic
3286:Falsetto
3265:register
3155:Znamenny
2996:Tonguing
2981:Staccato
2934:Ornament
2909:Dynamics
2861:Interval
2824:Notehead
2799:Cue note
2604:5:15–53.
2571:(1964).
2554:. 1999.
2537:. 1876.
2457:. 1981.
2070:43547681
1951:U+01D1DE
1937:U+01D1D1
1923:U+01D1D0
1909:U+01D126
1895:U+01D125
1881:U+01D124
1867:U+01D123
1853:U+01D122
1839:U+01D121
1825:U+01D120
1811:U+01D11F
1797:U+01D11E
1661:baritone
1524:♮
1518:♭
1464:♮
1458:♭
1310:drum kit
775:Baritone
751:trombone
549:trombone
504:recorder
500:mandolin
355:Middle C
272:trombone
119:middle C
66:Middle C
3319:Soprano
3281:Whistle
3164:Related
3130:Gamelan
3120:Chinese
3100:Parsons
2971:Portato
2954:Mordent
2929:Marcato
2914:Fermata
2904:Damping
2899:Caesura
2856:Tremolo
2787:natural
2699:Da capo
2396:: 9–43.
2272:325–337
2237:3125300
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1758:Unicode
1626:solfege
1542:In the
1414:History
1354:timpani
1337:neutral
1022:History
904:mandola
850:C-clefs
829:in his
759:timpani
739:bassoon
623:F-clefs
557:soprano
545:bassoon
508:bagpipe
484:trumpet
410:G-clefs
374:F-clef
346:C-clef
323:G-clef
268:bassoon
3519:Timbre
3463:Treble
3339:Spinto
2986:Tenuto
2924:Legato
2894:Accent
2851:Tuplet
2595:(pbk).
2591:
2583:
2484:". In
2473:
2465:
2235:
2200:831417
2198:
2190:
2153:May 9,
2068:
2022:Music.
1953:
1939:
1925:
1911:
1897:
1883:
1869:
1855:
1841:
1827:
1813:
1799:
1705:below
1210:choral
1206:guitar
1068:, the
920:Brahms
902:, and
845:C-clef
757:, and
618:F-clef
547:, and
512:guitar
488:cornet
474:, all
470:, all
456:violin
448:treble
405:G-clef
270:, and
258:, and
115:C-clef
113:, and
111:F-clef
107:G-clef
3446:Sound
3388:Tenor
3334:Lyric
3291:Modal
3140:Neume
2964:Trill
2959:Slide
2846:Tacet
2836:Pitch
2792:sharp
2744:Tempo
2729:Scale
2724:Ossia
2666:Staff
2621:Clefs
2233:JSTOR
2196:JSTOR
2066:JSTOR
1965:Notes
1667:, or
1445:gamma
936:piano
932:Dream
888:viola
783:tenor
731:cello
573:tenor
553:viola
537:cello
460:flute
306:Note
303:Name
300:Clef
276:viola
264:cello
226:space
194:very
185:lways
138:range
100:staff
96:notes
39:cleft
3484:Clef
3453:Bass
3430:Bass
3365:Alto
3263:and
2976:Slur
2841:Rest
2829:stem
2819:beam
2782:flat
2719:Mode
2694:Clef
2589:ISBN
2581:ISBN
2508:and
2471:ISBN
2463:ISBN
2270:and
2188:ISSN
2155:2023
2095:2016
2020:Noto
1665:bass
1396:Play
1335:The
1318:Play
1270:and
1225:SATB
1216:and
1214:alto
1194:Play
1175:Play
1098:Play
1050:Play
972:Play
940:alto
934:for
926:and
877:Play
817:and
793:and
791:harp
789:for
779:bass
777:and
771:horn
755:tuba
741:and
716:Play
677:Play
650:Play
601:Play
571:and
565:alto
531:and
529:harp
518:and
510:and
480:horn
464:oboe
437:Play
206:oes
198:ood
181:ine
173:oys
169:ood
87:clef
82:clef
2991:Tie
2689:Bar
2419:doi
2360:doi
2331:doi
2268:323
2225:doi
2180:doi
1671:).
1643:or
1339:or
1278:'s
1070:tar
930:'s
922:'s
765:or
210:ine
202:oy
3546::
2679:15
2413:.
2356:22
2354:.
2327:34
2325:.
2231:.
2219:.
2194:.
2186:.
2176:42
2174:.
2146:.
2121:.
2086:.
2062:53
2060:.
1707:or
1663:,
1628:.
1557:ff
1531:.
1503:,
1499:,
1495:,
1491:,
1487:,
1483:,
1479:,
1475:,
1471:,
1422:,
1364:.
1312:.
1263:.
1257:15
1251:,
1220:.
1024:.
898:,
894:,
890:,
835:.
773:.
753:,
749:,
745:,
737:,
733:,
567:,
563:,
559:,
543:,
539:,
514:.
506:,
502:,
498:,
494:,
490:,
486:,
482:,
478:,
466:,
462:,
458:,
357:)
286:.
266:,
254:,
250:,
177:o
109:,
80:A
3367:)
3363:(
3253:e
3246:t
3239:v
2674:8
2650:e
2643:t
2636:v
2477:.
2425:.
2421::
2415:7
2366:.
2362::
2337:.
2333::
2239:.
2227::
2221:3
2202:.
2182::
2157:.
2131:.
2097:.
2072:.
2009:.
2005:E
2001:–
1997:C
1993:–
1989:A
1985:–
1981:F
1703:8
1622:S
1596:K
1553:d
1513:b
1509:b
1505:B
1501:Γ
1497:e
1493:g
1489:a
1485:D
1481:C
1477:f
1473:c
1469:F
1453:b
1449:g
1443:(
1441:Γ
1428:G
1424:C
1420:F
1245:8
1229:8
379:3
377:F
353:(
351:4
349:C
328:4
326:G
208:F
204:D
200:B
196:G
192:E
183:A
179:F
175:D
171:B
167:G
130:3
125:4
123:G
48:.
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
