Tripartite (theology) - Knowledge (XXG)

595:, p. 3.).” For Aquinas, “it is natural to ascribe the desire of the finite for the infinite to the human spirit.” Luther identifies the human spirit as “the highest, deepest, noblest part of man, by which he is able to grasp incomprehensible, invisible, and eternal things.” “It soon came to be felt, however, that such a view could not be held in conjunction with the main emphasis of the Reformation." The longing for God, even though unconscious, obscure or misinterpreted, in unregenerated man clashed with the Reformers’ understanding of total depravity. They reasoned that since man is spiritually dead, he is totally passive and cannot even aspire for God. Thus “man was to all intents and purposes ‘de-spirited’.” However, this reduced man to an inanimate object, like a stone or tree, and severely undermined man’s humanity. Man was "a kind of unfeeling and inept material that had to be moved from one place to another." The doctrine of sola gratia, under the influence of Augustine's understanding of grace, undermined human freedom by stressing that grace is not merely indispensable but irresistible. "Fundamentally, the objection was that Augustine had resolved the paradox of inevitability and responsibility at the expense of responsibility, and that he glorified grace by belittling nature and free will." Hendry, a Reformed theologian, and other trichotomists do not see any necessary conflict between man possessing a distinct, created human spirit and the sovereignty of grace, so long as "the nature of spirit and its activity be properly understood." 3612:, Vol 2, p. 936-937. "Sensual- we have no English word for the quality here implied in the Greek word psychikos; and our biblical psychology is, by this defect, entirely at fault. The psyche is the center of the personal being, the 'I' of each individual. It is in each man bound to the spirit, man's higher part, and to the body, man's lower part; drawn upwards by the one, downwards by the other. He who gives himself up to the lower appetites, is fleshly; he who by communion of his spirit with God's Spirit is employed in the higher aims of his being, is spiritual. He who rests midway, thinking only of self and self's interests, is the psychikos, the selfish man, the man in whom the spirit is sunk and degraded into subordination to the subordinate psyche... Not having spirit- not directly the Holy Spirit of God, but the higher spiritual life of man's spirit in communion with the Holy Spirit. These men have not indeed ceased to have a spirit, as a part of their own tripartite nature: but they have ceased to possess it in any worthy sense: it is degraded beneath and under the power of the psyche, the personal life, so as to have no real vitality of its own. 607:

portions spirit, soul, and body... In the tabernacle fashioned by Moses there were three separate compartments. The first was called the holy of holies: here was God's dwelling place, and in it there was no light. The second was called the holy place; here stood a candle-stick with seven arms and seven lamps. The third was called the outer court; this lay under the open sky and in the full light of the sun. In this tabernacle we have a figure of the Christian man. His spirit is the holy of holies, where God dwells in the darkness of faith, where no light is; for he believes that which he neither sees nor feels nor comprehends. His soul is the holy place, with its seven lamps, that is, all manner of reason, discrimination, knowledge, and understanding of visible and bodily things. His body is the forecourt, open to all, so that men may see his works and manner of life.

3392:, p. 532. "For that flesh which has been moulded is not a perfect man in itself, but the body of a man, and part of a man. Neither is the soul itself, considered apart by itself, the man; but it is the soul of a man, and part of a man. Neither is the spirit a man, for it is called the spirit, and not a man; but the commingling and union of all these constitutes the perfect man." p. 534. "There are three things out of which, as I have shown, the complete man is composed- flesh, soul, and spirit. One of these does indeed preserve and fashion - this is the spirit; while as to another it is united and formed- that is the flesh; then that which is between these two- that is the soul, which sometimes indeed, when it follows the spirit, is raised up by it, but sometimes it sympathizes with the flesh, and falls into carnal lusts." 2519:, p. 109. "And as for the essential condition of man, I certainly agree entirely with the view that the spirit and soul of man are distinguished as primary and secondary, but not with the view that spirit and soul are substantially one and the same... there occur to us two New Testament passages (viz. 1 Thess. v. 23 and Heb. iv. 12) which here claim special consideration, because they denominate, not only casually but designedly, the condition of man's being; and their logically rigid trichotomic mode of expression cannot be summarily set aside with the assertion, that in them is meant the condition of man's life, and especially of the Christian's life, not in relation to its three distinct elements, but assuming the existence of only two elements, only in reference to its three distinct relations." 562:, after Pelagius, used the distinction to teach that "the spirit is excepted from the original sin which affected the body and soul" and that therefore, human nature is essentially good and retains genuine freedom in the will to initiate salvation. Contrary to Pelagius' view of human nature, Augustine taught that, because of original sin, the human nature we receive at birth has been "wounded, hurt, damaged, destroyed" and that, therefore, man is incapable of doing or desiring good apart from the sovereignty of grace. In maintaining the doctrine of original sin against the Pelagian party, Augustine ultimately held to the dichotomist conception of man and thought it safer to pass by the distinction of soul and spirit as an "unprofitable distinction". 348:

only gradually unfolded in Scripture, so we may expect it to be with the trichotomy of man's nature, spirit, soul, and body. As in the case of the doctrine of the Trinity it was not fully understood until the Spirit was given, so the distinction of Psyche and Pneuma is implied rather than taught when the race was still in its spiritual infancy....It would be out of harmony with the “analogy of the faith,” if the tripartite nature of man were fully described in those books of the Bible which only contain implied hints of the plurality of persons in the Godhead. All we shall see of the subject will confirm this view of the harmonious way in which doctrines and duties, the nature of God and the nature of man, are unfolded together.

381:, two factors shaped and "enlarged the semantic domain of the Greek and Hebrew words for the parts of man" and set the stage for a more complete and accurate understanding of the nature of man. The first factor was Greek philosophy. The Greek philosophers, unlike the Greek poets, clearly distinguished the material from the immaterial part of man, defined the functions of the soul in more precise terms, and in general expanded the vocabulary for the parts of man. The second factor was the translation of the Septuagint. The translators of the Septuagint incorporated the linguistic developments of the Greek philosophers into the biblical revelation when they translated the Hebrew into Greek. 549:

the root error of the Gnostics), or confounded in a semi-pantheistic way the human Pneuma with the divine, which, in the case of Origen and Apollinaris, led to distinct heresies, which the Church afterwards formally condemned. The consequence of this was, that in the reaction against these errors, the Latin Church generally, as guided by Augustine and Jerome, rejected altogether the distinction between Psyche and Pneuma, for which the Latin tongue was not flexible enough to find equivalents, and so the usual dichotomy of man into body and soul only became the prevailing view throughout the West.

2668:, p. 68. "It would have been contrary to the proportion of faith that there should have been a complete psychology before there was a complete theology. The Holy Ghost was not given, for Jesus was not yet glorified; and as the sphere of the Spirit's operation is in the pneuma, witnessing to our spirits that we are the sons of God, it is only what we might expect that the intimations of the existence of the one should be as enigmatic as those of the other. Till the person of the Holy Ghost was explicitly taught, His sphere of operation was not disclosed." 3910:, p. 107. "Is it not clear then that the ark divided into three stories more than hints at our threefold salvation in Christ? The salvation which we have in Christ is a threefold one, and that in a double sense. It is a salvation which embraces each part of our threefold constitution, making provision for the redemption of our spirit, and soul, and body (1 Thes. 5:23); and further, our salvation is a three tense salvation—we have been saved from the penalty of sin, are being saved from the power of sin, we shall yet be saved from the presence of sin." 414:(body), with nous being the noblest part of the soul. When Plato does speak of spirit (thumos not the pneuma of Paul) he means something essentially different from Paul. The three parts of man are not equivalent for Plato and Paul and the master faculty for Plato (nous) is a subordinate faculty for Paul. "To discredit trichotomy by a similarity with Platonism confuses similarity with source. One could likewise attribute the source of the dichotomist view with Greek dichotomy (mater and spirit); some writers have argued for such a connection." 446:

soul is "rhetorical tautology". They claim that if 1 Thessalonians 5:23 proves that man is composed of three parts, then Mark 12:30 must prove that man is made of four parts since Jesus enumerates heart, soul, mind, strength. However, trichotomists see only three parts here based on their understanding of how the Bible uses the terms heart, soul, and mind. The heart is a composition of the soul plus the conscience, and the mind is the leading part of the soul. Thus, Mark 12:30 is well within the parameters of a tripartite view of man.

2419:, p. 42-43. "The Lord God breathed into his nostrils the breath of lives. We speak of the formal and efficient cause as one, not because we wish to confound the agent with the instrument , but because the instrument is in this case of the same nature as the agent. The Lord God is the efficient cause—doubtless the Holy Spirit, the Lord and giver of life. But the instrument He uses is the breath of lives. It is clear that the breath is here of the same nature as the Being who breathes it." 340:. As with Genesis 2:7, other verses in the Old Testament directly correlate man's spirit (ruach) with God's breath (neshamah) (Job 27:3; 32:8; 33:4; 34:14). However, the revelation of the human spirit is obscure in the Old Testament, as is the revelation of the Holy Spirit or the Trinity. Not until the New Testament is the nature of God fully and explicitly revealed and likewise not until the New Testament (especially the Epistles) is the nature of man fully and explicitly revealed. 2681:, p. 69. "If this be so, then we are prepared to expect the same reticence of the Old Testament with regard to the spirit of man as with regard to the personality of the blessed Spirit of God. The psychology of the Old Testament is incomplete, even as its theology is, and in the same degree. The deeper insight given in our dispensation into the operations of the Godhead correspond to and prepare the way for a deeper insight into the operations of our own inner nature." 162:). The question is whether Genesis 2:7 refers to two or to three distinct facts and thus whether Genesis 2:7 describes two or three distinct parts of man's constitution. Trichotomists believe that God's breath of life, when breathed into man's body of dust, became man's human spirit. Proverbs 20:27 uses the same Hebrew word (neshamah) for the spirit of man, indicating that God's breathe of life and man's spirit are closely related. George Boardman describes the Divine 2642:, p. ix. "The Bible is a progressive unfolding of truth. Nothing is told all at once, and once for all. The law is, 'first the blade, then the ear, after that the full corn.' Without the possibility of collusion, often with centuries between, one writer of Scripture takes up an earlier revelation, adds to it, lays down the pen, and in due time another man moved by the Holy Spirit, and another, and another, add new details till the whole is complete." 591:

this longing of the human spirit as a longing for the divine Spirit of God and thus established a correlation between philosophy and theology. This insatiable longing was seen as the “index of an ontological orientation of the creature toward the Creator." Augustine famously expressed this longing in his Confessions when he said, “Thou has made us for Thyself and our hearts are restless till they rest in Thee (Augustine,

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of all true anthropology and psychology." John Bickford Heard refers to Genesis 2:7 as a revelation of the material cause, the formal or efficient cause, and the final cause of man's threefold nature. The material cause—the Lord God formed man from the dust of the ground. The formal or efficient cause—God breathed into his nostrils the breath (

2485:, so of the parts. The τελος in the first compound suggests the end, which is our whole sanctification; the κληρος, of the second, suggests the means, that we may be sanctified in every part. Sanctification thus rests on these two conditions, that the Holy Spirit shall possess each of the three parts of our nature, and' possess them entirely." 2315:, p. 47-48. "It is referred to in Gen. 2:7, in such terms that we cannot fail to see that an exact system of psychology is here alluded to... We may amplify and illustrate the psychology of Gen. 2:7, but here is substantially, and in the fewest possible words, all that we know of the sources of man's nature and their union-point, the soul." 3867:, p. 209. "Christ wrought out for man upon Calvary's Cross salvation of spirit, soul, and body, from the dominion of sin and Satan; but that full salvation is wrought out in the believer through the central action of the will, as he deliberately chooses the will of God for each department of his tripartite nature." 599:

to speak for the dichotomist idea of man's material and nonmaterial nature as the two parts of his being." In his Biblical Psychology, Delitzsch also ascribes the trichotomous view to Luther, in an appendix entitled "Luther's Trichotomy" where he quotes at length Luther's commentary on the Magnificat.

3806:, p. 16-17. "The terms 'inner man' and 'outer man', or their equivalents, are employed in modern psychology, but the psychology of the Bible is more analytical inasmuch as it indicates a subdivision of the invisible part of man, thus teaching us that man is not dichotomous but is a trichotomous being. 598:

Among the Reformers, Luther stands out, possibly, as a major exception to the prevailing dichotomist view. Pelikan has noted that in Luther's writings there is support for the “trichotomist idea of human nature as made up of body, soul, and spirit; but there are also places in his writings which seem

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However, there arose, primarily, three historical errors, the fear of which have caused a "prejudice against trichotomy": the pseudo-Gnostic view, the Apollinarian error, and the semi-Pelagian error. "But", Delitzsch argues, "in the face of all these errors, its opponents must confess that man may be

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The Works of the Rev. P. Doddridge, Volume 9 (1805). "May the God of peace himself... sanctify you entirely, in all the parts of your nature; and your whole constitution, or frame, your rational spirit, your animal soul, and your body, animated by it, may be so kept blameless....It is very evident,

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With the Reformers, the rejection of trichotomy stems from an apparent incompatibility with their doctrine of sovereign grace, following Augustine. Since Plato, the conception of the human spirit involved an aspiration (eros) for the beautiful, good, and eternal. Early Christians similarly expressed

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employed it in a manner impinging on the perfect humanity of Jesus, the tripartite view of man was gradually discredited by association. Apart from this heretical doctrine, which was condemned at the First Council of Constantinople in A.D. 381, Apollinaris was an orthodox theologian and contemporary

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A full treatment of man's nature must consider the New Testament use of such words as flesh, body, spirit, soul, heart, mind, and conscience. For instance, dichotomists often dismiss the distinction between soul and spirit in 1 Thessalonians 5:23 as a piling up of terms for emphasis, that spirit and

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According to trichotomists, the full anthropology of man and the proper distinction between his inward parts (Psa. 51:6) while latent in the Old Testament, do not receive a clear treatment until the New Testament. Genesis 2:7 "rather implies than asserts the trichotomy of spirit, soul, and body" and

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Proponents of the tripartite view claim that this verse spells out clearly the three components of the human, emphasized by the descriptors of "whole" and "completely". Opponents argue that spirit and soul are merely a repetition of synonyms, a common form used elsewhere in scripture to add the idea

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The Greek Fathers, generally speaking, understood the psychology of Scripture aright; but unfortunately confounding the Platonic Logos or Nous with the Pneuma of the New Testament, they either distinguished the pneumatical and psychical as the intellectual and the carnal man respectively (which was

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Trichotomists see in Genesis 2:7 the first implications of the constituents of man's nature. Delitzsch, commenting on this passage, says, "We cannot consider with sufficient care Gen. 2:7; for this one verse is of such deep significance that interpretation can never exhaust it: it is the foundation

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Although the classical Greek writers did not arrive at the same realization as the New Testament writers, their use of certain key words in Greek gave the New Testament writers a greater and more precise vocabulary to work with in describing the parts of man. After Plato and Aristotle, there was a

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The relation between body and soul itself wasn't clear to the ancients, much less the relation between soul and spirit. The physiology and psychology of the Hebrew and the Archaic Greek world was speculative, and so, reasoning on imperfect data, they spoke of various physical organs as the seat of

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We have only another caution to make before entering on our task; it is that revelation being a progressive manifestation of the truth of God, the discovery of man's nature must also be progressive. In the same way that the plurality of Persons in the Godhead, and their relation to each other, was

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Augustine's immense influence on the history of Western Christian thought, in form and content, swayed decisively the decision for the dichotomous view of man. Heard says, "the authority of Augustine decided the course of the Western Church in rejecting the distinction as mystical, and tending to

3366:, Vol. 4, p. 289. "It appears that the soul is something intermediate between the weak flesh and the willing spirit." Vol. 4, p. 359. "For as man is said to consist of body, and soul, and spirit, so also does sacred Scripture, which has been granted by the divine bounty for the salvation of man." 270:

Proponents of the tripartite view claim that this verse spells out that there is a clear difference between soul and spirit, though they may be so intertwined and similar that they would be hard to separate without scriptural clarity. Opponents argue that there is no real separation here (though

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Scripture divides man into three parts, as says St Paul (1 Thess. 5:23)... And every one of these three, together with the entire man, is also divided in another way into two portions, which are there called Spirit and Flesh. Which division is not natural, but attributive; i.e. nature has three

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Had Augustine but recognized the trichotomy, and taught that the ruach, or pneuma, or spiritus—i.e. the inspired and Godlike part of man—was deadened by the fall, and that in that state of spiritual injury a propagation of soul and body from Adam to his posterity must ex traduce carry with it a

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which is used to refer to the human spirit (ruach can mean "wind", "breath", or "spirit" depending on the context; cf. Ezek. 37:1–14 where ruach is translated as all three). In the Old Testament basar occurs 266 times, nephesh occurs 754 times, and ruach occurs 378 times with at least 100 times

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At the turn of the 19th century in Germany, there was a major resurgence of interest in the tripartite view of man (see chart). Hendry accounts the initial thrust of this resurgence to philosophical concerns. "The development of the philosophy of spirit in post-Kantian idealism, originating in

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Trichotomists believe that a tripartite view of man is clearly taught throughout the New Testament (see the Scriptural Basis section above). The writers of the New Testament, like the writers of the Old Testament, consistently use three primary words to describe the components of man's nature:

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emerged is itself witness that the early church held the tripartite view of man according to Pester. This heresy taught that in Christ the human spirit was replaced by pure, divine Logos. If the early church taught that man consisted only of body and soul, this heresy never could have gained

2789:"Plato openly put forward a challenging theory according to which he allocates to the psyche a tripartite structure, according to different goal directed actions (both rational and irrational); these are not oriented only towards good, but towards honor or pleasure as well." Calian, George. 397:

Dichotomists often argue against the tripartite view of man by discrediting it through its apparent connection with Platonism. However, Plato and the Greek philosophers, strictly speaking, were dichotomists. Plato did divide man into three parts, but his trichotomy was different from Paul's

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After salvation, the soul is trying to follow the spirit. The spirit is known to be the new man or new nature. At the same time, it is trying not to follow the old man or old nature (body). The soul can either follow the spirit and do what’s right or follow the body and do what’s wrong.

2498:. "Wholly: Or entirely, thoroughly, to the consummation. God sanctifies us wholly, so that no part of our being, of either our spirit or soul or body, will be left common or profane. Complete: God not only sanctifies us wholly but also preserves our spirit, soul, and body complete. 196:

12 Now we have received, not the spirit of the world, but the Spirit who is from God, that we might know the things freely given to us by God, 13 which things we also speak, not in words taught by human wisdom, but in those taught by the Spirit, bringing together spiritual (men,

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The Holy Bible According to the Authorized Version (A.D. 1611): With an Explanatory & Critical Commentary & a Revision of the Translation, by Bishops & Other Clergy of the Anglican Church. Vol. 3. New York: Scribner, Armstrong &, 1881. pp. 258, 330–331, 729–730.

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Apollinaris, therefore, taught the deity of Christ, but denied the completeness (teleiotes) of his humanity, and, taking his departure from the Nicene postulate of the homoousion, ran into the Arian heresy, which likewise put the divine Logos in the place of the human spirit in

2655:, p. 168. "The progressive character of divine revelation is recognized in relation to all the great doctrines of the Bible. .. What at first is only obscurely intimated is gradually unfolded in subsequent parts of the sacred volume until the truth is revealed in its fulness." 2367:, p. 63. "The breath of life is not God Himself, God's life, or God's Spirit. But it is very close to God, very close to the life of God, and very close to the Spirit of God... The breath of life produced the spirit. Actually, it was the breath of life becoming the spirit." 3513:

that the apostle, in the following words, refers to a notion which... prevailed among the rabbies as well as the philosophers, that the person of a man was constituted of three distinct substances, the rational spirit, the animal soul, and the visible body." p. 536.

3340:, Vol 2, p. 70. "We recognize two varieties of spirit, one of which is called the soul, but the other is greater than the soul, an image and likeness of God: both existed in the first men, that in one sense they might be material, and in another superior to matter." 353:

thought, feeling, and decision. The heart primarily was the seat of thought and feeling, the kidneys the seat of reflection (Psa. 16:7; 26:2; Prov. 23:6), and the bowels the seat of affection (Gen. 43:30; Phil. 1:8). It wasn't until the Alexandrian physicians (e.g.

2445:, p. 73-74. "The apostle had desired that the very God of peace should sanctify them wholly, ολοτελεις. The word ολοτελής, which occurs nowhere else in the New Testament, is clearly contrasted with the following ολοκληρον, and the contrast is that between 2629:

p. 327. "Since the course of Divine revelation has ever been marked by a progressive unfolding of what it had always germinally contained, it is reasonable to believe that the Pentateuch is to be explained by the Epistles, not the Epistles by the

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The tripartite view of man was considered an orthodox interpretation in the first three centuries of the church and many of the early church fathers (see Supporters of a Tripartite View chart) taught that man is made up of body, soul, and spirit.

2354:, p. 147. "He then breathed into this form the creature spirit, which, because it originated after the manner of breathing, may just as well be called His spirit as man's spirit, because it is His breath made into the spirit of man." 4005:, p. 260. "Quite clearly then, the spirit is distinct from the soul, or else these verses add up to tautological nonsense. We therefore conclude that man is not dichotomic (to use the technical theological term)but trichotomic." 2532:, p. 111-112. "The author of the Epistle to the Hebrews, in naming (ch. iv. 12) ψυχη and πνευμα in juxtaposition, as composing the immaterial substance of human nature, announces a trichotomic view of the nature of man." 300:"For I delight in the law of God after the inward man; but I see a different law in my members, warring against the law of my mind, and bringing me into captivity under the law of sin which is in my members." 623:

Germany, may be interpreted historically as a revolt against the suppression of the spirit in Protestant theology; for it was in its initial intention an affirmation, or reaffirmation, of the human spirit."

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there must be some difference, at least in emphasis, if two different words are used), but the two are only used as a metaphor of things hard to differentiate, like the thoughts and intentions of the heart.

261:"For the word of God is alive and active. Sharper than any double-edged sword, it penetrates even to dividing soul and spirit, joints and marrow; it judges the thoughts and attitudes of the heart." ( 166:

and the human pneuma as "constitutionally akin" while Heard ascribes to them the same nature. For Michael Schmaus and most trichotomists, the human spirit is the focal point of the image of God.

251:; 3.1, 3). Each is driven or controlled by some aspect of their being, whether the spirit, the soul or the flesh. If the spirit and soul are identical, Paul's argument is meaningless. 570:

defective, and hence a diseased constitution, his refutation of Pelagius would have been sufficiently convincing, without hurrying him into an exaggeration in the opposite extreme...

209:) does not accept the things of the Spirit of God; for they are foolishness to him, and he cannot understand them, because they are spiritually appraised. 15 But the spiritual man ( 226:), as to infants in Christ. 2 (I gave you) milk to drink, not solid food, for you were not yet able (to receive it), for even now you are not yet able, 3 for you are still carnal ( 3494:. "I called with my whole heart, says the Psalmist, that is, with body, soul, and spirit. For where the two last are gathered together, there God is in the midst of them" (28.61) 2942:, p. 5. "With the error of Apollinaris, who denied to Christ a human pneuma, the reaction came, and the trichotomy fell into disfavor, and was neglected even in the East." 582:

Interest in the human spirit waned in the mediaeval church, "whose tendencies were scholastic rather than exegetical, and whose philosophy was thoroughly Aristotelian."

213:) appraises all things, yet he himself is appraised by no man. 16 For "who has known the mind of the Lord, that he should instruct Him?" But we have the mind of Christ. 3635:

The article on Resurrection is where the support lies. It is written by Rev. Daniel Raynes Goodwin, but as Smith is the general editor, he seems to condone this view.

145: 176:"And the God of peace himself sanctify you wholly; and may your spirit and soul and body be preserved entire, without blame at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ." ( 579:, concludes that "the denial of a created spirit in man, both in ancient and in modern theology, is bound up with a one-sided, Augustinian conception of grace." 234:), and are you not walking like mere men? 4 For when someone says on the one hand, “I am of Paul,” but another, “I am of Apollos,” are you (acting like) men? 2393:, p. 106. Although, this does not mean that man possesses a spark of divinity or that between God and fallen human beings there is some continuous element. 565:

Heard, however, argues that the distinction of soul and spirit "so far from making void the doctrine of original sin, actually confirms and explains it":

2469:) in every part. The complete sanctification of the believer thus suggests those parts of man's nature that the Divine Spirit is to enter and entirely ( 281:" in whom ye were also circumcised with a circumcision not made with hands, in the putting off of the body of the flesh, in the circumcision of Christ;" 2506:

is qualitative. Quantitatively, God sanctifies us wholly; qualitatively, God preserves us complete, i.e., He keeps our spirit, soul, and body perfect."

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traction. Some theologians believe that Apollinaris himself, however, confused the Pauline trichotomy with the Platonic trichotomy by confounding the

3989: 402:). He conceived of man's soul as consisting of an appetitive, irascible (spirited), and rational element. In Timaeus 30 he also divided man into 169: 239:

In this passage, the Apostle Paul divides men into three categories based on their responses to apostolic teaching: those who are spiritual (

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After Apollinarianism was condemned at Constantinople in A.D. 381, another heresy tarnished the Pauline distinction of soul and spirit. The

144:"Then the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul." ( 399: 2855:, p. 208. "In the New Testament, especially in the Pauline writings, the psychologic mode of expression is much sharper and profounder." 336:

must be "illuminated by the light of subsequent Scriptures" to reveal its full import. This corresponds with what many theologians call

337: 274: 3937: 3514: 52: 1267: 85: 3847: 4300: 137: 293: 1162: 4188:

The Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine, Vol. 1: The Emergence of the Catholic Tradition (100–600)

3843:, Ch 5. "This threefold composition of man is implied everywhere in the Word of God, and sometimes is distinctly stated." 2573: 2432:, p. 332. "It is in his spirit that man is the image of God, that he bears the lineaments of God, that he is akin to God." 1467: 1289: 4280: 2259: 1594: 1039: 31: 2729:, p. 27-36. Heard goes into a lengthy discussion on the differences in view between the Greek philosophers and poets. 3936:, p. 24-28. On p. 26- "Man, then, is a trinity; spirit, soul, and body are the integral parts of his triune being." 1924: 1435: 1332: 262: 177: 442:

In the New Testament, finer distinctions can be made between the functions and relations of man's inward parts.

439:, used 385 times total in the New Testament, refers to the human spirit in approximately 80 of those instances. 189: 56: 3623: 1616: 1903: 1509: 1431: 1391: 863: 500: 398:

trichotomy in essence, function, and primacy. Plato's divisions were a tripartite division of the soul (See

378: 107: 3828: 3894: 2276: 2251: 2007: 1945: 1427: 1059: 3531: 1531: 1353: 884: 733: 476: 4263: 491:

regarded trichotomically, without in the least degree implying the adoption of such erroneous views."

2271: 1572: 1488: 1413: 928: 323:(flesh), which refers to the external, material aspect of man (mostly in emphasizing human frailty); 119: 3790: 2790: 4295: 1860: 3640: 3379:, p.172-181. Lubac offers a lengthy analysis of the source of Origen's anthropological trichotomy. 2473:, i.e. inwardly) sanctify by His indwelling power. If sanctification is to be complete as to the 1310: 775: 640: 99: 3322:, Vol 1, p. 298. "For the body is the house of the soul; and the soul the house of the spirit." 126:), where soul and spirit are taken as different terms for the same entity (the spiritual soul). 3503:

Martin Luther, Luther's Works, ed., Jaroslar Pelikan (St. Louis: Concordia, 1956), 21:303–304.

2765: 1821: 1225: 1120: 906: 468: 3747: 3682: 2255: 1079: 975: 953: 754: 575:

deprave the doctrine of man's fall and corruption." George S. Hendry in a chapter entitled,

484: 464: 4033:. Ed. Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson. Reprint. 10 Vols. Peabody: Hendrickson, 1994. 3851: 1986: 1800: 1445: 559: 3323: 487:, and Basil of Cesaraea, all held to the distinction firmly according to its supporters. 254: 389:

richer array of words to describe the inward parts of man, particularly the mind (e.g.,

4305: 2207: 2165: 1965: 1882: 1699: 1677: 1203: 656: 3844: 319:

The Old Testament consistently uses three primary words to describe the parts of man:

4289: 2831: 2555: 2453:, complete and entire. In the one case the apostle prays that their salvation may be 1017: 996: 689: 632: 472: 1093:

A Paraphrase and Notes on the First Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Thessalonians

63: 4275: 2293: 2048: 1720: 1656: 612: 525: 354: 67: 3427: 3402: 3103:

Modern day exegetes have interpreted Eccl. 3:11 and Hag. 2:7 along similar lines.

2088: 1760: 1141: 616: 4113:"Is Man Tripartite or Bipartite?" Catholic Answers. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 May 2017. 4068:. Trans. Robert E. Wallis. 2nd, English ed. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1885. 505: 358: 111: 4110:. Ed. Edward N. Gross. Abridged ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1992. 3478: 1217:

History of the Planting and Training of the Christian Church by the Apostles

369:) that a more accurate understanding of man's inward parts began to emerge. 366: 287: 123: 17: 3639:. Rev. and edited by H.B. Hackett & Ezra Abbot, Vol. 4. 1870, p. 2712 841: 819: 456: 230:). For since there is jealousy and strife among you, are you not carnal ( 4183:. Trans. George Edward Day. 2nd ed. New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1884. 2250:

A form of trichotomy is also held in Latter Day Saint theology. In the

1979:

The Great Change, Regeneration, Or, The New Birth, Gleanings in Genesis

611:

Others, including John Bickford Heard, George Boardman, James Stalker,

435:, used 105 times, refers to the psycho-logical aspect of humanity; and 4200:

Pester, John. "The Human Spirit in the Experience of the Triune God."

4153:

History and Spirit: The Understanding of Scripture According to Origen

328: 324: 320: 159: 155: 3142:, ed., Jaroslav Pelikan. St. Louis: Concordia, 1956. Vol. 21, p. 303. 2281: 797: 711: 480: 460: 436: 432: 428: 424: 411: 407: 403: 390: 163: 327:, which refers to the soul as well as the whole person or life; and 110:) holds that humankind is a composite of three distinct components: 362: 218:

3:1 And I, brothers, could not speak to you as to spiritual men (

4269: 2287: 115: 1877:

Gordon R. Lewis and Bruce A. Demarest in Integrative Theology

36: 4251:

Man as Spirit, Soul, and Body: A Study of Biblical Psychology

1776:

Watchman Nee in Spiritual Man & Latent Power of the Soul

431:

about 129 times), refers to the physical aspect of humanity;

4125:

Firstfruits and Harvest: A Study in Resurrection and Rapture

3528:

History of the Planting and Training of the Christian Church

1134:

St. Seraphim of Sarov's Conversation with Nicholas Motovilov

4132:

Didymus the Blind and His Circle in Late-antique Alexandria

2766:

http://www.internationalstandardbible.com/P/psychology.html

2258:

states: "And the spirit and the body are the soul of man" (

619:

have used the tabernacle to illustrate the tripartite man.

4253:. Pigeon Forge, TN.: Grace Fellowship International, 2007. 3787:

Dispensational Truth or God's Plan and Purpose in the Ages

1814:

Dispensational Truth or God's Plan and Purpose in the Ages

134:

The primary proof texts for this position are as follows:

4127:. Miami Springs, FL: Conley & Schoettle Pub., 1985. 4047:. Trans. F. J. Sheed. Indianapolis: Hackett Pub., 1993. 3584:

Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament

1608:"The Scriptural Anthropology." Baptist Quarterly Vol. 1 1303:

Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament

728:

Van Oosterzee; A Dictionary of Early Christian Beliefs

2792:

Plato's Psychology of Action and the Origin of Agency

1112:

Outlines of Psychology drawn from the Holy Scriptures

158:) of life. The final cause—man became a living soul ( 898:

Commentary on Ecclesiastes; Commentary on the Psalms

4057:Boardman, George D. "The Scriptural Anthropology." 4232:. New York and London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1914. 4085:Good, Roger. "The Progressive Revelation of Man." 3735:Biblico-theological Lexicon of New Testament Greek 2832:http://www.gracenotebook.com/pub/2,id,89,sv,1.html 1691:Biblico-theological Lexicon of New Testament Greek 1239:Opuscula Theologica and Commentary on 1 Thes. 5:23 3426:Patrologia Graeca 39:1256B, 1324A, 1400A, 1577C. 4148:. 2nd ed. Anaheim: Living Stream Ministry, 1988. 4078:Good, Roger. "The Parts of Man in Translation." 3746:Scofield Reference Bible, Note on 1 Thes. 5:23. 2528:Delitzsch quoting Eduard Karl August Riehm in 939:Church Father and Archbishop of Constantinople 4096:. 2nd ed. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1868. 361:) and the Classical Greek philosophers (e.g. 8: 4016:Christian Theology A Systematic Presentation 2241:Christian Theology A Systematic Presentation 2062:The Spiritual Man, The Release of the Spirit 247:; 2.14) and the Corinthians who are carnal ( 4120:. 5th, revised ed. London: Continuum, 1977. 3558:Entwickelung Des Paulinischen Lehrbegriffes 1259:Entwickelung Des Paulinischen Lehrbegriffes 631:Many of the theologians below are cited by 2864:Ellicott, Destiny of the Creature, p. 105. 2176:American Pentecostal pastor and evangelist 66:. Please do not remove this message until 4211:. Paperback ed. Chicago, IL: Moody, 1922. 4169:. Bournemouth: Overcomer Book Room, 1922. 4162:. Grand Rapids: W.B. Eerdmans Pub., 1939. 4160:International Standard Bible Encyclopedia 4061:Vol. 1 (1867): 177–190, 325–340, 428–444. 1195:Herzog, Realencyclopadie, article "Seele" 243:, 2.13, 15; 3.1), those who are soulish ( 86:Learn how and when to remove this message 4141:. Anaheim: Living Stream Ministry, 1994. 852:Roman historian & Bishop of Caesarea 665: 62:Relevant discussion may be found on the 4246:. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1874. 4197:. London: Pickering & Inglis, 1900. 4190:. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1971. 4176:. New York: Christian Fellowship, 1968. 3666:Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary 3456:21, no. 5. (Patrologia Graeca 31:549A). 2304: 1565:Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary 814:Van Oosterzee, Berkhof, Henri De Lubac 4225:. Vol 3. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1979. 4134:. Urbana: University of Illinois, 2004 1586:Geist des Menschen im Biblischen Sinne 1214:German theologian and church historian 4101:The Holy Spirit in Christian Theology 4038:The New Testament for English Readers 3951:The Holy Spirit in Christian Theology 3351:Dictionary of Early Christian Beliefs 3244:The Holy Spirit in Christian Theology 3205:The Holy Spirit in Christian Theology 3166:The Holy Spirit in Christian Theology 3153:The Holy Spirit in Christian Theology 3114:The Holy Spirit in Christian Theology 3079:The Holy Spirit in Christian Theology 2081:The Holy Spirit in Christian Theology 1956:Cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church 1771:English Baptist pastor and evangelist 524:The fact that an early heresy called 7: 2574:"Tripartite: Body, Soul, and Spirit" 789:Commentary on Daniel, Book 2, Ch. 38 577:The Holy Spirit and the Human Spirit 4276:The Collected Works of Watchman Nee 4040:. 2 Vols. London: Rivingtons, 1872. 3192:Emergence of the Catholic Tradition 3179:Emergence of the Catholic Tradition 3014:Emergence of the Catholic Tradition 2795:. Affectivity, Agency (2012), p. 12 855:Commentary on the Psalms 102, v. 20 4103:. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1956. 4003:Encyclopedia of Bible Difficulties 3979:(Springdale: WhitakerHouse, 1995). 2496:Recovery Version of the Holy Bible 2222:Encyclopedia of Bible Difficulties 2139:Man A Trinity (Spirit, Soul, Body) 1835:Soul and Spirit, War on the Saints 811:De Principiis, Book 2, On the Soul 681:Major works supporting Trichotomy 290:, the soul was stuck to the body. 25: 4239:. Valley Forge, PA: Judson, 1907. 3610:New Testament for English Readers 2391:Holy Spirit in Christian Theology 1346:New Testament for English Readers 1281:Dogmatik: Akademische Vorlesungen 1268:August Friedrich Christian Vilmar 1070:Roman Catholic priest and scholar 901:Richard A Layton; Henri de Lubac 400:Plato's tripartite theory of soul 393:, noëma, di-anoia, and phronëma). 4216:The New Scofield Reference Bible 4155:. San Francisco: Ignatius, 2007. 4075:. London: Longmans, Green, 1865. 2197:American Presbyterian Theologian 1874:Systematic Theology Vol. 1&2 1155:Clarke's Commentary on the Bible 945:, bk. 1, sec. 1, 8 (On the Soul) 41: 4223:History of the Christian Church 4066:A System of Biblical Psychology 3637:Smith's Dictionary of the Bible 3597:Outlines of Biblical Psychology 2953:History of the Christian Church 2118:American Evangelical Theologian 1871:American Protestant Theologiian 1343:Anglican theologian and scholar 1324:Outlines of Biblical Psychology 786:Presbyter of the Church in Rome 627:Supporters of a tripartite view 513:History of the Christian Church 332:referring to the human spirit. 4281:Doctrine & Covenants 88:15 3921:All the Doctrines of the Bible 1999:All the Doctrines of the Bible 1935:Anglican Priest and Theologian 1755:Watchman Nee in Spiritual Man 1364:English churchman and linguist 1278:German Neo-Lutheran theologian 1163:Gotthilf Heinrich von Schubert 725:Tatian's Address to the Greeks 1: 4181:Theology of the Old Testament 2556:"What does Romans 7:22 mean?" 1405:Theology of the Old Testament 1290:Heinrich August Wilhelm Meyer 4264:The Tripartite Makeup of Man 4218:. New York: Oxford UP, 1967. 4158:Marais, J. I. "Psychology." 4094:The Tripartite Nature of Man 3988:Man and his Nature, part 1. 3878:The Biblical Doctrine of Man 3722:The Biblical Doctrine of Man 3709:The Tripartite Nature of Man 3401:Patrologia Graeca 23:1267D. 3320:Justin, 'Ante-Nicene Fathers 3296:The Tripartite Nature of Man 2653:Systematic Theology Abridged 2640:New Scofield Reference Bible 2018:British Christian evangelist 1688:German Protestant theologian 1648:The Tripartite Nature of Man 1300:German Protestant theologian 1152:British Methodist theologian 1090:English Nonconformist leader 1050:English theologian, Arminian 1031:Commentary on the Magnificat 647:, Jan Jacob van Oosterzee's 4073:The Destiny of the Creature 1595:George Boardman the Younger 1499:Russian Orthodox Theologian 1131:Russian Orthodox Theologian 1010:The Ladder of Divine Ascent 874:Bishop of Laodicea in Syria 205:). 14 But the soulish man ( 118:. It is in contrast to the 68:conditions to do so are met 32:Tripartite (disambiguation) 4322: 4242:Van Oosterzee, Jan Jacob. 4139:The Spirit With Our Spirit 3668:, On 1 Thes. 5:23, Jude 19 3229:Delitzsch quoting Luther, 2477:, so it must be as to the 2365:The Spirit With Our Spirit 2200:Man and his Nature, part 1 2099:Chinese Christian Preacher 2059:Chinese Christian Preacher 1583:German Lutheran theologian 1456:German Lutheran theologian 1402:German Lutheran theologian 1109:German Lutheran theologian 1007:7th-century Christian monk 967:On the Making of Man 8.4–6 499:In the 4th century, after 201:) with spiritual (things, 29: 4118:Early Christian Doctrines 4045:Confessions: Books I-XIII 3934:Life on the Highest Plane 3465:Patrologia Graeca 37:452. 2806:Early Christian Doctrines 2601:Tripartite Nature of Man, 2041:Life on the Highest Plane 1914:Welsh Calvinist Methodist 1436:De omnibus dubitandum est 1374:Johann Gottfried Hausmann 1256:Swiss Reformed theologian 722:Early Christian apologist 700:Early Christian apologist 515:, Philip Schaff remarks: 222:), but as to carnal men ( 4202:Affirmation and Critique 4167:God's Plan of Redemption 4087:Affirmation and Critique 4080:Affirmation and Critique 3966:, p. 20, 62–63, 120–134. 3804:God's Plan of Redemption 3679:Baptist Quarterly Vol. 1 3066:Tripartite Nature of Man 3053:Tripartite Nature of Man 3040:Tripartite Nature of Man 3027:Tripartite Nature of Man 2988:Tripartite Nature of Man 2975:Tripartite Nature of Man 2940:Tripartite Nature of Man 2901:Tripartite Nature of Man 2888:Scritptural Anthropology 2830:Woodward, ch 5. Online. 2819:Tripartite Nature of Man 2778:Tripartite Nature of Man 2727:Tripartite Nature of Man 2705:Tripartite Nature of Man 2692:Tripartite Nature of Man 2679:Tripartite Nature of Man 2666:Tripartite Nature of Man 2627:Scriptural Anthropology, 2443:Tripartite Nature of Man 2428:Hendry quoting Schmaus' 2417:Tripartite Nature of Man 2313:Tripartite Nature of Man 1853:God's Plan of Redemption 1750:German Holiness Movement 1713:Scofield Reference Bible 1481:Smith's Bible Dictionary 1434:, Johannes Climacus, or 1367:The Speaker's Commentary 895:Coptic Church theologian 653:Tripartite Nature of Man 651:, John Bickford Heard's 4031:The Ante-Nicene Fathers 3841:Firstfruits and Harvest 3654:Destiny of the Creature 3492:Ladder of Divine Ascent 3190:Pelikan quoting Faust, 3177:Pelikan quoting Faust, 3092:Scriptural Anthropology 2614:Scriptural Anthropology 2543:Destiny of the Creature 2404:Scriptural Anthropology 2378:Scriptural Anthropology 1896:Firstfruits and Harvest 1545:Destiny of the Creature 1510:Jan Jacob van Oosterzee 1432:The Sickness Unto Death 1392:Gustav Friedrich Oehler 1192:Prussian Right Hegelian 508:and Basil of Cesaraea. 501:Apollinaris of Laodicea 379:intertestamental period 373:Intertestamental period 4301:Christian anthropology 4092:Heard, John Bickford. 3737:, p. 503-510, 582–586. 2277:Christian anthropology 2252:Doctrine and Covenants 2008:Theodore Austin-Sparks 1946:William Theodore Heard 1428:The Concept of Anxiety 1183:Karl Friedrich Goschel 678:Theological tradition 609: 572: 551: 522: 427:, used 151 times (and 395: 350: 338:progressive revelation 310:Historical development 190:1 Corinthians 2:12–3:4 4195:Earth's Earliest Ages 4146:The Knowledge of Life 4089:III.1 (January 1998). 3977:Spirit, Soul and Body 3761:Earth's Earliest Ages 3571:Man: The Image of God 3127:Summa contra Gentiles 2180:Spirit, Soul and Body 1734:Earth's Earliest Ages 1627:Dutch Reformed Church 1532:Charles John Ellicott 1478:English Lexicographer 1354:Frederic Charles Cook 1100:Magnus Friedrich Roos 885:Didymus of Alexandria 734:Clement of Alexandria 706:Van Oosterzee, Heard 604: 567: 546: 517: 477:Clement of Alexandria 469:Didymus of Alexandria 386: 345: 4235:Strong, Augustus H. 4230:Christian Psychology 4209:Gleanings in Genesis 4082:II.4 (October 1997). 3908:Gleanings in Genesis 3774:Christian Psychology 3696:The Spirit of Christ 3475:On the Making of Man 2964:Pester, 1996, p. 44. 2578:Real Bible Believers 2430:Katholische Dogmatik 2272:Bipartite (theology) 2188:S. Lewis Johnson Jr. 1811:Protestant (Baptist) 1793:Christian Psychology 1630:The Spirit of Christ 1573:Karl August Auberlen 1489:Theophan the Recluse 929:Gregory of Nazianzus 170:1 Thessalonians 5:23 30:For other uses, see 4272:(tripartiteman.org) 4244:Christian Dogmatics 4237:Systematic Theology 4186:Pelikan, Jaroslav. 4165:McDonough, Mary E. 4130:Layton, Richard A. 4116:Kelley, John N. D. 4108:Systematic Theology 4052:Systematic Theology 3817:Systematic Theology 3545:Opuscula Theologica 3417:124.19–28, 337.8–24 3390:Ante-Nicene Fathers 3364:Ante-Nicene Fathers 3338:Ante-Nicene Fathers 3283:Christian Dogmatics 3270:Systematic Theology 3257:Systematic Theology 3231:Biblical Psychology 3001:Biblical Psychology 2927:Biblical Psychology 2914:Systematic Theology 2853:Biblical Psychology 2749:Systematic Theology 2738:(Good, 1998, p. 50. 2530:Biblical Psychology 2517:Biblical Psychology 2352:Biblical Psychology 2326:Biblical Psychology 2218:American theologian 2078:Reformed Theologian 1861:Lewis Sperry Chafer 1710:American Theologian 1637:John Bickford Heard 1562:Anglican theologian 1542:Anglican theologian 1523:Christian Dogmatics 1459:Biblical Psychology 703:On the Resurrection 649:Christian Dogmatics 645:Systematic Theology 637:Systematic Theology 55:of this article is 4249:Woodward, John B. 4099:Hendry, George S. 4064:Delitzsch, Franz. 3850:2013-02-08 at the 3698:, pp 159–160, 193. 3377:History and Spirit 3309:History and Spirit 2842:Good, 1997, p. 47. 2764:, 4:2496. Online. 2716:Good, 1998, p. 50. 2590:Good, 1997, p. 47. 2254:, a revelation of 2102:The Economy of God 1832:Protestant (Welsh) 1667:English Theologian 1502:The Spiritual Life 1311:Johann Tobias Beck 776:Hippolytus of Rome 661:History and Spirit 641:Augustus H. Strong 100:Christian theology 27:Christian theology 4266:(wholereason.com) 4204:I.2 (April 1996). 4179:Oehler, Gust Fr. 4174:The Spiritual Man 4151:Lubac, Henri De. 4059:Baptist Quarterly 4054:. Eerdmans, 1996. 3865:War on The Saints 3586:, on 1 Thes 5:23. 3443:, p. 186, note 31 3441:Didymus the Blind 3125:Aquinas, Thomas, 2875:Knowledge of Life 2502:is quantitative; 2339:Tripartite Nature 2248: 2247: 1917:War on The Saints 1893:Plymouth Brethren 1842:Mary E. McDonough 1822:Jessie Penn-Lewis 1790:Scottish preacher 1731:Plymouth Brethren 1414:Søren Kierkegaard 1321:German theologian 1236:German theologian 1226:Hermann Olshausen 1173:German Theologian 1121:Seraphim of Sarov 907:Basil of Caesarea 96: 95: 88: 16:(Redirected from 4313: 4228:Stalker, James. 4221:Schaff, Philip. 4214:Scofield, C. I. 4207:Pink, Arthur W. 4106:Hodge, Charles. 4071:Ellicott, C. J. 4050:Berkhof, Louis. 4019: 4012: 4006: 3999: 3993: 3986: 3980: 3973: 3967: 3960: 3954: 3947: 3941: 3930: 3924: 3917: 3911: 3904: 3898: 3887: 3881: 3874: 3868: 3861: 3855: 3837: 3831: 3826: 3820: 3813: 3807: 3800: 3794: 3783: 3777: 3770: 3764: 3757: 3751: 3744: 3738: 3731: 3725: 3718: 3712: 3705: 3699: 3692: 3686: 3675: 3669: 3663: 3657: 3650: 3644: 3633: 3627: 3619: 3613: 3606: 3600: 3593: 3587: 3580: 3574: 3567: 3561: 3554: 3548: 3541: 3535: 3524: 3518: 3510: 3504: 3501: 3495: 3488: 3482: 3472: 3466: 3463: 3457: 3450: 3444: 3437: 3431: 3424: 3418: 3412: 3406: 3399: 3393: 3386: 3380: 3373: 3367: 3360: 3354: 3347: 3341: 3334: 3328: 3318: 3312: 3305: 3299: 3292: 3286: 3279: 3273: 3266: 3260: 3253: 3247: 3240: 3234: 3227: 3221: 3220:Vol. 21, p. 303. 3214: 3208: 3201: 3195: 3188: 3182: 3175: 3169: 3162: 3156: 3149: 3143: 3138:Luther, Martin. 3136: 3130: 3123: 3117: 3110: 3104: 3101: 3095: 3088: 3082: 3075: 3069: 3062: 3056: 3049: 3043: 3036: 3030: 3023: 3017: 3010: 3004: 2997: 2991: 2984: 2978: 2971: 2965: 2962: 2956: 2949: 2943: 2936: 2930: 2923: 2917: 2910: 2904: 2897: 2891: 2884: 2878: 2871: 2865: 2862: 2856: 2849: 2843: 2840: 2834: 2828: 2822: 2815: 2809: 2802: 2796: 2787: 2781: 2774: 2768: 2758: 2752: 2745: 2739: 2736: 2730: 2723: 2717: 2714: 2708: 2701: 2695: 2688: 2682: 2675: 2669: 2662: 2656: 2649: 2643: 2637: 2631: 2623: 2617: 2610: 2604: 2597: 2591: 2588: 2582: 2581: 2570: 2564: 2563: 2552: 2546: 2539: 2533: 2526: 2520: 2513: 2507: 2494:Lee, Footnotes. 2492: 2486: 2461:), in the other 2439: 2433: 2426: 2420: 2413: 2407: 2400: 2394: 2387: 2381: 2374: 2368: 2361: 2355: 2348: 2342: 2335: 2329: 2322: 2316: 2309: 2256:Joseph Smith Jr. 2069:George S. Hendry 1925:Robert Lightfoot 1651:Strong, Berkhof 1589:Strong, Berkhof 1327:Strong, Berkhof 1284:G. C. Berkouwer 1242:Strong, Berkhof 1080:Philip Doddridge 976:John of Damascus 954:Gregory of Nyssa 833:Against Heresies 765:Bishop of Sardis 666: 544:Heard explains: 485:Gregory of Nyssa 343:Heard explains: 130:Scriptural basis 91: 84: 80: 77: 71: 45: 44: 37: 21: 4321: 4320: 4316: 4315: 4314: 4312: 4311: 4310: 4286: 4285: 4260: 4172:Nee, Watchman. 4036:Alford, Henry. 4027: 4022: 4013: 4009: 4000: 3996: 3987: 3983: 3974: 3970: 3964:Bible Doctrines 3961: 3957: 3948: 3944: 3931: 3927: 3918: 3914: 3905: 3901: 3888: 3884: 3875: 3871: 3862: 3858: 3852:Wayback Machine 3838: 3834: 3827: 3823: 3814: 3810: 3801: 3797: 3784: 3780: 3771: 3767: 3758: 3754: 3745: 3741: 3732: 3728: 3719: 3715: 3706: 3702: 3693: 3689: 3676: 3672: 3664: 3660: 3651: 3647: 3634: 3630: 3620: 3616: 3607: 3603: 3594: 3590: 3581: 3577: 3568: 3564: 3555: 3551: 3542: 3538: 3525: 3521: 3511: 3507: 3502: 3498: 3489: 3485: 3473: 3469: 3464: 3460: 3451: 3447: 3438: 3434: 3425: 3421: 3413: 3409: 3400: 3396: 3387: 3383: 3374: 3370: 3361: 3357: 3348: 3344: 3335: 3331: 3319: 3315: 3306: 3302: 3293: 3289: 3281:Van Oosterzee, 3280: 3276: 3267: 3263: 3254: 3250: 3241: 3237: 3228: 3224: 3215: 3211: 3202: 3198: 3189: 3185: 3176: 3172: 3163: 3159: 3150: 3146: 3137: 3133: 3124: 3120: 3111: 3107: 3102: 3098: 3089: 3085: 3076: 3072: 3063: 3059: 3050: 3046: 3037: 3033: 3024: 3020: 3011: 3007: 2998: 2994: 2985: 2981: 2972: 2968: 2963: 2959: 2950: 2946: 2937: 2933: 2924: 2920: 2911: 2907: 2898: 2894: 2885: 2881: 2872: 2868: 2863: 2859: 2850: 2846: 2841: 2837: 2829: 2825: 2816: 2812: 2803: 2799: 2788: 2784: 2775: 2771: 2759: 2755: 2746: 2742: 2737: 2733: 2724: 2720: 2715: 2711: 2702: 2698: 2689: 2685: 2676: 2672: 2663: 2659: 2650: 2646: 2638: 2634: 2624: 2620: 2611: 2607: 2598: 2594: 2589: 2585: 2580:. 5 April 2020. 2572: 2571: 2567: 2554: 2553: 2549: 2540: 2536: 2527: 2523: 2514: 2510: 2493: 2489: 2440: 2436: 2427: 2423: 2414: 2410: 2401: 2397: 2388: 2384: 2375: 2371: 2362: 2358: 2349: 2345: 2336: 2332: 2323: 2319: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2268: 2230:P. B. Fitzwater 2157:Bible Doctrines 1987:Herbert Lockyer 1801:Clarence Larkin 1781:James M Stalker 1741:Otto Stockmayer 1446:Franz Delitzsch 1424:Danish Lutheran 1247:Leonhard Usteri 1028:German Reformer 948:Henri de Lubac 923:Henri de Lubac 858:Henri de Lubac 792:Henri de Lubac 629: 602:Luther writes: 588: 556: 554:Semipelagianism 497: 495:Apollinarianism 452: 420: 384:Good explains: 375: 317: 312: 275:Colossians 2:11 132: 92: 81: 75: 72: 61: 46: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4319: 4317: 4309: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4288: 4287: 4284: 4283: 4278: 4273: 4270:Tripartite Man 4267: 4259: 4258:External links 4256: 4255: 4254: 4247: 4240: 4233: 4226: 4219: 4212: 4205: 4198: 4193:Pember, G. H. 4191: 4184: 4177: 4170: 4163: 4156: 4149: 4144:Lee, Witness. 4142: 4137:Lee, Witness. 4135: 4128: 4121: 4114: 4111: 4104: 4097: 4090: 4083: 4076: 4069: 4062: 4055: 4048: 4041: 4034: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4020: 4007: 3994: 3981: 3968: 3955: 3942: 3925: 3912: 3899: 3882: 3869: 3856: 3832: 3821: 3808: 3795: 3778: 3765: 3752: 3739: 3726: 3713: 3700: 3687: 3670: 3658: 3645: 3628: 3614: 3601: 3588: 3575: 3562: 3549: 3536: 3530:, p. 394-395. 3519: 3505: 3496: 3483: 3467: 3458: 3445: 3432: 3419: 3407: 3394: 3381: 3368: 3355: 3342: 3329: 3313: 3300: 3287: 3274: 3261: 3248: 3235: 3222: 3218:Luther's Works 3209: 3196: 3183: 3170: 3157: 3144: 3140:Luther's Works 3131: 3118: 3105: 3096: 3083: 3070: 3057: 3044: 3031: 3018: 3005: 2992: 2979: 2966: 2957: 2944: 2931: 2918: 2905: 2892: 2879: 2866: 2857: 2844: 2835: 2823: 2810: 2797: 2782: 2769: 2753: 2740: 2731: 2718: 2709: 2696: 2683: 2670: 2657: 2644: 2632: 2618: 2605: 2592: 2583: 2565: 2547: 2534: 2521: 2508: 2487: 2434: 2421: 2408: 2395: 2382: 2369: 2356: 2343: 2330: 2317: 2303: 2301: 2298: 2297: 2296: 2291: 2284: 2279: 2274: 2267: 2264: 2246: 2245: 2244:John Woodward 2242: 2239: 2237: 2234: 2231: 2227: 2226: 2224: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2210: 2208:Gleason Archer 2204: 2203: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2189: 2185: 2184: 2182: 2177: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2166:Lester Sumrall 2162: 2161: 2160:John Woodward 2158: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2147: 2146:Mark G Cambron 2143: 2142: 2140: 2137: 2134: 2131: 2128: 2127:Lehman Strauss 2124: 2123: 2121: 2119: 2116: 2113: 2110: 2106: 2105: 2103: 2100: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2085: 2084: 2082: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2070: 2066: 2065: 2063: 2060: 2057: 2054: 2051: 2045: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2030: 2026: 2025: 2024:John Woodward 2022: 2019: 2016: 2013: 2010: 2004: 2003: 2002:John Woodward 2000: 1997: 1995: 1992: 1989: 1983: 1982: 1980: 1977: 1974: 1971: 1968: 1966:Arthur W. Pink 1962: 1961: 1959: 1957: 1954: 1951: 1948: 1942: 1941: 1938: 1936: 1933: 1930: 1927: 1921: 1920: 1918: 1915: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1900: 1899: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1888: 1885: 1883:George H. Lang 1879: 1878: 1875: 1872: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1857: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1846: 1843: 1839: 1838: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1824: 1818: 1817: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1803: 1797: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1785: 1782: 1778: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1766: 1763: 1757: 1756: 1753: 1751: 1748: 1745: 1742: 1738: 1737: 1735: 1732: 1729: 1726: 1723: 1717: 1716: 1714: 1711: 1708: 1705: 1702: 1700:C. I. Scofield 1696: 1695: 1692: 1689: 1686: 1683: 1680: 1678:Hermann Cremer 1674: 1673: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1662: 1659: 1653: 1652: 1649: 1646: 1644: 1641: 1638: 1634: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1625: 1622: 1619: 1613: 1612: 1609: 1606: 1603: 1600: 1597: 1591: 1590: 1587: 1584: 1581: 1578: 1575: 1569: 1568: 1566: 1563: 1560: 1557: 1554: 1550: 1549: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1534: 1528: 1527: 1524: 1521: 1518: 1515: 1512: 1506: 1505: 1503: 1500: 1497: 1494: 1491: 1485: 1484: 1482: 1479: 1476: 1473: 1470: 1464: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1454: 1451: 1448: 1442: 1441: 1439: 1425: 1422: 1419: 1416: 1410: 1409: 1406: 1403: 1400: 1397: 1394: 1388: 1387: 1385: 1383: 1381: 1378: 1375: 1371: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1362: 1359: 1356: 1350: 1349: 1347: 1344: 1341: 1338: 1335: 1329: 1328: 1325: 1322: 1319: 1316: 1313: 1307: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1298: 1295: 1292: 1286: 1285: 1282: 1279: 1276: 1273: 1270: 1264: 1263: 1260: 1257: 1254: 1251: 1248: 1244: 1243: 1240: 1237: 1234: 1231: 1228: 1222: 1221: 1218: 1215: 1212: 1209: 1206: 1204:August Neander 1200: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1190: 1187: 1184: 1180: 1179: 1178:Van Oosterzee 1176: 1174: 1171: 1168: 1165: 1159: 1158: 1156: 1153: 1150: 1147: 1144: 1138: 1137: 1135: 1132: 1129: 1126: 1123: 1117: 1116: 1113: 1110: 1107: 1104: 1101: 1097: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1088: 1085: 1082: 1076: 1075: 1073: 1071: 1068: 1065: 1062: 1056: 1055: 1053: 1051: 1048: 1045: 1042: 1040:Thomas Jackson 1036: 1035: 1032: 1029: 1026: 1023: 1020: 1014: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1005: 1002: 999: 993: 992: 989: 987: 984: 981: 978: 972: 971: 968: 965: 962: 959: 956: 950: 949: 946: 940: 937: 934: 931: 925: 924: 921: 918: 915: 912: 909: 903: 902: 899: 896: 893: 890: 887: 881: 880: 877: 875: 872: 869: 866: 860: 859: 856: 853: 850: 847: 844: 838: 837: 836:Van Oosterzee 834: 831: 828: 825: 822: 816: 815: 812: 809: 806: 803: 800: 794: 793: 790: 787: 784: 781: 778: 772: 771: 770:Van Oosterzee 768: 766: 763: 760: 757: 751: 750: 747: 745: 742: 739: 736: 730: 729: 726: 723: 720: 717: 714: 708: 707: 704: 701: 698: 695: 692: 686: 685: 684:Referenced by 682: 679: 676: 673: 670: 657:Henri de Lubac 628: 625: 587: 584: 555: 552: 496: 493: 451: 448: 419: 416: 374: 371: 316: 313: 311: 308: 303: 302: 294:Romans 7:22–23 284: 283: 268: 267: 237: 236: 215: 211:ho pneumatikòs 186:completeness. 183: 182: 151: 150: 131: 128: 114:, spirit, and 94: 93: 49: 47: 40: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4318: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4293: 4291: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4271: 4268: 4265: 4262: 4261: 4257: 4252: 4248: 4245: 4241: 4238: 4234: 4231: 4227: 4224: 4220: 4217: 4213: 4210: 4206: 4203: 4199: 4196: 4192: 4189: 4185: 4182: 4178: 4175: 4171: 4168: 4164: 4161: 4157: 4154: 4150: 4147: 4143: 4140: 4136: 4133: 4129: 4126: 4122: 4119: 4115: 4112: 4109: 4105: 4102: 4098: 4095: 4091: 4088: 4084: 4081: 4077: 4074: 4070: 4067: 4063: 4060: 4056: 4053: 4049: 4046: 4042: 4039: 4035: 4032: 4029: 4028: 4024: 4017: 4011: 4008: 4004: 3998: 3995: 3991: 3985: 3982: 3978: 3972: 3969: 3965: 3959: 3956: 3952: 3946: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3929: 3926: 3923:, p. 143-145. 3922: 3916: 3913: 3909: 3903: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3886: 3883: 3879: 3873: 3870: 3866: 3860: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3846: 3842: 3836: 3833: 3830: 3825: 3822: 3818: 3812: 3809: 3805: 3799: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3782: 3779: 3775: 3769: 3766: 3762: 3756: 3753: 3749: 3743: 3740: 3736: 3730: 3727: 3723: 3717: 3714: 3710: 3704: 3701: 3697: 3691: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3674: 3671: 3667: 3662: 3659: 3656:, p. 106-125. 3655: 3649: 3646: 3642: 3638: 3632: 3629: 3625: 3618: 3615: 3611: 3605: 3602: 3598: 3592: 3589: 3585: 3579: 3576: 3572: 3566: 3563: 3559: 3553: 3550: 3546: 3540: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3523: 3520: 3516: 3509: 3506: 3500: 3497: 3493: 3487: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3471: 3468: 3462: 3459: 3455: 3449: 3446: 3442: 3436: 3433: 3429: 3423: 3420: 3416: 3411: 3408: 3404: 3398: 3395: 3391: 3385: 3382: 3378: 3372: 3369: 3365: 3359: 3356: 3352: 3346: 3343: 3339: 3333: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3317: 3314: 3311:, p. 178-179. 3310: 3304: 3301: 3297: 3291: 3288: 3284: 3278: 3275: 3271: 3265: 3262: 3259:, p. 191-192. 3258: 3252: 3249: 3245: 3239: 3236: 3233:, p. 460-462. 3232: 3226: 3223: 3219: 3213: 3210: 3206: 3200: 3197: 3193: 3187: 3184: 3180: 3174: 3171: 3167: 3161: 3158: 3154: 3148: 3145: 3141: 3135: 3132: 3128: 3122: 3119: 3115: 3109: 3106: 3100: 3097: 3093: 3087: 3084: 3080: 3074: 3071: 3067: 3061: 3058: 3054: 3048: 3045: 3041: 3035: 3032: 3028: 3022: 3019: 3015: 3009: 3006: 3002: 2996: 2993: 2989: 2983: 2980: 2976: 2970: 2967: 2961: 2958: 2954: 2948: 2945: 2941: 2935: 2932: 2928: 2922: 2919: 2915: 2909: 2906: 2902: 2896: 2893: 2889: 2883: 2880: 2876: 2870: 2867: 2861: 2858: 2854: 2848: 2845: 2839: 2836: 2833: 2827: 2824: 2820: 2814: 2811: 2807: 2801: 2798: 2794: 2793: 2786: 2783: 2779: 2773: 2770: 2767: 2763: 2757: 2754: 2750: 2744: 2741: 2735: 2732: 2728: 2722: 2719: 2713: 2710: 2706: 2700: 2697: 2693: 2687: 2684: 2680: 2674: 2671: 2667: 2661: 2658: 2654: 2648: 2645: 2641: 2636: 2633: 2628: 2622: 2619: 2615: 2609: 2606: 2602: 2596: 2593: 2587: 2584: 2579: 2575: 2569: 2566: 2561: 2557: 2551: 2548: 2544: 2538: 2535: 2531: 2525: 2522: 2518: 2512: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2491: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2438: 2435: 2431: 2425: 2422: 2418: 2412: 2409: 2405: 2399: 2396: 2392: 2386: 2383: 2379: 2373: 2370: 2366: 2360: 2357: 2353: 2347: 2344: 2340: 2334: 2331: 2327: 2321: 2318: 2314: 2308: 2305: 2299: 2295: 2292: 2290: 2289: 2285: 2283: 2280: 2278: 2275: 2273: 2270: 2269: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2260:D&C 88:15 2257: 2253: 2243: 2240: 2238: 2235: 2232: 2229: 2228: 2225: 2223: 2220: 2217: 2214: 2211: 2209: 2206: 2205: 2202: 2199: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2186: 2183: 2181: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2163: 2159: 2156: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2144: 2141: 2138: 2135: 2132: 2129: 2126: 2125: 2122: 2120: 2117: 2114: 2111: 2108: 2107: 2104: 2101: 2098: 2095: 2092: 2090: 2087: 2086: 2083: 2080: 2077: 2074: 2071: 2068: 2067: 2064: 2061: 2058: 2055: 2052: 2050: 2047: 2046: 2043: 2040: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2028: 2027: 2023: 2020: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2006: 2005: 2001: 1998: 1996: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1963: 1960: 1958: 1955: 1952: 1949: 1947: 1944: 1943: 1940:John Laidlaw 1939: 1937: 1934: 1931: 1928: 1926: 1923: 1922: 1919: 1916: 1913: 1910: 1907: 1905: 1902: 1901: 1898: 1895: 1892: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1880: 1876: 1873: 1870: 1867: 1864: 1862: 1859: 1858: 1855: 1852: 1850: 1847: 1844: 1841: 1840: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1823: 1820: 1819: 1816: 1813: 1810: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1799: 1798: 1795: 1792: 1789: 1786: 1783: 1780: 1779: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1767: 1764: 1762: 1759: 1758: 1754: 1752: 1749: 1746: 1743: 1740: 1739: 1736: 1733: 1730: 1727: 1724: 1722: 1719: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1697: 1693: 1690: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1676: 1675: 1672:John Laidlaw 1671: 1669: 1666: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1654: 1650: 1647: 1645: 1642: 1639: 1636: 1635: 1632: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1620: 1618: 1617:Andrew Murray 1615: 1614: 1610: 1607: 1604: 1601: 1598: 1596: 1593: 1592: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1579: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1561: 1558: 1555: 1553:A. R. Fausset 1552: 1551: 1547: 1544: 1541: 1538: 1535: 1533: 1530: 1529: 1525: 1522: 1519: 1516: 1513: 1511: 1508: 1507: 1504: 1501: 1498: 1495: 1492: 1490: 1487: 1486: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1468:William Smith 1466: 1465: 1461: 1458: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1443: 1440: 1438:. A Narrative 1437: 1433: 1429: 1426: 1423: 1420: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1411: 1407: 1404: 1401: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1389: 1386: 1384: 1382: 1379: 1376: 1373: 1372: 1369: 1366: 1363: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1352: 1351: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1331: 1330: 1326: 1323: 1320: 1317: 1314: 1312: 1309: 1308: 1305: 1302: 1299: 1296: 1293: 1291: 1288: 1287: 1283: 1280: 1277: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1265: 1261: 1258: 1255: 1252: 1249: 1246: 1245: 1241: 1238: 1235: 1232: 1229: 1227: 1224: 1223: 1219: 1216: 1213: 1210: 1207: 1205: 1202: 1201: 1197: 1194: 1191: 1188: 1185: 1182: 1181: 1177: 1175: 1172: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1160: 1157: 1154: 1151: 1148: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1139: 1136: 1133: 1130: 1127: 1124: 1122: 1119: 1118: 1114: 1111: 1108: 1105: 1102: 1099: 1098: 1095: 1092: 1089: 1086: 1083: 1081: 1078: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1066: 1063: 1061: 1058: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1041: 1038: 1037: 1033: 1030: 1027: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1018:Martin Luther 1016: 1015: 1012: 1009: 1006: 1003: 1000: 998: 997:John Climacus 995: 994: 990: 988: 986:Church Father 985: 982: 979: 977: 974: 973: 969: 966: 964:Church Father 963: 960: 957: 955: 952: 951: 947: 944: 941: 938: 935: 932: 930: 927: 926: 922: 919: 917:Church Father 916: 913: 910: 908: 905: 904: 900: 897: 894: 891: 888: 886: 883: 882: 878: 876: 873: 870: 867: 865: 862: 861: 857: 854: 851: 848: 845: 843: 840: 839: 835: 832: 830:Church Father 829: 826: 823: 821: 818: 817: 813: 810: 808:Church Father 807: 804: 801: 799: 796: 795: 791: 788: 785: 782: 779: 777: 774: 773: 769: 767: 764: 761: 758: 756: 753: 752: 748: 746: 744:Church Father 743: 740: 737: 735: 732: 731: 727: 724: 721: 718: 715: 713: 710: 709: 705: 702: 699: 696: 693: 691: 690:Justin Martyr 688: 687: 683: 680: 677: 674: 671: 668: 667: 664: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 638: 634: 633:Louis Berkhof 626: 624: 620: 618: 614: 608: 603: 600: 596: 594: 585: 583: 580: 578: 571: 566: 563: 561: 560:Semipelagians 553: 550: 545: 542: 540: 536: 532: 527: 521: 516: 514: 509: 507: 502: 494: 492: 488: 486: 482: 478: 474: 473:Justin Martyr 470: 466: 462: 458: 449: 447: 443: 440: 438: 434: 430: 426: 418:New Testament 417: 415: 413: 409: 405: 401: 394: 392: 385: 382: 380: 372: 370: 368: 364: 360: 356: 349: 344: 341: 339: 333: 330: 326: 322: 315:Old Testament 314: 309: 307: 301: 298: 297: 296: 295: 291: 289: 282: 279: 278: 277: 276: 272: 266: 264: 259: 258: 257: 256: 252: 250: 246: 242: 235: 231: 227: 223: 219: 216: 214: 210: 206: 202: 198: 194: 193: 192: 191: 187: 181: 179: 174: 173: 172: 171: 167: 165: 161: 157: 149: 147: 142: 141: 140: 139: 135: 129: 127: 125: 121: 117: 113: 109: 105: 101: 90: 87: 79: 69: 65: 59: 58: 54: 48: 39: 38: 33: 19: 4250: 4243: 4236: 4229: 4222: 4215: 4208: 4201: 4194: 4187: 4180: 4173: 4166: 4159: 4152: 4145: 4138: 4131: 4124: 4123:Lang, G. H. 4117: 4107: 4100: 4093: 4086: 4079: 4072: 4065: 4058: 4051: 4044: 4037: 4030: 4015: 4010: 4002: 3997: 3984: 3976: 3971: 3963: 3958: 3950: 3945: 3933: 3928: 3920: 3915: 3907: 3902: 3891:Regeneration 3890: 3885: 3877: 3872: 3864: 3859: 3840: 3835: 3824: 3819:, p. 180-187 3816: 3811: 3803: 3798: 3789:, p. 97-98. 3786: 3781: 3773: 3768: 3760: 3755: 3742: 3734: 3729: 3721: 3716: 3711:, p. 62-114. 3708: 3703: 3695: 3690: 3678: 3673: 3665: 3661: 3653: 3648: 3636: 3631: 3617: 3609: 3604: 3596: 3591: 3583: 3578: 3570: 3565: 3557: 3552: 3544: 3539: 3527: 3522: 3508: 3499: 3491: 3486: 3474: 3470: 3461: 3453: 3448: 3440: 3435: 3422: 3414: 3410: 3397: 3389: 3384: 3376: 3371: 3363: 3358: 3350: 3345: 3337: 3332: 3321: 3316: 3308: 3303: 3295: 3290: 3282: 3277: 3269: 3264: 3256: 3251: 3243: 3238: 3230: 3225: 3217: 3212: 3204: 3199: 3191: 3186: 3178: 3173: 3165: 3160: 3152: 3147: 3139: 3134: 3126: 3121: 3113: 3108: 3099: 3091: 3086: 3078: 3073: 3065: 3060: 3052: 3047: 3039: 3034: 3026: 3021: 3013: 3008: 3000: 2995: 2987: 2982: 2974: 2969: 2960: 2952: 2947: 2939: 2934: 2926: 2921: 2913: 2908: 2900: 2895: 2887: 2882: 2874: 2869: 2860: 2852: 2847: 2838: 2826: 2818: 2813: 2805: 2800: 2791: 2785: 2777: 2772: 2761: 2756: 2748: 2743: 2734: 2726: 2721: 2712: 2704: 2699: 2691: 2686: 2678: 2673: 2665: 2660: 2652: 2647: 2639: 2635: 2630:Pentateuch." 2626: 2621: 2613: 2608: 2600: 2595: 2586: 2577: 2568: 2560:BibleRef.com 2559: 2550: 2542: 2537: 2529: 2524: 2516: 2511: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2490: 2482: 2481:; if of the 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2457:as a whole ( 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2437: 2429: 2424: 2416: 2411: 2403: 2398: 2390: 2385: 2377: 2372: 2364: 2359: 2351: 2346: 2338: 2333: 2325: 2320: 2312: 2307: 2294:Soul dualism 2286: 2249: 2221: 2179: 2049:Watchman Nee 2021:What is Man? 1904:Evan Roberts 1721:G. H. Pember 1657:Henry Liddon 1520:Dutch Divine 1333:Henry Alford 1060:Thomas White 942: 864:Apollinarius 660: 652: 648: 644: 636: 630: 621: 613:Watchman Nee 610: 605: 601: 597: 592: 589: 581: 576: 573: 568: 564: 557: 547: 543: 538: 534: 530: 526:Apollinarism 523: 518: 512: 510: 498: 489: 453: 450:Early Church 444: 441: 421: 410:(soul), and 396: 387: 383: 376: 355:Erasistratus 351: 346: 342: 334: 318: 304: 299: 292: 285: 280: 273: 269: 260: 255:Hebrews 4:12 253: 248: 244: 240: 238: 233: 229: 225: 221: 220:pneumatikois 217: 212: 208: 204: 200: 199:pneumatikois 195: 188: 184: 175: 168: 152: 143: 136: 133: 103: 97: 82: 73: 51: 18:Trichotomism 4043:Augustine. 4014:Fitzwater, 3802:McDonough, 3776:, p. 47-65. 3763:, p. 74-77. 3569:Berkouwer, 3543:Olshausen, 2999:Delitzsch, 2925:Delitzsch, 2851:Delitzsch, 2707:, p. 50-56. 2515:Delitzsch, 2471:entierement 2350:Delitzsch, 2089:Witness Lee 2029:Ruth Paxson 1761:F. B. Meyer 1142:Adam Clarke 1001:7th century 824:2nd century 617:Witness Lee 593:Confessions 586:Reformation 537:) with the 377:During the 241:pneumatikos 138:Genesis 2:7 76:August 2019 4296:3 (number) 4290:Categories 4025:References 3677:Boardman, 3652:Ellicott, 3490:Climacus, 3388:Irenaeus, 3375:de Lubac, 3307:de Lubac, 3090:Boardman, 2886:Boardman, 2762:Psychology 2625:Boardman, 2612:Boardman, 2541:Ellicott, 2402:Boardman, 2376:Boardman, 2324:Delitzch, 2038:Protestant 1034:Delitzsch 506:Athanasius 359:Herophilus 203:pneumatikà 146:JPS Tanakh 108:trichotomy 104:tripartite 53:neutrality 4018:, p. 309. 3975:Sumrall, 3962:Cambron, 3919:Lockyer, 3876:Laidlaw, 3863:Roberts, 3772:Stalker, 3720:Laidlaw, 3560:, p. 384. 3547:, p. 134. 3526:Neander, 3353:, p. 627. 3285:, p. 366. 3272:, p. 484. 3255:Berkhof, 3246:, p. 101. 3216:Pelikan, 3207:, p. 114. 3129:, III, 25 3094:, p. 189. 3081:, p. 113. 3016:, p. 300. 3012:Pelikan, 3003:, p. 106. 2955:, p. 711. 2929:, p. 106. 2916:, p. 191. 2912:Berkhof, 2890:, p. 189. 2877:, p. 117. 2751:, p. 191. 2747:Berkhof, 2616:, p. 327. 2545:, p. 107. 2406:, p. 185. 2380:, p. 184. 2109:E.C.Bragg 920:Homily 21 367:Aristotle 288:salvation 245:psychikós 224:sarkínois 207:psychikós 124:dichotomy 120:bipartite 64:talk page 4001:Archer, 3953:, Ch. 5. 3949:Hendry, 3932:Paxson, 3893:, Ch 2. 3880:, p. 67. 3848:Archived 3815:Chafer, 3785:Larkin, 3759:Pember, 3733:Cremer, 3694:Murray, 3608:Alford, 3599:, p. 31. 3573:, p. 210 3556:Usteri, 3439:Layton, 3362:Origen, 3349:Bercot, 3336:Tatian, 3268:Strong, 3242:Hendry, 3203:Hendry, 3194:, p. 320 3181:, p. 323 3168:, p. 99. 3164:Hendry, 3155:, p. 98. 3151:Hendry, 3116:, p. 97. 3112:Hendry, 3077:Hendry, 3068:, p. 12. 3042:, p. 13. 2990:, p. ix. 2977:, p. 65. 2951:Schaff, 2821:, p. 66. 2808:, p. 16. 2780:, p. 65. 2760:Marais, 2694:, p. 39. 2504:complete 2455:complete 2389:Hendry, 2341:, p. 41. 2328:, p. 90. 2266:See also 1976:Reformed 1462:Berkhof 1408:Berkhof 1115:Berkhof 970:Berkhof 879:Berkhof 842:Eusebius 820:Irenaeus 749:Berkhof 457:Irenaeus 406:(mind), 249:sarkivós 232:sarkikoí 228:sarkikoí 156:neshamah 57:disputed 3829:Online. 3724:, p. 67 3707:Heard, 3582:Meyer, 3452:Basil, 3415:Eccl.T. 3298:, p. x. 3294:Heard, 3064:Heard, 3055:, p. 7. 3051:Heard, 3038:Heard, 3029:, p. 6. 3025:Heard, 2986:Heard, 2973:Heard, 2938:Heard, 2903:, p. 5. 2899:Heard, 2817:Heard, 2804:Kelly, 2776:Heard, 2725:Heard, 2703:Heard, 2690:Heard, 2677:Heard, 2664:Heard, 2651:Hodge, 2599:Heard, 2467:integer 2451:integer 2441:Heard, 2415:Heard, 2337:Heard, 2311:Heard, 2136:Baptist 1694:Strong 1611:Strong 1605:Baptist 1548:Strong 1526:Strong 1262:Strong 1220:Strong 1198:Strong 991:Strong 980:645/676 936:389/390 849:339/340 846:260/265 520:Christ. 325:nephesh 286:Before 160:nephesh 3990:Online 3938:Online 3906:Pink, 3895:Online 3889:Pink, 3845:Online 3839:Lang, 3791:Online 3748:Online 3683:Online 3641:Online 3624:Online 3595:Beck, 3532:Online 3515:Online 3479:Online 3454:Homily 3428:Online 3403:Online 3324:Online 2603:p. 40. 2500:Wholly 2463:entire 2282:Monism 798:Origen 755:Melito 712:Tatian 655:, and 615:, and 531:pneuma 481:Origen 465:Melito 461:Tatian 437:pneuma 433:psychë 408:psychë 164:Pneuma 122:view ( 106:view ( 102:, the 4306:Souls 2873:Lee, 2483:whole 2479:means 2459:totus 2447:totus 2363:Lee, 2300:Notes 943:Poems 675:Died 672:Born 669:Name 535:ru’ah 363:Plato 329:ruach 321:basar 2449:and 2288:Nous 2215:2004 2212:1916 2194:2004 2191:1915 2173:1996 2170:1913 2152:2000 2149:1911 2133:1997 2115:1995 2112:1912 2096:1997 2093:1905 2075:1993 2072:1904 2056:1972 2053:1903 2035:1949 2032:1889 2015:1971 2012:1888 1994:1984 1991:1886 1973:1952 1970:1886 1953:1973 1950:1884 1932:1953 1929:1883 1911:1951 1908:1878 1890:1958 1887:1874 1868:1952 1865:1871 1848:1962 1845:1863 1829:1927 1826:1861 1808:1924 1805:1850 1787:1929 1784:1848 1768:1929 1765:1847 1747:1917 1744:1838 1728:1910 1725:1837 1707:1921 1704:1843 1685:1903 1682:1834 1664:1890 1661:1829 1640:1828 1624:1917 1621:1828 1602:1903 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3854:. 3793:. 3750:. 3685:. 3681:, 3643:. 3626:. 3534:. 3517:. 3481:. 3477:. 3430:. 3405:. 3326:. 2562:. 2465:( 2236:? 2233:? 2130:? 1643:? 1004:? 868:? 759:? 533:( 265:) 180:) 148:) 89:) 83:( 78:) 74:( 70:. 60:. 34:. 20:)

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