327:
95:, which was used as the painting surface. The complete document consists of 56 sheets painted on both sides to produce a total of 112 pages. The Troano is the larger part, consisting of 70 pages comprising pages 22–56 and 78–112. It takes its name from Juan Tro y Ortolano. The remaining 42 pages were originally known as the Cortesianus Codex, and include pages 1–21 and 57–77. Each page measures roughly 23.2 by 12.2 centimetres (9.1 by 4.8 in). On the 56th page there is a patch of paper that does not match the rest of the paper. The patch is believed to be of European paper, however further research has not been conducted as it could be harmful to the codex.
315:
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in the performance of their ceremonies and divinatory rituals. The codex also contains astronomical tables, although fewer than those in the other three surviving Maya codices. Some of the content is likely to have been copied from older Maya books. Included in the codex is a description of the New
119:
The codex is stylistically uniform, leading Coe and Kerr to suggest that it was the work of a single scribe. Closer analysis of glyphic elements suggests that a number of scribes were involved in its production, perhaps as many as eight or nine, who produced consecutive sections of the manuscript.
70:
in Madrid and is considered to be the most important piece in its collection. However, the original is not on display due to its fragility; an accurate reproduction is displayed in its stead. At one point in time the codex was split into two pieces, given the names "Codex Troano" and "Codex
256:
Madrid resident Juan de
Palacios tried to sell the smaller fragment, the Cortesianus Codex, in 1867. The Museo Arqueológico Nacional acquired the Cortesianus Codex from book-collector José Ignacio Miró in 1872. Miró claimed to have recently purchased the codex in
236:
The codex was discovered in Spain in the 1860s, and was divided into two parts of differing sizes that were found in different locations. The codex receives its alternate name of the Tro-Cortesianus Codex after the two parts that were separately discovered. Early
273:, the conqueror of Mexico. One of these conquistadors possibly brought the codex to Spain; the director of the Museo Arqueológico Nacional named the Cortesianus Codex after Hernán Cortés, supposing that he himself had brought the codex to Spain.
326:
120:
The religious content of the codex makes it likely that the scribes themselves were members of the priesthood. The codex probably was passed down from priest to priest and each priest who received the book added a section in his own hand.
939:
Vail, Gabrielle Vail; Victoria R. Bricker; Anthony F. Aveni; Harvey M. Bricker; John F. Chuchiak; Christine L. Hernández; Bryan R. Just; Martha J. Macri; Merideth Paxton (December 2003). "New
Perspectives on the Madrid Codex".
314:
557:
Vail, Gabrielle; Bricker, Victoria R.; Aveni, Anthony F.; Bricker, Harvey M.; Chuchiack, John F.; Hernandez, Christine L.; Just, Bryan R.; Macri, Martha J.; Paxton, Merideth (2003). "New
Perspectives on the Madrid Codex".
79:, realised that the two pieces belonged together, and helped combine them into a single text. This text was subsequently brought to Madrid, and given the name "Madrid Codex", which remains its most common name today.
123:
The images in the Madrid Codex depict rituals such as human sacrifice and invoking rainfall, as well as everyday activities such as beekeeping, hunting, warfare, and weaving. Other images show deities smoking
524:
216:. Two paper fragments incorporated into the front and last pages of the codex contain Spanish writing, which led Thompson to suggest that a Spanish priest acquired the document at
196:
was of the opinion that the Madrid Codex came from western Yucatán and dated to between 1250 and 1450 AD. Scholars also suggest that the codex may have originated from the
245:
realised that both fragments were part of the same book. The larger fragment, the Troano Codex, was published with an erroneous translation in 1869–1870 by French scholar
249:, who found it in the possession of Juan de Tro y Ortolano in Madrid in 1866 and first identified it as a Maya book. Ownership of the Troano Codex passed to the
944:. 44 (supplement) (S5 Special Issue Multiple Methodologies in Anthropological Research). Chicago, Illinois, USA: University of Chicago Press: S105–S111.
1545:
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246:
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region of
Guatemala. Other scholars have expressed a differing opinion, noting that the codex is similar in style to murals found at
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The Madrid Codex is the longest of the surviving Maya codices. Its content mainly consists of almanacs and horoscopes used to help
1785:
1795:
1218:
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985:
1810:
1354:
811:
Noguez, Xavier; Manuel
Hermann Lejarazu; Merideth Paxton; Henrique Vela (August 2009). "Códices Mayas" [Maya codices].
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Middle divisions of pages 10 and 11 of the Codex Tro-Cortesiano, showing one tonalamatl extending across the two pages
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144:, but the evidence overwhelmingly favors a pre-conquest date for the document. The codex likely was produced in
305:
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705:. Ancient peoples and places series (6th edition, fully revised and expanded ed.). London and New York:
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59:
679:(in Spanish). Guatemala City, Guatemala: Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología: 876–888. Archived from
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paper that was folded up accordion-style. This paper was then coated with a thin layer of fine
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885:"The relationship between early colonial Maya New Year's ceremonies and some almanacs in the
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671:[The Tro-Cortesianus Codex of Madrid in the context of the Maya writing tradition]
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153:
112:
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748:
García Sáiz, Concepción; Félix Jiménez; Araceli Sánchez
Garrido; Salvador Rovira (2010).
72:
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669:"El Códice Tro-Cortesiano de Madrid en el contexto de la tradición escrita Maya"
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Arqueología
Mexicana: Códices prehispánicos y coloniales tempranos – Catálogo
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and Justin Kerr, have suggested that the Madrid Codex dates to after the
883:
Bill, Cassandra R.; Christine L. Hernández; Victoria R. Bricker (2000).
734:"Maya Hieroglyphic Writing – The Ancient Maya Codices: The Madrid Codex"
619:
Sharer and
Traxler 2006, p. 135. Vékony 1999. Noguez et al. 2009, p. 20.
1735:
1700:
1593:
1418:
1164:
444:"The Mayan Written Word: History, Controversy, and Library Connections"
205:
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The Cosmos of the
Yucatec Maya: Cycles and Steps from the Madrid Codex
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Sharer and
Traxler 2006, pp. 127, 135. Noguez et al. 2009, p. 20.
1398:
1371:
736:. FAMSI (Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies)
1055:
986:"El códice madrid, un viejo documento revela nuevos secretos"
815:(in Spanish). Special Edition (31). Editorial Raíces: 10–23.
677:
Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala, 1998
628:
Sharer and Traxler 2006, p. 127. Noguez et al. 2009, p. 20.
984:
Vail, Gabrielle; Aveni, Anthony (September–October 2008).
758:] (in Spanish). Madrid, Spain: Ministerio de Cultura.
831:(6th, fully revised ed.). Stanford, California:
489:
487:
477:
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999:(93). Mexico City, Mexico: Editorial Raíces: 74–81.
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128:, similar to modern cigars made of tobacco leaves.
824:
777:
208:, and sites on the east coast such as Santa Rita,
582:– via University of Chicago Press Journals.
525:"Charles Zidar - Ancient Maya Botanical Research"
370:
368:
27:One of three surviving pre-Columbian Maya books
663:Ciudad Ruiz, Andrés; Alfonso Lacadena (1999).
397:. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.
126:sikar (see tables 25, 26, and 34 of the Codex)
66:900–1521 AD). The Madrid Codex is held by the
1067:
592:Coe 1999, p. 200. Ciudad et al. 1999, p. 880.
172:; these languages are distributed across the
8:
253:("National Archaeological Museum") in 1888.
34:Copy of the Madrid Codex on display at the
1074:
1060:
1052:
899:(1). Cambridge University Press: 149–168.
107:Scenes connected to the hunt, Madrid Codex
54:) is one of three surviving pre-Columbian
261:. Extremadura is the province from which
1042:PDF version of the Madrid Codex at FAMSI
332:Reproduction of page of Trono Manuscript
87:The Codex was made from a long strip of
428:
426:
364:
280:
148:. The language used in the document is
601:Sharer and Traxler 2006, pp. 126, 135.
448:The International Journal of the Book
247:Charles Étienne Brasseur de Bourbourg
7:
58:dating to the Postclassic period of
756:Museum of the Americas: Short Guide
232:Rain-bringing snakes, Madrid Codex
25:
1143:
493:Sharer and Traxler 2006, p. 129.
481:Sharer and Traxler 2006, p. 127.
383:Sharer and Traxler 2006, p. 126.
325:
313:
304:
295:
283:
374:García Saíz et al. 2010, p. 54.
637:Noguez et al. 2009, pp. 20–21.
1:
751:Museo de América: Guía Breve
71:Cortesianus". In the 1880s,
1047:Madrid Codex at archive.org
514:Ciudad et al. 1999, p. 877.
505:Ciudad et al. 1999, p. 879.
251:Museo Arqueológico Nacional
1903:
1796:Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kʼawiil
649:Noguez et al. 2009, p. 21.
420:Noguez et al. 2009, p. 20.
1451:Annals of the Cakchiquels
1141:
905:10.1017/s0956536100111034
833:Stanford University Press
823:; Loa P. Traxler (2006).
780:Maya Art and Architecture
667:and H.L. Escobedo (ed.).
860:"Mayan Codex Facsimiles"
83:Physical characteristics
1811:Yuknoom Yichʼaak Kʼahkʼ
1771:Kʼakʼ Tiliw Chan Yopaat
979:(subscription required)
934:(subscription required)
862:. University of Arizona
858:Vékony, Atilla (1999).
784:. London and New York:
442:Bower, Jessica (2016).
136:Some scholars, such as
60:Mesoamerican chronology
233:
108:
39:
1786:Kʼinich Yax Kʼukʼ Moʼ
1776:Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal
1535:Título de Totonicapán
1108:Classic Maya collapse
231:
194:J. Eric Thompson
106:
48:Tro-Cortesianus Codex
33:
1791:Kʼinich Yoʼnal Ahk I
1514:Ritual of the Bacabs
1175:Twin-pyramid complex
993:Arqueología Mexicana
942:Current Anthropology
560:Current Anthropology
547:Miller 1999, p. 187.
349:Maya Codex of Mexico
263:Francisco de Montejo
1756:Bʼalaj Chan Kʼawiil
1726:Xmucane and Xpiacoc
1521:Songs of Dzitbalché
893:Ancient Mesoamerica
786:Thames & Hudson
707:Thames & Hudson
46:(also known as the
1882:Astrological texts
1781:Kʼinich Yat Ahk II
1589:Howler monkey gods
774:Miller, Mary Ellen
529:research.famsi.org
393:Paxton, M (2001).
290:Page 34: astronomy
234:
109:
40:
1869:
1868:
1806:Yuknoom Chʼeen II
1766:Itzam Kʼan Ahk II
1084:Maya civilization
821:Sharer, Robert J.
765:978-84-8181-476-7
566:(S5): S105–S112.
174:Yucatán Peninsula
16:(Redirected from
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827:The Ancient Maya
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1887:Maya codices
1721:Vucub Caquix
1680:
1649:Ah-Muzen-Cab
1640:Post-Classic
1629:Moon goddess
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1507:Rabinal Achí
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1160:Architecture
1024:. Retrieved
1017:the original
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887:Madrid Codex
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864:. Retrieved
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738:. Retrieved
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688:. Retrieved
681:the original
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665:J.P. Laporte
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255:
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202:Chichen Itza
176:, including
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113:Maya priests
110:
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63:
52:Troano Codex
51:
47:
44:Madrid Codex
43:
41:
18:Troano Codex
1861:Yohl Ikʼnal
1696:Hun Hunahpu
1614:Kinich Ahau
1604:Jaguar gods
354:Paris Codex
259:Extremadura
138:Michael Coe
77:ethnologist
1876:Categories
1711:Qʼuqʼumatz
1584:Hero Twins
1569:Death gods
1443:Literature
1379:Households
1345:Priesthood
1026:2013-05-03
866:2012-07-24
740:2012-07-24
690:2012-07-23
656:References
534:2019-02-24
458:20 October
454:(3): 19–20
220:in Petén.
186:Guatemalan
184:, and the
56:Maya books
1851:Sak Kʼukʼ
1681:Popol Vuh
1619:Maize god
1579:Goddess I
1500:Popol Vuh
1350:Sacrifice
1333:Midwifery
1323:Childhood
1273:Mythology
1236:Languages
1123:Guatemala
1013:832413394
1005:0188-8218
974:160017024
966:820604805
929:162281443
921:365511722
913:0956-5361
580:160017024
224:Discovery
150:Yucatecan
38:in Madrid
1846:Lady Xoc
1706:Jacawitz
1691:Camazotz
1674:Yum Kaax
1669:Kukulkan
1429:Tzolkʼin
1390:Calendar
1340:Religion
1298:Textiles
1278:Numerals
1263:Medicine
1258:Mayanist
1199:Ceramics
1192:Graffiti
851:57577446
804:41659173
776:(1999).
725:59432778
703:The Maya
701:(1999).
338:See also
241:scholar
239:Mayanist
166:Lacandon
1736:Zipacna
1701:Huracan
1609:Kʼawiil
1594:Itzamna
1555:Classic
1547:Deities
1477:Grolier
1470:Dresden
1464:Codices
1314:Society
1303:Warfare
1241:Classic
1219:Economy
1209:Cuisine
1180:Revival
1165:E-Group
1133:Yucatán
1118:Chiapas
1094:History
732:FAMSI.
277:Gallery
218:Tayasal
206:Mayapan
178:Chiapas
158:Yucatec
146:Yucatán
99:Content
50:or the
1822:Queens
1686:Awilix
1634:Yopaat
1599:Ixchel
1484:Madrid
1414:Kʼatun
1404:Baktun
1293:Stelae
1283:People
1246:Script
1204:Cities
1153:Topics
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432:FAMSI.
212:, and
210:Tancah
182:Belize
168:, and
132:Origin
93:stucco
1747:Kings
1731:Xquic
1716:Tohil
1664:Ixtab
1574:God L
1564:Chaac
1559:Bacab
1491:Paris
1434:Winal
1409:Haabʼ
1328:Women
1288:Sites
1268:Music
1224:Trade
1214:Dance
1128:Petén
1020:(PDF)
989:(PDF)
970:S2CID
954:JSTOR
925:S2CID
754:[
684:(PDF)
673:(PDF)
576:S2CID
360:Notes
214:Tulum
198:Petén
190:Petén
170:Mopan
89:amate
75:, an
64:circa
1659:Chin
1654:Akna
1644:Acat
1419:Kʼin
1399:Ajaw
1372:Ajaw
1251:List
1009:OCLC
1001:ISSN
962:OCLC
917:OCLC
909:ISSN
847:OCLC
837:ISBN
800:OCLC
790:ISBN
760:ISBN
721:OCLC
711:ISBN
460:2023
162:Itza
42:The
1624:Mam
1424:Tun
1187:Art
997:XVI
946:doi
901:doi
568:doi
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62:(
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