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that is not likely monophyletic due to its defining feature being the absence of a capillitium. Further morphological studies have revealed several species within
Liceales that may in fact exhibit a capillitium. Many others that have a “pseudocapillitium”, or remnant threads within the spore, which is a poorly defined term as many different kinds of pseudocapillitium have been observed. As a result, suggestions of new kinds of phylogenies based on molecular findings have been proposed. Fiore-Donna proposed the formation of new clades between Trichiales and Liceales to account for the different types of pseudocapillitiums seen. Another possible suggestion has been the break down of the Liceales order into several new clades. This would include the formation of the Trichiod clade, which would contain all the members of the Trichiales order, as well as closely related members of the Liceales order, while the rest of the Liceales order would be split amongst several other newly clades based on molecular data.
155:. Trichiales is one of five orders in the group Myxomycetes (also called Myxogastria), or the true plasmodial slime molds. It is also currently categorized under the superorder Lucisporidia with its sister group, Liceales. The order was first described by Thomas MacBride in 1922, and has retained the same name and status as a defined order in present phylogeny. In the plasmodium form, members of Trichiales lack a columella but have a well-developed capillitium for spore dispersal. The shape and details of the capillitium are used to define families within the order. Spores are brightly coloured, ranging from clear, white and yellow to pink and red-brown tones. The order currently has 4 families, 14 genera and 174 species. Recent molecular research has shown that while Trichiales probably represents a true taxonomic group, its sister group Liceales is likely paraphyletic, and it has been suggested that several genera from the Liceales should be reclassified under Trichiales instead.
195:, each given a detailed description of the capillitium threads, which MacBride described as “elaters” in reference to their ability to disperse spores. MacBride's book led to several other publications regarding the morphology and taxonomy of the Myxomycetes. This included The Myxomycetes by G.W. Martin and Constantine Alexopoulos, published in 1969, which has been and still is considered one of the most useful pieces of literature for studying the Myxomycetes. In this monograph, the order of Trichiales has been simplified down to only two families: Dianemaceae and Trichiaceae. Again, these two families are distinguished primarily through differences in the capillitium. The members of Dianemaceae are those that exhibit capillitium threads that are attached to the base or walls of spore and never form a net, while the Trichiaceae are categorized as having capillitium threads that are free or attached to the base of the spore, often in a net formation.
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motility. The other phase is the macroscopic plasmodium, which arises from the fusion of multiple cells in the amoebic phase. This plasmodium is essentially a single cell with thousands of nuclei, that divide at the same time. The plasmodium can reach sizes up to a meter across and moves through cytoplasmic streaming. Under favorable conditions, the plasmodium is capable of forming fruiting bodies and spores, which will be released and dispersed to grow into the first amoebic phase. Due to the phase being macroscopic, taxonomy of the
Myxomycetes has been more heavily influenced by structures and morphology in the plasmodium than the smaller amoeboid stage.
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extension of the spore stalk through the structure that holds the spores. It contains the sister groups
Trichiales and Liceales. Liceales is characterized by a complete lack of any capillitium (although some members may exhibit a pseudocapillitum) while members of Trichiales always have a capillitium. The genera of Trichiales usually have brightly coloured spore masses, with fruiting bodies that are either fixed and immobile or forming growing stalks. The spores are often yellow but can range anywhere from colourless or white to pink and reddish brown.
187:, published in 1922. The main features he uses to categorize the order are a capillitium formed out of distinctive threads, free branching or forming a net, as well as usually having bright yellow spores. Trichiales has also been classified with its sister group Liceales in an order called the Lamprosporales by Lister and Lister in 1925, but the two were separated in subsequent works. MacBride originally used the structure of the capillitium as a morphological marker to create 5 families within the order:
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Trichiales have not had lime deposits in their capillitium; however, this technique is problematic because lime deposits can be reduced in other species due to environmental conditions. This could result in an incorrect identification. Another method has been to use polarized light to examine minuscule differences in the capillitium threads through the rotation of light, but this method has also been disregarded by researchers.
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research into the order
Trichiales itself has only occurred very recently. The first molecular sequencing research done on the Mxyomycetes was performed in 2005 by Anne-Marie Fiore-Donno et al. Before this, all taxonomy was based solely on morphology and development, seen here in Trichiales and the emphasis past researchers placed on the capillitium.
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class that he placed within the Fungi kingdom (which he called “Division: Mycota”). It was later determined that the
Myxomycetes were much more similar in microscopic morphology and life cycle to the Ameobozoans and since then, the order has been described multiple times as a member of the Myxomycetes within the Ameobozoans.
273:
was found preserved in amber from the Baltic forests, dating back to the Eocene period (50-35 Myr). This discovery represents only one of two fossils definitively confirmed to be slime molds, and due to the poor representation slime molds have in the fossil record, it represents an important insight
256:
has been used to study the process of speciation and gene flow in the
Myxomycetes. Many species of slime molds can be found in lowland forests of most of the major continents, including Asia, Europe, North America and South America, demonstrating their ability to disperse spores upwards of thousands
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The capillitium is the defining feature of the order
Trichiales. It is often described as “decorated” or “ornamental” due to features like spirals, warts, and spines. The development of the capillitium in Trichiales is formed through tubular vacuoles within the plasmodium that are organized into the
211:
Members of
Trichiales (and indeed all the orders of the Myxomycetes) follow the typical slime mold lifecycle without much deviation. The Myxomycete life cycle consists of two trophic phases: the smaller, amoebic phase where the organism has a single nucleus and may or may not also have flagellum for
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The most recent treatment of the order has four families; however, many researchers have noted that distinguishing these families from each other, as well as the genera, is exceedingly difficult due to the fact that many species have features and morphologies found in more than one family. Molecular
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The
Myxomycetes were originally placed within the kingdom Fungi by many zoologists, despite originally being placed within the group Protista by Ernst Haekel in 1868. In his 1960 publication, G.W Martin described the order “Trichiales” under the Subclass “Myxogastromycetidae” within the Myxomycetes
202:
The phylogeny generated by Fiore-Donno supported the close relationship between
Trichiales and Liceales as well as other taxonomy predicted by morphology. In more recent research, it has been the delineation between Trichiales and Liceales that has come into discussion. Liceales is a complex order
215:
The order Trichiales is considered to be one of the endosporous myxomycetes, meaning that the spores of the organism are produced within fruiting bodies enclosed by a wall. The superorder Lucisporidia, known as the “brightly-spored” or “clear –spored” slime molds lacking a columella, which is an
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There have been other morphological features of the capillitium threads that have been used in the past to categorize genera and species of Trichiales. The presence of lime, or calcium carbonate within the capillitium has often been used to discern separate species. Historically, members of
171:, which refers to hair or hair-like structures. The taxonomy of Trichiales relies heavily on its noticeable capillitium threads, which are used to sort members into their respective families. These threads are likely the source of Trichiales's word root and name.
381:– “Fruiting bodies sessile or stalked. The capillitium is tubular, hollow, and ornamented with spiral bands, sometimes combined with spines. This ornamentation is sometimes faint and can appear almost smooth (6 genera, 81 species)”.
632:
Fiore-Donno, A.M.; et al. (2005). "Higher-order phylogeny of plasmodial slime molds (Myxogastria) based on elongation factor 1-a and small subunit rRNA gene sequences". Vol. 52. J.Eukaryotic Microbiology.
291:– The fruiting bodies are either sessile or stalked. The capillitium is tube-shaped and hollow and has features like “warts, spines, cogs, ridges, half-rings, rings or reticulations” (5 genera, 87 species).
336:– The fruiting bodies are either sessile or stalked. The capillitium is thread-like and solid, and appears smooth or textured with fragile and irregular spirals or reticulations (2 genera, 15 species)”.
265:
Fossil records of Myxomycetes are extremely rare due to the fact that their amoeboid stage do not form fossils and their fruiting bodies in the plasmodial phase are so fragile. A spore of the species
647:
Leontyev, D.V. and Schnittler, M. (2017). "Chapter 3: The Phylogeny of Myxomycetes. In Myxomycetes, edited by Steven L. Stephenson and Carlos Rojas". Academic Press. pp. 83–106.
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Fiore-Donno, A.; Clissmann, F.; Meyer, M.; Schnittler, M.; Cavalier-Smith, T. (2013). "Two-gene phylogeny of bright-spored myxomycetes (slime moulds, superorder lucisporidia)". PLoS.
592:
Stephenson, S.L. (2011). "From morphological to molecular: studies of Myxomycetes since the monograph of Martin and Alexopoulos". Vol. 50. Fungal Diversity. pp. 21–34.
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Chapter 7 - Taxonomy and Systematics: Current Knowledge and Approaches on the Taxonomic Treatment of Myxomycetes, In Myxomycetes, edited by Steven L. Stephenson and Carlos Rojas
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desired shape of the final capillitium, including potential branches and spirals. Proteins then accumulate within these vacuoles, hardening them to form the mature structure.
726:
Heherson, N.; et al. (2017). "Speciation in progress? A phylogenetic study among populations of Hemitrichia serpula(Myxomycetes)". Vol. 12. PLoS One. pp. 1–14.
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Stephenson, S.L. (2008). "Myxomycete diversity and distribution from the fossil record to the present". Vol. 17. Biodiversity & Conservation. pp. 285–301.
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Several species of Trichiales are considered some of the most common slime molds that can be observed in forests during the growing season. Species of the genera
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Dorfelt, H.; et al. (2003). "The oldest fossil myxogastroid slime mold". Vol. 107. Mycological Research. pp. 123–126.
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252:. It is known for its plasmodial form, which is seen as a distinct golden-yellow network of tubes. Due to its wide spread habitat,
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Martin, G.W. (1960). "The Systematic Position of the Myxomycetes". Vol. 52. Mycologia, JSTOR. pp. 119–129.
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Thomas H. MacBride first described the order as “Trichiales” in his second edition of
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are numerous and easy to locate in forests from spring to late fall. The genus
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which contains an extremely beautiful and well-known species called
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Dianemaceae, Perichaenaceae, Arcyriaceae, Prototrichiaceae
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657:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
617:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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603:Martin, G.W. and Alexopoulis, C. (1969).
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274:into the evolution of the Myxomycetes.
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607:. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press.
1425: Glutinoconcha
7:
2946:acac5a2f-ab0e-4b24-8d7a-4d082cca4a6b
2841:77445c4e-be8d-42c0-b3cc-4ead737f882d
524:. Academic Press. pp. 205–251.
535:Gordh, G.; Headrick, D.H. (2001).
520:Carlos Lado; Uno Eliasson (2017).
163:"Trichiales" comes from the Greek
14:
2668:
2667:
51:
455:The North American slime-moulds
185:The North American Slime Moulds
1:
705:. John Wiley & Sons,Inc.
282:It currently has 4 families:
567:. New York: Academic Press.
278:List of families and genera
3003:
537:A Dictionary of Entomology
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48:Scientific classification
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697:Alexopoulos, C. (1979).
458:(2nd ed.). p.
452:Macbride, T.H. (1922).
207:Description of organism
563:Olive,Lindsay (1975).
2317:Echinosteliopsidaceae
701:Introductory Mycology
16:Order of slime moulds
2309:Echinosteliopsidales
539:. Wallingford: CABI.
175:History of knowledge
254:Hemitrichia serpula
250:Hemitrichia serpula
228:Species of interest
40:Hemitrichia serpula
2673:Category:Amoebozoa
2296:Columellomycetidae
2176:Lucisporomycetidae
2046:(true slime molds)
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2008:Schizoplasmodiidae
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1411:Cryptodifflugiidae
1075:Mississippiellidae
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1492:Hyalospheniformes
1331:Pseudawerintzewia
1324:Protocucurbitella
927:Trichosphaeriidae
633:pp. 201–210.
269:within the genus
130:
129:
100:
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2180:(bright-spored)
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2013:Soliformoviidae
1998:Fractovitellida
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1500:Hyalospheniidae
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1007:Gephyramoebidae
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2845:
2835:
2822:
2809:
2796:
2783:
2770:
2757:
2744:
2731:
2718:
2702:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2650:
2643:
2636:
2629:
2622:
2615:
2612:Schoutedamoeba
2608:
2601:
2594:
2591:Penardochlamys
2587:
2580:
2573:
2566:
2559:
2552:
2545:
2538:
2531:
2524:
2517:
2510:
2502:
2500:
2498:incertae sedis
2494:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2430:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2416:Comatrichaceae
2413:
2407:
2405:
2403:Stemonitidales
2399:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2389:
2387:
2385:Meridermatales
2381:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2371:
2369:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2340:
2338:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2313:
2311:
2302:
2292:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2269:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2251:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2233:
2231:
2229:Reticulariales
2222:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2202:
2200:
2191:
2182:
2169:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2148:Ceratiomyxidae
2144:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2121:
2118:Coremiostelium
2114:
2109:
2103:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2084:Cavenderiaceae
2080:
2078:
2076:Acytosteliales
2069:
2068:
2060:
2058:
2049:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2005:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1928:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1890:
1888:Mastigamoebida
1884:
1882:
1873:
1859:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1851:
1849:Squamamoebidae
1846:
1841:
1835:
1833:
1824:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1795:Vexilliferidae
1792:
1786:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1763:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1740:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1728:
1723:
1717:
1715:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1692:
1687:
1681:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1664:
1658:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1635:
1633:
1624:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1614:
1608:
1606:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1541:Trigonopyxidae
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1512:
1510:
1509:Sphaerothecina
1506:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1496:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1440:Lesquereusidae
1436:
1434:
1427:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1406:Phryganellidae
1402:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1369:
1362:
1355:
1348:
1341:
1334:
1327:
1320:
1313:
1310:Proplagiopyxis
1306:
1299:
1292:
1285:
1278:
1271:
1264:
1257:
1250:
1243:
1236:
1229:
1222:
1215:
1208:
1205:Lamptoquadrula
1201:
1194:
1187:
1180:
1173:
1166:
1163:Geoplagiopyxis
1159:
1152:
1145:
1138:
1131:
1128:Ellipsopyxella
1124:
1117:
1110:
1103:
1096:
1089:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1066:
1064:
1062:incertae sedis
1055:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1021:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
988:
986:
977:
963:
962:
960:
959:
954:
952:Echinamoebidae
948:
946:
940:
939:
937:
936:
931:
930:
929:
918:
916:
907:
901:
900:
897:
896:
895:
894:
893:
892:
889:Mesomycetozoea
886:
881:
871:
861:
860:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
838:
837:
825:Diaphoretickes
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
789:
788:
785:
784:
779:
777:
776:
769:
762:
754:
746:
745:
729:
718:
711:
686:
664:
636:
624:
595:
581:
570:
542:
527:
497:
465:
432:
431:
429:
426:
425:
424:
417:
410:
403:
396:
389:
383:
382:
373:
372:
364:
363:
359:Minakatellidae
354:
353:
346:
338:
337:
328:
327:
320:
315:
308:
301:
293:
292:
279:
276:
262:
259:
229:
226:
208:
205:
176:
173:
160:
157:
151:in the phylum
128:
127:
120:Minakatellidae
107:
106:
102:
101:
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2999:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2960:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2941:
2937:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2906:
2902:
2897:
2891:
2887:
2882:
2876:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2855:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2836:
2832:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2723:
2719:
2714:
2708:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2686:
2674:
2666:
2665:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2577:Oscillosignum
2574:
2572:
2571:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2556:Malpighamoeba
2553:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2539:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2423:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2382:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2303:
2300:(dark-spored)
2297:
2293:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2273:Dianemataceae
2271:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2207:
2206:Cribrariaceae
2204:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2183:
2177:
2173:
2170:
2167:(Myxomycetes)
2164:
2160:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2050:
2042:
2036:
2032:
2026:
2025:Holomastigida
2023:
2021:
2018:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1993:Protosteliida
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1983:
1982:Phalansterium
1979:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1947:Darbyshirella
1944:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1874:
1870:
1864:
1860:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1844:Sapocribridae
1842:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1782:Dactylopodida
1779:
1773:
1772:Discamoebidae
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1744:Dermamoebidae
1742:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1727:
1726:Thecamoebidae
1724:
1722:
1721:Stenamoebidae
1719:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1662:Parvamoebidae
1660:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1654:Himatismenida
1651:
1645:
1644:Balamuthiidae
1642:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1631:Acanthopodida
1628:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1613:
1612:Stygamoebidae
1610:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1467:
1466:Plagiopyxidae
1464:
1462:
1461:Centropyxidae
1459:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1422:
1418:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1399:Phryganellina
1397:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1359:Suiadifflugia
1356:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1233:Microquadrula
1230:
1228:
1227:
1226:Meisterfeldia
1223:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1046:
1042:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1025:Nolandellidae
1023:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1002:Flabellulidae
1000:
998:
997:Rhizamoebidae
995:
993:
990:
989:
987:
985:
981:
978:
974:
968:
964:
958:
957:Vermamoebidae
955:
953:
950:
949:
947:
945:
944:Echinamoebida
941:
935:
932:
928:
925:
924:
923:
920:
919:
917:
915:
911:
908:
906:
902:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
876:
875:
872:
870:
867:
866:
865:
862:
858:
855:
853:
852:Stramenopiles
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
836:
833:
832:
831:
828:
827:
826:
823:
821:
818:
815:(major groups
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
795:
791:
790:
786:
782:
775:
770:
768:
763:
761:
756:
755:
752:
738:
736:
734:
730:
722:
719:
714:
712:9780471022145
708:
703:
702:
693:
691:
687:
679:
677:
675:
673:
671:
669:
665:
660:
654:
643:
641:
637:
628:
625:
620:
614:
606:
599:
596:
588:
586:
582:
574:
571:
566:
559:
557:
555:
553:
551:
549:
547:
543:
538:
531:
528:
523:
516:
514:
512:
510:
508:
506:
504:
502:
498:
490:
488:
486:
484:
482:
480:
478:
476:
474:
472:
470:
466:
461:
457:
456:
448:
446:
444:
442:
440:
438:
434:
427:
423:
422:
418:
416:
415:
411:
409:
408:
404:
402:
401:
397:
395:
394:
390:
388:
385:
384:
380:
379:
375:
374:
371:
370:
366:
365:
361:
360:
356:
355:
352:
351:
347:
345:
344:
340:
339:
335:
334:
330:
329:
326:
325:
321:
319:
316:
314:
313:
309:
307:
306:
302:
300:
299:
295:
294:
290:
289:
285:
284:
283:
277:
275:
272:
268:
261:Fossil record
260:
258:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
206:
204:
200:
196:
194:
190:
186:
181:
174:
172:
170:
166:
158:
156:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
126:
125:
121:
117:
116:Dianemataceae
113:
108:
103:
96:
93:
90:
89:
86:
83:
80:
79:
76:
73:
70:
69:
66:
63:
60:
59:
54:
49:
45:
42:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2865:
2697:
2652:
2645:
2640:Triaenamoeba
2638:
2631:
2624:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2596:
2589:
2582:
2575:
2568:
2563:Microcorycia
2561:
2554:
2547:
2540:
2533:
2526:
2519:
2512:
2507:Belonocystis
2505:
2497:
2455:Tasmaniomyxa
2453:
2358:Stemonitidia
2264:
2198:Cribrariales
2123:
2116:
2063:
2056:Dictyostelia
2020:Cavosteliida
2003:Acramoebidae
1980:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1911:
1904:
1897:
1893:Pelobiontida
1839:Idionectidae
1831:Squamocutida
1790:Paramoebidae
1749:Mayorellidae
1736:Dermamoebida
1713:Thecamoebida
1622:Centramoebia
1604:Stygamoebida
1526:Lamtopyxidae
1482:Heleoperidae
1454:Excentrosoma
1445:Difflugiidae
1433:Longithecina
1383:Organoconcha
1371:
1366:Trigonopyxis
1364:
1357:
1352:Sexangularia
1350:
1345:Schoenbornia
1343:
1338:Pseudonebela
1336:
1329:
1322:
1315:
1308:
1301:
1296:Pontigulasia
1294:
1287:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1261:Paraquadrula
1259:
1252:
1245:
1238:
1231:
1224:
1217:
1212:Leptochlamys
1210:
1203:
1196:
1189:
1182:
1177:Hoogenraadia
1175:
1168:
1161:
1156:Geamphorella
1154:
1147:
1140:
1135:Ellipsopyxis
1133:
1126:
1119:
1114:Conicocassis
1112:
1105:
1098:
1091:
1084:
1080:Shamkiriidae
1061:
992:Leptomyxidae
874:Opisthokonta
721:
700:
627:
604:
598:
573:
564:
536:
530:
521:
454:
419:
414:Prototrichia
412:
405:
398:
391:
386:
376:
367:
357:
348:
341:
331:
322:
317:
312:Arcyriatella
310:
303:
296:
286:
281:
270:
266:
264:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
231:
222:
218:
214:
210:
201:
197:
192:
188:
184:
182:
178:
168:
164:
162:
149:slime moulds
140:
132:
131:
110:
94:
38:
18:
2987:Myxogastria
2918:iNaturalist
2890:Wikispecies
2787:iNaturalist
2626:Subulamoeba
2605:Rhabdamoeba
2570:Microglomus
2535:Gibbodiscus
2528:Corallomyxa
2449:Physaraceae
2439:Didymiaceae
2278:Trichiaceae
2189:Cribariidia
2163:Myxogastria
2041:Eumycetozoa
1988:Flamellidae
1961:Ischnamoeba
1954:Dictyamoeba
1940:Arboramoeba
1933:Angulamoeba
1913:Rhizomastix
1899:Tricholimax
1880:Archamoebea
1767:Vannellidae
1704:Flabellinia
1531:Netzeliidae
1303:Prantlitina
1198:Lamptopyxis
1142:Erugomicula
1121:Cornuapyxis
1051:Arcellinida
984:Leptomyxida
400:Metatrichia
393:Hemitrichia
369:Minakatella
246:Hemitrichia
234:Hemitrichia
193:Trichiaceae
124:Trichiaceae
112:Arcyriaceae
85:Myxogastria
24:Trichiales
2976:Categories
2698:Trichiales
2633:Thecochaos
2619:Stereomyxa
2542:Hartmannia
2426:Physarales
2265:Trichiales
2220:Trichiidia
2125:Synstelium
1968:Heliamoeba
1759:Vannellida
1690:Goceviidae
1685:Pellitidae
1536:Arcellidae
1475:Volnustoma
1373:Wailesella
1289:Pomoriella
1275:Physochila
1268:Pentagonia
1240:Nabranella
1170:Geopyxella
1149:Frenopyxis
1017:Euamoebida
922:Trichosida
428:References
378:Trichiidae
333:Dianemidae
324:Perichanea
288:Arcyriidae
257:of miles.
137:synonymous
133:Trichiales
95:Trichiales
2896:Trichiida
2866:Trichiida
2713:Q18426766
2584:Parmulina
2549:Malamoeba
2255:Liceaceae
1975:Filamoeba
1906:Entamoeba
1677:Pellitida
1219:Maghrebia
1107:Armipyxis
1030:Amoebidae
914:Corycidia
905:Tubulinea
869:Amoebozoa
847:Alveolata
835:Cryptista
810:Eukaryota
781:Amoebozoa
653:cite news
613:cite book
407:Oligonema
159:Etymology
153:Amoebozoa
141:Trichiida
105:Families
75:Amoebozoa
65:Eukaryota
2905:Fungorum
2875:Wikidata
2826:MycoBank
2761:Fungorum
2707:Wikidata
2654:Zonomyxa
2514:Boveella
2247:Liceales
2065:Coenonia
1924:Variosea
1595:Discosea
1100:Argynnia
1093:Apolimia
1086:Acipyxis
864:Amorphea
842:Rhizaria
830:Hacrobia
820:Excavata
805:Bacteria
387:Calonema
343:Calomyxa
318:Cornuvia
298:Acryodes
143:) is an
99:T.Macbr.
71:Phylum:
61:Domain:
2881:Q604358
2521:Biomyxa
1822:Cutosea
1247:Oopyxis
973:Elardia
879:Animals
800:Archaea
421:Trichia
350:Dianema
305:Arcyria
271:Arcyria
242:Arcyria
238:Trichia
169:trichos
91:Order:
81:Class:
2959:582251
2943:NZOR:
2923:332102
2854:982687
2838:NZOR:
2753:1TRICO
2727:377843
1869:Conosa
1813:Evosea
1184:Jungia
857:Plants
794:Domain
709:
2954:WoRMS
2910:90811
2831:90452
2818:13777
2805:11006
2800:IRMNG
2792:56259
2766:90452
884:Fungi
165:thrix
145:order
139:with
2813:ITIS
2779:1296
2774:GBIF
2748:EPPO
2722:BOLD
2647:Unda
707:ISBN
659:link
619:link
240:and
191:and
2931:NBN
2740:495
2735:CoL
460:237
167:or
147:of
2978::
2956::
2933::
2920::
2907::
2892::
2877::
2851::
2828::
2815::
2802::
2789::
2776::
2763::
2750::
2737::
2724::
2709::
732:^
689:^
667:^
655:}}
651:{{
639:^
615:}}
611:{{
584:^
545:^
500:^
468:^
436:^
236:,
891:)
773:e
766:t
759:v
715:.
661:)
621:)
462:.
135:(
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