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area of 0.46 km and averages a height of 0.06 km. These scoria cones consist of massive grain supported poorly sorted fallout beds. It also consists of 6 andesite lava being the Cueva de Gel, Lower Pintos, Upper Pintos, Lower Virgen, Pintos dacite, and Upper Virgen andesite lava. Adding to the andesites has one neck which serves as a feeding vent of the volcano and is almost entirely covered by younger deposits of the volcano. The Virgen dacite lava cone is the only cone and represents the main structure of the La Virgen stratocone. As well as there being many andesite lavas there are 4 lava domes. The
Mezquital dacite lava dome is made up of two and they are located on the southern apron of the Virgen volcano. El Virgen is by far the most complex of the three volcanoes as you can see by everything that it consists of such as the lavas, cones, and domes.
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thick lobe-like lava. The dome has light gray lava with mottled structure due to the abundance of enclaves which are dark gray aphanitic that come in different shapes. The puerta dacite is well exposed compared to the other two domes. The dome is covered by a blocky lava surface with a crumble breccia at the base. It is 0.19 km thick and the lava contains sub-rounded 10 cm enclaves. The last dome being the youngest is the Upper Viejo dacite and this dome has a blocky surface as well and it contains sub-rounded enclaves. The average thickness of the dome is 0.26 km.
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Formation is beneath this volcanic cover which consists of shallow-water marine deposits identified by fossiliferous sandstone. Above all these layers, the region consists of a variety of pyroclastic particles from different stages of its most recent volcanic activity. These rocks produced at Las Tres Vírgenes volcanic region have characteristics like those of the calc–alkaline magma series. The volcanic complex has also emitted andesitic to dacitic magmas from 300 to 22ka.
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El Viejo is the oldest from the volcanoes that make up the Tres
Virgenes. It is made up of three lava domes which are in oldest to youngest : the lower viejo dacite, puerta dacite, and the upper viejo dacite. The Lower Viejo dacite dome is overlain by the puerta dacite dome and has a 0.1 km
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This complex of three stratovolcanoes began as mostly dacitic lava flows and domes which resulted in the formation of El Viejo (300 Ka). Volcanic activity later shifted southwest forming El Azufre (173 Ka). Finally, at about 112 Ka, volcanism migrated southwest yet again beginning the creation of El
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The ground floor of Las Tres Vírgenes volcano holds the oldest rock in the region which is a granitic rock of the
Cretaceous era. Above this intrusive rock layer is a volcanic cover from the late Cenozoic era that includes andesite from the Santa Lucía Range, and Esperanza basalt. The Santa Rosalia
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El Virgen is by far the most conspicuous of the three. It is made up of at least 6 scoria cones all spread out around the Virgen volcano. Three of these cones are on the southern flank of El Azufre and they have elongated and coalesced shapes and are crudely aligned in N-S direction. They cover an
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This volcano has block and ash flow which pyroclastic fans that are dissected by radial drainage and at the fan toe is limited by volcaniclastic deposits. The average thickness is 0.1 km and it covers an area of 7.5 km. Then it also consists of a dacite central dome which is located atop
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Volcán Las Tres Vírgenes is part of a cluster that includes the central vent structure of El Azufre and El Viejo. The off-shore volcanic ridges extend from Tres Vírgenes–Aguajito–La
Reforma towards sea-floor spreading centers in the Guayamas basin. It is located within the Gulf of California rift
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contains a reference to an eruption in 1746. Radiometric datings, however, do not agree with this. A charcoal fragment found in a volcanic deposit was dated at approximately 6515 years before present. A basaltic lava flow, which must be younger than the actual eruption, was dated at
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Avellán, Denis Ramón; Macías, José Luis; Arce, José Luis; Saucedo-Girón, Ricardo; Garduño-Monroy, Víctor Hugo; Jiménez-Haro, Adrian; Sosa-Ceballos, Giovanni; Cisneros, Guillermo; Bernal, Juan Pablo; Layer, Paul W.; García-Sánchez, Laura (2019-07-03).
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Avellán, Denis Ramón; Macías, José Luis; Arce, José Luis; Jiménez-Haro, Adrian; Saucedo-Girón, Ricardo; Garduño-Monroy, Víctor Hugo; Sosa-Ceballos, Giovanni; Bernal, Juan Pablo; López-Loera, Hector; Cisneros, Guillermo; Layer, Paul W. (2018-07-01).
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the Azufre
Volcano. It has a height of 0.3 km and an exposed area of 0.78 km. The lava varies from dark-gray to pinkish-gray and the dome shows sub-rounded lava blocks with dark gray enclaves.
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It is composed of three volcanoes, aligned northeast–southwest, with El Viejo, the oldest, to the northeast, El Azufre in the middle, and the youngest, El Vírgen, to the southwest.
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Virgen. Up until 22Ka, El Virgen initially had the largest cone of the three volcanoes at 31.2 km3. The next largest was El Viejo at 4.2 km3 and lastly, El Azufre at 3.8 km3.
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zone. It is a part of a volcanic ridge that extends from the eastern coast of Baja
California towards active sea floor spreading in the Guaymas basin.
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427:"Eruption and magma crystallization ages of Las Tres Vírgenes (Baja California) constrained by combined 230Th/238U and (U–Th)/He dating of zircon"
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Eruption and magma crystallization ages of Las Tres Vírgenes (Baja
California) constrained by combined 230Th/238U and (U–Th)/He dating of zircon,
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505:"Seismicity, focal mechanisms, and stress distribution in the Tres Vírgenes volcanic and geothermal region, Baja California Sur, Mexico"
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547:"Eruptive chronology and tectonic context of the late Pleistocene Tres Vírgenes volcanic complex, Baja California Sur (México)"
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The last eruption of the volcanoes in the complex was of El Vírgen, but the date is disputed. A map drawn by the
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Schmitt, Axel K.; Stockli, Daniel F.; Niedermann, Samuel; Lovera, Oscar M.; Hausback, Brian P. (2010-10-01).
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238:. This Volcano is part of a volcanic ridge that extends from Baja California towards the Guaymas Basin.
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fragments from El Vírgen that yielded an age of approximately 36 thousand years B.P. for the eruption.
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El Vírgen, being by far the most conspicuous of the three, is commonly known as "Las Tres Vírgenes".
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600:"Geology of the late Pleistocene Tres Vírgenes Volcanic Complex, Baja California Sur (México)"
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466:"Eruption ages of Las Tres Vírgenes volcano (Baja California): A tale of two helium isotopes"
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Plinian eruption of La Virgen Tephra, Volcán Las Tres
Virgenes, Baja California Sur, Mexico
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Dating of the 1746 Eruption of Tres
Virgenes Volcano, Baja California Del Sur, Mexico,
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Journal of
Volcanology and Geothermal Research, Issue 158, pp. 281–295, 2006.
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Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, Issue 80 pp. 239–266, 1998.
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Holocene plinian eruption of La Virgen Volcano, Baja California, Mexico,
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Schmitt, Axel K.; Stockli, Daniel F.; Hausback, Brian P. (2006-11-15).
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Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 73, pp. 647–648, May 1962.
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approximately 24 thousand years B.P., which agrees with a dating of
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Complex of volcanoes located Mulegé Municipality, Mexico
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385:Hike to the top of Tres Vírgenes (Part 2)
380:Hike to the top of Tres Vírgenes (Part 1)
324:Volcanoes of east-central Baja California
390:"Volcán Las Tres Vírgenes" on Peakbagger
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522:10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2006.45.1.190
209:Disputed, see Eruption history section
415:. Peaklist.org. Retrieved 2012-10-20.
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38:Volcán Las Tres Vírgenes in 2004.
709:Volcanoes of Baja California Sur
694:Mountains of Baja California Sur
563:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2018.06.012
443:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.07.005
339:List of mountain peaks of Mexico
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617:10.1080/17445647.2019.1576552
482:10.1016/j.quageo.2010.02.004
78:North America isolated peaks
64:1,610 m (5,280 ft)
54:1,940 m (6,360 ft)
704:Pleistocene stratovolcanoes
329:List of volcanoes in Mexico
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689:Stratovolcanoes of Mexico
232:Baja California Peninsula
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470:Quaternary Geochronology
357:Global Volcanism Program
334:List of Ultras of Mexico
157:Volcán Las Tres Vírgenes
22:Volcán Las Tres Vírgenes
509:Geofísica Internacional
362:Smithsonian Institution
116:27.47000°N 112.59167°W
656:Hausback and Abrams,
248:Geological Background
121:27.47000; -112.59167
84:Ultra prominent peak
699:Mulegé Municipality
228:Baja California Sur
224:Mulegé Municipality
177:Baja California Sur
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257:Geologic Structure
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557:: 100–125.
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107:112°35′30″W
94:Coordinates
683:Categories
396:References
367:2021-06-27
104:27°28′12″N
60:Prominence
579:134829595
571:0377-0273
531:0016-7169
490:1871-1014
451:0377-0273
288:El Virgen
279:El Azufre
230:, on the
220:volcanoes
132:Geography
50:Elevation
27:El Virgen
318:See also
303:Croatian
270:El Viejo
173:Location
187:Geology
70:Listing
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181:Mexico
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