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Trident (missile)

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327:), which is used to correct small position and velocity errors that result from launch condition uncertainties due to errors in the submarine navigation system and errors that may have accumulated in the guidance system during the flight due to imperfect instrument calibration. GPS has been used on some test flights but is assumed not to be available for a real mission. The fire control system was designed and continues to be maintained by General Dynamics Mission Systems. Once the star-sighting has been completed, the "bus" section of the missile maneuvers to achieve the various velocity vectors that will send the deployed multiple independent reentry vehicles to their individual targets. The downrange and crossrange dispersion of the targets remains classified. 354: 586: 599: 378: 51: 280: 304:, a telescoping outward extension that halves aerodynamic drag, is then deployed, and the boost phase begins. When the third-stage motor fires, within two minutes of launch, the missile is traveling faster than 20,000 ft/s (6,000 m/s), or 13,600 mph (21,600 km/h) Mach 18. Minutes after launch, the missile is outside the atmosphere and on a 487:
In 2002, the United States Navy announced plans to extend the life of the submarines and the D5 missiles to the year 2040. This requires a D5 Life Extension Program (D5LEP), which is currently underway. The main aim is to replace obsolete components at minimal cost by using commercial off the shelf
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In 2009, the United States upgraded the warheads carried by American D5 missiles with an arming, fuzing and firing (AF&F) system called the "super-fuze" that allows them to time their detonation to target silos and bunkers more accurately, greatly increasing their effectiveness against hardened
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In 1971, the US Navy began studies of an advanced Undersea Long-range Missile System (ULMS). A Decision Coordinating Paper (DCP) for the ULMS was approved on 14 September 1971. ULMS program outlined a long-term modernization plan, which proposed the development of a longer-range missile termed ULMS
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The primary drawback of using conventionally armed ballistic missiles is that to missile warning systems, they are virtually indistinguishable from nuclear armed missiles. This leaves open the likelihood that other nuclear-armed countries might mistake it for a nuclear launch which could provoke a
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The Trident was built in two variants: the I (C4) UGM-96A and II (D5) UGM-133A; however, these two missiles have little in common. While the C4, formerly known as EXPO (Extended Range Poseidon), is just an improved version of the Poseidon C-3 missile, the Trident II D-5 has a completely new design
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The launch from the submarine occurs below the sea surface. The missiles are ejected from their tubes by igniting an explosive charge in a separate container. The energy from the blast is directed to a water tank, where the water is flash-vaporized to steam. The subsequent pressure spike is strong
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US Navy Vice Admiral Johnny Wolfe, in charge of overall submarine weapons systems procurement, indicated in 2020 that he had initiated trade studies to apply lessons from the D5LE program to extend the Trident II's lifespan to 2084. Wolfe said he expected the first D5LE2 missiles to be deployed
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to prevent the intrusion of water into any internal spaces, which could damage the missile or add weight, destabilizing the missile. Should the missile fail to breach the surface of the water, there are several safety mechanisms that can either deactivate the missile before launch or guide the
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to request the United Kingdom be allowed to procure the Trident II system, the procurement of which had been accelerated by the US Navy. This was agreed upon in March 1982. Under the agreement, the United Kingdom paid an additional 5% of their total procurement cost of $ 2.5 billion to the US
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for navigation update and a reentry guidance and control (trajectory correction) segment to perform 10-meter class impact accuracy. No explosive is said to be used since the reentry vehicle's mass and hypersonic impact velocity provide sufficient mechanical energy and "effect". The second
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In May 1972, the term ULMS II was replaced with Trident. The Trident was to be a larger, higher-performance missile with a range capacity greater than 6,000 miles (9,700 km). The first test of the Trident was on January 18, 1977 when an unarmed missile was launched from
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was awarded a total of $ 848 million in contracts to perform this and related work, which also includes upgrading the missiles' reentry systems. On the same day, Draper Labs was awarded $ 318 million for upgrade of the guidance system. Then-British Prime Minister
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missile through an additional phase of launch. Inertial motion sensors are activated upon launch, and when the sensors detect downward acceleration after being blown out of the water, the first-stage motor ignites. The
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proposed the Conventional Trident Modification program in 2006 to diversify its strategic options, as part of a broader long-term strategy to develop worldwide rapid strike capabilities, dubbed "
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rods which could obliterate an area of 3000 square feet (approximately 280 square meters). It offered the promise of accurate conventional strikes with little warning and flight time.
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counterattack. For that reason among others, this project raised a substantial debate before the US Congress for the FY07 Defense budget, but also internationally. Russian President
339:(C3). Both Trident versions are three-stage, solid-propellant, inertially guided missiles, and both guidance systems use a star sighting to improve overall weapons system accuracy. 881: 553:
The $ 503 million program would have converted existing Trident II missiles (presumably two missiles per submarine) into conventional weapons, by fitting them with modified Mk4
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II, which was to achieve twice the range of the existing Poseidon (ULMS I) missile. In addition to a longer-range missile, a larger submarine was proposed to replace the
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enough to eject the missile out of the tube and give it enough momentum to reach and clear the surface of the water. The missile is pressurized with
964: 353: 2732: 331:(although with some technologies adopted from the C-4). The C4 and D5 designations put the missiles within the "family" that started in 1960 with 141: 1395: 1131: 826: 656: 358: 206:-class SSBNs in 1978. The ULMS II missile system was designed to be retrofitted to the existing SSBNs, while also being fitted to the proposed 2683: 2203: 1723: 661: 244:(CEP), or accuracy, and was first deployed in 1990, and was planned to be in service for the thirty-year life of the submarines, until 2027. 1187: 1051: 930: 800: 133: 1777: 440:-class SSBNs. There have been 172 successful test flights of the D5 missile since design completion in 1989, the most recent being from 1771: 797:"Letter to Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher of the United Kingdom Confirming the Sale of the Trident II Missile System to Her Country" 1083: 907: 1765: 1284: 834: 761: 201: 1022: 858: 284: 417: 312: 717: 2712: 2600: 2529: 1760: 1375: 476: 28: 1161: 2457: 1693: 1688: 782:
Suzanne Doyle, "The United States Sale of Trident to Britain, 1977–1982: Deal Making in the Anglo-American Relationship."
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The total cost of the Trident program thus far came to $ 39.546 billion in 2011, with a cost of $ 70 million per missile.
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The second variant of the Trident is more sophisticated and can carry a heavier payload. It is accurate enough to be a
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and traveled almost its full range of 4,600 miles (7,400 km), to a point in the South Atlantic Ocean near
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on 10 July 1980, to request that he approve supply of Trident I missiles. However, in 1982 Thatcher wrote to
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on 22 February 2012. This was almost exactly 22 years after the first Trident II missile was launched from
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This article is about the Trident missile. For a discussion of the British nuclear weapons program, see
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in May 2019. There have been fewer than 10 test flights that were failures, the most recent being from
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Ministry of Defence and Property Services Agency: Control and Management of the Trident Programme
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in January 2024. This is the second failure in a row for the Royal Navy after a launch from
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conventional warhead version is a fragmentation version that would disperse thousands of
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outlined plans in Parliament on 4 December 2006 to build a new generation of submarines (
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and is maintained by a joint Draper/General Dynamics Mission Systems facility. It is an
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operates their missiles from a shared pool, together with the Atlantic squadron of the
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The first flight test of a D-5 LE subsystem, the MK 6 Mod 1 guidance system, in
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Trident missiles are provided to the United Kingdom under the terms of the 1963
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A Trident II missile fires its first stage after an underwater launch from a
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Kristensen, Hans M.; McKinzie, Matthew; Postol, Theodore A. (1 March 2017).
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McCann, Kate; Dominiczak, Peter; Swinford, Steven (23 January 2017).
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Cold War submarine-launched ballistic missiles of the United States
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and the re-entry vehicles plunging into the Atlantic Ocean, 1981
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which was modified in 1982 for Trident. British Prime Minister
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The launching of a Trident I C-4 missile from the submerged
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Trident I first launch on 18 January 1977 at Cape Canaveral
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Submarine-launched ballistic missiles of the United States
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The guidance system for the missile was developed by the
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weapon. All three stages of the Trident II are made of
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government as a research and development contribution.
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American class of submarine-launched ballistic missile
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on. The D5 missile is currently carried by fourteen
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US DoD. 26 November 2007. 2607: 2536: 2488: 2348: 2315: 2301: 2293: 2156: 1797: 1435: 1410: 1396: 1388: 1322:"Experts warn of an accidental atomic war" 165:, with American warheads, as well as four 38: 2323:Strategic nuclear weapon systems of the 1384:at the Federation of American Scientists 278: 1357:Basic characteristics of Trident II D-5 1160:Burgess, Richard R. (8 November 2018). 963:. UK Defence Journal. 22 January 2017. 683: 142:Lockheed Missiles and Space Corporation 1298: 803:from the original on 13 September 2010 764:from the original on 12 September 2007 657:Nuclear weapons and the United Kingdom 2718:Nuclear weapons of the United Kingdom 2708:Cold War weapons of the United States 2684:Nuclear weapons of the United Kingdom 720:from the original on 12 December 2010 662:Nuclear weapons and the United States 506:Demonstration and Shakedown Operation 323:system (this combination is known as 7: 2723:Nuclear weapons of the United States 1223:from the original on 26 January 2013 1186:Burgess, Richard R. (10 June 2021). 1112:from the original on 12 October 2012 1086:from the original on 8 November 2012 967:from the original on 2 February 2017 941:from the original on 25 January 2017 134:submarine-launched ballistic missile 1778:Tactical Atomic Demolition Munition 1242:Shachtman, Noah (4 December 2006). 1054:from the original on 29 August 2010 523:D5LE2 (D5 Life Extension Program 2) 1772:Special Atomic Demolition Munition 1320:Rosenberg, Eric (6 October 2006). 1287:from the original on 14 April 2012 1074:"UK nuclear weapons plan unveiled" 892:from the original on 5 March 2017. 857:. 15 February 2011. Archived from 25: 1766:Medium Atomic Demolition Munition 886:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 752:Popejoy, Mary (5 November 2005). 1334:from the original on 8 June 2008 910:from the original on 10 May 2019 694:. Naval Technology. 10 July 2023 692:"SSBN-SSGN Ohio Class Submarine" 597: 584: 483:D5LE (D5 Life Extension Program) 240:) had the objective of improved 140:(MIRV). Originally developed by 49: 1217:Jane's Strategic Weapon Systems 313:Charles Stark Draper Laboratory 2733:Trident (UK nuclear programme) 29:Trident (UK nuclear programme) 1: 2672:Blue Peacock nuclear landmine 1419:United States nuclear devices 1108:. US Navy. 22 February 2012. 70:Lockheed Martin Space Systems 2130:Reliable Replacement Warhead 153:ballistic missile submarines 144:, the missile is armed with 392:ballistic missile submarine 2749: 397: 346: 317:inertial navigation system 26: 2680: 2331: 1275:Wood, Sara, Sgt. (2006). 1139:Undersea Warfare Magazine 742:, January 19, 1977, p.I-2 508:(DASO)-23, took place on 232:Trident I (designated as 96: 48: 2660:Other cancelled projects 1281:US Department of Defense 829:. 29 June 1987. Part 4. 784:Diplomacy and Statecraft 373:Trident II (D5) UGM-133A 1327:San Francisco Chronicle 786:, 28:3 (2017), 477–493. 325:astro-inertial guidance 249:Polaris Sales Agreement 242:circular error probable 1141:. US Navy. 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1794: 1793:Thermonuclear 1790: 1779: 1776: 1773: 1770: 1767: 1764: 1762: 1759: 1757: 1754: 1752: 1749: 1748: 1746: 1744: 1738: 1731: 1728: 1725: 1722: 1720: 1717: 1715: 1712: 1710: 1707: 1705: 1702: 1700: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1690: 1687: 1685: 1682: 1681: 1679: 1675: 1669: 1666: 1664: 1661: 1659: 1656: 1654: 1651: 1650: 1648: 1644: 1638: 1635: 1633: 1630: 1628: 1625: 1623: 1620: 1618: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1603: 1600: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1573: 1570: 1568: 1565: 1563: 1560: 1558: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1548: 1545: 1543: 1540: 1539: 1537: 1533: 1527: 1524: 1522: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1512: 1509: 1507: 1504: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1479: 1477: 1474: 1472: 1469: 1467: 1464: 1461: 1458: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1446: 1445: 1443: 1441: 1440:Gravity bombs 1437: 1434: 1432: 1424: 1420: 1413: 1408: 1406: 1401: 1399: 1394: 1393: 1390: 1383: 1380: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1368: 1365: 1361: 1358: 1355: 1354: 1350: 1333: 1329: 1328: 1323: 1316: 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US Navy. 275:Description 183:Development 2697:Categories 2548:Resolution 2417:Yellow Sun 2385:Blue Steel 1448:Little Boy 1429:(including 1197:9 November 1029:28 January 1003:25 January 971:24 January 945:26 January 678:References 592:Royal Navy 495:Tony Blair 466:Royal Navy 383:Royal Navy 167:Royal Navy 2412:Red Beard 2197:Artillery 2152:radiation 1743:munitions 1677:Artillery 1338:9 October 578:Operators 517:Tennessee 512:Tennessee 510:USS  470:U.S. Navy 458:Vengeance 456:HMS  449:HMS  442:USS  430:Tennessee 361:, Florida 302:aerospike 271:targets. 255:wrote to 191:Lafayette 2619:Vanguard 2575:warheads 2559:missiles 2509:warheads 2463:Red Snow 2431:warheads 2378:missiles 2352:Aircraft 2334:Timeline 2282:RACER IV 2256:Starling 2160:Warheads 2150:Enhanced 1928:Warheads 1535:Warheads 1462:(Mark 3) 1456:(Mark 2) 1454:Thin Man 1450:(Mark 1) 1431:boosted) 1360:Archived 1332:Archived 1301:cite web 1291:10 April 1285:Archived 1221:Archived 1192:Seapower 1166:Seapower 1110:Archived 1084:Archived 1079:BBC News 1052:Archived 965:Archived 939:Archived 908:Archived 890:Archived 801:Archived 762:Archived 758:navy.mil 724:19 March 718:Archived 611:See also 564:tungsten 531:Columbia 451:Vanguard 438:Vanguard 422:Vanguard 387:Vanguard 337:Poseidon 297:nitrogen 171:Vanguard 113:Guidance 43:Trident 2640:missile 2601:Trident 2530:Polaris 2516:Ulysses 2390:Skybolt 2277:Sausage 2251:Kinglet 1863:Mark 39 1858:Mark 36 1848:Mark 27 1843:Mark 26 1838:Mark 24 1828:Mark 21 1823:Mark 17 1813:Mark 15 1808:Mark 14 1751:XM1 ADM 1653:Mark 90 1516:Mark 20 1511:Mark 18 1506:Mark 13 1501:Mark 12 1496:Mark 11 1491:Mark 10 1460:Fat Man 1427:Fission 1058:30 July 698:10 July 617:Agni-VI 333:Polaris 223:Florida 107:Mach 19 84:13.41 m 2582:ET.317 2468:WE.177 2422:WE.177 2272:Gadget 2246:Tsetse 2241:Python 1780:(TADM) 1774:(SADM) 1768:(MADM) 1756:T2 ADM 1663:Mk 105 1658:Mk 101 1521:Mk 105 1486:Mark 8 1481:Mark 7 1476:Mark 6 1471:Mark 5 1466:Mark 4 1171:22 May 833:  768:16 May 602:  589:  389:-class 115:system 92:2.11 m 81:Length 2231:Robin 2132:(RRW) 1975:XW-46 1955:XW-35 1632:W76-2 1617:XW-51 1135:(PDF) 997:(PDF) 990:(PDF) 914:9 May 412:, or 132:is a 89:Width 2236:Swan 1950:TX29 1878:TX46 1833:TX22 1818:TX16 1340:2006 1307:link 1293:2006 1262:2012 1229:2012 1199:2022 1173:2020 1147:2012 1118:2012 1092:2012 1060:2010 1031:2009 1005:2017 973:2017 947:2017 916:2019 867:2012 831:ISBN 809:2012 770:2012 726:2015 700:2023 637:JL-2 632:JL-1 627:ICBM 473:Ohio 464:The 434:Ohio 426:Ohio 367:Ohio 285:USS 209:Ohio 200:and 161:Ohio 128:The 2210:W82 2204:W79 2187:W70 2182:W66 2177:W65 2172:W64 2167:W63 2136:W93 2125:W91 2120:W89 2115:W88 2110:W87 2105:W86 2100:W85 2095:W84 2090:W80 2085:W78 2080:W76 2075:W73 2070:W71 2065:W70 2060:W69 2055:W68 2050:W67 2045:W64 2040:W63 2035:W62 2030:W61 2025:W60 2020:W59 2015:W58 2010:W56 2005:W55 2000:W53 1995:W52 1990:W50 1985:W49 1980:W47 1970:W41 1965:W39 1960:W38 1945:W28 1940:W27 1935:W15 1919:B90 1903:B90 1898:B83 1893:B77 1888:B61 1883:B53 1873:B43 1868:B41 1853:B28 1730:W82 1724:W79 1719:W75 1714:W74 1709:W54 1704:W48 1699:W33 1694:W23 1689:W19 1668:B57 1637:W81 1627:W72 1622:W54 1612:W45 1607:W44 1602:W42 1597:W40 1592:W37 1587:W34 1582:W31 1577:W30 1572:W25 1567:W13 1562:W12 1526:B57 559:GPS 550:". 308:. 221:in 2699:: 2212:-0 2206:-0 2189:-3 1761:T4 1732:-1 1726:-1 1684:W9 1557:W8 1552:W7 1547:W5 1542:W4 1330:. 1324:. 1303:}} 1299:{{ 1283:. 1279:. 1246:. 1215:. 1190:. 1164:. 1137:. 1076:. 1039:^ 937:. 933:. 888:. 884:. 853:. 825:. 756:. 408:, 238:D5 234:C4 229:. 213:. 194:, 179:. 2316:e 2309:t 2302:v 1411:e 1404:t 1397:v 1342:. 1309:) 1295:. 1264:. 1231:. 1201:. 1175:. 1149:. 1120:. 1094:. 1062:. 1033:. 1007:. 975:. 949:. 918:. 869:. 839:. 811:. 772:. 728:. 702:. 394:. 31:. 20:)

Index

Trident missile
Trident (UK nuclear programme)

Lockheed Martin Space Systems
Inertial guidance
submarine-launched ballistic missile
multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles
Lockheed Missiles and Space Corporation
thermonuclear warheads
nuclear-powered
ballistic missile submarines
United States Navy
Ohio-class submarines
Royal Navy
Vanguard-class submarines
trident of Neptune
Lafayette
James Madison
Benjamin Franklin
Ohio-class submarine
Cape Canaveral
Florida
Ascension Island
circular error probable
Polaris Sales Agreement
Margaret Thatcher
President Carter
President Reagan

USS Francis Scott Key

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