584:, p. 3.).” For Aquinas, “it is natural to ascribe the desire of the finite for the infinite to the human spirit.” Luther identifies the human spirit as “the highest, deepest, noblest part of man, by which he is able to grasp incomprehensible, invisible, and eternal things.” “It soon came to be felt, however, that such a view could not be held in conjunction with the main emphasis of the Reformation." The longing for God, even though unconscious, obscure or misinterpreted, in unregenerated man clashed with the Reformers’ understanding of total depravity. They reasoned that since man is spiritually dead, he is totally passive and cannot even aspire for God. Thus “man was to all intents and purposes ‘de-spirited’.” However, this reduced man to an inanimate object, like a stone or tree, and severely undermined man’s humanity. Man was "a kind of unfeeling and inept material that had to be moved from one place to another." The doctrine of sola gratia, under the influence of Augustine's understanding of grace, undermined human freedom by stressing that grace is not merely indispensable but irresistible. "Fundamentally, the objection was that Augustine had resolved the paradox of inevitability and responsibility at the expense of responsibility, and that he glorified grace by belittling nature and free will." Hendry, a Reformed theologian, and other trichotomists do not see any necessary conflict between man possessing a distinct, created human spirit and the sovereignty of grace, so long as "the nature of spirit and its activity be properly understood."
3601:, Vol 2, p. 936-937. "Sensual- we have no English word for the quality here implied in the Greek word psychikos; and our biblical psychology is, by this defect, entirely at fault. The psyche is the center of the personal being, the 'I' of each individual. It is in each man bound to the spirit, man's higher part, and to the body, man's lower part; drawn upwards by the one, downwards by the other. He who gives himself up to the lower appetites, is fleshly; he who by communion of his spirit with God's Spirit is employed in the higher aims of his being, is spiritual. He who rests midway, thinking only of self and self's interests, is the psychikos, the selfish man, the man in whom the spirit is sunk and degraded into subordination to the subordinate psyche... Not having spirit- not directly the Holy Spirit of God, but the higher spiritual life of man's spirit in communion with the Holy Spirit. These men have not indeed ceased to have a spirit, as a part of their own tripartite nature: but they have ceased to possess it in any worthy sense: it is degraded beneath and under the power of the psyche, the personal life, so as to have no real vitality of its own.
596:
portions spirit, soul, and body... In the tabernacle fashioned by Moses there were three separate compartments. The first was called the holy of holies: here was God's dwelling place, and in it there was no light. The second was called the holy place; here stood a candle-stick with seven arms and seven lamps. The third was called the outer court; this lay under the open sky and in the full light of the sun. In this tabernacle we have a figure of the
Christian man. His spirit is the holy of holies, where God dwells in the darkness of faith, where no light is; for he believes that which he neither sees nor feels nor comprehends. His soul is the holy place, with its seven lamps, that is, all manner of reason, discrimination, knowledge, and understanding of visible and bodily things. His body is the forecourt, open to all, so that men may see his works and manner of life.
3381:, p. 532. "For that flesh which has been moulded is not a perfect man in itself, but the body of a man, and part of a man. Neither is the soul itself, considered apart by itself, the man; but it is the soul of a man, and part of a man. Neither is the spirit a man, for it is called the spirit, and not a man; but the commingling and union of all these constitutes the perfect man." p. 534. "There are three things out of which, as I have shown, the complete man is composed- flesh, soul, and spirit. One of these does indeed preserve and fashion - this is the spirit; while as to another it is united and formed- that is the flesh; then that which is between these two- that is the soul, which sometimes indeed, when it follows the spirit, is raised up by it, but sometimes it sympathizes with the flesh, and falls into carnal lusts."
2508:, p. 109. "And as for the essential condition of man, I certainly agree entirely with the view that the spirit and soul of man are distinguished as primary and secondary, but not with the view that spirit and soul are substantially one and the same... there occur to us two New Testament passages (viz. 1 Thess. v. 23 and Heb. iv. 12) which here claim special consideration, because they denominate, not only casually but designedly, the condition of man's being; and their logically rigid trichotomic mode of expression cannot be summarily set aside with the assertion, that in them is meant the condition of man's life, and especially of the Christian's life, not in relation to its three distinct elements, but assuming the existence of only two elements, only in reference to its three distinct relations."
551:, after Pelagius, used the distinction to teach that "the spirit is excepted from the original sin which affected the body and soul" and that therefore, human nature is essentially good and retains genuine freedom in the will to initiate salvation. Contrary to Pelagius' view of human nature, Augustine taught that, because of original sin, the human nature we receive at birth has been "wounded, hurt, damaged, destroyed" and that, therefore, man is incapable of doing or desiring good apart from the sovereignty of grace. In maintaining the doctrine of original sin against the Pelagian party, Augustine ultimately held to the dichotomist conception of man and thought it safer to pass by the distinction of soul and spirit as an "unprofitable distinction".
337:
only gradually unfolded in
Scripture, so we may expect it to be with the trichotomy of man's nature, spirit, soul, and body. As in the case of the doctrine of the Trinity it was not fully understood until the Spirit was given, so the distinction of Psyche and Pneuma is implied rather than taught when the race was still in its spiritual infancy....It would be out of harmony with the “analogy of the faith,” if the tripartite nature of man were fully described in those books of the Bible which only contain implied hints of the plurality of persons in the Godhead. All we shall see of the subject will confirm this view of the harmonious way in which doctrines and duties, the nature of God and the nature of man, are unfolded together.
370:, two factors shaped and "enlarged the semantic domain of the Greek and Hebrew words for the parts of man" and set the stage for a more complete and accurate understanding of the nature of man. The first factor was Greek philosophy. The Greek philosophers, unlike the Greek poets, clearly distinguished the material from the immaterial part of man, defined the functions of the soul in more precise terms, and in general expanded the vocabulary for the parts of man. The second factor was the translation of the Septuagint. The translators of the Septuagint incorporated the linguistic developments of the Greek philosophers into the biblical revelation when they translated the Hebrew into Greek.
538:
the root error of the
Gnostics), or confounded in a semi-pantheistic way the human Pneuma with the divine, which, in the case of Origen and Apollinaris, led to distinct heresies, which the Church afterwards formally condemned. The consequence of this was, that in the reaction against these errors, the Latin Church generally, as guided by Augustine and Jerome, rejected altogether the distinction between Psyche and Pneuma, for which the Latin tongue was not flexible enough to find equivalents, and so the usual dichotomy of man into body and soul only became the prevailing view throughout the West.
2657:, p. 68. "It would have been contrary to the proportion of faith that there should have been a complete psychology before there was a complete theology. The Holy Ghost was not given, for Jesus was not yet glorified; and as the sphere of the Spirit's operation is in the pneuma, witnessing to our spirits that we are the sons of God, it is only what we might expect that the intimations of the existence of the one should be as enigmatic as those of the other. Till the person of the Holy Ghost was explicitly taught, His sphere of operation was not disclosed."
3899:, p. 107. "Is it not clear then that the ark divided into three stories more than hints at our threefold salvation in Christ? The salvation which we have in Christ is a threefold one, and that in a double sense. It is a salvation which embraces each part of our threefold constitution, making provision for the redemption of our spirit, and soul, and body (1 Thes. 5:23); and further, our salvation is a three tense salvation—we have been saved from the penalty of sin, are being saved from the power of sin, we shall yet be saved from the presence of sin."
403:(body), with nous being the noblest part of the soul. When Plato does speak of spirit (thumos not the pneuma of Paul) he means something essentially different from Paul. The three parts of man are not equivalent for Plato and Paul and the master faculty for Plato (nous) is a subordinate faculty for Paul. "To discredit trichotomy by a similarity with Platonism confuses similarity with source. One could likewise attribute the source of the dichotomist view with Greek dichotomy (mater and spirit); some writers have argued for such a connection."
435:
soul is "rhetorical tautology". They claim that if 1 Thessalonians 5:23 proves that man is composed of three parts, then Mark 12:30 must prove that man is made of four parts since Jesus enumerates heart, soul, mind, strength. However, trichotomists see only three parts here based on their understanding of how the Bible uses the terms heart, soul, and mind. The heart is a composition of the soul plus the conscience, and the mind is the leading part of the soul. Thus, Mark 12:30 is well within the parameters of a tripartite view of man.
2408:, p. 42-43. "The Lord God breathed into his nostrils the breath of lives. We speak of the formal and efficient cause as one, not because we wish to confound the agent with the instrument , but because the instrument is in this case of the same nature as the agent. The Lord God is the efficient cause—doubtless the Holy Spirit, the Lord and giver of life. But the instrument He uses is the breath of lives. It is clear that the breath is here of the same nature as the Being who breathes it."
329:. As with Genesis 2:7, other verses in the Old Testament directly correlate man's spirit (ruach) with God's breath (neshamah) (Job 27:3; 32:8; 33:4; 34:14). However, the revelation of the human spirit is obscure in the Old Testament, as is the revelation of the Holy Spirit or the Trinity. Not until the New Testament is the nature of God fully and explicitly revealed and likewise not until the New Testament (especially the Epistles) is the nature of man fully and explicitly revealed.
2670:, p. 69. "If this be so, then we are prepared to expect the same reticence of the Old Testament with regard to the spirit of man as with regard to the personality of the blessed Spirit of God. The psychology of the Old Testament is incomplete, even as its theology is, and in the same degree. The deeper insight given in our dispensation into the operations of the Godhead correspond to and prepare the way for a deeper insight into the operations of our own inner nature."
151:). The question is whether Genesis 2:7 refers to two or to three distinct facts and thus whether Genesis 2:7 describes two or three distinct parts of man's constitution. Trichotomists believe that God's breath of life, when breathed into man's body of dust, became man's human spirit. Proverbs 20:27 uses the same Hebrew word (neshamah) for the spirit of man, indicating that God's breathe of life and man's spirit are closely related. George Boardman describes the Divine
2631:, p. ix. "The Bible is a progressive unfolding of truth. Nothing is told all at once, and once for all. The law is, 'first the blade, then the ear, after that the full corn.' Without the possibility of collusion, often with centuries between, one writer of Scripture takes up an earlier revelation, adds to it, lays down the pen, and in due time another man moved by the Holy Spirit, and another, and another, add new details till the whole is complete."
580:
this longing of the human spirit as a longing for the divine Spirit of God and thus established a correlation between philosophy and theology. This insatiable longing was seen as the “index of an ontological orientation of the creature toward the
Creator." Augustine famously expressed this longing in his Confessions when he said, “Thou has made us for Thyself and our hearts are restless till they rest in Thee (Augustine,
32:
143:
of all true anthropology and psychology." John
Bickford Heard refers to Genesis 2:7 as a revelation of the material cause, the formal or efficient cause, and the final cause of man's threefold nature. The material cause—the Lord God formed man from the dust of the ground. The formal or efficient cause—God breathed into his nostrils the breath (
2474:, so of the parts. The τελος in the first compound suggests the end, which is our whole sanctification; the κληρος, of the second, suggests the means, that we may be sanctified in every part. Sanctification thus rests on these two conditions, that the Holy Spirit shall possess each of the three parts of our nature, and' possess them entirely."
2304:, p. 47-48. "It is referred to in Gen. 2:7, in such terms that we cannot fail to see that an exact system of psychology is here alluded to... We may amplify and illustrate the psychology of Gen. 2:7, but here is substantially, and in the fewest possible words, all that we know of the sources of man's nature and their union-point, the soul."
3856:, p. 209. "Christ wrought out for man upon Calvary's Cross salvation of spirit, soul, and body, from the dominion of sin and Satan; but that full salvation is wrought out in the believer through the central action of the will, as he deliberately chooses the will of God for each department of his tripartite nature."
588:
to speak for the dichotomist idea of man's material and nonmaterial nature as the two parts of his being." In his
Biblical Psychology, Delitzsch also ascribes the trichotomous view to Luther, in an appendix entitled "Luther's Trichotomy" where he quotes at length Luther's commentary on the Magnificat.
3795:, p. 16-17. "The terms 'inner man' and 'outer man', or their equivalents, are employed in modern psychology, but the psychology of the Bible is more analytical inasmuch as it indicates a subdivision of the invisible part of man, thus teaching us that man is not dichotomous but is a trichotomous being.
587:
Among the
Reformers, Luther stands out, possibly, as a major exception to the prevailing dichotomist view. Pelikan has noted that in Luther's writings there is support for the “trichotomist idea of human nature as made up of body, soul, and spirit; but there are also places in his writings which seem
479:
However, there arose, primarily, three historical errors, the fear of which have caused a "prejudice against trichotomy": the pseudo-Gnostic view, the
Apollinarian error, and the semi-Pelagian error. "But", Delitzsch argues, "in the face of all these errors, its opponents must confess that man may be
3501:
The Works of the Rev. P. Doddridge, Volume 9 (1805). "May the God of peace himself... sanctify you entirely, in all the parts of your nature; and your whole constitution, or frame, your rational spirit, your animal soul, and your body, animated by it, may be so kept blameless....It is very evident,
579:
With the
Reformers, the rejection of trichotomy stems from an apparent incompatibility with their doctrine of sovereign grace, following Augustine. Since Plato, the conception of the human spirit involved an aspiration (eros) for the beautiful, good, and eternal. Early Christians similarly expressed
492:
employed it in a manner impinging on the perfect humanity of Jesus, the tripartite view of man was gradually discredited by association. Apart from this heretical doctrine, which was condemned at the First
Council of Constantinople in A.D. 381, Apollinaris was an orthodox theologian and contemporary
434:
A full treatment of man's nature must consider the New Testament use of such words as flesh, body, spirit, soul, heart, mind, and conscience. For instance, dichotomists often dismiss the distinction between soul and spirit in 1 Thessalonians 5:23 as a piling up of terms for emphasis, that spirit and
324:
According to trichotomists, the full anthropology of man and the proper distinction between his inward parts (Psa. 51:6) while latent in the Old Testament, do not receive a clear treatment until the New Testament. Genesis 2:7 "rather implies than asserts the trichotomy of spirit, soul, and body" and
174:
Proponents of the tripartite view claim that this verse spells out clearly the three components of the human, emphasized by the descriptors of "whole" and "completely". Opponents argue that spirit and soul are merely a repetition of synonyms, a common form used elsewhere in scripture to add the idea
537:
The Greek Fathers, generally speaking, understood the psychology of Scripture aright; but unfortunately confounding the Platonic Logos or Nous with the Pneuma of the New Testament, they either distinguished the pneumatical and psychical as the intellectual and the carnal man respectively (which was
142:
Trichotomists see in Genesis 2:7 the first implications of the constituents of man's nature. Delitzsch, commenting on this passage, says, "We cannot consider with sufficient care Gen. 2:7; for this one verse is of such deep significance that interpretation can never exhaust it: it is the foundation
377:
Although the classical Greek writers did not arrive at the same realization as the New Testament writers, their use of certain key words in Greek gave the New Testament writers a greater and more precise vocabulary to work with in describing the parts of man. After Plato and Aristotle, there was a
341:
The relation between body and soul itself wasn't clear to the ancients, much less the relation between soul and spirit. The physiology and psychology of the Hebrew and the Archaic Greek world was speculative, and so, reasoning on imperfect data, they spoke of various physical organs as the seat of
336:
We have only another caution to make before entering on our task; it is that revelation being a progressive manifestation of the truth of God, the discovery of man's nature must also be progressive. In the same way that the plurality of Persons in the Godhead, and their relation to each other, was
563:
Augustine's immense influence on the history of Western Christian thought, in form and content, swayed decisively the decision for the dichotomous view of man. Heard says, "the authority of Augustine decided the course of the Western Church in rejecting the distinction as mystical, and tending to
3355:, Vol. 4, p. 289. "It appears that the soul is something intermediate between the weak flesh and the willing spirit." Vol. 4, p. 359. "For as man is said to consist of body, and soul, and spirit, so also does sacred Scripture, which has been granted by the divine bounty for the salvation of man."
259:
Proponents of the tripartite view claim that this verse spells out that there is a clear difference between soul and spirit, though they may be so intertwined and similar that they would be hard to separate without scriptural clarity. Opponents argue that there is no real separation here (though
595:
Scripture divides man into three parts, as says St Paul (1 Thess. 5:23)... And every one of these three, together with the entire man, is also divided in another way into two portions, which are there called Spirit and Flesh. Which division is not natural, but attributive; i.e. nature has three
558:
Had Augustine but recognized the trichotomy, and taught that the ruach, or pneuma, or spiritus—i.e. the inspired and Godlike part of man—was deadened by the fall, and that in that state of spiritual injury a propagation of soul and body from Adam to his posterity must ex traduce carry with it a
320:
which is used to refer to the human spirit (ruach can mean "wind", "breath", or "spirit" depending on the context; cf. Ezek. 37:1–14 where ruach is translated as all three). In the Old Testament basar occurs 266 times, nephesh occurs 754 times, and ruach occurs 378 times with at least 100 times
611:
At the turn of the 19th century in Germany, there was a major resurgence of interest in the tripartite view of man (see chart). Hendry accounts the initial thrust of this resurgence to philosophical concerns. "The development of the philosophy of spirit in post-Kantian idealism, originating in
411:
Trichotomists believe that a tripartite view of man is clearly taught throughout the New Testament (see the Scriptural Basis section above). The writers of the New Testament, like the writers of the Old Testament, consistently use three primary words to describe the components of man's nature:
517:
emerged is itself witness that the early church held the tripartite view of man according to Pester. This heresy taught that in Christ the human spirit was replaced by pure, divine Logos. If the early church taught that man consisted only of body and soul, this heresy never could have gained
2778:"Plato openly put forward a challenging theory according to which he allocates to the psyche a tripartite structure, according to different goal directed actions (both rational and irrational); these are not oriented only towards good, but towards honor or pleasure as well." Calian, George.
386:
Dichotomists often argue against the tripartite view of man by discrediting it through its apparent connection with Platonism. However, Plato and the Greek philosophers, strictly speaking, were dichotomists. Plato did divide man into three parts, but his trichotomy was different from Paul's
294:
After salvation, the soul is trying to follow the spirit. The spirit is known to be the new man or new nature. At the same time, it is trying not to follow the old man or old nature (body). The soul can either follow the spirit and do what’s right or follow the body and do what’s wrong.
2487:. "Wholly: Or entirely, thoroughly, to the consummation. God sanctifies us wholly, so that no part of our being, of either our spirit or soul or body, will be left common or profane. Complete: God not only sanctifies us wholly but also preserves our spirit, soul, and body complete.
185:
12 Now we have received, not the spirit of the world, but the Spirit who is from God, that we might know the things freely given to us by God, 13 which things we also speak, not in words taught by human wisdom, but in those taught by the Spirit, bringing together spiritual (men,
3610:
The Holy Bible According to the Authorized Version (A.D. 1611): With an Explanatory & Critical Commentary & a Revision of the Translation, by Bishops & Other Clergy of the Anglican Church. Vol. 3. New York: Scribner, Armstrong &, 1881. pp. 258, 330–331, 729–730.
508:
Apollinaris, therefore, taught the deity of Christ, but denied the completeness (teleiotes) of his humanity, and, taking his departure from the Nicene postulate of the homoousion, ran into the Arian heresy, which likewise put the divine Logos in the place of the human spirit in
2644:, p. 168. "The progressive character of divine revelation is recognized in relation to all the great doctrines of the Bible. .. What at first is only obscurely intimated is gradually unfolded in subsequent parts of the sacred volume until the truth is revealed in its fulness."
2356:, p. 63. "The breath of life is not God Himself, God's life, or God's Spirit. But it is very close to God, very close to the life of God, and very close to the Spirit of God... The breath of life produced the spirit. Actually, it was the breath of life becoming the spirit."
3502:
that the apostle, in the following words, refers to a notion which... prevailed among the rabbies as well as the philosophers, that the person of a man was constituted of three distinct substances, the rational spirit, the animal soul, and the visible body." p. 536.
3329:, Vol 2, p. 70. "We recognize two varieties of spirit, one of which is called the soul, but the other is greater than the soul, an image and likeness of God: both existed in the first men, that in one sense they might be material, and in another superior to matter."
342:
thought, feeling, and decision. The heart primarily was the seat of thought and feeling, the kidneys the seat of reflection (Psa. 16:7; 26:2; Prov. 23:6), and the bowels the seat of affection (Gen. 43:30; Phil. 1:8). It wasn't until the Alexandrian physicians (e.g.
2434:, p. 73-74. "The apostle had desired that the very God of peace should sanctify them wholly, ολοτελεις. The word ολοτελής, which occurs nowhere else in the New Testament, is clearly contrasted with the following ολοκληρον, and the contrast is that between
2618:
p. 327. "Since the course of Divine revelation has ever been marked by a progressive unfolding of what it had always germinally contained, it is reasonable to believe that the Pentateuch is to be explained by the Epistles, not the Epistles by the
443:
The tripartite view of man was considered an orthodox interpretation in the first three centuries of the church and many of the early church fathers (see Supporters of a Tripartite View chart) taught that man is made up of body, soul, and spirit.
2343:, p. 147. "He then breathed into this form the creature spirit, which, because it originated after the manner of breathing, may just as well be called His spirit as man's spirit, because it is His breath made into the spirit of man."
3994:, p. 260. "Quite clearly then, the spirit is distinct from the soul, or else these verses add up to tautological nonsense. We therefore conclude that man is not dichotomic (to use the technical theological term)but trichotomic."
2521:, p. 111-112. "The author of the Epistle to the Hebrews, in naming (ch. iv. 12) ψυχη and πνευμα in juxtaposition, as composing the immaterial substance of human nature, announces a trichotomic view of the nature of man."
289:"For I delight in the law of God after the inward man; but I see a different law in my members, warring against the law of my mind, and bringing me into captivity under the law of sin which is in my members."
612:
Germany, may be interpreted historically as a revolt against the suppression of the spirit in Protestant theology; for it was in its initial intention an affirmation, or reaffirmation, of the human spirit."
260:
there must be some difference, at least in emphasis, if two different words are used), but the two are only used as a metaphor of things hard to differentiate, like the thoughts and intentions of the heart.
250:"For the word of God is alive and active. Sharper than any double-edged sword, it penetrates even to dividing soul and spirit, joints and marrow; it judges the thoughts and attitudes of the heart." (
155:
and the human pneuma as "constitutionally akin" while Heard ascribes to them the same nature. For Michael Schmaus and most trichotomists, the human spirit is the focal point of the image of God.
240:; 3.1, 3). Each is driven or controlled by some aspect of their being, whether the spirit, the soul or the flesh. If the spirit and soul are identical, Paul's argument is meaningless.
559:
defective, and hence a diseased constitution, his refutation of Pelagius would have been sufficiently convincing, without hurrying him into an exaggeration in the opposite extreme...
198:) does not accept the things of the Spirit of God; for they are foolishness to him, and he cannot understand them, because they are spiritually appraised. 15 But the spiritual man (
215:), as to infants in Christ. 2 (I gave you) milk to drink, not solid food, for you were not yet able (to receive it), for even now you are not yet able, 3 for you are still carnal (
3483:. "I called with my whole heart, says the Psalmist, that is, with body, soul, and spirit. For where the two last are gathered together, there God is in the midst of them" (28.61)
2931:, p. 5. "With the error of Apollinaris, who denied to Christ a human pneuma, the reaction came, and the trichotomy fell into disfavor, and was neglected even in the East."
571:
Interest in the human spirit waned in the mediaeval church, "whose tendencies were scholastic rather than exegetical, and whose philosophy was thoroughly Aristotelian."
202:) appraises all things, yet he himself is appraised by no man. 16 For "who has known the mind of the Lord, that he should instruct Him?" But we have the mind of Christ.
3624:
The article on Resurrection is where the support lies. It is written by Rev. Daniel Raynes Goodwin, but as Smith is the general editor, he seems to condone this view.
134:
165:"And the God of peace himself sanctify you wholly; and may your spirit and soul and body be preserved entire, without blame at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ." (
568:, concludes that "the denial of a created spirit in man, both in ancient and in modern theology, is bound up with a one-sided, Augustinian conception of grace."
223:), and are you not walking like mere men? 4 For when someone says on the one hand, “I am of Paul,” but another, “I am of Apollos,” are you (acting like) men?
2382:, p. 106. Although, this does not mean that man possesses a spark of divinity or that between God and fallen human beings there is some continuous element.
554:
Heard, however, argues that the distinction of soul and spirit "so far from making void the doctrine of original sin, actually confirms and explains it":
2458:) in every part. The complete sanctification of the believer thus suggests those parts of man's nature that the Divine Spirit is to enter and entirely (
270:" in whom ye were also circumcised with a circumcision not made with hands, in the putting off of the body of the flesh, in the circumcision of Christ;"
2495:
is qualitative. Quantitatively, God sanctifies us wholly; qualitatively, God preserves us complete, i.e., He keeps our spirit, soul, and body perfect."
518:
traction. Some theologians believe that Apollinaris himself, however, confused the Pauline trichotomy with the Platonic trichotomy by confounding the
3978:
391:). He conceived of man's soul as consisting of an appetitive, irascible (spirited), and rational element. In Timaeus 30 he also divided man into
158:
228:
In this passage, the Apostle Paul divides men into three categories based on their responses to apostolic teaching: those who are spiritual (
547:
After Apollinarianism was condemned at Constantinople in A.D. 381, another heresy tarnished the Pauline distinction of soul and spirit. The
133:"Then the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul." (
388:
2844:, p. 208. "In the New Testament, especially in the Pauline writings, the psychologic mode of expression is much sharper and profounder."
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must be "illuminated by the light of subsequent Scriptures" to reveal its full import. This corresponds with what many theologians call
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The Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine, Vol. 1: The Emergence of the Catholic Tradition (100–600)
3832:, Ch 5. "This threefold composition of man is implied everywhere in the Word of God, and sometimes is distinctly stated."
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2421:, p. 332. "It is in his spirit that man is the image of God, that he bears the lineaments of God, that he is akin to God."
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2718:, p. 27-36. Heard goes into a lengthy discussion on the differences in view between the Greek philosophers and poets.
3925:, p. 24-28. On p. 26- "Man, then, is a trinity; spirit, soul, and body are the integral parts of his triune being."
1913:
1424:
1321:
251:
166:
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In the New Testament, finer distinctions can be made between the functions and relations of man's inward parts.
428:, used 385 times total in the New Testament, refers to the human spirit in approximately 80 of those instances.
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45:
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trichotomy in essence, function, and primacy. Plato's divisions were a tripartite division of the soul (See
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regarded trichotomically, without in the least degree implying the adoption of such erroneous views."
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312:(flesh), which refers to the external, material aspect of man (mostly in emphasizing human frailty);
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1849:
3629:
3368:, p.172-181. Lubac offers a lengthy analysis of the source of Origen's anthropological trichotomy.
2462:, i.e. inwardly) sanctify by His indwelling power. If sanctification is to be complete as to the
1299:
764:
629:
88:
3311:, Vol 1, p. 298. "For the body is the house of the soul; and the soul the house of the spirit."
115:), where soul and spirit are taken as different terms for the same entity (the spiritual soul).
3492:
Martin Luther, Luther's Works, ed., Jaroslar Pelikan (St. Louis: Concordia, 1956), 21:303–304.
2754:
1810:
1214:
1109:
895:
457:
3736:
3671:
2244:
1068:
964:
942:
743:
564:
deprave the doctrine of man's fall and corruption." George S. Hendry in a chapter entitled,
473:
453:
4022:. Ed. Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson. Reprint. 10 Vols. Peabody: Hendrickson, 1994.
3840:
1975:
1789:
1434:
548:
3312:
476:, and Basil of Cesaraea, all held to the distinction firmly according to its supporters.
243:
378:
richer array of words to describe the inward parts of man, particularly the mind (e.g.,
4294:
2196:
2154:
1954:
1871:
1688:
1666:
1192:
645:
3833:
308:
The Old Testament consistently uses three primary words to describe the parts of man:
4278:
2820:
2544:
2442:, complete and entire. In the one case the apostle prays that their salvation may be
1006:
985:
678:
621:
461:
1082:
A Paraphrase and Notes on the First Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Thessalonians
52:
4264:
2282:
2037:
1709:
1645:
601:
514:
343:
56:
3416:
3391:
3092:
Modern day exegetes have interpreted Eccl. 3:11 and Hag. 2:7 along similar lines.
2077:
1749:
1130:
605:
4102:"Is Man Tripartite or Bipartite?" Catholic Answers. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 May 2017.
4057:. Trans. Robert E. Wallis. 2nd, English ed. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1885.
494:
347:
100:
4099:. Ed. Edward N. Gross. Abridged ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1992.
3467:
1206:
History of the Planting and Training of the Christian Church by the Apostles
358:) that a more accurate understanding of man's inward parts began to emerge.
355:
276:
112:
3628:. Rev. and edited by H.B. Hackett & Ezra Abbot, Vol. 4. 1870, p. 2712
830:
808:
445:
219:). For since there is jealousy and strife among you, are you not carnal (
4172:. Trans. George Edward Day. 2nd ed. New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1884.
2239:
A form of trichotomy is also held in Latter Day Saint theology. In the
1968:
The Great Change, Regeneration, Or, The New Birth, Gleanings in Genesis
600:
Others, including John Bickford Heard, George Boardman, James Stalker,
424:, used 105 times, refers to the psycho-logical aspect of humanity; and
4189:
Pester, John. "The Human Spirit in the Experience of the Triune God."
4142:
History and Spirit: The Understanding of Scripture According to Origen
317:
313:
309:
148:
144:
3131:, ed., Jaroslav Pelikan. St. Louis: Concordia, 1956. Vol. 21, p. 303.
2270:
786:
700:
469:
449:
425:
421:
417:
413:
400:
396:
392:
379:
152:
316:, which refers to the soul as well as the whole person or life; and
99:) holds that humankind is a composite of three distinct components:
351:
207:
3:1 And I, brothers, could not speak to you as to spiritual men (
4258:
2276:
104:
1866:
Gordon R. Lewis and Bruce A. Demarest in Integrative Theology
25:
4240:
Man as Spirit, Soul, and Body: A Study of Biblical Psychology
1765:
Watchman Nee in Spiritual Man & Latent Power of the Soul
420:
about 129 times), refers to the physical aspect of humanity;
4114:
Firstfruits and Harvest: A Study in Resurrection and Rapture
3517:
History of the Planting and Training of the Christian Church
1123:
St. Seraphim of Sarov's Conversation with Nicholas Motovilov
4121:
Didymus the Blind and His Circle in Late-antique Alexandria
2755:
http://www.internationalstandardbible.com/P/psychology.html
2247:
states: "And the spirit and the body are the soul of man" (
608:
have used the tabernacle to illustrate the tripartite man.
4242:. Pigeon Forge, TN.: Grace Fellowship International, 2007.
3776:
Dispensational Truth or God's Plan and Purpose in the Ages
1803:
Dispensational Truth or God's Plan and Purpose in the Ages
123:
The primary proof texts for this position are as follows:
4116:. Miami Springs, FL: Conley & Schoettle Pub., 1985.
4036:. Trans. F. J. Sheed. Indianapolis: Hackett Pub., 1993.
3573:
Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament
1597:"The Scriptural Anthropology." Baptist Quarterly Vol. 1
1292:
Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament
717:
Van Oosterzee; A Dictionary of Early Christian Beliefs
2781:
Plato's Psychology of Action and the Origin of Agency
1101:
Outlines of Psychology drawn from the Holy Scriptures
147:) of life. The final cause—man became a living soul (
887:
Commentary on Ecclesiastes; Commentary on the Psalms
4046:Boardman, George D. "The Scriptural Anthropology."
4221:. New York and London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1914.
4074:Good, Roger. "The Progressive Revelation of Man."
3724:Biblico-theological Lexicon of New Testament Greek
2821:http://www.gracenotebook.com/pub/2,id,89,sv,1.html
1680:Biblico-theological Lexicon of New Testament Greek
1228:Opuscula Theologica and Commentary on 1 Thes. 5:23
3415:Patrologia Graeca 39:1256B, 1324A, 1400A, 1577C.
4137:. 2nd ed. Anaheim: Living Stream Ministry, 1988.
4067:Good, Roger. "The Parts of Man in Translation."
3735:Scofield Reference Bible, Note on 1 Thes. 5:23.
2517:Delitzsch quoting Eduard Karl August Riehm in
928:Church Father and Archbishop of Constantinople
4085:. 2nd ed. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1868.
350:) and the Classical Greek philosophers (e.g.
8:
4005:Christian Theology A Systematic Presentation
2230:Christian Theology A Systematic Presentation
2051:The Spiritual Man, The Release of the Spirit
236:; 2.14) and the Corinthians who are carnal (
4109:. 5th, revised ed. London: Continuum, 1977.
3547:Entwickelung Des Paulinischen Lehrbegriffes
1248:Entwickelung Des Paulinischen Lehrbegriffes
620:Many of the theologians below are cited by
2853:Ellicott, Destiny of the Creature, p. 105.
2165:American Pentecostal pastor and evangelist
55:. Please do not remove this message until
4200:. Paperback ed. Chicago, IL: Moody, 1922.
4158:. Bournemouth: Overcomer Book Room, 1922.
4151:. Grand Rapids: W.B. Eerdmans Pub., 1939.
4149:International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
4050:Vol. 1 (1867): 177–190, 325–340, 428–444.
1184:Herzog, Realencyclopadie, article "Seele"
232:, 2.13, 15; 3.1), those who are soulish (
75:Learn how and when to remove this message
4130:. Anaheim: Living Stream Ministry, 1994.
841:Roman historian & Bishop of Caesarea
654:
51:Relevant discussion may be found on the
4235:. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1874.
4186:. London: Pickering & Inglis, 1900.
4179:. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1971.
4165:. New York: Christian Fellowship, 1968.
3655:Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
3445:21, no. 5. (Patrologia Graeca 31:549A).
2293:
1554:Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
803:Van Oosterzee, Berkhof, Henri De Lubac
4214:. Vol 3. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1979.
4123:. Urbana: University of Illinois, 2004
1575:Geist des Menschen im Biblischen Sinne
1203:German theologian and church historian
4090:The Holy Spirit in Christian Theology
4027:The New Testament for English Readers
3940:The Holy Spirit in Christian Theology
3340:Dictionary of Early Christian Beliefs
3233:The Holy Spirit in Christian Theology
3194:The Holy Spirit in Christian Theology
3155:The Holy Spirit in Christian Theology
3142:The Holy Spirit in Christian Theology
3103:The Holy Spirit in Christian Theology
3068:The Holy Spirit in Christian Theology
2070:The Holy Spirit in Christian Theology
1945:Cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church
1760:English Baptist pastor and evangelist
513:The fact that an early heresy called
7:
2563:"Tripartite: Body, Soul, and Spirit"
778:Commentary on Daniel, Book 2, Ch. 38
566:The Holy Spirit and the Human Spirit
4265:The Collected Works of Watchman Nee
4029:. 2 Vols. London: Rivingtons, 1872.
3181:Emergence of the Catholic Tradition
3168:Emergence of the Catholic Tradition
3003:Emergence of the Catholic Tradition
2784:. Affectivity, Agency (2012), p. 12
844:Commentary on the Psalms 102, v. 20
4092:. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1956.
3992:Encyclopedia of Bible Difficulties
3968:(Springdale: WhitakerHouse, 1995).
2485:Recovery Version of the Holy Bible
2211:Encyclopedia of Bible Difficulties
2128:Man A Trinity (Spirit, Soul, Body)
1824:Soul and Spirit, War on the Saints
800:De Principiis, Book 2, On the Soul
670:Major works supporting Trichotomy
279:, the soul was stuck to the body.
14:
4228:. Valley Forge, PA: Judson, 1907.
3599:New Testament for English Readers
2380:Holy Spirit in Christian Theology
1335:New Testament for English Readers
1270:Dogmatik: Akademische Vorlesungen
1257:August Friedrich Christian Vilmar
1059:Roman Catholic priest and scholar
890:Richard A Layton; Henri de Lubac
389:Plato's tripartite theory of soul
382:, noëma, di-anoia, and phronëma).
4205:The New Scofield Reference Bible
4144:. San Francisco: Ignatius, 2007.
4064:. London: Longmans, Green, 1865.
2186:American Presbyterian Theologian
1863:Systematic Theology Vol. 1&2
1144:Clarke's Commentary on the Bible
934:, bk. 1, sec. 1, 8 (On the Soul)
30:
4212:History of the Christian Church
4055:A System of Biblical Psychology
3626:Smith's Dictionary of the Bible
3586:Outlines of Biblical Psychology
2942:History of the Christian Church
2107:American Evangelical Theologian
1860:American Protestant Theologiian
1332:Anglican theologian and scholar
1313:Outlines of Biblical Psychology
775:Presbyter of the Church in Rome
616:Supporters of a tripartite view
502:History of the Christian Church
321:referring to the human spirit.
4270:Doctrine & Covenants 88:15
3910:All the Doctrines of the Bible
1988:All the Doctrines of the Bible
1924:Anglican Priest and Theologian
1744:Watchman Nee in Spiritual Man
1353:English churchman and linguist
1267:German Neo-Lutheran theologian
1152:Gotthilf Heinrich von Schubert
714:Tatian's Address to the Greeks
1:
4170:Theology of the Old Testament
2545:"What does Romans 7:22 mean?"
1394:Theology of the Old Testament
1279:Heinrich August Wilhelm Meyer
4253:The Tripartite Makeup of Man
4207:. New York: Oxford UP, 1967.
4147:Marais, J. I. "Psychology."
4083:The Tripartite Nature of Man
3977:Man and his Nature, part 1.
3867:The Biblical Doctrine of Man
3711:The Biblical Doctrine of Man
3698:The Tripartite Nature of Man
3390:Patrologia Graeca 23:1267D.
3309:Justin, 'Ante-Nicene Fathers
3285:The Tripartite Nature of Man
2642:Systematic Theology Abridged
2629:New Scofield Reference Bible
2007:British Christian evangelist
1677:German Protestant theologian
1637:The Tripartite Nature of Man
1289:German Protestant theologian
1141:British Methodist theologian
1079:English Nonconformist leader
1039:English theologian, Arminian
1020:Commentary on the Magnificat
636:, Jan Jacob van Oosterzee's
4062:The Destiny of the Creature
1584:George Boardman the Younger
1488:Russian Orthodox Theologian
1120:Russian Orthodox Theologian
999:The Ladder of Divine Ascent
863:Bishop of Laodicea in Syria
194:). 14 But the soulish man (
107:. It is in contrast to the
57:conditions to do so are met
21:Tripartite (disambiguation)
4311:
4231:Van Oosterzee, Jan Jacob.
4128:The Spirit With Our Spirit
3657:, On 1 Thes. 5:23, Jude 19
3218:Delitzsch quoting Luther,
2466:, so it must be as to the
2354:The Spirit With Our Spirit
2189:Man and his Nature, part 1
2088:Chinese Christian Preacher
2048:Chinese Christian Preacher
1572:German Lutheran theologian
1445:German Lutheran theologian
1391:German Lutheran theologian
1098:German Lutheran theologian
996:7th-century Christian monk
956:On the Making of Man 8.4–6
488:In the 4th century, after
190:) with spiritual (things,
18:
4107:Early Christian Doctrines
4034:Confessions: Books I-XIII
3923:Life on the Highest Plane
3454:Patrologia Graeca 37:452.
2795:Early Christian Doctrines
2590:Tripartite Nature of Man,
2030:Life on the Highest Plane
1903:Welsh Calvinist Methodist
1425:De omnibus dubitandum est
1363:Johann Gottfried Hausmann
1245:Swiss Reformed theologian
711:Early Christian apologist
689:Early Christian apologist
504:, Philip Schaff remarks:
211:), but as to carnal men (
4191:Affirmation and Critique
4156:God's Plan of Redemption
4076:Affirmation and Critique
4069:Affirmation and Critique
3955:, p. 20, 62–63, 120–134.
3793:God's Plan of Redemption
3668:Baptist Quarterly Vol. 1
3055:Tripartite Nature of Man
3042:Tripartite Nature of Man
3029:Tripartite Nature of Man
3016:Tripartite Nature of Man
2977:Tripartite Nature of Man
2964:Tripartite Nature of Man
2929:Tripartite Nature of Man
2890:Tripartite Nature of Man
2877:Scritptural Anthropology
2819:Woodward, ch 5. Online.
2808:Tripartite Nature of Man
2767:Tripartite Nature of Man
2716:Tripartite Nature of Man
2694:Tripartite Nature of Man
2681:Tripartite Nature of Man
2668:Tripartite Nature of Man
2655:Tripartite Nature of Man
2616:Scriptural Anthropology,
2432:Tripartite Nature of Man
2417:Hendry quoting Schmaus'
2406:Tripartite Nature of Man
2302:Tripartite Nature of Man
1842:God's Plan of Redemption
1739:German Holiness Movement
1702:Scofield Reference Bible
1470:Smith's Bible Dictionary
1423:, Johannes Climacus, or
1356:The Speaker's Commentary
884:Coptic Church theologian
642:Tripartite Nature of Man
640:, John Bickford Heard's
4020:The Ante-Nicene Fathers
3830:Firstfruits and Harvest
3643:Destiny of the Creature
3481:Ladder of Divine Ascent
3179:Pelikan quoting Faust,
3166:Pelikan quoting Faust,
3081:Scriptural Anthropology
2603:Scriptural Anthropology
2532:Destiny of the Creature
2393:Scriptural Anthropology
2367:Scriptural Anthropology
1885:Firstfruits and Harvest
1534:Destiny of the Creature
1499:Jan Jacob van Oosterzee
1421:The Sickness Unto Death
1381:Gustav Friedrich Oehler
1181:Prussian Right Hegelian
497:and Basil of Cesaraea.
490:Apollinaris of Laodicea
368:intertestamental period
362:Intertestamental period
4290:Christian anthropology
4081:Heard, John Bickford.
3726:, p. 503-510, 582–586.
2266:Christian anthropology
2241:Doctrine and Covenants
1997:Theodore Austin-Sparks
1935:William Theodore Heard
1417:The Concept of Anxiety
1172:Karl Friedrich Goschel
667:Theological tradition
598:
561:
540:
511:
416:, used 151 times (and
384:
339:
327:progressive revelation
299:Historical development
179:1 Corinthians 2:12–3:4
4184:Earth's Earliest Ages
4135:The Knowledge of Life
4078:III.1 (January 1998).
3966:Spirit, Soul and Body
3750:Earth's Earliest Ages
3560:Man: The Image of God
3116:Summa contra Gentiles
2169:Spirit, Soul and Body
1723:Earth's Earliest Ages
1616:Dutch Reformed Church
1521:Charles John Ellicott
1467:English Lexicographer
1343:Frederic Charles Cook
1089:Magnus Friedrich Roos
874:Didymus of Alexandria
723:Clement of Alexandria
695:Van Oosterzee, Heard
593:
556:
535:
506:
466:Clement of Alexandria
458:Didymus of Alexandria
375:
334:
4224:Strong, Augustus H.
4219:Christian Psychology
4198:Gleanings in Genesis
4071:II.4 (October 1997).
3897:Gleanings in Genesis
3763:Christian Psychology
3685:The Spirit of Christ
3464:On the Making of Man
2953:Pester, 1996, p. 44.
2567:Real Bible Believers
2419:Katholische Dogmatik
2261:Bipartite (theology)
2177:S. Lewis Johnson Jr.
1800:Protestant (Baptist)
1782:Christian Psychology
1619:The Spirit of Christ
1562:Karl August Auberlen
1478:Theophan the Recluse
918:Gregory of Nazianzus
159:1 Thessalonians 5:23
19:For other uses, see
4261:(tripartiteman.org)
4233:Christian Dogmatics
4226:Systematic Theology
4175:Pelikan, Jaroslav.
4154:McDonough, Mary E.
4119:Layton, Richard A.
4105:Kelley, John N. D.
4097:Systematic Theology
4041:Systematic Theology
3806:Systematic Theology
3534:Opuscula Theologica
3406:124.19–28, 337.8–24
3379:Ante-Nicene Fathers
3353:Ante-Nicene Fathers
3327:Ante-Nicene Fathers
3272:Christian Dogmatics
3259:Systematic Theology
3246:Systematic Theology
3220:Biblical Psychology
2990:Biblical Psychology
2916:Biblical Psychology
2903:Systematic Theology
2842:Biblical Psychology
2738:Systematic Theology
2727:(Good, 1998, p. 50.
2519:Biblical Psychology
2506:Biblical Psychology
2341:Biblical Psychology
2315:Biblical Psychology
2207:American theologian
2067:Reformed Theologian
1850:Lewis Sperry Chafer
1699:American Theologian
1626:John Bickford Heard
1551:Anglican theologian
1531:Anglican theologian
1512:Christian Dogmatics
1448:Biblical Psychology
692:On the Resurrection
638:Christian Dogmatics
634:Systematic Theology
626:Systematic Theology
44:of this article is
4238:Woodward, John B.
4088:Hendry, George S.
4053:Delitzsch, Franz.
3839:2013-02-08 at the
3687:, pp 159–160, 193.
3366:History and Spirit
3298:History and Spirit
2831:Good, 1997, p. 47.
2753:, 4:2496. Online.
2705:Good, 1998, p. 50.
2579:Good, 1997, p. 47.
2243:, a revelation of
2091:The Economy of God
1821:Protestant (Welsh)
1656:English Theologian
1491:The Spiritual Life
1300:Johann Tobias Beck
765:Hippolytus of Rome
650:History and Spirit
630:Augustus H. Strong
89:Christian theology
16:Christian theology
4255:(wholereason.com)
4193:I.2 (April 1996).
4168:Oehler, Gust Fr.
4163:The Spiritual Man
4140:Lubac, Henri De.
4048:Baptist Quarterly
4043:. Eerdmans, 1996.
3854:War on The Saints
3575:, on 1 Thes 5:23.
3432:, p. 186, note 31
3430:Didymus the Blind
3114:Aquinas, Thomas,
2864:Knowledge of Life
2491:is quantitative;
2328:Tripartite Nature
2237:
2236:
1906:War on The Saints
1882:Plymouth Brethren
1831:Mary E. McDonough
1811:Jessie Penn-Lewis
1779:Scottish preacher
1720:Plymouth Brethren
1403:Søren Kierkegaard
1310:German theologian
1225:German theologian
1215:Hermann Olshausen
1162:German Theologian
1110:Seraphim of Sarov
896:Basil of Caesarea
85:
84:
77:
4302:
4217:Stalker, James.
4210:Schaff, Philip.
4203:Scofield, C. I.
4196:Pink, Arthur W.
4095:Hodge, Charles.
4060:Ellicott, C. J.
4039:Berkhof, Louis.
4008:
4001:
3995:
3988:
3982:
3975:
3969:
3962:
3956:
3949:
3943:
3936:
3930:
3919:
3913:
3906:
3900:
3893:
3887:
3876:
3870:
3863:
3857:
3850:
3844:
3826:
3820:
3815:
3809:
3802:
3796:
3789:
3783:
3772:
3766:
3759:
3753:
3746:
3740:
3733:
3727:
3720:
3714:
3707:
3701:
3694:
3688:
3681:
3675:
3664:
3658:
3652:
3646:
3639:
3633:
3622:
3616:
3608:
3602:
3595:
3589:
3582:
3576:
3569:
3563:
3556:
3550:
3543:
3537:
3530:
3524:
3513:
3507:
3499:
3493:
3490:
3484:
3477:
3471:
3461:
3455:
3452:
3446:
3439:
3433:
3426:
3420:
3413:
3407:
3401:
3395:
3388:
3382:
3375:
3369:
3362:
3356:
3349:
3343:
3336:
3330:
3323:
3317:
3307:
3301:
3294:
3288:
3281:
3275:
3268:
3262:
3255:
3249:
3242:
3236:
3229:
3223:
3216:
3210:
3209:Vol. 21, p. 303.
3203:
3197:
3190:
3184:
3177:
3171:
3164:
3158:
3151:
3145:
3138:
3132:
3127:Luther, Martin.
3125:
3119:
3112:
3106:
3099:
3093:
3090:
3084:
3077:
3071:
3064:
3058:
3051:
3045:
3038:
3032:
3025:
3019:
3012:
3006:
2999:
2993:
2986:
2980:
2973:
2967:
2960:
2954:
2951:
2945:
2938:
2932:
2925:
2919:
2912:
2906:
2899:
2893:
2886:
2880:
2873:
2867:
2860:
2854:
2851:
2845:
2838:
2832:
2829:
2823:
2817:
2811:
2804:
2798:
2791:
2785:
2776:
2770:
2763:
2757:
2747:
2741:
2734:
2728:
2725:
2719:
2712:
2706:
2703:
2697:
2690:
2684:
2677:
2671:
2664:
2658:
2651:
2645:
2638:
2632:
2626:
2620:
2612:
2606:
2599:
2593:
2586:
2580:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2541:
2535:
2528:
2522:
2515:
2509:
2502:
2496:
2483:Lee, Footnotes.
2481:
2475:
2450:), in the other
2428:
2422:
2415:
2409:
2402:
2396:
2389:
2383:
2376:
2370:
2363:
2357:
2350:
2344:
2337:
2331:
2324:
2318:
2311:
2305:
2298:
2245:Joseph Smith Jr.
2058:George S. Hendry
1914:Robert Lightfoot
1640:Strong, Berkhof
1578:Strong, Berkhof
1316:Strong, Berkhof
1273:G. C. Berkouwer
1231:Strong, Berkhof
1069:Philip Doddridge
965:John of Damascus
943:Gregory of Nyssa
822:Against Heresies
754:Bishop of Sardis
655:
533:Heard explains:
474:Gregory of Nyssa
332:Heard explains:
119:Scriptural basis
80:
73:
69:
66:
60:
34:
33:
26:
4310:
4309:
4305:
4304:
4303:
4301:
4300:
4299:
4275:
4274:
4249:
4161:Nee, Watchman.
4025:Alford, Henry.
4016:
4011:
4002:
3998:
3989:
3985:
3976:
3972:
3963:
3959:
3953:Bible Doctrines
3950:
3946:
3937:
3933:
3920:
3916:
3907:
3903:
3894:
3890:
3877:
3873:
3864:
3860:
3851:
3847:
3841:Wayback Machine
3827:
3823:
3816:
3812:
3803:
3799:
3790:
3786:
3773:
3769:
3760:
3756:
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3500:
3496:
3491:
3487:
3478:
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3402:
3398:
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3350:
3346:
3337:
3333:
3324:
3320:
3308:
3304:
3295:
3291:
3282:
3278:
3270:Van Oosterzee,
3269:
3265:
3256:
3252:
3243:
3239:
3230:
3226:
3217:
3213:
3204:
3200:
3191:
3187:
3178:
3174:
3165:
3161:
3152:
3148:
3139:
3135:
3126:
3122:
3113:
3109:
3100:
3096:
3091:
3087:
3078:
3074:
3065:
3061:
3052:
3048:
3039:
3035:
3026:
3022:
3013:
3009:
3000:
2996:
2987:
2983:
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2957:
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2939:
2935:
2926:
2922:
2913:
2909:
2900:
2896:
2887:
2883:
2874:
2870:
2861:
2857:
2852:
2848:
2839:
2835:
2830:
2826:
2818:
2814:
2805:
2801:
2792:
2788:
2777:
2773:
2764:
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2748:
2744:
2735:
2731:
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2691:
2687:
2678:
2674:
2665:
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2652:
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2639:
2635:
2627:
2623:
2613:
2609:
2600:
2596:
2587:
2583:
2578:
2574:
2569:. 5 April 2020.
2561:
2560:
2556:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2529:
2525:
2516:
2512:
2503:
2499:
2482:
2478:
2429:
2425:
2416:
2412:
2403:
2399:
2390:
2386:
2377:
2373:
2364:
2360:
2351:
2347:
2338:
2334:
2325:
2321:
2312:
2308:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2257:
2219:P. B. Fitzwater
2146:Bible Doctrines
1976:Herbert Lockyer
1790:Clarence Larkin
1770:James M Stalker
1730:Otto Stockmayer
1435:Franz Delitzsch
1413:Danish Lutheran
1236:Leonhard Usteri
1017:German Reformer
937:Henri de Lubac
912:Henri de Lubac
847:Henri de Lubac
781:Henri de Lubac
618:
591:Luther writes:
577:
545:
543:Semipelagianism
486:
484:Apollinarianism
441:
409:
373:Good explains:
364:
306:
301:
264:Colossians 2:11
121:
81:
70:
64:
61:
50:
35:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4308:
4306:
4298:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4277:
4276:
4273:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4259:Tripartite Man
4256:
4248:
4247:External links
4245:
4244:
4243:
4236:
4229:
4222:
4215:
4208:
4201:
4194:
4187:
4182:Pember, G. H.
4180:
4173:
4166:
4159:
4152:
4145:
4138:
4133:Lee, Witness.
4131:
4126:Lee, Witness.
4124:
4117:
4110:
4103:
4100:
4093:
4086:
4079:
4072:
4065:
4058:
4051:
4044:
4037:
4030:
4023:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4009:
3996:
3983:
3970:
3957:
3944:
3931:
3914:
3901:
3888:
3871:
3858:
3845:
3821:
3810:
3797:
3784:
3767:
3754:
3741:
3728:
3715:
3702:
3689:
3676:
3659:
3647:
3634:
3617:
3603:
3590:
3577:
3564:
3551:
3538:
3525:
3519:, p. 394-395.
3508:
3494:
3485:
3472:
3456:
3447:
3434:
3421:
3408:
3396:
3383:
3370:
3357:
3344:
3331:
3318:
3302:
3289:
3276:
3263:
3250:
3237:
3224:
3211:
3207:Luther's Works
3198:
3185:
3172:
3159:
3146:
3133:
3129:Luther's Works
3120:
3107:
3094:
3085:
3072:
3059:
3046:
3033:
3020:
3007:
2994:
2981:
2968:
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2920:
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2894:
2881:
2868:
2855:
2846:
2833:
2824:
2812:
2799:
2786:
2771:
2758:
2742:
2729:
2720:
2707:
2698:
2685:
2672:
2659:
2646:
2633:
2621:
2607:
2594:
2581:
2572:
2554:
2536:
2523:
2510:
2497:
2476:
2423:
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2371:
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2332:
2319:
2306:
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2290:
2287:
2286:
2285:
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2273:
2268:
2263:
2256:
2253:
2235:
2234:
2233:John Woodward
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2197:Gleason Archer
2193:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2155:Lester Sumrall
2151:
2150:
2149:John Woodward
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2135:Mark G Cambron
2132:
2131:
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2126:
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2117:
2116:Lehman Strauss
2113:
2112:
2110:
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2022:
2019:
2015:
2014:
2013:John Woodward
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1991:John Woodward
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1955:Arthur W. Pink
1951:
1950:
1948:
1946:
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1872:George H. Lang
1868:
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1718:
1715:
1712:
1706:
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1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1689:C. I. Scofield
1685:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1667:Hermann Cremer
1663:
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1501:
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1471:
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1302:
1296:
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1287:
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1275:
1274:
1271:
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1233:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1193:August Neander
1189:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1168:
1167:Van Oosterzee
1165:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1127:
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1112:
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1096:
1093:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1029:Thomas Jackson
1025:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1003:
1002:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
982:
981:
978:
976:
973:
970:
967:
961:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
945:
939:
938:
935:
929:
926:
923:
920:
914:
913:
910:
907:
904:
901:
898:
892:
891:
888:
885:
882:
879:
876:
870:
869:
866:
864:
861:
858:
855:
849:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
827:
826:
825:Van Oosterzee
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
805:
804:
801:
798:
795:
792:
789:
783:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
767:
761:
760:
759:Van Oosterzee
757:
755:
752:
749:
746:
740:
739:
736:
734:
731:
728:
725:
719:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
697:
696:
693:
690:
687:
684:
681:
675:
674:
673:Referenced by
671:
668:
665:
662:
659:
646:Henri de Lubac
617:
614:
576:
573:
544:
541:
485:
482:
440:
437:
408:
405:
363:
360:
305:
302:
300:
297:
292:
291:
283:Romans 7:22–23
273:
272:
257:
256:
226:
225:
204:
200:ho pneumatikòs
175:completeness.
172:
171:
140:
139:
120:
117:
103:, spirit, and
83:
82:
38:
36:
29:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4307:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4260:
4257:
4254:
4251:
4250:
4246:
4241:
4237:
4234:
4230:
4227:
4223:
4220:
4216:
4213:
4209:
4206:
4202:
4199:
4195:
4192:
4188:
4185:
4181:
4178:
4174:
4171:
4167:
4164:
4160:
4157:
4153:
4150:
4146:
4143:
4139:
4136:
4132:
4129:
4125:
4122:
4118:
4115:
4111:
4108:
4104:
4101:
4098:
4094:
4091:
4087:
4084:
4080:
4077:
4073:
4070:
4066:
4063:
4059:
4056:
4052:
4049:
4045:
4042:
4038:
4035:
4031:
4028:
4024:
4021:
4018:
4017:
4013:
4006:
4000:
3997:
3993:
3987:
3984:
3980:
3974:
3971:
3967:
3961:
3958:
3954:
3948:
3945:
3941:
3935:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3918:
3915:
3912:, p. 143-145.
3911:
3905:
3902:
3898:
3892:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3875:
3872:
3868:
3862:
3859:
3855:
3849:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3835:
3831:
3825:
3822:
3819:
3814:
3811:
3807:
3801:
3798:
3794:
3788:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3771:
3768:
3764:
3758:
3755:
3751:
3745:
3742:
3738:
3732:
3729:
3725:
3719:
3716:
3712:
3706:
3703:
3699:
3693:
3690:
3686:
3680:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3663:
3660:
3656:
3651:
3648:
3645:, p. 106-125.
3644:
3638:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3621:
3618:
3614:
3607:
3604:
3600:
3594:
3591:
3587:
3581:
3578:
3574:
3568:
3565:
3561:
3555:
3552:
3548:
3542:
3539:
3535:
3529:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3512:
3509:
3505:
3498:
3495:
3489:
3486:
3482:
3476:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3460:
3457:
3451:
3448:
3444:
3438:
3435:
3431:
3425:
3422:
3418:
3412:
3409:
3405:
3400:
3397:
3393:
3387:
3384:
3380:
3374:
3371:
3367:
3361:
3358:
3354:
3348:
3345:
3341:
3335:
3332:
3328:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3306:
3303:
3300:, p. 178-179.
3299:
3293:
3290:
3286:
3280:
3277:
3273:
3267:
3264:
3260:
3254:
3251:
3248:, p. 191-192.
3247:
3241:
3238:
3234:
3228:
3225:
3222:, p. 460-462.
3221:
3215:
3212:
3208:
3202:
3199:
3195:
3189:
3186:
3182:
3176:
3173:
3169:
3163:
3160:
3156:
3150:
3147:
3143:
3137:
3134:
3130:
3124:
3121:
3117:
3111:
3108:
3104:
3098:
3095:
3089:
3086:
3082:
3076:
3073:
3069:
3063:
3060:
3056:
3050:
3047:
3043:
3037:
3034:
3030:
3024:
3021:
3017:
3011:
3008:
3004:
2998:
2995:
2991:
2985:
2982:
2978:
2972:
2969:
2965:
2959:
2956:
2950:
2947:
2943:
2937:
2934:
2930:
2924:
2921:
2917:
2911:
2908:
2904:
2898:
2895:
2891:
2885:
2882:
2878:
2872:
2869:
2865:
2859:
2856:
2850:
2847:
2843:
2837:
2834:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2816:
2813:
2809:
2803:
2800:
2796:
2790:
2787:
2783:
2782:
2775:
2772:
2768:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2752:
2746:
2743:
2739:
2733:
2730:
2724:
2721:
2717:
2711:
2708:
2702:
2699:
2695:
2689:
2686:
2682:
2676:
2673:
2669:
2663:
2660:
2656:
2650:
2647:
2643:
2637:
2634:
2630:
2625:
2622:
2617:
2611:
2608:
2604:
2598:
2595:
2591:
2585:
2582:
2576:
2573:
2568:
2564:
2558:
2555:
2550:
2546:
2540:
2537:
2533:
2527:
2524:
2520:
2514:
2511:
2507:
2501:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2480:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2427:
2424:
2420:
2414:
2411:
2407:
2401:
2398:
2394:
2388:
2385:
2381:
2375:
2372:
2368:
2362:
2359:
2355:
2349:
2346:
2342:
2336:
2333:
2329:
2323:
2320:
2316:
2310:
2307:
2303:
2297:
2294:
2288:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2249:D&C 88:15
2246:
2242:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1929:John Laidlaw
1928:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1661:John Laidlaw
1660:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1606:Andrew Murray
1604:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1542:A. R. Fausset
1541:
1540:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1457:William Smith
1455:
1454:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1427:. A Narrative
1426:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1007:Martin Luther
1005:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
987:
986:John Climacus
984:
983:
979:
977:
975:Church Father
974:
971:
968:
966:
963:
962:
958:
955:
953:Church Father
952:
949:
946:
944:
941:
940:
936:
933:
930:
927:
924:
921:
919:
916:
915:
911:
908:
906:Church Father
905:
902:
899:
897:
894:
893:
889:
886:
883:
880:
877:
875:
872:
871:
867:
865:
862:
859:
856:
854:
851:
850:
846:
843:
840:
837:
834:
832:
829:
828:
824:
821:
819:Church Father
818:
815:
812:
810:
807:
806:
802:
799:
797:Church Father
796:
793:
790:
788:
785:
784:
780:
777:
774:
771:
768:
766:
763:
762:
758:
756:
753:
750:
747:
745:
742:
741:
737:
735:
733:Church Father
732:
729:
726:
724:
721:
720:
716:
713:
710:
707:
704:
702:
699:
698:
694:
691:
688:
685:
682:
680:
679:Justin Martyr
677:
676:
672:
669:
666:
663:
660:
657:
656:
653:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
622:Louis Berkhof
615:
613:
609:
607:
603:
597:
592:
589:
585:
583:
574:
572:
569:
567:
560:
555:
552:
550:
549:Semipelagians
542:
539:
534:
531:
529:
525:
521:
516:
510:
505:
503:
498:
496:
491:
483:
481:
477:
475:
471:
467:
463:
462:Justin Martyr
459:
455:
451:
447:
438:
436:
432:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
407:New Testament
406:
404:
402:
398:
394:
390:
383:
381:
374:
371:
369:
361:
359:
357:
353:
349:
345:
338:
333:
330:
328:
322:
319:
315:
311:
304:Old Testament
303:
298:
296:
290:
287:
286:
285:
284:
280:
278:
271:
268:
267:
266:
265:
261:
255:
253:
248:
247:
246:
245:
241:
239:
235:
231:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
205:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
182:
181:
180:
176:
170:
168:
163:
162:
161:
160:
156:
154:
150:
146:
138:
136:
131:
130:
129:
128:
124:
118:
116:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
79:
76:
68:
58:
54:
48:
47:
43:
37:
28:
27:
22:
4239:
4232:
4225:
4218:
4211:
4204:
4197:
4190:
4183:
4176:
4169:
4162:
4155:
4148:
4141:
4134:
4127:
4120:
4113:
4112:Lang, G. H.
4106:
4096:
4089:
4082:
4075:
4068:
4061:
4054:
4047:
4040:
4033:
4026:
4019:
4004:
3999:
3991:
3986:
3973:
3965:
3960:
3952:
3947:
3939:
3934:
3922:
3917:
3909:
3904:
3896:
3891:
3880:Regeneration
3879:
3874:
3866:
3861:
3853:
3848:
3829:
3824:
3813:
3808:, p. 180-187
3805:
3800:
3792:
3787:
3778:, p. 97-98.
3775:
3770:
3762:
3757:
3749:
3744:
3731:
3723:
3718:
3710:
3705:
3700:, p. 62-114.
3697:
3692:
3684:
3679:
3667:
3662:
3654:
3650:
3642:
3637:
3625:
3620:
3606:
3598:
3593:
3585:
3580:
3572:
3567:
3559:
3554:
3546:
3541:
3533:
3528:
3516:
3511:
3497:
3488:
3480:
3475:
3463:
3459:
3450:
3442:
3437:
3429:
3424:
3411:
3403:
3399:
3386:
3378:
3373:
3365:
3360:
3352:
3347:
3339:
3334:
3326:
3321:
3310:
3305:
3297:
3292:
3284:
3279:
3271:
3266:
3258:
3253:
3245:
3240:
3232:
3227:
3219:
3214:
3206:
3201:
3193:
3188:
3180:
3175:
3167:
3162:
3154:
3149:
3141:
3136:
3128:
3123:
3115:
3110:
3102:
3097:
3088:
3080:
3075:
3067:
3062:
3054:
3049:
3041:
3036:
3028:
3023:
3015:
3010:
3002:
2997:
2989:
2984:
2976:
2971:
2963:
2958:
2949:
2941:
2936:
2928:
2923:
2915:
2910:
2902:
2897:
2889:
2884:
2876:
2871:
2863:
2858:
2849:
2841:
2836:
2827:
2815:
2807:
2802:
2794:
2789:
2780:
2774:
2766:
2761:
2750:
2745:
2737:
2732:
2723:
2715:
2710:
2701:
2693:
2688:
2680:
2675:
2667:
2662:
2654:
2649:
2641:
2636:
2628:
2624:
2619:Pentateuch."
2615:
2610:
2602:
2597:
2589:
2584:
2575:
2566:
2557:
2549:BibleRef.com
2548:
2539:
2531:
2526:
2518:
2513:
2505:
2500:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2479:
2471:
2470:; if of the
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2446:as a whole (
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2426:
2418:
2413:
2405:
2400:
2392:
2387:
2379:
2374:
2366:
2361:
2353:
2348:
2340:
2335:
2327:
2322:
2314:
2309:
2301:
2296:
2283:Soul dualism
2275:
2238:
2210:
2168:
2038:Watchman Nee
2010:What is Man?
1893:Evan Roberts
1710:G. H. Pember
1646:Henry Liddon
1509:Dutch Divine
1322:Henry Alford
1049:Thomas White
931:
853:Apollinarius
649:
641:
637:
633:
625:
619:
610:
602:Watchman Nee
599:
594:
590:
586:
581:
578:
570:
565:
562:
557:
553:
546:
536:
532:
527:
523:
519:
515:Apollinarism
512:
507:
501:
499:
487:
478:
442:
439:Early Church
433:
430:
410:
399:(soul), and
385:
376:
372:
365:
344:Erasistratus
340:
335:
331:
323:
307:
293:
288:
281:
274:
269:
262:
258:
249:
244:Hebrews 4:12
242:
237:
233:
229:
227:
222:
218:
214:
210:
209:pneumatikois
206:
201:
197:
193:
189:
188:pneumatikois
184:
177:
173:
164:
157:
141:
132:
125:
122:
92:
86:
71:
62:
40:
4032:Augustine.
4003:Fitzwater,
3791:McDonough,
3765:, p. 47-65.
3752:, p. 74-77.
3558:Berkouwer,
3532:Olshausen,
2988:Delitzsch,
2914:Delitzsch,
2840:Delitzsch,
2696:, p. 50-56.
2504:Delitzsch,
2460:entierement
2339:Delitzsch,
2078:Witness Lee
2018:Ruth Paxson
1750:F. B. Meyer
1131:Adam Clarke
990:7th century
813:2nd century
606:Witness Lee
582:Confessions
575:Reformation
526:) with the
366:During the
230:pneumatikos
127:Genesis 2:7
65:August 2019
4285:3 (number)
4279:Categories
4014:References
3666:Boardman,
3641:Ellicott,
3479:Climacus,
3377:Irenaeus,
3364:de Lubac,
3296:de Lubac,
3079:Boardman,
2875:Boardman,
2751:Psychology
2614:Boardman,
2601:Boardman,
2530:Ellicott,
2391:Boardman,
2365:Boardman,
2313:Delitzch,
2027:Protestant
1023:Delitzsch
495:Athanasius
348:Herophilus
192:pneumatikà
135:JPS Tanakh
97:trichotomy
93:tripartite
42:neutrality
4007:, p. 309.
3964:Sumrall,
3951:Cambron,
3908:Lockyer,
3865:Laidlaw,
3852:Roberts,
3761:Stalker,
3709:Laidlaw,
3549:, p. 384.
3536:, p. 134.
3515:Neander,
3342:, p. 627.
3274:, p. 366.
3261:, p. 484.
3244:Berkhof,
3235:, p. 101.
3205:Pelikan,
3196:, p. 114.
3118:, III, 25
3083:, p. 189.
3070:, p. 113.
3005:, p. 300.
3001:Pelikan,
2992:, p. 106.
2944:, p. 711.
2918:, p. 106.
2905:, p. 191.
2901:Berkhof,
2879:, p. 189.
2866:, p. 117.
2740:, p. 191.
2736:Berkhof,
2605:, p. 327.
2534:, p. 107.
2395:, p. 185.
2369:, p. 184.
2098:E.C.Bragg
909:Homily 21
356:Aristotle
277:salvation
234:psychikós
213:sarkínois
196:psychikós
113:dichotomy
109:bipartite
53:talk page
3990:Archer,
3942:, Ch. 5.
3938:Hendry,
3921:Paxson,
3882:, Ch 2.
3869:, p. 67.
3837:Archived
3804:Chafer,
3774:Larkin,
3748:Pember,
3722:Cremer,
3683:Murray,
3597:Alford,
3588:, p. 31.
3562:, p. 210
3545:Usteri,
3428:Layton,
3351:Origen,
3338:Bercot,
3325:Tatian,
3257:Strong,
3231:Hendry,
3192:Hendry,
3183:, p. 320
3170:, p. 323
3157:, p. 99.
3153:Hendry,
3144:, p. 98.
3140:Hendry,
3105:, p. 97.
3101:Hendry,
3066:Hendry,
3057:, p. 12.
3031:, p. 13.
2979:, p. ix.
2966:, p. 65.
2940:Schaff,
2810:, p. 66.
2797:, p. 16.
2769:, p. 65.
2749:Marais,
2683:, p. 39.
2493:complete
2444:complete
2378:Hendry,
2330:, p. 41.
2317:, p. 90.
2255:See also
1965:Reformed
1451:Berkhof
1397:Berkhof
1104:Berkhof
959:Berkhof
868:Berkhof
831:Eusebius
809:Irenaeus
738:Berkhof
446:Irenaeus
395:(mind),
238:sarkivós
221:sarkikoí
217:sarkikoí
145:neshamah
46:disputed
3818:Online.
3713:, p. 67
3696:Heard,
3571:Meyer,
3441:Basil,
3404:Eccl.T.
3287:, p. x.
3283:Heard,
3053:Heard,
3044:, p. 7.
3040:Heard,
3027:Heard,
3018:, p. 6.
3014:Heard,
2975:Heard,
2962:Heard,
2927:Heard,
2892:, p. 5.
2888:Heard,
2806:Heard,
2793:Kelly,
2765:Heard,
2714:Heard,
2692:Heard,
2679:Heard,
2666:Heard,
2653:Heard,
2640:Hodge,
2588:Heard,
2456:integer
2440:integer
2430:Heard,
2404:Heard,
2326:Heard,
2300:Heard,
2125:Baptist
1683:Strong
1600:Strong
1594:Baptist
1537:Strong
1515:Strong
1251:Strong
1209:Strong
1187:Strong
980:Strong
969:645/676
925:389/390
838:339/340
835:260/265
509:Christ.
314:nephesh
275:Before
149:nephesh
3979:Online
3927:Online
3895:Pink,
3884:Online
3878:Pink,
3834:Online
3828:Lang,
3780:Online
3737:Online
3672:Online
3630:Online
3613:Online
3584:Beck,
3521:Online
3504:Online
3468:Online
3443:Homily
3417:Online
3392:Online
3313:Online
2592:p. 40.
2489:Wholly
2452:entire
2271:Monism
787:Origen
744:Melito
701:Tatian
644:, and
604:, and
520:pneuma
470:Origen
454:Melito
450:Tatian
426:pneuma
422:psychë
397:psychë
153:Pneuma
111:view (
95:view (
91:, the
4295:Souls
2862:Lee,
2472:whole
2468:means
2448:totus
2436:totus
2352:Lee,
2289:Notes
932:Poems
664:Died
661:Born
658:Name
524:ru’ah
352:Plato
318:ruach
310:basar
2438:and
2277:Nous
2204:2004
2201:1916
2183:2004
2180:1915
2162:1996
2159:1913
2141:2000
2138:1911
2122:1997
2104:1995
2101:1912
2085:1997
2082:1905
2064:1993
2061:1904
2045:1972
2042:1903
2024:1949
2021:1889
2004:1971
2001:1888
1983:1984
1980:1886
1962:1952
1959:1886
1942:1973
1939:1884
1921:1953
1918:1883
1900:1951
1897:1878
1879:1958
1876:1874
1857:1952
1854:1871
1837:1962
1834:1863
1818:1927
1815:1861
1797:1924
1794:1850
1776:1929
1773:1848
1757:1929
1754:1847
1736:1917
1733:1838
1717:1910
1714:1837
1696:1921
1693:1843
1674:1903
1671:1834
1653:1890
1650:1829
1629:1828
1613:1917
1610:1828
1591:1903
1588:1828
1569:1864
1566:1824
1548:1910
1545:1821
1528:1905
1525:1819
1506:1882
1503:1817
1485:1894
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1464:1893
1461:1813
1442:1890
1439:1813
1410:1855
1407:1813
1388:1872
1385:1812
1369:1901
1366:1811
1350:1889
1347:1810
1329:1871
1326:1810
1307:1878
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1286:1873
1283:1800
1264:1868
1261:1800
1242:1833
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1011:1483
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418:söma
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380:nous
354:and
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105:soul
101:body
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769:170
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