33:
454:
442:
950:
nonflowering regressive stage. Approximately one of every four reproductive plants regresses to a nonflowering state in any given year. Under the right conditions, individuals may undergo extended dormancy, that is, they may cease above-ground growth for one or more years. In western
Montana, dormancy was observed in all adult stage classes, with most plants returning to above ground status in a year or two, although some plants exhibited dormancy for 3–5 years.
80:
57:
427:
2 to 6 cm (1 to 2.5 in) in length. The sepals are 15 to 50 mm (0.59 to 1.97 in) long and 6 to 20 mm (0.24 to 0.79 in) wide, while the petals are 15 to 70 mm (0.59 to 2.76 in) long and 10 to 40 mm (0.39 to 1.57 in) wide. Typically the flower opens
949:
include a cotyledon stage, a one-leaf vegetative stage, a three-leaf vegetative (juvenile) stage, a three-leaf reproductive (flowering) stage, and a three-leaf nonflowering regressive stage. An example of the latter involves a transition from the three-leaf flowering stage to a three-leaf
911:
is inconsistently reported in the literature. After examining specimens from
Montana, Idaho, Oregon, Washington, and California, Gates (1917) deduced that the taxon ranged from "western Montana and southern Washington to middle California (Santa Cruz Mountains)". More recently, Wayman et
900:. It is found growing at elevations from 4,000–6,300 feet (1,200–1,900 m), often in cold mountain streams, on the banks of mountain lakes, or at the base of cliffs where late summer snow patches linger.
420:
ovatum means “egg-shaped,” which refers to the petals, not the leaves. The latter are generally ovate-rhombic, 7 to 12 cm (3 to 5 in) long by 5 to 20 cm (2 to 8 in) wide.
2460:
Wayman, Kjirsten A.; Wright, Alexander J.; Renner, Maralyn; Floden, Aaron; Lampley, Jayne A.; Farmer, Susan B.; Schilling, Edward E. (6 March 2024). "New insights into systematics of the
912:
al. (2024) concluded that the taxon "occurs in the Rocky
Mountains" of Idaho, Montana, Washington, and Colorado, with the caveat that "additional field and lab work are necessary".
990:
fall within protected areas in northern
California but since the effects of wildfire and climate change are unknown, continued monitoring of existing populations is recommended.
838:. It is often found growing in coniferous and mixed coniferous-deciduous forests, in and around alder thickets and shrubs. Along the California coast, it is commonly found under
3446:
2857:
441:
3315:
2909:
453:
3436:
575:
honors
Frederick W. Oettinger who collected the type specimen in July 1967. The type is one of about 1,500 specimens collected by Oettinger in the
3250:
3091:
2805:
3451:
3289:
3117:
2870:
2818:
3130:
2961:
1211:
2254:
2146:
3421:
1650:
1587:
1370:
1073:
2548:
939:
3441:
2516:
2160:
3276:
3104:
3078:
2844:
1632:
1569:
1352:
1055:
64:
2193:
3294:
843:
3122:
2875:
1524:
2575:
1536:
2987:
2730:
1811:
1642:
1579:
1494:
1362:
1197:
1065:
885:
877:
787:
584:
3320:
854:
inland from the redwood and
Douglas fir forests of California and Oregon, nor on ridges where the trees are sparse.
3367:
3143:
2974:
2619:
2563:
2333:
1854:
1849:
1708:
1703:
1638:
1575:
1358:
1319:
1314:
1154:
1149:
1115:
1110:
1061:
881:
576:
506:
499:
370:
2914:
32:
3431:
1807:
1490:
1193:
1011:
897:
79:
3372:
2389:
2092:
479:
199:
3148:
2979:
2638:
795:
693:
refers to a form with mottled leaves that occurs in northern
California. Its type specimen was collected in
3242:
2797:
2591:
1781:
1464:
1179:
924:
observations of flowering plants of this species peak during the first week of April. For comparison, when
3237:
3216:
3070:
2792:
2745:
2683:
2538:
2395:
Flora
Americae Septentrionalis; or A systematic arrangement and description of the plants of North America
1248:
646:
603:
2735:
2823:
926:
561:
428:
white and becomes pink with age, but in the Smith River Canyon area of northern
California and southern
417:
390:
183:
2766:
2721:
2025:
1674:
839:
736:
628:
565:
2393:
2358:
O'Neill, Darlene M.; Farmer, Susan B.; Floden, Aaron; Lampley, Jayne; Schilling, Edward E. (2020).
46:
3307:
2901:
2492:
2265:
3393:
3169:
3135:
3023:
2966:
2297:
1215:
819:
207:
74:
920:
Flowers bloom late
February in the southern part of its range, and in March or April elsewhere.
2888:
2862:
3426:
3341:
3224:
2935:
2753:
2654:
2399:
2250:
873:
3346:
2940:
2473:
2375:
2289:
1408:
869:
803:
799:
694:
616:
580:
569:
491:
424:
405:
366:
351:
1956:
3328:
2922:
1914:
1646:
1583:
1366:
1069:
921:
807:
650:
402:
347:
117:
2050:
1729:
3359:
3354:
2953:
2948:
1392:
495:
413:
104:
1192:. Vol. 26. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org,
3415:
2883:
889:
783:
632:
483:
362:
358:
354:
150:
130:
1793:
1476:
1187:
868:
to a relatively small region in northwestern California. It occurs primarily in the
3398:
3229:
3174:
3083:
3028:
2758:
893:
1433:
40:
Pacific trillium blooming in Aldergrove Regional Park (British Columbia, Canada).
3205:
3059:
2992:
3302:
3263:
3015:
2896:
2831:
2715:
2364:(Melanthiaceae), a phylogenetically distinct species from western North America"
2310:
2058:
1837:
1136:
847:
395:. Apart from geographic location, the two species are not easily distinguished.
2706:
2477:
2380:
2359:
1094:
2243:
1687:
1412:
1302:
791:
778:
744:
2779:
2553:
2544:
851:
447:
Supported by thin white filaments, the yellow anthers are 4–16 mm long
3385:
3161:
3005:
3333:
2927:
3380:
3199:
3156:
3053:
3000:
2700:
831:
756:
558:
476:
160:
140:
1965:
County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA)
3255:
3096:
2810:
2419:
2301:
1923:
State-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA)
865:
835:
827:
811:
657:
means "narrow-sepalled", the primary difference between it and typical
487:
409:
343:
3268:
2836:
823:
620:
429:
2677:
2293:
1557:
680:, but recent evidence suggests the taxon may be a distinct species.
3281:
3109:
2849:
2784:
1620:
1340:
1043:
815:
624:
91:
2145:
sfnp error: no target: CITEREFMeredithFrancesHighlandOliver2022 (
2771:
2403:
2681:
850:
in ravines along mountain streams. It does not grow in the dry
810:
from southeastern British Columbia and the tip of southwestern
505:
As of April 2024, the following varieties are accepted by
1874:
1506:
1504:
2140:
459:
The flower starts white, but often becomes pink as it matures
381:
The most widespread of the western North American trilliums,
357:. It is the most widespread and abundant trillium in western
1798:. Vol. 26. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press
1481:. Vol. 26. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press
2104:
Kelseya, the Newsletter of the Montana Native Plant Society
697:
in 1996. It is the only reported instance of a pedicellate
416:, each 20 to 50 cm (8 to 19.5 in) in length. The
1897:
1895:
938:
lacks sufficient winter hardiness to flourish east of the
601:
itself was treated by Frederick W. Case Jr. in
2225:
2037:
1997:
1824:
1764:
1607:
782:
is the most widespread and abundant trillium in western
1843:(T.M.C.Taylor & Szczaw.) D.O'Neill & S.B.Farmer
1792:. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.).
1475:. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.).
1186:. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.).
934:
is already fading in western North America. Apparently
741:(T.M.C.Taylor & Szczaw.) D.O'Neill & S.B.Farmer
701:
with mottled leaves. There is no evidence that f.
1226:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team
1006:
1004:
1002:
2431:(MIS thesis). Missoula, MT: The University of Montana
830:. There is a small, isolated population in northern
732:(T.M.C.Taylor & Szczaw.) G.W.Douglas & Pojar
3185:
3039:
2690:
2455:(MA thesis). Arcata, CA: Humboldt State University.
1401:
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany
412:. At maturity, each plant has one or two flowering
2242:
2097:in Western Montana: Implications for Conservation"
986:), respectively. All known occurrences of variety
896:straddling the border between Siskiyou County and
587:. Hence Oettinger's trillium is also known as the
2266:"A systematic study of the North American genus
1775:
1773:
888:. Smaller populations are known to occur in the
1173:
1171:
1038:
1036:
645:was described by the Canadian-born geneticist
385:varies greatly within its range. Despite this,
1967:. Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014
1925:. Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014
1255:. Berkeley, California: The Calflora Database.
2241:Case, Frederick W.; Case, Roberta B. (1997).
8:
1795:Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA)
1478:Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA)
1189:Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA)
649:in 1917. Its type specimen was collected in
1391:Munz, Philip A.; Thorne, Robert F. (1973).
958:In 2019, the global conservation status of
475:was first described by the German–American
2678:
1243:
1241:
55:
31:
20:
2379:
627:was recommended at species rank based on
2639:""New" Trillium in Northwest California"
2312:A systematic and biogeographic study of
1985:
1901:
1510:
1277:
1265:
930:is fully open in eastern North America,
2282:Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden
2270:, its variability, and its relation to
1886:
998:
437:
261:
228:
3447:Taxa named by Frederick Traugott Pursh
2009:
1943:
1623:Trillium ovatum var. stenosepalum
1343:Trillium ovatum subsp. oettingeri
2599:American Rock Garden Society Bulletin
2021:
1670:
1289:
1224:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
846:, Montana, it grows under spruce and
432:, the petals become almost barn-red.
408:that spreads by means of underground
263:
230:
7:
2345:(MS). University of British Columbia
2128:
2078:
826:, and southeastward through western
607:in 2002. Unlike the typical variety
1651:Australian National Botanic Gardens
1588:Australian National Botanic Gardens
1371:Australian National Botanic Gardens
1074:Australian National Botanic Gardens
3437:Flora of the Western United States
2641:. Backcountry Press. 16 March 2024
2549:University of California, Berkeley
2249:. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press.
14:
3373:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1019402-1
1444:. California Native Plant Society
3149:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:258349-2
2980:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:317429-2
2618:Rottink, Bruce (29 March 2016).
2525:Burke Herbarium Image Collection
2443:Renner, Maralyn A. (June 1980).
452:
440:
78:
2421:Life History and Demography of
1780:Case Jr., Frederick W. (2002).
1633:International Plant Names Index
1570:International Plant Names Index
1463:Case Jr., Frederick W. (2002).
1353:International Plant Names Index
1178:Case Jr., Frederick W. (2002).
1056:International Plant Names Index
978:were ranked Apparently Secure (
966:). At the same time, varieties
842:and mixed evergreen forest. At
755:, but rather it is a member of
3452:Garden plants of North America
2428:(Liliaceae) in Western Montana
2319:(PhD). University of Tennessee
498:during the return trip of the
389:closely resembles the eastern
369:during the return trip of the
1:
2665:. BC Conservation Data Centre
2624:: The Princess of the Forest"
2449:(Liliaceae): The pedicellate
2264:Gates, R.R. (February 1917).
1525:"Salmon Mountain wake robin (
962:was determined to be Secure (
2576:United States Forest Service
2332:O'Neill, Darlene M. (1995).
1563:(Munz & Thorne) M.Renner
1537:United States Forest Service
2091:Ream, Tarn (Summer 2011a).
1812:Harvard University Herbaria
1643:Harvard University Herbaria
1580:Harvard University Herbaria
1495:Harvard University Herbaria
1393:"A New Northern California
1363:Harvard University Herbaria
1198:Harvard University Herbaria
1066:Harvard University Herbaria
585:Siskiyou County, California
3468:
3422:NatureServe secure species
2590:Dusek, Edith (Fall 1980).
2478:10.3120/0024-9637-70.3.158
2381:10.11646/phytotaxa.436.2.9
2309:Lampley, Jayne A. (2021).
1855:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1850:Plants of the World Online
1709:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1704:Plants of the World Online
1639:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1576:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1359:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1320:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1315:Plants of the World Online
1155:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1150:Plants of the World Online
1116:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1111:Plants of the World Online
1062:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
721:T.M.C.Taylor & Szczaw.
589:Salmon Mountains wakerobin
577:Marble Mountain Wilderness
507:Plants of the World Online
500:Lewis and Clark Expedition
371:Lewis and Clark Expedition
16:Species of flowering plant
2592:"Trilliums western style"
2564:"Western White Trillium (
2040:, pp. 159, 165, 168.
1808:Missouri Botanical Garden
1806:– via eFloras.org,
1491:Missouri Botanical Garden
1489:– via eFloras.org,
1413:10.5642/aliso.19730801.13
1194:Missouri Botanical Garden
945:The life-cycle stages of
794:northward throughout the
705:is distinct from typical
661:. As of April 2024,
213:
206:
189:
182:
75:Scientific classification
73:
53:
44:
39:
30:
23:
3442:Plants described in 1813
2453:of the Pacific Northwest
2000:, pp. 159, 164–166.
1104:(Munz & Thorne) Case
806:. It also occurs in the
770:Distribution and habitat
528:(Munz & Thorne) Case
480:Frederick Traugott Pursh
2557:and the Trillium family
796:California Coast Ranges
549:was first described as
2503:. The Jepson Herbarium
2141:Meredith et al. (2022)
1986:Case & Case (1997)
1902:Case & Case (1997)
1889:, pp. 13, 14, 18.
1810:, St. Louis, MO &
1511:Case & Case (1997)
1493:, St. Louis, MO &
1292:, pp. x–xii, 245.
1278:Case & Case (1997)
1266:Case & Case (1997)
1196:, St. Louis, MO &
647:Reginald Ruggles Gates
615:has leaves with short
604:Flora of North America
336:western white trillium
289:Case & R.B.Case
1875:O'Neill et al. (2020)
927:Trillium grandiflorum
653:in 1891. The epithet
562:Philip Alexander Munz
423:The flower sits on a
266:Trillium californicum
2362:Trillium hibbersonii
2226:Wayman et al. (2024)
2206:NatureServe Explorer
2173:NatureServe Explorer
2038:Wayman et al. (2024)
1998:Wayman et al. (2024)
1840:Trillium hibbersonii
1825:Wayman et al. (2024)
1765:Wayman et al. (2024)
1608:Wayman et al. (2024)
1020:NatureServe Explorer
903:The distribution of
872:, a subrange of the
814:, southward through
749:Trillium hibbersonii
737:Trillium hibbersonii
566:Robert Folger Thorne
392:T. grandiflorum
330:, also known as the
2418:Ream, Tarn (2011).
2335:Taxonomic study of
2228:, pp. 167–168.
2051:"Pacific Trillium (
1610:, pp. 166–168.
1560:Trillium oettingeri
1513:, pp. 118–119.
1268:, pp. 114–115.
884:, and northeastern
691:Case & R.B.Case
47:Conservation status
2012:, pp. 19, 22.
940:continental divide
876:, in southwestern
751:is not related to
619:and linear flower
240:Munz & Thorne
3409:
3408:
3342:Open Tree of Life
2936:Open Tree of Life
2684:Taxon identifiers
2256:978-0-88192-374-2
1346:Munz & Thorne
1249:"Trillium ovatum"
874:Klamath Mountains
822:and northeastern
802:and southwestern
786:. It ranges from
734:are synonyms for
672:is a synonym for
332:western wakerobin
319:
318:
310:
302:
290:
278:
274:Trillium obovatum
270:
241:
68:
3459:
3432:Ephemeral plants
3402:
3401:
3389:
3388:
3376:
3375:
3363:
3362:
3350:
3349:
3337:
3336:
3324:
3323:
3311:
3310:
3298:
3297:
3285:
3284:
3272:
3271:
3259:
3258:
3246:
3245:
3233:
3232:
3220:
3219:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3190:
3187:Trillium ovatum
3178:
3177:
3165:
3164:
3152:
3151:
3139:
3138:
3126:
3125:
3113:
3112:
3100:
3099:
3087:
3086:
3074:
3073:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3044:
3041:Trillium ovatum
3032:
3031:
3019:
3018:
3009:
3008:
2996:
2995:
2983:
2982:
2970:
2969:
2957:
2956:
2944:
2943:
2931:
2930:
2918:
2917:
2905:
2904:
2892:
2891:
2879:
2878:
2866:
2865:
2853:
2852:
2840:
2839:
2827:
2826:
2814:
2813:
2801:
2800:
2788:
2787:
2775:
2774:
2762:
2761:
2749:
2748:
2739:
2738:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2679:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2596:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2562:Pistrang, Mark.
2547:photo database,
2535:
2533:
2531:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2481:
2456:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2427:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2390:Pursh, Frederick
2385:
2383:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2305:
2260:
2248:
2229:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2138:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2101:
2088:
2082:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2047:
2041:
2035:
2029:
2019:
2013:
2007:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1911:
1905:
1899:
1890:
1884:
1878:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1844:
1834:
1828:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1814:, Cambridge, MA.
1805:
1803:
1777:
1768:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1740:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1698:
1684:
1678:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1627:
1617:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1564:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1523:Pistrang, Mark.
1520:
1514:
1508:
1499:
1498:
1497:, Cambridge, MA.
1488:
1486:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1347:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1309:
1299:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1245:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1200:, Cambridge, MA.
1175:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1105:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1050:
1040:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1008:
870:Salmon Mountains
804:British Columbia
800:Vancouver Island
764:Trillium erectum
742:
733:
722:
695:Mendocino County
692:
671:
581:Salmon Mountains
570:subspecific name
557:by the American
529:
515:
492:Meriwether Lewis
490:was gathered by
456:
444:
418:specific epithet
406:herbaceous plant
367:Meriwether Lewis
365:was gathered by
340:western trillium
328:Pacific trillium
308:
306:Trillium venosum
300:
297:
294:Trillium ovatum
288:
285:
282:Trillium ovatum
276:
268:
258:
239:
236:
233:Trillium ovatum
225:
195:
83:
82:
62:
59:
58:
35:
21:
3467:
3466:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3405:
3397:
3392:
3384:
3379:
3371:
3366:
3358:
3353:
3345:
3340:
3332:
3329:Observation.org
3327:
3319:
3314:
3306:
3301:
3293:
3288:
3280:
3275:
3267:
3262:
3254:
3249:
3241:
3236:
3228:
3223:
3215:
3213:
3204:
3203:
3198:
3188:
3181:
3173:
3168:
3160:
3155:
3147:
3142:
3134:
3129:
3121:
3116:
3108:
3103:
3095:
3090:
3082:
3077:
3069:
3067:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3042:
3035:
3027:
3022:
3014:
3012:
3004:
2999:
2991:
2986:
2978:
2973:
2965:
2960:
2952:
2947:
2939:
2934:
2926:
2923:Observation.org
2921:
2913:
2908:
2900:
2895:
2887:
2882:
2874:
2869:
2861:
2856:
2848:
2843:
2835:
2830:
2822:
2817:
2809:
2804:
2796:
2791:
2783:
2778:
2770:
2765:
2757:
2752:
2744:
2742:
2734:
2729:
2722:Trillium ovatum
2720:
2719:
2714:
2705:
2704:
2699:
2692:Trillium ovatum
2686:
2668:
2666:
2657:Trillium ovatum
2653:
2644:
2642:
2637:
2628:
2626:
2617:
2608:
2606:
2594:
2589:
2580:
2578:
2566:Trillium ovatum
2561:
2540:Trillium ovatum
2529:
2527:
2519:Trillium ovatum
2515:
2506:
2504:
2495:Trillium ovatum
2491:
2488:
2462:Trillium ovatum
2459:
2442:
2434:
2432:
2425:
2423:Trillium ovatum
2417:
2408:
2406:
2388:
2357:
2348:
2346:
2337:Trillium ovatum
2331:
2322:
2320:
2316:(Melanthiaceae)
2308:
2294:10.2307/2990062
2263:
2257:
2240:
2237:
2232:
2224:
2220:
2210:
2208:
2196:Trillium ovatum
2192:
2191:
2187:
2177:
2175:
2163:Trillium ovatum
2159:
2158:
2154:
2144:
2139:
2135:
2127:
2123:
2113:
2111:
2099:
2095:Trillium ovatum
2090:
2089:
2085:
2081:, pp. 2–3.
2077:
2073:
2063:
2061:
2053:Trillium ovatum
2049:
2048:
2044:
2036:
2032:
2020:
2016:
2008:
2004:
1996:
1992:
1984:
1980:
1970:
1968:
1959:Trillium ovatum
1955:
1954:
1950:
1942:
1938:
1928:
1926:
1917:Trillium ovatum
1913:
1912:
1908:
1900:
1893:
1885:
1881:
1873:
1869:
1859:
1857:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1823:
1819:
1801:
1799:
1784:Trillium ovatum
1779:
1778:
1771:
1763:
1759:
1749:
1747:
1738:
1732:Trillium ovatum
1728:
1727:
1723:
1713:
1711:
1696:
1690:Trillium ovatum
1686:
1685:
1681:
1669:
1665:
1655:
1653:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1606:
1602:
1592:
1590:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1541:
1539:
1527:Trillium ovatum
1522:
1521:
1517:
1509:
1502:
1484:
1482:
1467:Trillium ovatum
1462:
1461:
1457:
1447:
1445:
1436:Trillium ovatum
1432:
1431:
1427:
1417:
1415:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1375:
1373:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1324:
1322:
1307:
1305:Trillium ovatum
1301:
1300:
1296:
1288:
1284:
1276:
1272:
1264:
1260:
1247:
1246:
1239:
1229:
1227:
1218:Trillium ovatum
1210:
1209:
1205:
1182:Trillium ovatum
1177:
1176:
1169:
1159:
1157:
1139:Trillium ovatum
1135:
1134:
1130:
1120:
1118:
1103:
1097:Trillium ovatum
1093:
1092:
1088:
1078:
1076:
1048:
1046:Trillium ovatum
1042:
1041:
1034:
1024:
1022:
1014:Trillium ovatum
1010:
1009:
1000:
996:
968:Trillium ovatum
960:Trillium ovatum
956:
922:Citizen science
918:
905:Trillium ovatum
886:Humboldt County
878:Siskiyou County
858:Trillium ovatum
808:Rocky Mountains
788:Monterey County
775:Trillium ovatum
772:
753:Trillium ovatum
740:
731:
725:Trillium ovatum
720:
714:Trillium ovatum
707:Trillium ovatum
690:
684:Trillium ovatum
674:Trillium ovatum
669:
663:Trillium ovatum
659:Trillium ovatum
651:Helena, Montana
639:Trillium ovatum
623:. In 2024, the
595:Trillium ovatum
551:Trillium ovatum
543:Trillium ovatum
533:Trillium ovatum
527:
521:Trillium ovatum
513:
511:Trillium ovatum
509:in addition to
473:Trillium ovatum
470:
465:
464:
463:
460:
457:
448:
445:
399:Trillium ovatum
383:Trillium ovatum
379:
348:flowering plant
323:Trillium ovatum
315:
295:
283:
260:
259:
250:
246:
234:
227:
226:
217:
202:
197:
193:Trillium ovatum
191:
178:
77:
69:
60:
56:
49:
25:Trillium ovatum
17:
12:
11:
5:
3465:
3463:
3455:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3414:
3413:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3399:wfo-0000743135
3390:
3377:
3364:
3351:
3338:
3325:
3312:
3299:
3286:
3273:
3260:
3247:
3234:
3221:
3211:
3195:
3193:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3179:
3175:wfo-0000746088
3166:
3153:
3140:
3127:
3114:
3101:
3088:
3075:
3065:
3049:
3047:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3029:wfo-0000750666
3020:
3010:
2997:
2984:
2971:
2958:
2945:
2932:
2919:
2906:
2893:
2880:
2867:
2854:
2841:
2828:
2815:
2802:
2789:
2776:
2763:
2750:
2740:
2727:
2712:
2696:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2651:
2635:
2615:
2587:
2559:
2551:
2536:
2513:
2487:
2486:External links
2484:
2483:
2482:
2472:(3): 158–171.
2457:
2440:
2415:
2386:
2374:(2): 193–195.
2355:
2329:
2306:
2261:
2255:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2230:
2218:
2185:
2152:
2133:
2121:
2083:
2071:
2042:
2030:
2026:pp. 62–63
2014:
2002:
1990:
1988:, p. 116.
1978:
1948:
1936:
1906:
1904:, p. 120.
1891:
1887:Lampley (2021)
1879:
1867:
1829:
1827:, p. 165.
1817:
1769:
1767:, p. 168.
1757:
1745:WFO Plant List
1721:
1679:
1663:
1612:
1600:
1549:
1515:
1500:
1455:
1425:
1383:
1332:
1294:
1282:
1270:
1258:
1237:
1203:
1167:
1128:
1086:
1032:
997:
995:
992:
982:) and Secure (
974:and var.
955:
952:
947:T. ovatum
936:T. ovatum
932:T. ovatum
917:
914:
882:Trinity County
771:
768:
743:. Despite its
568:in 1973. The
540:
539:
530:
496:Columbia River
482:in 1813. The
469:
466:
462:
461:
458:
451:
449:
446:
439:
436:
435:
434:
387:T. ovatum
378:
375:
317:
316:
314:
313:
312:
311:
303:
291:
279:
271:
249:
248:
247:
245:
244:
243:
242:
216:
215:
214:
211:
210:
204:
203:
198:
187:
186:
180:
179:
175:T. ovatum
172:
170:
166:
165:
158:
154:
153:
148:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
128:
121:
120:
115:
108:
107:
102:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
71:
70:
54:
51:
50:
45:
42:
41:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3464:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3400:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3212:
3207:
3201:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3184:
3176:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3066:
3061:
3055:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3038:
3030:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3011:
3007:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2741:
2737:
2732:
2728:
2723:
2717:
2713:
2708:
2702:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2680:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2652:
2640:
2636:
2625:
2623:
2616:
2604:
2600:
2593:
2588:
2577:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2526:
2522:
2520:
2514:
2502:
2501:Jepson eFlora
2498:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2441:
2430:
2429:
2422:
2416:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2363:
2356:
2344:
2343:
2340:
2336:
2330:
2318:
2317:
2313:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2262:
2258:
2252:
2247:
2246:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2227:
2222:
2219:
2207:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2189:
2186:
2174:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2156:
2153:
2148:
2143:, p. 38.
2142:
2137:
2134:
2131:, p. 57.
2130:
2125:
2122:
2109:
2105:
2098:
2096:
2087:
2084:
2080:
2075:
2072:
2060:
2056:
2054:
2046:
2043:
2039:
2034:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2010:Renner (1980)
2006:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1982:
1979:
1966:
1962:
1960:
1952:
1949:
1946:, p. 18.
1945:
1944:Renner (1980)
1940:
1937:
1924:
1920:
1918:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1868:
1856:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1833:
1830:
1826:
1821:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1761:
1758:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1733:
1725:
1722:
1710:
1706:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1691:
1683:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1667:
1664:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1616:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1601:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1553:
1550:
1538:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1519:
1516:
1512:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1492:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1459:
1456:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1429:
1426:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1396:
1387:
1384:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1336:
1333:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1283:
1280:, p. 39.
1279:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1259:
1254:
1250:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1225:
1221:
1219:
1213:
1207:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1185:
1183:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1132:
1129:
1117:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1098:
1090:
1087:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1021:
1017:
1015:
1007:
1005:
1003:
999:
993:
991:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
953:
951:
948:
943:
941:
937:
933:
929:
928:
923:
915:
913:
910:
906:
901:
899:
898:Shasta County
895:
891:
890:Cascade Range
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
853:
849:
845:
841:
840:coast redwood
837:
834:and southern
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
784:North America
781:
780:
776:
769:
767:
765:
761:
760:
754:
750:
746:
739:
738:
730:
726:
719:
715:
710:
708:
704:
700:
696:
689:
685:
681:
679:
675:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
634:
630:
629:morphological
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
605:
600:
596:
592:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
571:
567:
563:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
538:
534:
531:
526:
522:
519:
518:
517:
512:
508:
503:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
484:type specimen
481:
478:
474:
467:
455:
450:
443:
438:
433:
431:
426:
421:
419:
415:
411:
407:
404:
400:
396:
394:
393:
388:
384:
376:
374:
372:
368:
364:
363:type specimen
360:
359:North America
356:
355:Melanthiaceae
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
324:
307:
304:
299:
292:
287:
280:
275:
272:
267:
264:
262:
257:
253:
238:
231:
229:
224:
220:
212:
209:
205:
201:
196:
194:
188:
185:
184:Binomial name
181:
177:
176:
171:
168:
167:
164:
163:
159:
156:
155:
152:
151:Melanthiaceae
149:
146:
145:
142:
139:
136:
135:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
106:
105:Tracheophytes
103:
100:
97:
96:
93:
90:
87:
86:
81:
76:
72:
66:
52:
48:
43:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
3186:
3040:
2691:
2667:. Retrieved
2660:
2656:
2643:. Retrieved
2629:17 September
2627:. Retrieved
2621:
2607:. Retrieved
2605:(4): 157–167
2602:
2598:
2579:. Retrieved
2569:
2565:
2554:
2539:
2528:. Retrieved
2524:
2518:
2505:. Retrieved
2500:
2494:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2433:. Retrieved
2424:
2420:
2407:. Retrieved
2394:
2371:
2367:
2361:
2347:. Retrieved
2342:
2338:
2334:
2321:. Retrieved
2315:
2311:
2288:(1): 43–92.
2285:
2281:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2244:
2235:Bibliography
2221:
2209:. Retrieved
2205:
2199:
2195:
2188:
2176:. Retrieved
2172:
2166:
2162:
2155:
2136:
2124:
2112:. Retrieved
2107:
2103:
2094:
2086:
2074:
2064:10 September
2062:. Retrieved
2052:
2045:
2033:
2022:Gates (1917)
2017:
2005:
1993:
1981:
1969:. Retrieved
1964:
1958:
1951:
1939:
1927:. Retrieved
1922:
1916:
1909:
1882:
1870:
1858:. Retrieved
1848:
1839:
1832:
1820:
1800:. Retrieved
1794:
1787:
1783:
1760:
1748:. Retrieved
1744:
1736:stenosepalum
1735:
1731:
1724:
1712:. Retrieved
1702:
1694:stenosepalum
1693:
1689:
1682:
1671:Gates (1917)
1666:
1654:. Retrieved
1631:
1622:
1615:
1603:
1591:. Retrieved
1568:
1559:
1552:
1540:. Retrieved
1530:
1526:
1518:
1483:. Retrieved
1477:
1470:
1466:
1458:
1446:. Retrieved
1439:
1435:
1428:
1416:. Retrieved
1407:(1): 15–17.
1404:
1400:
1394:
1386:
1374:. Retrieved
1351:
1342:
1335:
1323:. Retrieved
1313:
1304:
1297:
1290:Pursh (1814)
1285:
1273:
1261:
1252:
1228:. Retrieved
1223:
1217:
1206:
1188:
1181:
1158:. Retrieved
1148:
1142:
1138:
1131:
1119:. Retrieved
1109:
1100:
1096:
1089:
1077:. Retrieved
1054:
1045:
1023:. Retrieved
1019:
1013:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
957:
954:Conservation
946:
944:
935:
931:
925:
919:
909:stenosepalum
908:
904:
902:
894:Mount Shasta
861:
857:
856:
777:
774:
773:
763:
758:
752:
748:
735:
728:
724:
717:
713:
711:
706:
702:
698:
687:
683:
682:
677:
673:
667:stenosepalum
666:
662:
658:
655:stenosepalum
654:
643:stenosepalum
642:
638:
637:
633:phylogenetic
612:
608:
602:
598:
594:
593:
588:
572:
554:
553:subsp.
550:
546:
542:
541:
536:
532:
524:
520:
510:
504:
472:
471:
422:
398:
397:
391:
386:
382:
380:
339:
335:
331:
327:
322:
321:
320:
305:
301:R.R.Gates
298:stenosepalum
293:
281:
273:
265:
255:
251:
232:
222:
218:
192:
190:
174:
173:
161:
124:
111:
98:
24:
18:
3303:NatureServe
3264:iNaturalist
2897:NatureServe
2832:iNaturalist
2716:Wikispecies
2530:20 February
2507:20 February
2445:Studies in
2409:8 September
2349:20 February
2341:hibbersonii
2323:19 February
2129:Ream (2011)
2079:Ream (2011)
2059:iNaturalist
1230:15 December
880:, northern
848:Douglas fir
790:in central
729:hibbersonii
718:hibbersonii
583:in western
377:Description
118:Angiosperms
65:NatureServe
3416:Categories
3360:kew-289469
3355:Plant List
3214:Calflora:
3191:oettingeri
3068:Calflora:
3045:oettingeri
2954:kew-290604
2949:Plant List
2743:Calflora:
2659:var.
2568:var.
2464:complex".
2435:2019-10-21
2398:. London.
2198:var.
2167:oettingeri
2165:var.
2114:22 October
1734:var.
1692:var.
1675:p. 62
1531:oettingeri
1529:var.
1471:oettingeri
1440:oettingeri
1212:USDA, NRCS
1141:var.
1101:oettingeri
1099:var.
994:References
988:oettingeri
972:oettingeri
970:var.
907:var.
862:oettingeri
860:var.
820:Washington
818:, eastern
792:California
779:sensu lato
745:provenance
727:var.
712:The names
676:var.
665:var.
641:var.
635:analysis.
613:oettingeri
611:, variety
599:oettingeri
597:var.
573:oettingeri
555:oettingeri
547:oettingeri
545:var.
535:var.
525:oettingeri
523:var.
494:along the
309:R.R.Gates
269:Kellogg
237:oettingeri
223:oettingeri
3282:1019402-1
3243:242102312
3206:Q24692759
3060:Q32854482
2889:116996352
2798:242102002
2581:7 October
2545:CalPhotos
2368:Phytotaxa
2245:Trilliums
1739:R.R.Gates
1697:R.R.Gates
1647:Libraries
1626:R.R.Gates
1584:Libraries
1367:Libraries
1070:Libraries
852:chaparral
844:Lolo Pass
757:subgenus
703:maculosum
688:maculosum
670:R.R.Gates
631:data and
559:botanists
502:in 1806.
486:for this
403:perennial
373:in 1806.
286:maculosum
252:T. ovatum
219:T. ovatum
169:Species:
88:Kingdom:
3427:Trillium
3386:50186318
3381:Tropicos
3308:2.134480
3200:Wikidata
3162:18401371
3157:Tropicos
3110:258349-2
3054:Wikidata
3013:VASCAN:
3006:18401370
3001:Tropicos
2902:2.134522
2863:10197627
2850:317429-2
2707:Q3024360
2701:Wikidata
2669:30 April
2622:Trillium
2609:23 March
2555:Trillium
2451:Trillium
2447:Trillium
2404:05024608
2392:(1814).
2314:Trillium
2268:Trillium
2211:24 April
2178:24 April
1971:29 April
1929:29 April
1860:19 April
1802:18 April
1750:26 April
1714:25 April
1656:25 April
1593:18 April
1542:18 April
1485:18 April
1448:18 April
1418:18 April
1395:Trillium
1376:18 April
1325:19 April
1253:Calflora
1214:(n.d.).
1160:19 April
1121:19 April
1079:19 April
1025:24 April
892:east of
832:Colorado
759:Trillium
716:f.
699:Trillium
686:f.
617:petioles
477:botanist
468:Taxonomy
410:rhizomes
277:Hook.
208:Synonyms
162:Trillium
147:Family:
141:Liliales
131:Monocots
3347:5919334
3321:1685013
3256:2742421
3097:6310776
2811:2742413
2772:1083244
2645:2 April
2543:in the
2466:Madroño
2302:2990062
2276:Medeola
916:Ecology
866:endemic
836:Wyoming
828:Montana
812:Alberta
766:group.
579:of the
488:species
425:pedicel
350:in the
344:species
342:, is a
157:Genus:
137:Order:
92:Plantae
63: (
61:Secure
3334:778692
3295:810375
3131:PLANTS
3043:subsp.
2962:PLANTS
2941:734217
2928:210945
2824:430899
2736:430783
2661:ovatum
2570:ovatum
2426:Pursh.
2402:
2339:forma
2300:
2253:
2200:ovatum
2110:(4): 1
1788:ovatum
1645:&
1635:(IPNI)
1582:&
1572:(IPNI)
1365:&
1355:(IPNI)
1143:ovatum
1068:&
1058:(IPNI)
976:ovatum
824:Oregon
762:, the
678:ovatum
621:petals
609:ovatum
537:ovatum
430:Oregon
414:scapes
361:. Its
352:family
326:, the
256:ovatum
235:subsp.
3269:80260
3230:5RWMH
3136:TROVO
3123:43082
2993:18398
2967:TROV2
2915:82492
2876:43080
2858:IRMNG
2837:49463
2785:TLIOV
2759:58TYW
2595:(PDF)
2298:JSTOR
2272:Paris
2100:(PDF)
1786:var.
1469:var.
1438:ssp.
1308:Pursh
1049:Pursh
816:Idaho
625:taxon
514:Pursh
401:is a
338:, or
254:var.
221:var.
200:Pursh
125:Clade
112:Clade
99:Clade
3368:POWO
3316:NCBI
3290:ITIS
3277:IPNI
3251:GBIF
3217:8121
3189:var.
3144:POWO
3118:ITIS
3105:IPNI
3092:GBIF
3084:1534
3079:CNPS
3071:8121
3016:9889
2975:POWO
2910:NCBI
2884:IUCN
2871:ITIS
2845:IPNI
2819:GRIN
2806:GBIF
2780:EPPO
2746:8120
2731:BOLD
2671:2024
2647:2024
2631:2022
2611:2022
2583:2019
2532:2022
2509:2022
2411:2019
2400:LCCN
2351:2022
2325:2022
2274:and
2251:ISBN
2213:2024
2180:2024
2147:help
2116:2019
2066:2019
1973:2024
1931:2024
1862:2024
1804:2024
1752:2024
1716:2024
1658:2024
1595:2024
1544:2024
1487:2024
1450:2024
1420:2024
1378:2024
1327:2024
1232:2015
1162:2024
1123:2024
1081:2024
1027:2024
723:and
564:and
296:var.
3394:WFO
3238:FNA
3225:CoL
3170:WFO
3024:WFO
2988:RHS
2793:FNA
2767:EoL
2754:CoL
2474:doi
2376:doi
2372:436
2290:doi
1409:doi
864:is
798:to
346:of
3418::
3396::
3383::
3370::
3357::
3344::
3331::
3318::
3305::
3292::
3279::
3266::
3253::
3240::
3227::
3202::
3172::
3159::
3146::
3133::
3120::
3107::
3094::
3081::
3056::
3026::
3003::
2990::
2977::
2964::
2951::
2938::
2925::
2912::
2899::
2886::
2873::
2860::
2847::
2834::
2821::
2808::
2795::
2782::
2769::
2756::
2733::
2718::
2703::
2603:38
2601:.
2597:.
2574:.
2572:)"
2523:.
2499:.
2470:70
2468:.
2370:.
2366:.
2296:.
2284:.
2280:.
2204:.
2171:.
2108:24
2106:.
2102:.
2057:.
2055:)"
2024:,
1963:.
1921:.
1894:^
1853:.
1847:.
1772:^
1743:.
1707:.
1701:.
1673:,
1649:;
1641:;
1637:.
1630:.
1586:;
1578:;
1574:.
1567:.
1535:.
1533:)"
1503:^
1403:.
1399:.
1369:;
1361:;
1357:.
1350:.
1318:.
1312:.
1251:.
1240:^
1222:.
1170:^
1153:.
1147:.
1114:.
1108:.
1072:;
1064:;
1060:.
1053:.
1035:^
1018:.
1001:^
984:T5
980:T4
964:G5
942:.
747:,
709:.
591:.
516::
334:,
284:f.
127::
114::
101::
2673:.
2663:"
2655:"
2649:.
2633:.
2620:"
2613:.
2585:.
2534:.
2521:"
2517:"
2511:.
2497:"
2493:"
2480:.
2476::
2438:.
2413:.
2384:.
2378::
2360:"
2353:.
2327:.
2304:.
2292::
2286:4
2278:"
2259:.
2215:.
2202:"
2194:"
2182:.
2169:"
2161:"
2149:)
2118:.
2093:"
2068:.
2028:.
1975:.
1961:"
1957:"
1933:.
1919:"
1915:"
1877:.
1864:.
1845:"
1838:"
1790:"
1782:"
1754:.
1741:"
1730:"
1718:.
1699:"
1688:"
1677:.
1660:.
1628:"
1621:"
1597:.
1565:"
1558:"
1546:.
1473:"
1465:"
1452:.
1442:"
1434:"
1422:.
1411::
1405:8
1397:"
1380:.
1348:"
1341:"
1329:.
1310:"
1303:"
1234:.
1220:"
1216:"
1184:"
1180:"
1164:.
1145:"
1137:"
1125:.
1106:"
1095:"
1083:.
1051:"
1044:"
1029:.
1016:"
1012:"
67:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
