148:. His design had six pistons in total, three each attached to two disks. The disks were geared to each other to form six chambers between the pistons, such that at any one time one set of three chambers were "close together" while the other set of three was "wide apart", varying between those two extremes as the disks rotated. The timing was arranged such that the chambers reached their "close together" point over the spark plug, and their "wide apart" point over the intake and exhaust ports. This action is similar to the
179:. For this role the exhaust gas was too hot to be used directly in a turbine, given the materials available at the time, so the engine had a second "exhaust port" that vented cold pressurized air, which was then mixed into the hot exhaust. For direct power use, as opposed to driving a turbine, this "third area" of the engine could simply be left open to the air to avoid losing power by unnecessary compression.
78:. In these examples the "piston" is typically not cylindrical as in a modern internal combustion design, and is generally rectangular in cross-section as seen from the top, rotating in a flat disk "cylinder". From the side they are either flat plates or pie-wedge shaped. The term "swing-piston" is not entirely accurate in these cases, but the operating cycle is identical and is properly considered here.
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the cycle continued. When the plates reached their maximum distance, an internal passage was uncovered that allowed the partially expanded steam to flow across the center of the device into the area on the other side of the vanes, which were now at their minimum distance. In this fashion the design was effectively a
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The initial test engines had some minor problems, notably with sealing, but these were worked through and the engines were under test during 1944. One particularly good feature of swing-piston engines is that they can be bolted back to back along a common crank shaft to make a larger engine, and with
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Why all this complexity to produce a new version of an engine, the turboprop, whose primary advantage was simplicity? The main problem with conventional jet engines is that the combustion takes place in an open chamber, which is considerably less efficient than the closed chamber of a piston engine,
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A more serious attempt was the "Cambrian System" of John Jones in 1841. This design used two or three flat plates that were geared to move closer or further apart as the cycle continued. When the plates were at their closest point, steam was admitted between them using a valve, pushing them apart as
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in which the pistons move in a circular motion inside a ring-shaped "cylinder", moving closer and further from each other to provide compression and expansion. Generally two sets of pistons are used, geared to move in a fixed relationship as they rotate around the cylinder. In some versions the
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The overall turboprop looked much more like a jet engine than a piston one. The swing-piston gas generator was located in the middle of a long nacelle, with a five-stage axial compressor in front and a three-stage turbine behind. The compressor was used both to act as a
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In the 1990s, a number of inventors re-introduced the concept as if it were new. Examples include Angel Labs' "Massive Yet Tiny" engine, the
Rotoblock, the Roundengine, the Trochilic Engine and designs by Tschudi and Hoose. In 2009, Russian billionaire industrialist
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for the piston engine, as well as provide cold air to cool the turbine. The actual power to the propeller, combining both the pistons and the turbines, was 4,930 hp at 10,000 m altitude, far greater than any German wartime project.
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examined the concept and appears to have produced two swing-piston engine designs before moving on to the steam turbine. The Roots brothers designed a swing-piston engine of a unique type, although they are better known for their
81:
The first known example was introduced by Elijah
Galloway in 1829 for ship propulsion. It featured a single vane rotating through 270 degrees. It appears this version was never built, although a model still exists in the
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compared even to jet engines of the era. A five-block version was proposed for his turboprop concept, providing 3,450 hp from an engine about 2 m long. While the power-to-weight ratio was good, the
54:
Many swing-piston engines have been proposed, but none have been successful. Two attempts in about 2010 are the prototype
American-made MYT engine and prototype Russian ORE for use in the
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in a series of automobile turbines. Generally, however, improvements in the basic piston engine in "low-power" roles have kept any of these advanced designs out of the marketplace.
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on the combustion chambers, which had been used a number of times previously in experiments. Another approach entirely is to recover some of the heat of the exhaust in a
152:, the primary difference being that the Wankel creates compression and expansion via the shape of the engine and rotor, rather than the relative motion of the pistons.
62:
and high power-to-weight ratio, but there have been no successful demonstrations of claimed efficiency or that the engines are durable enough for practical use.
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It is unclear whether or not any internal combustion swing-piston engine has ever reached production, but the closest attempt appears to be the German
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Each "cylinder" from Lutz's design was 0.70 m in diameter and only about 30 cm in depth, providing 445 hp from 140 kg, an excellent
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each additional stage the running becomes smoother and the only part that needs to be made larger is the crankshaft. A similar arrangement with a
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287:. Another recent introduction aimed at the hybrid market is the "Hüttlin Kugelmotor", which combines the swing-piston concept with a modified
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pistons oscillate around a fixed center, as opposed to rotating around the entire engine. The design has also been referred to as a
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with his swing-piston design. Ultimately the exhaust would be used to drive a turbine, that power being used to drive a
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Lutz later patented the design under "Rotary compressor and other engines", United States patent 2,301,667.
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arrangements soon become so long that keeping the crankshaft from vibrating becomes a serious problem (see
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of traditional gas turbine engines at low speed. Lutz's design was intended to power very long-range
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Many variations followed, and a number of these saw limited use in the field. Notable among them was
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Figure 1 of US patent 2301667 showing a shaft, helical pistons and cams of Otto Lutz's engine
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The
Tschudi engine is also known as a "cat-and-mouse engine" or a "scissor engine".
86:. Galloway also designed a wide variety of pure rotary engines using vanes as well.
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announced his plans to enter an automotive business with a series of a lightweight
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481:"MYT Engine: US Patent "Internal Combustion Engine" #7415962 B2; Aug 26, 2008"
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Swing-piston engines were initially introduced during the 1820s as alternate
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and use that instead of fuel to heat the compressed air, a concept used by
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is generally more difficult to arrange, especially cooling, and ones with
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to produce a spherical design that directly powers an internal
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Lutz's design is not the only way to produce such an engine:
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designs, prior to the widespread introduction of the
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Lutz's engine was being designed as an experimental
108:, the United States' first screw-powered steamship.
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220:where it has constant volume (or close to it). The
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47:when the pistons oscillate instead of rotate, or
521:"The spherical genius of the Hüttlin Kugelmotor"
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353:. United States Patent Office. March 26, 2002
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259:experimented with a traditional engine with
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228:used in piston engines has a much lower
348:"Internal Combustion Engine and Method"
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51:based on the shape of the "cylinder".
413:"Rotary compressor and other engines"
389:"Rotary compressor and other engines"
101:'s design of 1843, which powered the
7:
375:
587:Toroidal engine from Franky Devaere
519:Rice, Vincent (22 September 2011).
752:Timeline of heat engine technology
462:. Greencarcongress.com. 2006-04-18
163:, one that replaced a traditional
25:
483:. Patft.uspto.gov. Archived from
323:Oscillating cylinder steam engine
207:of the engine was simply superb.
58:hybrid car. Both claimed high
553:Self, Douglas (9 April 2008).
1:
1334:Piston engine configurations
508:(in Russian). Auto.lenta.ru.
283:using this design as their
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559:Museum of Retro Technology
36:internal combustion engine
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747:
729:
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555:"Vibratory Steam Engines"
230:specific fuel consumption
41:oscillating piston engine
394:. Freepatentsonline.com
935:Single-acting cylinder
868:Double-acting cylinder
535:"Cat-and-mouse engine"
130:
803:Engine configurations
694:Steam (reciprocating)
318:Opposed piston engine
200:power-to-weight ratio
128:
905:Oscillating cylinder
293:electrical generator
27:Engine configuration
998:Two-and four-stroke
900:Intake over exhaust
763:Thermodynamic cycle
674:Pistonless (Rotary)
664:Photo-Carnot engine
121:Internal combustion
115:supercharger design
32:swing-piston engine
460:"Toroidal engines"
313:Free-piston engine
159:for a new type of
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1017:Inline / straight
915:Overhead camshaft
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277:Mikhail Prokhorov
16:(Redirected from
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1339:Proposed engines
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1008:Cylinder layouts
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565:on 15 July 2018.
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523:. Gizmag.com.
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487:on 2016-01-14
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437:rotoblock.com
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189:inline engine
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185:radial engine
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175:to produce a
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157:gas generator
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150:Wankel engine
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99:John Ericsson
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76:steam turbine
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66:Steam engines
65:
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34:is a type of
33:
19:
1299:Split-single
1085:Flat / boxer
945:Swing-piston
944:
734:Beale number
689:Split-single
623:Heat engines
563:the original
558:
546:Bibliography
529:
514:
500:
489:. Retrieved
485:the original
475:
464:. Retrieved
454:
443:
432:
421:
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396:. Retrieved
383:
355:. Retrieved
342:
302:
273:
254:
246:
226:Diesel cycle
218:
213:supercharger
209:
204:
197:
181:
154:
135:World War II
132:
104:
96:
88:
80:
72:steam engine
69:
53:
48:
44:
40:
31:
29:
988:Five-stroke
983:Four-stroke
940:Split cycle
878:Free-piston
821:Atmospheric
739:West number
659:Minto wheel
644:Gas turbine
582:Youtube.com
299:Other names
285:prime mover
165:centrifugal
142: [
1328:Categories
993:Six-stroke
978:Two-stroke
895:Heron head
853:Cam engine
679:Rijke tube
491:2011-12-06
466:2011-12-06
398:2011-12-06
357:2019-05-11
329:References
289:swashplate
222:Otto cycle
704:Aeolipile
506:"Yomobil"
376:Self 2008
232:than the
177:turboprop
173:propeller
139:Otto Lutz
105:Princeton
56:Yo-Mobile
925:Pentroof
873:Flathead
863:Compound
841:Rotative
711:Stirling
639:Fluidyne
307:See also
1133:V / Vee
950:Uniflow
883:Stelzer
858:Camless
836:Cornish
649:Hot air
238:bombers
205:density
1294:Radial
1284:Deltic
930:Rotary
848:Bourke
684:Rocket
669:Piston
1277:Other
960:Wedge
826:Axial
392:(PDF)
351:(PDF)
334:Notes
146:]
955:Watt
890:Hemi
831:Beam
814:Type
805:for
240:and
103:USS
1268:W30
1263:W24
1258:W18
1253:W16
1248:W12
1215:V24
1210:V20
1205:V18
1200:V16
1195:V14
1190:V12
1185:V10
1173:VR6
1161:VR5
1123:F16
1118:F12
1113:F10
1075:I14
1070:I12
654:Jet
257:BMW
224:or
167:or
1330::
1243:W8
1238:W6
1233:W3
1180:V8
1168:V6
1156:V5
1151:V4
1146:V3
1141:V2
1108:F8
1103:F6
1098:F4
1093:F2
1065:I9
1060:I8
1055:I7
1050:I6
1045:I5
1040:I4
1035:I3
1030:I2
1025:I1
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366:^
295:.
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43:,
30:A
1309:X
1304:U
1289:H
1225:W
795:e
788:t
781:v
615:e
608:t
601:v
537:.
494:.
469:.
415:.
401:.
378:.
360:.
20:)
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