943:
372:
199:
215:
968:
156:
127:
1086:
1335:
Bonamico, M.; Dessy, G.; Fares, V.; Scaramuzza, L. (1975). "Structural
Studies of Metal Complexes with Sulphur-Containing Bidentate Ligands. Part I. Crystal and Molecular Structures of Trimeric Bis-(dithiobenzoato)-nickel(II) and -palladium(II)".
901:
763:
668:
357:
458:
528:
1240:
Klaus
Huthmacher, Dieter Most "Cyanuric Acid and Cyanuric Chloride" Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry" 2005, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi 10.1002/14356007.a08 191
463:
Then in the second step, cyanic acid polymerizes to form cyanuric acid, which condenses with the liberated ammonia from the first step to release melamine and water.
1304:
1046:. The reaction illustrates the competition between trimerization and polymerization. The polymer and trimer are formally derived from the
209:. This reaction is catalyzed by traces of bromine, metal salts, acids and bases. For this reason, experimentalists avoid brownish samples.
942:
778:
1225:
673:
This water then reacts with cyanic acid present, which helps drive the trimerization reaction, generating carbon dioxide and ammonia.
1260:
1192:
679:
1159:
205:
The bromide has an extended shelflife when refrigerated. Like the chloride, it undergoes ab exothermic trimerisation to form
1273:
534:
239:
1365:
388:
469:
927:
68:
1047:
100:
1043:
121:
1271:
Bost, R. W.; Constable, E. W. "sym-Trithiane" Organic
Syntheses, Collected Volume 2, p.610 (1943).
135:
371:
1020:
198:
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1221:
1188:
1155:
919:
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176:
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994:
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978:
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41:
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155:
1119:
1067:
967:
959:
168:
104:
1359:
1012:
222:
1319:
1001:
990:
955:
189:
each trimerize at elevated temperatures over a carbon catalyst. The chloride gives
1217:
1184:
950:
Breaking carbon-hetero double bonds forms symmetrical saturated 1,3,5-heterocycles
233:, with release of ammonia. The conversion commences at approximately 175 °C:
1280:
1005:
982:
934:
907:
379:
126:
1024:
769:
1151:
17:
923:
922:, which has some industrial importance is obtained by cyclotrimerization of
226:
143:
31:
130:
The trimerization cyclization reaction can be understood with this scheme.
1345:
1114:
363:
96:
84:
1016:
172:
147:
1175:
Morris, Joel; Kovács, Lajos; Ohe, Kouichi (2015). "Cyanogen
Bromide".
1085:
79:
73:
95:
of the same substance. In technical jargon, a trimer is a kind of
1084:
896:{\displaystyle {\ce {6 HCNO + 3 NH3 -> C3H6N6 + 3 CO2 + 3NH3}}}
1252:, Klaus Weissermel, Hans-Jurgen Arpe John Wiley & Sons; 3rd
230:
27:
Molecule consisting of three identical molecules bound together
92:
59:
91:
formed by combination or association of three molecules or
53:
889:
869:
849:
836:
823:
807:
758:{\displaystyle {\ce {3 HOCN + 3 H2O -> 3 CO2 + 3NH3}}}
751:
731:
708:
653:
633:
620:
607:
591:
571:
516:
446:
421:
408:
345:
325:
287:
258:
977:
is the cyclic trimer of the otherwise unstable species
1208:
Joel Morris; Lajos Kovács (2008). "Cyanogen
Bromide".
989:
and thioether groups. It is prepared by treatment of
663:{\displaystyle {\ce {3 + 3 NH3 -> C3H6N6 + 3 H2O}}}
1324:. New York, USA: D. Van Nostrand Company. p. 57.
781:
682:
537:
472:
391:
242:
1338:
Journal of the
Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions
352:{\displaystyle {\ce {3 H2N-CO-NH2 -> 3 + 3 NH3}}}
50:
47:
56:
44:
895:
757:
662:
522:
452:
351:
985:consists of a six-membered ring with alternating
453:{\displaystyle {\ce {(NH2)2CO -> HOCN + NH3}}}
1058:, although this species is not an intermediate.
1008:, a cyclic trimer containing C-O single bonds.
1210:Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis
1177:Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis
1144:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
1034:Dimethylsilanediol dehydrates to a trimer of
8:
1137:
1135:
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883:
878:
868:
863:
858:
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264:
257:
252:
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243:
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171:are prepared by trimerization of certain
1100:
1096:
1092:
1077:
1073:
1053:
1037:
382:and ammonia in an endothermic reaction:
125:
1131:
1303:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1296:
523:{\displaystyle {\ce {3 HOCN -> 3}}}
1142:Hillis O. Folkins (2005). "Benzene".
1082:crystallize as trimers (M = Ni, Pd).
7:
918:The 1,5,9-trans-trans-cis isomer of
150:. This process was commercialized:
25:
1321:Systematic organic chemistry (3E)
966:
941:
370:
366:can be understood in two steps.
213:
197:
154:
40:
1011:Catalyzing and dehydrating by
810:
714:
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541:
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138:reported the first example of
1:
1218:10.1002/047084289X.rc269.pub2
1185:10.1002/047084289X.rc269.pub3
768:In total, the second step is
362:The endothermic synthesis of
99:derived from three identical
1250:Industrial Organic Chemistry
378:First, urea decomposes into
906:but the overall process is
1382:
119:
103:often in competition with
77: 'three' and
1152:10.1002/14356007.a03_475
1089:Structure of the trimer
1318:Cumming, W. M. (1937).
1146:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
221:An industrial route to
1105:
1062:Coordination chemistry
954:Cyclotrimerization of
928:titanium tetrachloride
897:
759:
664:
524:
454:
353:
131:
1088:
898:
760:
665:
525:
455:
354:
227:thermal decomposition
163:Nitrile trimerization
129:
120:Further information:
1346:10.1039/DT9750002250
1044:polydimethylsiloxane
779:
680:
535:
470:
389:
240:
142:, the conversion of
122:Alkyne trimerisation
116:Alkyne trimerisation
83: 'parts') is a
1366:Trimers (chemistry)
1015:, trimerization of
1000:Three molecules of
914:Diene trimerisation
891:
871:
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838:
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136:Marcellin Berthelot
1106:
1021:aldol condensation
893:
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277:
248:
140:cyclotrimerization
132:
1340:(21): 2250–2255.
1004:condense to form
987:methylene bridges
920:cyclododecatriene
882:
862:
842:
829:
816:
800:
789:
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724:
713:
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338:
314:
307:
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251:
191:cyanuric chloride
183:Cyanogen chloride
177:cyanogen chloride
16:(Redirected from
1373:
1350:
1349:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1302:
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1292:
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1279:. Archived from
1278:
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1241:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1179:. pp. 1–8.
1172:
1166:
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1103:
1081:
1057:
1041:
995:hydrogen sulfide
979:thioformaldehyde
970:
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207:cyanuric bromide
201:
187:cyanogen bromide
158:
89:polyatomic anion
66:
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1289:
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1283:
1276:
1274:"Archived copy"
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1202:
1195:
1174:
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1128:
1111:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1064:
1055:
1051:
1039:
1035:
1032:
975:1,3,5-Trithiane
952:
932:organoaluminium
916:
777:
776:
678:
677:
533:
532:
468:
467:
387:
386:
238:
237:
169:1,3,5-triazines
165:
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28:
23:
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15:
12:
11:
5:
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1227:978-0471936237
1226:
1200:
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1130:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1120:Protein trimer
1117:
1110:
1107:
1068:dithiobenzoate
1063:
1060:
1031:
1028:
972:
971:
960:1,3,5-Trioxane
951:
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105:polymerization
26:
24:
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2:
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1300:
1286:on 2012-03-29
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1261:3-527-28838-4
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1194:9780470842898
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1069:
1061:
1059:
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1027:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1013:sulfuric acid
1009:
1007:
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998:
996:
992:
988:
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980:
976:
969:
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964:
963:
961:
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224:
223:cyanuric acid
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81:
76:
75:
70:
69:Ancient Greek
64:
37:
33:
19:
18:Trimerisation
1337:
1330:
1320:
1313:
1288:. Retrieved
1281:the original
1267:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1236:
1209:
1203:
1176:
1170:
1143:
1065:
1050:sila-ketone
1048:hypothetical
1033:
1030:Trisiloxanes
1010:
1002:acetaldehyde
999:
991:formaldehyde
973:
956:formaldehyde
953:
917:
905:
767:
672:
462:
377:
361:
225:entails the
220:
204:
181:
167:Symmetrical
166:
139:
133:
78:
72:
35:
29:
1042:as well as
1006:paraldehyde
983:heterocycle
935:co-catalyst
908:endothermic
380:cyanic acid
67:; from
1290:2014-05-05
1161:3527306730
1126:References
1070:complexes
1025:mesitylene
770:exothermic
101:precursors
1091:[Ni(S
924:butadiene
811:⟶
715:⟶
595:⟶
482:⟶
428:⟶
291:⟶
274:−
266:−
144:acetylene
134:In 1866,
32:chemistry
1360:Category
1299:cite web
1115:Oligomer
1109:See also
1072:[M(S
1023:affords
958:affords
364:melamine
175:such as
173:nitriles
111:Examples
97:oligomer
85:molecule
1017:acetone
981:. This
930:and an
148:benzene
1259:
1224:
1191:
1158:
36:trimer
1284:(PDF)
1277:(PDF)
993:with
926:with
71:
1305:link
1257:ISBN
1254:1997
1222:ISBN
1189:ISBN
1156:ISBN
1095:CPh)
1076:CPh)
1066:The
1056:Si=O
1019:via
788:HCNO
689:HOCN
479:HOCN
431:HOCN
231:urea
185:and
93:ions
80:-mer
74:tri-
34:, a
1342:doi
1214:doi
1181:doi
1148:doi
1040:SiO
229:of
146:to
87:or
30:In
1362::
1301:}}
1297:{{
1220:.
1212:.
1187:.
1154:.
1134:^
1052:Me
1036:Me
997:.
962::
937::
910:.
881:NH
861:CO
799:NH
772::
743:NH
723:CO
583:NH
559:NH
504:NH
438:NH
425:CO
400:NH
337:NH
313:NH
279:NH
270:CO
193::
179:.
107:.
60:ər
54:aɪ
1348:.
1344::
1307:)
1293:.
1230:.
1216::
1197:.
1183::
1164:.
1150::
1104:.
1101:3
1099:]
1097:2
1093:2
1080:]
1078:2
1074:2
1054:2
1038:2
885:3
876:3
873:+
865:2
856:3
853:+
845:6
841:N
832:6
828:H
819:3
815:C
803:3
794:3
791:+
784:6
747:3
738:3
735:+
727:2
718:3
712:O
704:2
700:H
695:3
692:+
685:3
657:O
649:2
645:H
640:3
637:+
629:6
625:N
616:6
612:H
603:3
599:C
587:3
578:3
575:+
567:3
562:]
555:)
552:O
549:(
545:C
542:[
512:3
507:]
500:)
497:O
494:(
490:C
487:[
475:3
442:3
434:+
417:2
412:)
404:2
396:(
341:3
332:3
329:+
321:3
316:]
309:)
306:O
303:(
299:C
296:[
283:2
262:N
254:2
250:H
245:3
63:/
57:m
51:r
48:t
45:ˈ
42:/
38:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
