42:
64:
771:
Treecreepers forage on the trunks of large trees. They move up the trunk in a progression of small hops. They fly to the bottom of a tree, then climb in a spiral fashion searching for prey. The majority of their diet is composed of small invertebrates, including insects and their larvae, spiders, and
755:
and another has a discontinuous distribution in sub-Saharan Africa and India. All species of treecreeper are found in forest and woodland habitats. The more northerly species are partly migratory, and those found in warmer climates are thought to be resident, although information is lacking for many
808:
Cracraft, J.; Barker, F. Keith; Braun, M. J.; Harshman, J.; Dyke, G.; Feinstein, J.; Stanley, S.; Cibois, A.; Schikler, P.; Beresford, P.; García-Moreno, J.; Sorenson, M. D.; Yuri, T.; Mindell. D. P. (2004) "Phylogenetic relationships among modern birds (Neornithes): Toward an avian tree of life."
791:
treecreepers usually nest in a gap between the tree bark and the tree, whereas the nest of the spotted creeper is placed in the fork of a branch. Incubation lasts 14 to 15 days, and young fledge after 15 to 16 days.
711:
Treecreepers measure from 12 to 18 centimetres in length. Their bills are gently down-curved and rather long, used for probing bark for insects and spiders. They often climb up tree trunks in a
719:
treecreepers are stiffened to use as a prop while climbing, but those of the spotted creeper are shorter and not stiffened. Their songs and calls are thin and high-pitched.
1273:
1312:
764:
Treecreepers are generally unobtrusive and are often indifferent to humans. They occur as singles or in pairs, sometimes in small family groups after fledging.
772:
pseudoscorpions. In hard times seeds and fruits may be taken, and a few species will also visit birdfeeders. Species in both genera have been recorded joining
1247:
1286:
1065:
830:
Manegold, Albrecht (April 2008). "Earliest fossil record of the
Certhioidea (treecreepers and allies) from the early Miocene of Germany".
768:
has been observed in three species (and may occur in more), with as many as 20 birds sharing a roosting hole in order to conserve warmth.
695:. This specimen implies the branching of Certhioidea occurred 20 MYA, and represents the oldest fossil passerine assignable to an extant
715:
path, hopping with their feet together; their toes are long and tipped with strongly curved claws for gripping. The longer tails of the
1055:
1030:
818:
227:, each with one genus. Their distinctive anatomical and behavioural characteristics are discussed in their respective articles.
41:
1291:
1299:
1169:
936:
1053:
Harrap, Simon (2008). "Family
Certhiidae (Treecreepers)". In Josep, del Hoyo; Andrew, Elliott; David, Christie (eds.).
1156:
773:
215:. Their plumage is dull-coloured, and as their name implies, they climb over the surface of trees in search of food.
63:
1226:
1317:
1239:
609:
560:
288:
DNA, and was created to cover a clade of four families removed from a larger grouping of passerine birds, the
665:
257:
1096:
656:
587:
578:
502:
253:
1371:
1338:
1084:
1161:
959:"Earliest fossil record of the Certhioidea (treecreepers and allies) from the early Miocene of Germany"
635:
520:
was originally described in the family
Certhiidae but is now considered as more closely related to the
1195:
1143:
878:
679:
547:
140:
1366:
780:
600:
224:
192:
986:
847:
784:
622:
509:
196:
58:
1343:
1022:
1009:
1325:
1182:
1061:
1026:
978:
906:
814:
765:
732:
692:
289:
1278:
1330:
970:
896:
886:
839:
177:
1134:
684:
237:, is the typical treecreepers, with eight species found in Europe and Asia, and one, the
882:
292:. The fossil record for this group appears to be restricted to a foot bone of an early
1234:
1221:
901:
866:
273:
300:
which has been identified as an extinct representative of the climbing
Certhioidea, a
1360:
1174:
1014:
958:
924:
744:
569:
476:
277:
264:
Some taxonomists place the nuthatches and treecreepers in a larger grouping with the
242:
238:
990:
851:
1148:
285:
281:
304:
comprising the treecreepers, wallcreeper and nuthatches. It has been described as
1187:
1304:
1260:
1128:
525:
517:
399:
330:
269:
125:
974:
843:
728:
521:
1119:
982:
1208:
891:
752:
649:
483:
211:
185:
162:
115:
75:
17:
910:
813:(J. Cracraft and M. J. Donoghue, eds.). Oxford University Press, New York.
1113:
700:
353:
95:
688:
540:
297:
293:
233:
205:
156:
748:
85:
1265:
1252:
1090:
871:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States
1213:
740:
736:
712:
696:
301:
200:
415:
265:
188:
105:
1094:
1200:
469:
Relationships among families in the superfamily
Certhioidea.
528:(subfamily Dendrocolaptinae) also have a similar name.
1103:
1008:
687:found in karstic fissure fillings in Petersbuch,
867:"Earth history and the passerine superradiation"
1060:. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. pp. 166–179.
787:. Nests and eggs vary between the genera: the
497:in their name, which are not closely related:
489:There are two other small bird families with
8:
199:. The family contains eleven species in two
49:Cyprus subspecies of short-toed treecreeper
1091:
482:, a small tree-dwelling bird described by
40:
31:
900:
890:
727:Most species of treecreeper occur in the
683:, was described from a fossilized right
801:
1058:. Volume 13, Penduline-tits to Shrikes
191:, widespread in wooded regions of the
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1002:
1000:
7:
1240:dc391168-72a0-433e-b90f-57a696f2dd95
865:Oliveros, C.H.; et al. (2019).
392:
369:
346:
323:
315:
1056:Handbook of the Birds of the World
25:
1019:The Firefly Encyclopedia of Birds
276:, the Certhioidea, was based on
248:Subfamily Salpornithinae, genus
62:
1087:on the Internet Bird Collection
475:The genus name is derived from
52:Certhia brachydactyla dorotheae
1:
1007:Mead, Christopher J. (2003).
937:British Trust for Ornithology
774:mixed-species feeding flocks
703:in the Northern Hemisphere.
691:by German paleornithologist
231:Subfamily Certhiinae, genus
957:Manegold, Albrecht (2008).
811:Assembling the tree of life
223:The family consists of two
1388:
1021:. Firefly Books. pp.
627:brown-throated treecreeper
532:Species in taxonomic order
975:10.1007/s10336-007-0263-9
929:[Linnaeus, 1758]"
844:10.1007/s10336-007-0263-9
735:, from Western Europe to
610:Rusty-flanked treecreeper
413:
397:
390:
374:
367:
351:
344:
328:
321:
153:
148:
59:Scientific classification
57:
48:
39:
34:
1010:"Holarctic Treecreepers"
743:. One species occurs in
723:Distribution and habitat
677:An extinct treecreeper,
219:Taxonomy and systematics
892:10.1073/pnas.1813206116
666:African spotted creeper
503:Australian treecreepers
258:African spotted creeper
963:Journal of Ornithology
832:Journal of Ornithology
657:Indian spotted creeper
588:Bar-tailed treecreeper
579:Short-toed treecreeper
254:Indian spotted creeper
1339:Paleobiology Database
779:The treecreepers are
760:Behaviour and ecology
605:Certhia tianquanensis
592:Himalayan treecreeper
583:Certhia brachydactyla
561:Hodgson's treecreeper
1235:Fauna Europaea (new)
1015:Perrins, Christopher
661:Salpornis spilonotus
640:Certhia manipurensis
548:Eurasian treecreeper
252:, contains only the
883:2019PNAS..116.7916O
670:Salpornis salvadori
601:Sichuan treecreeper
510:Philippine creepers
193:Northern Hemisphere
1085:Treecreeper videos
927:Certhia familiaris
809:p468–489 in
733:Indomalayan realms
697:subordinated clade
636:Hume's treecreeper
623:Sikkim treecreeper
618:Certhia nipalensis
596:Certhia himalayana
556:Certhia familiaris
552:common treecreeper
197:sub-Saharan Africa
1354:
1353:
1326:Open Tree of Life
1097:Taxon identifiers
1067:978-84-96553-45-3
877:(16): 7916–7925.
766:Communal roosting
693:Albrecht Manegold
614:Nepal treecreeper
574:Certhia americana
512:(Rhabdornithidae)
473:
472:
463:
462:
454:
453:
445:
444:
436:
435:
427:
426:
306:Certhiops rummeli
170:
169:
144:
16:(Redirected from
1379:
1347:
1346:
1334:
1333:
1321:
1320:
1308:
1307:
1305:NBNSYS0000159638
1295:
1294:
1282:
1281:
1269:
1268:
1256:
1255:
1243:
1242:
1230:
1229:
1217:
1216:
1204:
1203:
1191:
1190:
1178:
1177:
1165:
1164:
1152:
1151:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1092:
1072:
1071:
1050:
1037:
1036:
1012:
1004:
995:
994:
954:
948:
947:
945:
944:
921:
915:
914:
904:
894:
862:
856:
855:
827:
821:
806:
631:Certhia discolor
565:Certhia hodgsoni
393:
370:
347:
324:
316:
311:
310:
139:
67:
66:
44:
32:
21:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1376:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1342:
1337:
1329:
1324:
1316:
1311:
1303:
1298:
1290:
1285:
1277:
1272:
1264:
1259:
1251:
1246:
1238:
1233:
1225:
1220:
1212:
1207:
1199:
1194:
1186:
1181:
1173:
1168:
1160:
1155:
1147:
1142:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1118:
1117:
1112:
1099:
1081:
1076:
1075:
1068:
1052:
1051:
1040:
1033:
1006:
1005:
998:
956:
955:
951:
942:
940:
923:
922:
918:
864:
863:
859:
829:
828:
824:
807:
803:
798:
762:
725:
709:
685:tarsometatarsus
680:Certhia rummeli
534:
505:(Climacteridae)
464:
455:
446:
437:
428:
402:: gnatcatchers
379:: treecreepers
221:
160:
138:
61:
50:
28:
27:Family of birds
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1385:
1383:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1359:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1335:
1322:
1309:
1296:
1283:
1270:
1257:
1244:
1231:
1222:Fauna Europaea
1218:
1205:
1192:
1179:
1166:
1153:
1140:
1125:
1109:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1080:
1079:External links
1077:
1074:
1073:
1066:
1038:
1031:
996:
969:(2): 223–228.
949:
916:
857:
838:(2): 223–228.
822:
800:
799:
797:
794:
761:
758:
724:
721:
708:
705:
675:
674:
673:
672:
663:
644:
643:
642:
633:
620:
607:
598:
585:
576:
567:
558:
533:
530:
514:
513:
506:
471:
470:
466:
465:
461:
460:
457:
456:
452:
451:
448:
447:
443:
442:
439:
438:
434:
433:
430:
429:
425:
424:
421:
420:
412:
409:
408:
405:
404:
396:
391:
389:
386:
385:
382:
381:
373:
368:
366:
363:
362:
359:
358:
350:
345:
343:
340:
339:
336:
335:
333:: wallcreeper
327:
322:
320:
314:
280:studies using
262:
261:
246:
220:
217:
168:
167:
151:
150:
146:
145:
133:
129:
128:
123:
119:
118:
113:
109:
108:
103:
99:
98:
93:
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
55:
54:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1384:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1069:
1063:
1059:
1057:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1032:1-55297-777-3
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1003:
1001:
997:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
953:
950:
938:
934:
930:
928:
925:"Treecreeper
920:
917:
912:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
861:
858:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
826:
823:
820:
819:0-19-517234-5
816:
812:
805:
802:
795:
793:
790:
786:
782:
777:
775:
769:
767:
759:
757:
754:
750:
746:
745:North America
742:
738:
734:
730:
722:
720:
718:
714:
706:
704:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
681:
671:
667:
664:
662:
658:
655:
654:
653:
652:
651:
645:
641:
637:
634:
632:
628:
624:
621:
619:
615:
611:
608:
606:
602:
599:
597:
593:
589:
586:
584:
580:
577:
575:
571:
570:Brown creeper
568:
566:
562:
559:
557:
553:
549:
546:
545:
544:
543:
542:
536:
535:
531:
529:
527:
523:
519:
511:
507:
504:
500:
499:
498:
496:
492:
487:
485:
481:
478:
477:Ancient Greek
468:
467:
459:
458:
450:
449:
441:
440:
432:
431:
423:
422:
419:
417:
416:Troglodytidae
411:
410:
407:
406:
403:
401:
400:Polioptilidae
395:
394:
388:
387:
384:
383:
380:
378:
372:
371:
365:
364:
361:
360:
357:
356:: nuthatches
355:
349:
348:
342:
341:
338:
337:
334:
332:
331:Tichodromidae
326:
325:
318:
317:
313:
312:
309:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
282:mitochondrial
279:
275:
271:
267:
259:
255:
251:
247:
244:
243:North America
240:
239:brown creeper
236:
235:
230:
229:
228:
226:
218:
216:
214:
213:
208:
207:
202:
198:
194:
190:
187:
183:
179:
175:
166:
165:
164:
159:
158:
152:
147:
142:
137:
134:
131:
130:
127:
124:
122:Superfamily:
121:
120:
117:
116:Passeriformes
114:
111:
110:
107:
104:
101:
100:
97:
94:
91:
90:
87:
84:
81:
80:
77:
74:
71:
70:
65:
60:
56:
53:
47:
43:
38:
35:Treecreepers
33:
30:
19:
1372:Treecreepers
1104:
1054:
1018:
966:
962:
952:
941:. Retrieved
932:
926:
919:
874:
870:
860:
835:
831:
825:
810:
804:
788:
778:
770:
763:
726:
716:
710:
678:
676:
669:
660:
648:
646:
639:
630:
626:
617:
613:
604:
595:
591:
582:
573:
564:
555:
551:
539:
537:
526:woodcreepers
515:
494:
490:
488:
486:and others.
479:
474:
414:
398:
376:
375:
352:
329:
319:Certhioidea
305:
278:phylogenetic
270:gnatcatchers
263:
249:
232:
222:
210:
204:
181:
174:treecreepers
173:
171:
161:
155:
154:
135:
51:
29:
18:Treecreepers
1261:iNaturalist
1129:Wikispecies
785:territorial
707:Description
518:wallcreeper
491:treecreeper
274:superfamily
225:subfamilies
184:, of small
126:Certhioidea
1367:Certhiidae
1361:Categories
1149:Certhiidae
1135:Certhiidae
1105:Certhiidae
943:2008-05-20
796:References
781:monogamous
729:Palearctic
522:nuthatches
377:Certhiidae
296:bird from
290:Sylvioidea
182:Certhiidae
136:Certhiidae
983:2193-7192
933:BirdFacts
756:species.
753:Nicaragua
650:Salpornis
484:Aristotle
250:Salpornis
212:Salpornis
186:passerine
163:Salpornis
82:Kingdom:
76:Eukaryota
1175:bob14860
1114:Wikidata
991:11900733
911:30936315
852:11900733
480:kerthios
418:: wrens
354:Sittidae
132:Family:
96:Chordata
92:Phylum:
86:Animalia
72:Domain:
1120:Q205938
1023:538–540
1017:(ed.).
902:6475423
879:Bibcode
789:Certhia
717:Certhia
713:helical
701:oscines
689:Bavaria
541:Certhia
495:creeper
298:Bavaria
294:Miocene
286:nuclear
272:. This
234:Certhia
206:Certhia
157:Certhia
149:Genera
112:Order:
102:Class:
1344:372893
1331:443267
1292:178793
1279:109430
1214:1CRTIF
1064:
1029:
989:
981:
909:
899:
850:
817:
749:Alaska
647:Genus
538:Genus
524:. The
201:genera
178:family
176:are a
143:, 1820
1318:66704
1274:IRMNG
1227:10859
1013:. In
987:S2CID
939:(BTO)
848:S2CID
747:from
741:India
737:Japan
302:clade
266:wrens
241:, in
189:birds
141:Leach
1313:NCBI
1287:ITIS
1266:7448
1253:5227
1248:GBIF
1209:EPPO
1201:7565
1162:1207
1157:BOLD
1062:ISBN
1027:ISBN
979:ISSN
907:PMID
815:ISBN
783:and
739:and
731:and
516:The
508:the
501:the
284:and
268:and
256:and
209:and
195:and
172:The
106:Aves
1300:NBN
1196:EoL
1188:7XP
1183:CoL
1170:BTO
1144:ADW
971:doi
967:149
897:PMC
887:doi
875:116
840:doi
836:149
751:to
699:of
625:or
612:or
590:or
550:or
493:or
1363::
1341::
1328::
1315::
1302::
1289::
1276::
1263::
1250::
1237::
1224::
1211::
1198::
1185::
1172::
1159::
1146::
1131::
1116::
1041:^
1025:.
999:^
985:.
977:.
965:.
961:.
935:.
931:.
905:.
895:.
885:.
873:.
869:.
846:.
834:.
776:.
668:,
659:,
638:,
629:,
616:,
603:,
594:,
581:,
572:,
563:,
554:,
308:.
203:,
180:,
1070:.
1035:.
993:.
973::
946:.
913:.
889::
881::
854:.
842::
260:.
245:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
