37:
719:, Thomas Cole, Edward Sutton, Thomas Wood, William Williams, John Staunton, William Hammon, Michael Gill, and others. Knox and Whittingham wrote a Latin summary of the English prayerbook and sent it to Calvin for his opinion which was that it contained "many tolerable foolish things." Knox, Whittingham, Foxe, and Thomas Cole drafted what they thought would be an ideal order, but it was rejected by the prayerbook faction. It was later used at Geneva by the English congregation under Knox.
712:, who had left Strasburg to correct the situation in Frankfurt. However, others in Strasbourg and some who had moved from there to Frankfurt, opposed the prayerbook, so both congregations were divided from within. Some people may have remained out of the fight, and others, like Lever, changed sides over time. (In Knox's own account, Lever—who was his co-preacher—failed to support him and thereby exacerbated the division.)
756:, while the holding of multiple benefices was something "hot gospellers" under Edward VI had preached against. In May 1555 Knox preached on precisely this topic in Cox's presence, attacking the prayerbook and the scandal of pluralities. Knox nevertheless defied his own supporters in pleading that Cox's group be admitted as members of the congregation, which gave the prayerbook faction a majority.
751:
with the congregations' spoken responses. Tensions increased since it was known that some of the new arrivals, like Jewel, had subscribed to Roman
Catholic doctrines under Mary before they left England. Jewel preached a sermon in which he confessed his fault; but the more zealous exiles who were also
691:
in
England; who found the local compromise, in line with what happened for other exile groups, quite reasonable, but had some criticism of Knox's approach. Knox and Whittingham at this point pushed for a definition of essentials in the Prayer Book, causing Grindal to depart rather than be seen to
842:
who was part of the debates it concerns. Much of its material must have come to its compiler(s) from other hands, the letters it contains vary in apparent authenticity, and the documentary sources behind it are no longer extant except, in adapted form, parts of John Knox's account of his time in
779:
had just been burned at the stake in
February, and his wife and children were among the Frankfurt exile community. The prayerbook faction, also availed itself of a divisive argument, that it was presumptuous to attempt to be liturgically purer than those who had accepted the prayerbook and were
775:, whom Knox compared to Nero. Some of Knox's detractors felt that such radical language offended even sympathetic rulers and encouraged Roman Catholic persecution of Protestants in England and elsewhere. Notably
727:
In the process of the prayerbook dispute, Calvin weighed in when consulted to promote unity and compromise, although he agreed with those who took a low view of the prayerbook. As during the earlier
819:. This book was printed anonymously in 1575 (though one extant copy is dated 1574) and reprinted in 1642, 1707–08, 1846, and 1907. It may have been issued in response to a sermon delivered at
735:
or "things indifferent" was once more a crux of debate, rather than helping to build consensus. The result was that adiaphora was eventually abandoned as an arguing point on each side.
743:
A compromise order, really a version of the prayerbook service that retained much of it, was nearly accepted by 13 March 1555, just as a new group of
English refugees, including
362:
202:
36:
212:
433:
664:
prepared to send one of more its leaders, to take matters in hand. The
Frankfurt group responded by making known its intention to elect three ministers.
367:
207:
979:
222:
566:
498:
926:
893:
132:
102:
704:. Knox would not use the Genevan order since it would offend others, but neither would he allow the use of the English prayerbook form.
603:
838:
has made a case for Thomas Wood as the editor, and M. A. Simpson has questioned the assumption that there was a single author behind
217:
656:. They adopted liturgical practices, under some pressure from the local magistrates, that differed from what was laid down in the
372:
327:
657:
242:
885:
815:
The extended conflicts are documented in a single printed source: the narrative and reprinted correspondence that comprise
772:
458:
117:
850:
was the product of several editors, the last of whom he believes to have been John Field. The title page advertises
961:
519:
51:
540:
526:
347:
152:
127:
759:
Another settlement was in sight, when Knox's staunchest antagonists notified the local magistrates about Knox's
688:
483:
352:
277:
648:
In the summer of 1554, the
English exile community in Frankfurt was sharing a church with the congregation of
854:
as an explanation of the nature and origins of the conflicts in the Church of
England then taking place and
387:
122:
596:
443:
317:
162:
112:
47:
855:
804:
The criticism Ridley had of Knox was suppressed in published versions of his letter during the 1560, by
728:
687:
came with a group from
Strasburg, and had dealings with Knox. Grindal then wrote about the situation to
561:
312:
287:
747:, was brought in by Cox. The newcomers strongly objected to the compromise liturgy, which omitted the
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776:
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41:
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789:
653:
82:
764:
633:
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177:
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820:
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among them) left for Basel and Geneva. Conflict, which had preceded Knox's presence, continued.
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768:
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20:
683:. He led the opposition to the "prayerbook faction", the supporters of the 1552 Prayer Book.
415:
805:
660:, of 1552. When Whittingham sent a declaration of unity to other exile groups, in August,
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led an attempt to construct a compromise order. The prayerbook faction was led by
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428:
97:
92:
77:
715:
Knox found supporters in
Whittingham (Cox's former student), Richard Chambers,
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Knox was asked to leave
Frankfurt and did so on March 26. Sympathisers led by
744:
661:
809:
793:
732:
672:
629:
87:
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on the subject of the Genevan form of church discipline then advocated by
830:
Though it remains uncertain, the book's editor is commonly identified as
753:
28:
817:
A Brieff discours off the troubles begonne at Franckford ... A.D. 1554
748:
676:
918:
Archbishop Grindal, 1519-1583: The Struggle for a Reformed Church
881:
Archbishop Grindal, 1519-1583: The Struggle for a Reformed Church
958:
Marian Exiles: A Study in the Origins of Elizabethan Puritanism
620:
was a name given retrospectively to internal quarrels of the
628:
in the mid-1550s, involving also the Scottish reformer
921:. University of California Press. pp. 75–6.
700:The initial conflict centred on the order of the
946:, A. and C. Black, London (Digitized by Google)
856:the emergence of separatism and Presbyterianism
846:Noting these things, Simpson conjectures that
597:
8:
604:
590:
35:
15:
675:was sent as a minister to Frankfurt from
867:
27:
752:prone to dislike Cox, a considerable
671:, the major source for these events,
133:17th-century denominations in England
7:
907:
905:
103:Arminianism in the Church of England
956:Christina Hallowell Garrett (1938)
14:
980:History of the Church of England
731:under Edward VI, the concept of
652:, and was led by the expatriate
328:Elizabethan Religious Settlement
658:Second Prayer Book of Edward VI
632:. Politically, Frankfurt was a
243:Westminster Confession of Faith
203:History under Queen Elizabeth I
886:University of California Press
1:
773:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
213:History under King Charles I
761:An Admonition to Christians
739:Exacerbation of the dispute
996:
962:Cambridge University Press
858:. It is partisan history.
780:martyred back in England.
363:Immigration to New England
208:History under King James I
52:Springfield, Massachusetts
348:Providence Island Company
218:Cromwellian era and after
153:Definitions of Puritanism
128:Ecclesiastical separatism
942:Peter Hume Brown (1895)
353:Massachusetts Bay Colony
278:Trial of Archbishop Laud
223:History in North America
562:Congregational churches
520:The Godly Man's Picture
388:American exceptionalism
123:English Presbyterianism
944:John Knox: a biography
763:(1554). It disparaged
541:Foxe's Book of Martyrs
527:The Pilgrim's Progress
368:Culture in New England
318:Act of Uniformity 1662
163:Puritan Sabbatarianism
48:Augustus Saint-Gaudens
729:vestments controversy
644:Preliminary situation
618:Troubles at Frankfurt
405:Troubles at Frankfurt
373:Christmas prohibition
288:Vestments controversy
46:, an 1887 statue by
555:Continuing movements
273:Scrooby Congregation
832:William Whittingham
790:William Whittingham
696:Compromise attempts
654:William Whittingham
416:Notable individuals
313:English Restoration
83:English Reformation
915:(1 January 1979).
878:(1 January 1979).
634:Free Imperial City
358:Salem witch trials
303:Grand Remonstrance
298:Millenary Petition
253:Cambridge Platform
178:Puritan work ethic
108:English Dissenters
928:978-0-520-03831-8
913:Patrick Collinson
895:978-0-520-03831-8
888:. pp. 74–5.
876:Patrick Collinson
852:A Brief Discourse
848:A Brief Discourse
840:A Brief Discourse
836:Patrick Collinson
792:(Thomas Cole and
784:Departure of Knox
702:communion service
669:A Brief Discourse
650:Valérand Poullain
638:Holy Roman Empire
626:Frankfurt am Main
614:
613:
575:Reformed churches
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383:Half-Way Covenant
308:English Civil War
293:Martin Marprelate
248:Savoy Declaration
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821:St Paul's Cross
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689:Nicholas Ridley
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800:Historiography
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146:Crucial themes
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717:Anthony Gilby
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667:According to
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622:Marian exiles
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534:Paradise Lost
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494:John Winthrop
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484:Thomas Parker
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469:Cotton Mather
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454:John Endecott
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424:Peter Bulkley
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183:Merton thesis
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173:Puritan choir
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168:Millennialism
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158:Impropriation
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118:Nonconformism
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73:Protestantism
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26:
22:
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803:
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726:
714:
706:Thomas Lever
699:
668:
666:
647:
617:
615:
539:
532:
525:
518:
404:
378:Praying town
113:Independents
68:Christianity
42:
843:Frankfurt.
777:John Hooper
710:Richard Cox
692:negotiate.
681:John Calvin
479:James Noyes
444:John Cotton
429:John Bunyan
236:Confessions
98:Arminianism
93:Anglicanism
78:Reformation
43:The Puritan
825:John Field
765:Phillip II
745:John Jewel
61:Background
810:John Foxe
794:John Foxe
754:pluralist
733:adiaphora
723:Adiaphora
673:John Knox
662:Strasburg
630:John Knox
401:Elsewhere
88:Calvinism
974:Category
29:Puritans
21:a series
19:Part of
636:of the
341:America
266:England
196:History
925:
892:
771:, and
769:Mary I
749:litany
677:Geneva
573:other
862:Notes
512:Works
50:, in
923:ISBN
890:ISBN
808:and
616:The
567:U.S.
679:by
624:in
976::
960:,
904:^
884:.
834:.
827:.
812:.
767:,
640:.
23:on
931:.
898:.
605:e
598:t
591:v
570:)
564:(
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