2444:
2259:
3209:
2420:
3177:
2504:
3137:
2516:
2312:
2201:
3165:
2480:
83:
3149:
2432:
1931:
2468:
2219:
1887:
1899:
2456:
2183:
3221:
2171:
1265:) units were created as part of a reorganization between 1818 and 1822. These two corps were popularly known as « bigors » and « marsouins » respectively. Starting in 1831, these two arms ceased to serve on board naval ships and were exclusively armed with regular army equipment and weapons. Their role was now to serve on land in the new French colonial territories, as well as defending the large naval ports and bases in France itself.
492:
1915:
2492:
2528:
1871:
3193:
634:
1697:
3377:
1450:
2235:
2247:
3245:
3233:
3257:
68:
951: », the naval and marine officers were able to man their ships. However, the system reached its limitations quickly. The recruits often lacked discipline and experience, and were discharged or deserted following their first voyage, wasting months of training. Until 1682 there was a serious shortage of experienced sailors and soldiers in the French Navy.
794:. An evolution in the mentality of the troops and an increasingly pronounced separation between the marines and their officers followed. A tentative close-up merger was attempted by two naval ship corps and their troops in 1786 with the companies of naval gunners assigned to ships of the Navy; however, the experiment came to little conclusion.
1624:(9th Colonial Infantry Division – 9e DIC). Both these divisions also landed in southern France in the follow-on echelons of Operation Dragoon. The French wanted the United States to transport these two divisions to the Pacific to fight against the Japanese and later retake French Indochina, but transport was a problem.
1413:, and was commemorated thereafter in an annual ceremony at TuyĂŞn Quang in which a soldier of the French Foreign Legion (representing the besieged garrison) and a marine infantryman (representing the relief column) solemnly presented arms on the anniversary of the relief of the beleaguered French post.
2132:
Historically, the uniform consisted of a blue kepi with red piping, double breasted navy blue tunic, lighter blue trousers, and yellow epaulettes. Worn by all ranks until 1914, the blue uniform was reissued for regular personnel in 1930 and is still worn by bandsmen. This traditional uniform gave the
1542:
The
Construction Service of the marine artillery (which designed and engineered the naval artillery guns in the metropolitan arsenals), became an integral part of the colonial artillery following the reorganisation of 1900. In 1909 those colonial artillery officers who specialised in artillery design
2324:
The officers and senior non-commissioned-officer can wear, in special circumstances, a sword as a part of their dress uniform. This sword has a straight-edge blade, in contrast to other Army Corps' curved sabers and thus similar to those of the Royal
Marines and the rest of the British Armed Forces.
3538:
A "military humanism", perpetuating culture of others including the ability to make contacts with the most diverse populations and to gain their trust. This military humanism embodied by the tradition of multiculturalism are today carried on by the
Specialised Headquarters for Overseas and Foreign
2278:
is presented to new recruits in a solemn ceremony. It is worn by officers and non-commissioned officers when another headdress is not prescribed. The kepi is entirely dark blue – a very dark blue, often mistaken for black – with a red (privates and corporals) or gold (non-commissioned officers and
754:
and participate in the boarding of enemy ships. These companies were also in charge of guarding the various sea ports. Despite the fact that the artillery of the marines was limited in numbers compared to those of the infantry marines (fusiliers and grenadiers), the ship's marine artillerymen were
2543:
The nickname used by
Marsouins and Bigors for the other branches of the French Army is biffins (slang for ragmen). The name originated in the nineteenth century when sailors of the Fleet and Marine Infantry and Artillerymen, proud of their own smart appearance, accused the soldiers of the Army of
1522:
One problem of this system was the differences between the training and equipment required for colonial and
European warfare. Service conditions in turn would differ between the various colonial territories in Africa and South East Asia. The two types of colonial troupes were however successfully
3523:
Formed initially to be deployed for service on France's overseas territories to maintain French interests, the marine troops have acquired a culture of openness. In addition, foreign missions have required the weapon it covers areas of varied specialties (combat infantry and armor, fire support,
775:(in particular: these marines were recruited in Europe, with marine officers recruiting them on the spot due to an excellent knowledge of the local environment). Since then the anchor has been with the Troupes as their official symbol because of the former links to the French Royal Navy.
2370:
during a parade on 11 November 1944, this regiment for a first time dressed this beret with the insignia of the SAS. However, these paratroopers then belonged to the Air Force. In
Indochina, the Infantry Metropolitan SAS Demi-Brigade retained the practice, which was readopted by the
2295:
The officers of marine "mounted" units (that is to say those formerly using horses, or currently armored vehicles) have the privilege of wearing gold spurs for certain occasions. This differs from the usual French cavalry practice of wearing silver spurs. Tradition has it that Queen
2563:
who, when rescued by colonial troops, exclaimed "In the name of God, the great colonials!". Annual ceremonies celebrating the marine troops take place on 31 August and 1 September – the anniversary of the Blue
Division. On 31 August detachments of all marine units parade at
1109:
centered on the same three military harbors: Brest, Rochefort and Toulon. The Marine
Artillerymen were tasked to serve aboard Navy ships as well as manning the coastal batteries. The commanding officers of the Marine Artillery were naval officers. The corps was dispanded in
3450:
1426:
were initially composed of sailors, senior rates and naval officers who undertook special infantry training to form the "marine" detachments aboard ships and conduct small scale landings. Unlike their anglophone contemporaries, they are graded by
1817:
were mostly volunteer regulars, as in France, draftees are legally exempt from overseas duty. The conversion of the French Army into a smaller professional force led to the French Army's decision to make the brigade its largest formation and the
946:
by
Louvois in 1673. Starting from this date, senior naval and marine officers were obliged to separately recruit crews and marines for each ship. Using a system of «levées» (selective conscription) in the various sea ports, similar to the
3176:
606:
in 2013, their units took part in more than sixty military operations over six decades. As they represent a core asset of French expeditionary capabilities, they are highly trained soldiers and noted for their professionalism and strong
1556:
stationed in (the 19 military districts of metropolitan) France was marked at 2,123 officers and 26,581 other ranks. The strength maintained in the colonies amounts to 1,743 officers, 21,516 European troops and 47,868 native soldiers.
3208:
2200:
1500:
were composed of two distinct corps. One was the colonial forces in metropolitan France, composed of
Europeans who had voluntarily enlisted for successive service engagements of five years duration. These regulars (as opposed to
1172:(Marine Artillery and Infantry Corps), created in 1792. The Corps had four infantry regiments, two artillery regiments, two engineer companies and two training companies. The infantry units were transferred to the Army in 1794.
3220:
3527:
Transcending the concept of mastering military equipment and technologies, the marine troops unite around a single symbol, the traditional golden anchor, that for those who serve marks a unique style whose main features are:
3540:
2644:
The particular role of this branch of the French Army is to consolidate various specialties: infantry, artillery, cavalry (armored), parachute forces, signals and engineers. These specialties, which are consolidated in the
1163:
was an early attempt to use sailors for duties previously done by marines – soldiers specializing in naval and amphibious combat. This naval artillery corps was suppressed in 1792 and its duties transferred to a new marine
2503:
2101:
uniform is the same as for other units of the French Army (light beige, plain green or woodland or desert camouflage according to circumstances). Distinctive features are a gold metal fouled anchor badge on a dark blue
2660:
2515:
2286:
used by the TdM are gold for officers and NCOs and wool of "daffodil" yellow for other ranks. This colour and pattern is derived from the historic epaulettes of the light infantry formations in mainland France.
1027:
The infantry and marine artillery units were briefly merged into a single marine corps in 1769. Some colonial units were created at the same time, organized along the same lines of artillery and infantry units.
2419:
2246:
998:(Free Marine Companies) created in 1690. Each company was tasked to guard a military harbor and its immediate coastline. Beginning in 1695, the Companies were organized in battalions around the major harbors (
1327:
authorized two regiments. This was increased to three regiments in 1838 and four in 1854. The 1st Regiment was located in Cherbourg, the 2nd in Brest, the 3rd in Rochefort and the 4th in Toulon. In 1890,
3547:
These high values of identity give meaning to the commitment of the Marsouin and Bigord and always based natural vocation of the marine troops serving both in the French overseas territories and abroad.
3148:
3136:
2234:
2584:
appeared on the uniforms of French sailors from the late eighteenth century. The Marine Infantry and Artillery troops adopted this insignia at the same time and it remains the modern symbol of the
2479:
2258:
1577:
were still used in occasional amphibious landings but this was because of the ready availability of units normally based near naval embarkation ports or in colonial garrisons. In the World War I
2443:
932:
was a substantial force in 1671, consisting of 196 naval vessels. Colbert decided to create 100 companies of "guardian-soldiers" intended to form part of the crews of the larger naval vessels (
4029:
1519:
etc.). The proportion of European to "native" colonial troops were progressively reduced as additional locally recruited units were created during the late 19th and earlier 20th centuries.
1405:(March 1885). In March 1885 the two marine infantry battalions in Lieutenant-Colonel Ange-Laurent Giovanninelli's 1st Brigade suffered heavy casualties storming the Chinese trenches at the
1272:, essentially conducted by the Marines and their troops, led to the rehabilitation and the increase of the latter in 1846. The revolution of 1848 led to a draconian reduction in size. The
3164:
2467:
575:, the Marines have taken part in all French military campaigns since the corps' foundation, both on home soil and in theaters of operations around the world. They are stationed in
1547:"; a newly created corps of the French Navy which subsequently merged with the Naval Engineer Corps (responsible for the construction of naval ships) during the Second World War.
965:
The Marine units were recreated at the end of the 17th century by re-organization of the infantry units dedicated to guarding military harbors (the Warden-Soldiers Companies or
1679:
before metropolitan troops started also to recruit volunteer soldiers. The cessation of obligatory military service after 2001 permitted the deployment of the remainder of the
761:, being in charge of displacing and mounting the naval guns under the orders of the respective marine artillery officer in charge. In the 18th century, they constituted the
2667:
headquarters, and also directs Foreign Legion forces overseas. The General commanding the EMSOME is nicknamed the "Father of the Marine Corps" (le Père de l'Arme des TDM).
2279:
officers) trimming. All kepis display the anchor insignia of the Marines. When not being worn the kepi is expected to be positioned so that the anchor is always visible.
1595:
including the 4th, 6th, 7th and 8th Colonial Infantry Regiments and Colonial Artillery. (The artillery element at Gallipoli did not contain any artillery units from the
864:
2182:
1886:
1220:
The colonial expansion of the 19th century saw the extensive use of French sailors and marines serving together in Southeast Asia, the Pacific, and West Africa. The
2110:
and their badge is a composite of the gold metal anchor and the silver wing of airborne units). This is worn either on the beret or embroidered on the front of the
1990:
in English), either due to their toughness and unwillingness to desert their positions in combat or because their duties usually had them stuck on coastal rocks.
2431:
2491:
1365:(August 1884 to April 1885) and during the period of undeclared hostilities in Tonkin (northern Vietnam) that preceded it. Between June 1883 and April 1886 the
2681:
1825:
1733:
2339:
The armored, artillery and infantry regiments of the Marines wear dark blue berets with golden anchor insignia. The parachute regiments of the Marines (
2311:
1930:
3226:
The dissolution ceremony at Le Mans July 7, 2011, the battalion / battle group Richelieu of the 2nd Regiment of Marines after return from Afghanistan.
2356:
2340:
40:
3192:
2218:
1610:
In World War II, one Colonial unit did have "Marine" in its title – The Bataillon d'Infanterie de Marine du Pacifique (BIMP). Two divisions of the
3670:
3577:
590:
specialists, the French Marines were pioneers of professionalization since the late 1960s and are well suited for military campaigns abroad. From
350:
1505:) were assigned in small contingents to undertake tours of duty in the various French colonies outside North Africa. There they served either in
1416:
The French Navy itself, due to the trouble it was having in obtaining naval infantry detachments from the Ministry of the Navy, established the
4034:
3106:
2854:
2711:
2701:
2691:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2147:
was worn overseas during the colonial period, with blue, khaki or white uniforms according to circumstances. Until the early 1960s a dark blue
1802:(9e DIMa). This division was the amphibious component of the Force d'Intervention, which was renamed the Force d'Action Rapide (FAR) in 1983.
3887:
3725:
3700:
3612:
1870:
1638:
1511:(all white) units, or were employed as officers and NCOs in the recruitment, training and leadership of locally recruited indigenous troops (
3932:
611:. With a strength of over 17,000 men as of 2022, the Troupes de Marine consist of 26 regiments and amount to around 15% of the French Army.
3958:
2600:
1916: the Colonial Troops adopt the badge of an anchor over a flaming grenade (the latter being a traditional distinction of elite troops).
1898:
1305:
of general Élie de Vassoigne, named after the blue uniforms worn by the soldiers to differentiate them from the line troops. Following the
1302:
3341:
1586:
786:
under the Choiseul ministries, and after their emancipation at the end of 1760, they retained a large number of officers issued from the
2455:
208:
2961:
416:
1914:
1340:, created in 1793, was formed into a single regiment in 1814. A second was added on 8 July 1893. Battles fought in this era included
1281:
3717:
3692:
3643:
3604:
1294:
Honored since 1855, with the return of their staff of 1846, the marines demonstrated their capability during the expeditions of the
1284:
while aiding the heavy artillery pieces ( to constitute a siege artillery ) to disembark from the naval vessels under the orders of
868:
860:
2594:
1772: a royal ordinance provides for the port anchor badge on the uniforms of the French Royal Navy, including the Marine Regiment.
1180:(Marine Artillery Corps), created in 1794 from the artillery units of the Artillery and Infantry Corps. It was organized in seven
4024:
3183:
3126:
3120:
3112:
3098:
3092:
3085:
3079:
2860:
2622:
1945: the anchor officially sanctioned to be worn on all the attributes (including headgear and uniforms) of the Colonial Troops.
2410:
2402:
2391:
2376:
2372:
2367:
2363:
2334:
1856:
1781:
1771:
1148:
After 1786, the Marine units were often reduced to artillery units, except for some short-lived infantry regiments (1792–1794).
1123:
960:
764:
638:
2977:
2044:, unlike the rest of the Army cavalry. In military slang, they don't refer to themselves as cavalry but as "armored colonials" (
1018:(Marine Artillery Corps), created in 1692 to oversee the training and use of coastal artillery. The Corps was disbanded in 1761.
902:
815:
2874:
2868:
2935:
2170:
2829:
2823:
2527:
1749:
382:
355:
345:
3535:
An ability to adapt to the most unusual situations, a true lifestyle product of history and operational experience repeated;
2671:
1607:
were however far more likely to see action in African or Asian land campaigns or, during both World Wars, in France itself.
1855:" (corps) of the French Army, which includes specialties associated with other corps (artillery, cavalry, signals, armour,
2811:
2805:
2793:
2787:
2775:
2769:
803:
727:
624:
223:
2998:
2913:
2907:
2757:
2751:
2739:
2733:
2721:
1921:
1642:
1474:
1288:
1064:
1003:
884:
872:
845:
787:
310:
228:
3256:
3244:
3232:
1667:
which were the only units mainly or entirely composed of "engaged" (non-conscript) soldiers. This was also the case in
4039:
1246:
1129:
1087:("Royal Marine Infantry Corps), created in 1774 with the infantry units of the Royal Marine Corps, organized in three
568:
564:
475:
2252:
Shoulder patch of the marine artillery before the 2000s. This patch is sometimes still worn but not official anymore.
2082:
Recently, an engineer corps regiment became the first engineer regiment to inherit from Marine traditions. It's the
3830:
3582:
2929:
2891:
2885:
2383:
1402:
1366:
1091:
centered on the only three military harbors remaining: Brest, Rochefort and Toulon. The Corps' name was changed to
791:
738:
250:
1565:
By the time the Troupes were transferred to the Army the unit names changed from "Marine" to "Colonial" while the
2629:
1458:
1205:
823:
686:
290:
255:
4000:
3815:
3013:
1406:
1398:
1378:
648:
3773:
3745:
2037:
1720:. Finally, on 4 May 1961, the historic designation of "Troupes de marine" was readopted, this time for all the
1432:
1428:
1285:
394:
265:
82:
3182:
Military marine troops French Task Force, August 13, 2009, GTIA Korrigan (French forces in Afghanistan ;
1117:
2797:
2083:
1410:
1135:
389:
1369:
included several marine infantry battalions and marine artillery batteries. These units saw service in the
1105:(Marine Artillery), created in 1774 with the artillery units of the Royal Marine Corps, organized in three
3572:
3199:
2839:
2833:
1502:
1382:
1310:
572:
3214:
Ceremony of creation of battle group Richelieu, 2nd Regiment of Marines, before departure to Afghanistan.
1374:
1370:
3567:
3532:
A brotherhood of gun mindset maintained by simple and warm human relationships between comrades in arms;
2545:
2399:
2387:
1621:
1617:
1467:, who only now served in the colonies, should be responsible. By a decree dated 7 July 1900 the renamed
829:
243:
110:
3064:
3023:
67 régiment d'infanterie de Marine : Groupement de transit et d'administration du personnel isolé.
3903:
3801:
3759:
539:, sometimes simply referred to as "French Marines" in English, are one of the major components of the
2548:
is excused this nickname, probably reflecting a special relation between Marsouins and legionnaires.
2129:
is also sometimes worn by certain units with a history of colonial service in Africa and Indo-China.
1544:
1394:
1295:
876:
807:
678:
628:
560:
285:
233:
203:
2628:
1962: introduction of the TDM beret, regulated by the Corps, with the gold anchor badge as the DUI (
2509:
Ceremonial parade of companies of the 1st Parachute Regiment of Marine Infantry, in 2008 at Bayonne.
2125:(official colour name is daffodil) and a navy blue cravat (scarf worn around the neck). A red waist
2560:
2305:
2140:
1965:"), allegedly because, like porpoises, they accompany ships without really being part of the crew.
1877:
1634:
1349:
1341:
1306:
971:, created in 1671) and the artillery units dedicated to coastal battery service (Bomb Companies or
779:
642:
576:
295:
270:
238:
190:
2521:
Change of command of Colonel of the 1st Parachute Regiment of Marine Infantry, in 2008 at Bayonne.
859:
The 1670s saw significant changes in the organisation of the new corps, administered by Ministers
3852:
3709:
De Bizerte à Sarajevo : les troupes de marine dans les opérations extérieures de 1961 à 1994
2375:
in 1948. The red beret, which was officially introduced as the standard uniform headdress on all
1578:
1486:
1468:
1444:
1076:
747:
670:
587:
421:
409:
106:
3524:
communications ...) the exercise of which, today, reinforces a long history of professionalism.
790:, which would reproduce and compensate for the losses endured assisting the colonies during the
218:
39:
3883:
3721:
3713:
3696:
3688:
3639:
3608:
3600:
3557:
2240:
Shoulder Patch of all marines (and infantry, paratroopers and light cavalry before the 2000s).
1987:
1654:
1250:
1043:(Royal Marine Corps). The Corps was organized in eight regiments, each centered on a harbor: (
1037:(Royal Marine Artillery and Infantry Corps), created in 1769. Its name was changed in 1772 to
898:
692:
633:
491:
1344:(1854) in the Baltic, Sea of Azoff and the Crimea (1855-56), Ki Hoa in China (1860), and the
4019:
2613:
1962:
1646:
1417:
1386:
1345:
1226:
were tasked with insuring the French presence in its Asian, African, and American colonies.
599:
552:
404:
325:
280:
213:
2485:
Color Guard of the 1st Parachute Regiment of Marine Infantry November 11, 2008, in Bayonne.
938:
3864:
2635:
1985: "traditional" anchor now permitted to be carried on pennants and guidons as a badge.
1905:
1390:
1362:
1301:
In 1870, marine artillery and infantry were for the first time regrouped in a grand unit:
1209:
933:
751:
733:
608:
548:
464:
320:
315:
305:
300:
260:
114:
3836:
3787:
2568:
where the Museum of Marine Troops is located. On 1 September veterans hold a ceremony at
1633:
distinguished themselves in both World Wars. The most decorated regimental colors of the
1616:
were trained in amphibious tactics by the Americans and performed amphibious landings at
3835:(in French). Paris: Le Petit Journal Militaire, Maritime, Colonial. 1905. Archived from
1752:(9 DIC) that had performed a successful amphibious assault on Elba in World War II. The
567:. Characterized by their fundamental vocation for service beyond the seas, including in
2939:
2297:
1790:
were removed from this division in 1976 to form a separate intervention force, and the
1650:
471:
2663:(EMSOME), the Specialized Staff for Overseas and Foreign Operations, functions as the
4013:
3042:
2921:
2597:
1900: the anchor is carried by the Colonial Infantry with their transfer to the Army.
1532:
1269:
1242:
1189:
1052:
999:
922:
841:
377:
330:
3052:
10 régiment d'artillerie de Marine : 2 régiment du service militaire adapté in
2380:
2153:(forage/side cap) with red piping and anchor badge was the usual distinction of the
468:
461:
3774:"Armée de terre - Les Troupes de Marine en 1990 Revue n° 509 Mai 1990 - p. 189-190"
3746:"Armée de terre - Les Troupes de Marine en 1990 Revue n° 509 Mai 1990 - p. 189-190"
3155:
3041:
7 régiment d'artillerie de Marine : 3 régiment du service militaire adapté in
3030:
5 régiment d'infanterie de Marine : 4 régiment du service militaire adapté in
2473:
The companies of the 1st Parachute Regiment of Marine Infantry, in 2008 in Bayonne.
2301:
1937:
1701:
1536:
1528:
1229:
The revolutionary period saw a definite division in 1792 between the reconstituted
1181:
721:
340:
3449:
3380:
Uniform of the marines under Louis XV at the Museum of the 2nd regiment of marines
3063:
41 régiment d'artillerie de Marine : régiment du service militaire adapté de
3012:
11 régiment d'infanterie de Marine : régiment du service militaire adapté de
2725:
2606:
1920: an anchor entwined with a cable becomes the common badge of Colonial Troops.
2308:
in the Crimea (1854) where marine infantry saved British troops from destruction.
1980:
which was the order given for loading the guns on a ship. It could also come from
983:, created in 1689) and naval artillery administration (Artillery Commissaries or
3340:
2705:
2406:
2395:
2144:
1696:
1680:
1582:
1524:
1512:
1480:
1277:
1273:
1197:
1097:
in 1782, but it remained an infantry-only unit. The corps was disbanded in 1786.
948:
943:
929:
918:
888:
880:
783:
620:
595:
540:
367:
335:
275:
86:
3376:
1449:
3562:
3053:
2943:
2895:
2283:
1708:
With France divesting itself of its colonies, on 1 December 1958 the title of
1676:
1068:
372:
3968:(managed by the national federation of veterans of oversea and marine troops)
3635:
Les troupes de Marine dans l’armée de Terre. Un siècle d’histoire (1900–2000)
2603:
1919: All officers of the Colonial Troops adopt a gold anchor on their kepis.
977:, created in 1689), naval artillery training (Apprentice Gunner Companies or
2675:
2569:
2497:
Jumping uniform and equipment worn by parachutists of the Marine paratroops.
2122:
2107:
1657:. Following 1962, operations in Africa were undertaken by the again renamed
1060:
782:, these troops, along with the rest of the Marines, were transferred to the
556:
67:
3142:
Color Guard of the 22nd battalion of marines, November 11, 2008, in Nantes.
2965:
2779:
2565:
2425:
Beret badge worn by the paratroops of the French colonial troops.(Obsolete)
1645:
2 RIMa. After 1945 the decolonization wars involved the colonial troops in
1543:
and manufacture work were transferred into the newly created "Engineers of
3986:
2559:
This expression is believed to have originated with the famous missionary
2878:
2815:
2685:
2225:
2041:
1056:
1048:
837:
544:
399:
362:
750:. These companies were used to embark on royal naval ships to serve the
3086:
Battalions and Colonial Parachute Groups (B.C.C.P, G.C.C.P & B.P.C)
3002:
2981:
2917:
2743:
2715:
2695:
2027:
1672:
1184:
and re-organized in four regiments in 1803. The Corps gained the title
1044:
853:
833:
448:
96:
2557:
The Feast of the Marines: in the name of God, long live the colonials!
2206:
The distinctive badge with an anchor and the yellow epaulettes of the
3031:
2843:
2761:
2609:
1933: Colonial Artillery gunners no longer wear the grenade insignia.
2581:
1321:
The 21 February 1816, royal ordinance of Louis XVIII re-establishing
1072:
1007:
849:
580:
579:, in many French overseas departments and territories, as well as in
71:
3816:"Les troupes de marine tout en haut du générique du film "En avant""
3802:"Les troupes de marine tout en haut du générique du film "En avant""
3760:"Les troupes de marine tout en haut du générique du film "En avant""
3621:
Les Batisseurs d'empire Histoire Troupes de marine Tome II 1871–1931
1892:
Officer and Marsouin (private) in colonial dress, late 19th century.
1491:, retaining the anchor badge as a reminder of their naval heritage.
3448:
3375:
3339:
3170:
Parade of Companies of the 2nd Marine Regiment, change of command.
2899:
2310:
2103:
1695:
1668:
1516:
632:
591:
3974:
3965:
2359:, a Special Forces regiment, where soldiers wear a purple beret.
3920:
There were no units of Artillerie Coloniale at Gallipoli in 1915
2612:
1935: the anchor insignia appears alone on the armbands worn by
2275:
2126:
2118:
2111:
1457:
In 1890 the Ministry of Colonies was separated from that of the
1268:
The diverse colonial or exterior operations administered by the
603:
2315:
Badges and rank of Corporal and Corporal Chief of Marine troops
2300:
requested this distinction for the marine troops from Emperor
1157:(Royal Sailors-Gunners Corps), created on 1 January 1786. The
1010:). The Marine Companies and Battalions were dissolved in 1761.
2619:
1939: the anchor no longer to be worn with an entwined cable.
2355:) wear a red beret with anchor and wing insignia, except the
1687:
End of Troupes Coloniales and recreation of Troupes de Marine
3650:
Historique du 16 régiment d'infanterie de marine. Année 1900
2991:
Dissolved units with their traditions trusted to other units
955:
Free Marine Companies and Marine Artillery Corps (1690–1761)
921:, becoming respectively, the 11, 60, 43 and 61 regiments of
2625:
1953: approval of a "traditional" anchor design for the CT.
2325:
Since the Second World War, the sword is very rarely used.
1276:
saw them, along with the equipment of naval vessels of the
798:
Ordinary Sea Companies and Troupes de la marine (1622–1673)
3687:, London; Washington: Brassey's Defence Publishers, 1988,
1974:, a nickname whose origin is disputed. It could come from
1317:
Marine Infantry and Marine Artillery Regiments (1816–1900)
3406:
The enemy turned pale, stepped back many times. Forward!
1805:
Because of their overseas heritage and their use in the
3505:
For the victories of Jena, Auerstadt, Stettin. Forward!
3706:
Comité national des traditions des troupes de marine,
3676:
John C. Cornelius, Richard J. Sommers, Michael Winey,
1309:, the marines participated to the construction of the
351:
United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (1978–present)
1748:. It was named after and carried the insignia of the
1461:. This raised the question of to which authority the
1128:"Martinique et Guadeloupe", created 1772, became the
3541:État-major spécialisé pour l’outre-mer et l’étranger
3275:
This song is sung at a brisk pace to marching music
2692:
1er RĂ©giment de Parachutistes d'Infanterie de Marine
2661:État-major spécialisé pour l'outre-mer et l'étranger
2651:
branch, form separate arms in the rest of the Army.
2264:
KĂ©pi of a first sergeant in the TDM with gold piping
1859:) but with overseas deployment as a specialisation.
1834:) and then back to the 9th Marine Infantry Brigade (
887:. The regiments were no longer directly part of the
683:. The French colonies were under the control of the
157:("And in the name of God, long live the Coloniale!")
2712:
8e RĂ©giment de Parachutistes d'Infanterie de Marine
2702:
3e RĂ©giment de Parachutistes d'Infanterie de Marine
2449:
red beret (Amaranth) of marine paratroops (France).
1774:and one motorized brigade and formed into the 11th
1736:(9 Brigade d'Infanterie de Marine) (9 BIMa) of the
1075:). The corps was broken down in 1774, in line with
498:
486:
481:
455:
436:
431:
197:
186:
176:
161:
148:
128:
120:
102:
92:
77:
62:
49:
23:
3158:2008 military parade on the Champs-Élysées, Paris.
3121:7 RĂ©giment de Parachutistes d'Infanterie de Marine
3107:6 RĂ©giment de Parachutistes d'Infanterie de Marine
3093:5 RĂ©giment de Parachutistes d'Infanterie de Marine
2855:2 RĂ©giment de Parachutistes d'Infanterie de Marine
1824:was reduced in size on 1 July 1999 and became the
1034:Corps royal d'artillerie et d'infanterie de Marine
942:). However, these men were redirected towards the
917:) regiments were integrated definitively into the
724:(1958), their origin can actually be found in the
4030:Military units and formations established in 1622
3436:Bloody, but untamed, defied the winners. Forward!
3001: : bataillon du service militaire adapté de
2437:Current Beret badge worn by the Marine paratroops
852:. They wore an off-white/grey uniform with blue
675:, with origins dating back to the French Navy's
3327:In a supreme effort to turn our front. Forward!
1348:in Mexico (1863). Their most famous battle was
1235:and the ships of the navy. Under Napoleon, the
695:), accordingly, Marines defended the colonies.
3385:You die in battle or you come back victorious.
2863:) in Pierrefonds (RĂ©union) (airborne infantry)
2413:which transitioned to a purple beret in 2015.
1144:Revolution and First French Empire (1786–1816)
865:François-Michel le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois
3832:Les armées du XXe Siècle, supplement illustré
3473:In Madagascar you, Annam and Tonkin. Forward!
3445:The success betrays us but we kept the honor.
3297:In the roaring storm or rough fight. Forward!
1409:. The French victory at Hòa Mộc relieved the
8:
4003:Les troupes coloniales dans la Grande Guerre
4001:
3988:
3975:
3707:
3657:
3648:
3633:
3627:
3619:
3594:
3306:The heart of a sailor and that of a soldier.
3118:
3104:
3090:
3061:
3050:
3039:
3028:
3021:
3010:
2996:
2971:
2955:
2951:RĂ©giment d'Infanterie de Marine du Pacifique
2949:
2927:
2905:
2883:
2866:
2852:
2821:
2803:
2785:
2767:
2749:
2731:
2646:
2585:
2207:
2189:
2154:
2148:
2134:
2096:
2072:
2064:
2054:
2045:
2031:
2021:
2012:
1999:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1956:
1950:
1850:
1844:
1835:
1829:
1819:
1812:
1806:
1797:
1791:
1785:
1775:
1765:
1759:
1753:
1743:
1737:
1727:
1726:. They became a major component in France's
1721:
1715:
1709:
1658:
1628:
1611:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1572:
1566:
1551:
1506:
1495:
1484:
1472:
1462:
1421:
1356:
1335:
1329:
1322:
1260:
1254:
1236:
1230:
1221:
1175:
1169:Corps d'artillerie et d'infanterie de marine
1167:
1158:
1152:
1100:
1092:
1082:
1038:
1032:
1013:
993:
984:
978:
972:
966:
912:
906:
892:
821:
813:
770:
762:
756:
725:
715:
709:
684:
676:
668:
662:
646:
513:
152:
139:
132:
29:
3442:When fighting against one hundred thousand,
3415:The laurels of Podor, of Inkerman and Alma.
3262:Following the dissolution of the battalion.
3250:Following the dissolution of the battalion.
3238:Following the dissolution of the battalion.
2580:As a naval symbol since ancient times, the
2117:The modern full dress includes a dark blue
1796:was expanded on 1 January 1976 to form the
1479:and were thus rebadged, now as part of the
1280:, illustrating their capability during the
520:
3198:Clarion marine troops in Kuwait after the
2362:The red beret was first introduced to the
1826:9th Light Armoured Marine Brigade (France)
356:Multinational Force in Lebanon (1982-1984)
38:
3618:Serge Saint-Michel & Rene Le Honzec,
3514:In our blood on fire, do not flow in vain
3336:This is for you to have one life to give.
1204:These units fought for France during the
3933:"Unités composant les troupes de marine"
3629:Centre d'Etudes d'Histoire de la DĂ©fense
3482:Son-Tay and Nouméa, Tamatave and Beijing
2212:. This uniform is only used for parades.
1641:(RICM) and the regimental colors of the
1448:
3737:
3671:Office of the Chief of Military History
3578:List of French possessions and colonies
3366:We see your flag colors shine. Forward!
3354:And your face illuminated by burnished,
3132:
2999:4 régiment d'infanterie de Marine 4RIMa
2415:
2166:
2133:nickname of "the Blue Division" to the
1866:
1134:"Port-au-Prince", created 1773, became
3860:
3850:
3074:Other Parachute Marine units dissolved
2973:Détachement Terre de Polynésie/Rimap-P
1758:remaining overseas became part of the
1571:remained part of the French Navy. The
1122:"Pondichéry", set up 1772, became the
20:
3653:, Paris, H. Charles-Lavauzelle, 1903.
3511:For the blood of heroes, our fathers,
2682:RĂ©giment d'infanterie-chars de marine
1639:Colonial Infantry Regiment of Morocco
1620:(6th Moroccan Mountain Division) and
1084:Corps royal d'infanterie de la marine
154:Et au Nom de Dieu, vive la coloniale!
7:
3461:Valiant soldiers of our major ports,
2056:parachutistes d'infanterie de marine
1439:Transformation to Troupes Coloniales
487:Beret badge of the Troupes de Marine
3904:"Artillerie et expédition d'Orient"
3662:, Paris, L. Fournier et cie., 1939.
3638:, Paris, Lavauzelle, 2001, 444 p.,
3599:, Paris: Charles-Lavauzelle, 1991,
3439:A Bazeilles The Cluze and Neuville,
2722:1er RĂ©giment d'Infanterie de Marine
2364:Free French Paratroopers of the SAS
1837:9ème Brigade d'Infanterie de Marine
1714:(Overseas Troops) replaced that of
1700:A "marsouin" standing guard at the
1352:(1870) in the Franco-Prussian War.
1245:. Following the disbandment of the
3433:Our forehead, wounded by shrapnel,
3369:The glory took you under his wing,
3282:The chorus of male songs, (repeat)
3154:21st Regiment of marine infantry,
2930:33 RĂ©giment d'Infanterie de Marine
2886:6 Bataillon d'Infanterie de Marine
2824:11 RĂ©giment d'Artillerie de Marine
2770:21 RĂ©giment d'Infanterie de Marine
2544:being slovenly by comparison. The
2533:French military parachutist badge
1831:9 Brigade Légère Blindée de Marine
1334:was increased to eight regiments.
1160:Corps royal de canonniers-matelots
1154:Corps royal de cannoniers-matelots
543:and comprise several specialties:
417:Central African Republic Civil War
14:
3659:La formation de l'armee coloniale
3409:And on our foreheads that shines,
3360:From the Bosphorus to Martinique,
2908:9 RĂ©giment d'Infanterie de Marine
2869:5 RĂ©giment interarmes d'outre-mer
2806:3 RĂ©giment d'Artillerie de Marine
2788:1 RĂ©giment d'Artillerie de Marine
2752:3 RĂ©giment d'Infanterie de Marine
2734:2 RĂ©giment d'Infanterie de Marine
1821:9 Division d'Infanterie de Marine
1799:9 Division d'Infanterie de Marine
1692:Troupes de Marine (1958– present)
1389:(October 1884 to June 1885), the
980:compagnies d'apprentis-cannoniers
778:Following France's defeat in the
3977:Centre de ressources sur les TDM
3829:"L'Armée Coloniale Française.".
3490:Where the ardent call of bugles,
3467:Who do you count your dead point
3285:Our soul always ready to danger,
3255:
3243:
3231:
3219:
3207:
3191:
3175:
3163:
3147:
3135:
3080:List of French paratrooper units
2616:officers of the Colonial Troops.
2526:
2514:
2502:
2490:
2478:
2466:
2454:
2442:
2430:
2418:
2335:List of French paratrooper units
2257:
2245:
2233:
2217:
2199:
2181:
2169:
1955:soldiers are known in French as
1929:
1913:
1897:
1885:
1869:
1793:9 Brigade d'Infanterie de Marine
1311:second colonial empire of France
1116:"Cap", created 1766, became the
995:Compagnies franches de la Marine
961:Compagnies franches de la marine
765:Compagnies Franches de la Marine
639:Compagnies Franches de la Marine
490:
204:Siege of La Rochelle (1627-1628)
81:
66:
3880:Les Troupes de Marine 1622–1984
3596:Les Troupes de Marine 1622–1984
3458:Constantly ready for any fight;
3418:When Prussia inundating France,
3403:That the fire or sword deforms,
3333:Dear France, O sublime country!
2270:Kepi and traditional epaulettes
2188:Beret of all the French Army's
755:the determining factor for the
739:Compagnies Ordinaires de la Mer
728:Compagnies Ordinaires de la Mer
446:("Father of the Marine Corps")
181:Hymne de l'Infanterie de marine
3388:In every battle in the Crimea,
3372:For the honor always faithful,
3357:The brilliance of great deeds.
3291:Men of iron that nothing weary
2461:Marine parachutists in Rwanda.
2373:1st SAS Parachute Demi-Brigade
2304:to honor the branch after the
2298:Victoria of the United Kingdom
1750:9th Colonial Infantry Division
1587:Corps expéditionnaire d'Orient
1561:Troupes Coloniales (1900–1958)
1023:Royal Marine Corps (1769–1786)
968:compagnies de soldats-gardiens
824:RĂ©giment de l'Amiral de France
812:The separate companies of the
720:during the dismantling of the
422:Operation Sangaris (2013-2016)
410:Operation Barkhane (2014-2022)
383:War in Afghanistan (2001-2021)
346:Lebanese Civil War (1975-1990)
1:
4035:1622 establishments in France
3712:, Paris:C. Lavauzelle, 1995,
3678:The Military Forces of France
3502:We will give younger sisters,
3400:At the sight of our uniforms,
3348:Be proud soldier in the Navy,
3324:We see, contorted with agony,
3318:Just decimate our battalions.
2539:Marsouins, Bigors and Biffins
1550:In 1905, the strength of the
1253:, separate marine artillery (
804:Compagnie ordinaire de la mer
625:Compagnie Ordinaire de la Mer
224:War of the Spanish Succession
3878:Lavauzelle, Charles (1991).
3421:About Us unleashed its fury,
2405:retaining their traditional
1968:Marine Gunners are known as
1643:2nd Marine Infantry Regiment
1289:Charles Rigault de Genouilly
1177:Corps d'artillerie de marine
1015:Corps d'artillerie de Marine
875:. The four regiments of the
405:Operation Serval (2013-2014)
311:Second Madagascar expedition
229:War of the Polish Succession
3990:Musée des troupes de marine
3685:France, Soldiers and Africa
3519:Values of the Marine Troops
3499:So for us, oh what a feast!
3487:A day will come, dear hope,
3476:Also under the sky its dome
3470:You reduce Chinese, Kanaka,
3430:And when the battle roared,
3427:We have opposed our hearts.
3412:We can see the triple crown
3397:We were climbing the walls.
3363:From Senegal to the Pacific
3300:To make a soldier of Marine
2672:RĂ©giment de Marche du Tchad
2390:), became the norm for all
2176:Troupes de marine on parade
2139:units involved in the 1870
2026:, abbreviation: -IMa). The
1936:French colonial soldier in
1770:was expanded by adding two
1734:9th Marine Infantry Brigade
1453:Helmet of Colonial Troupes.
667:were formerly known as the
569:French overseas territories
476:Jacques Testard de Montigny
4058:
3882:. pp. 346 & 364.
3424:At his balls as his spears
3294:We look death in the face,
3077:
2384:Jean de Lattre de Tassigny
2332:
2106:(Marine paratroopers wear
1880:dress, as worn until 1914.
1442:
1367:Tonkin Expeditionary Corps
1200:'s return (1814 and 1815).
958:
905:, Royal-Vaisseux, and the
879:were transferred from the
801:
792:American Revolutionary War
769:who essentially spread to
618:
251:American Revolutionary War
3673:, Dept. of the Army, 1957
3508:Yes we love the holy wars
3496:Avengers ... and we will.
3309:Often in the torrid zone,
3288:Brave and lightning guns.
2698:(airborne/special forces)
2630:Distinctive unit insignia
1589:was more than two-thirds
1206:French Revolutionary Wars
1192:'s coronation (1804) and
986:Commissaires d'artillerie
974:compagnies de bombardiers
897:was retained. During the
891:although the designation
873:Secretary of State of War
291:Second Franco-Mexican War
256:French Revolutionary Wars
193:(31 August - 1 September)
37:
28:
3910:(in French). 5 July 2020
3680:, Washington, GPO, 1977.
2968:New Caledonia (infantry)
2379:in Indochina in 1952 by
1683:in overseas operations.
1475:DĂ©partement de la Guerre
1401:(February 1885) and the
1094:Corps royal de la Marine
1040:Corps royal de la Marine
885:secretariat of La Guerre
881:secretariat of La Marine
816:Régiment Royal–La Marine
395:Second Ivorian Civil War
266:First Franco-Mexican War
16:Corps of the French Army
4025:Arms of the French Army
3493:Will rise to our France
3464:No nothing can kill you
3394:De Malakoff under fire,
3351:Love thy victory bugles
3330:And we regret unanimous
3312:The tooth tiger or lion
2366:in August 1944, at the
1782:11th Parachute Division
1777:Division d'Intervention
1483:, under one name – the
1259:) and marine infantry (
1241:were used primarily as
1136:110th Infantry Regiment
1130:109th Infantry Regiment
1124:107th Infantry Regiment
1118:106th Infantry Regiment
691:(the equivalent of the
565:transmissions (signals)
390:First Ivorian Civil War
4002:
3989:
3976:
3708:
3658:
3649:
3634:
3628:
3620:
3595:
3573:French colonial empire
3454:
3453:Marsouin marine troops
3391:We too have taken part
3381:
3344:
3315:Fever or ball homicide
3200:Operation Desert Storm
3119:
3105:
3091:
3062:
3051:
3040:
3029:
3022:
3011:
2997:
2972:
2956:
2950:
2928:
2906:
2884:
2867:
2853:
2842:– (Marine Sappers) in
2834:Saint-Aubin-du-Cormier
2822:
2804:
2786:
2768:
2750:
2732:
2647:
2586:
2316:
2208:
2194:, except paratroopers.
2190:
2155:
2149:
2135:
2097:
2084:6ème Régiment du Génie
2073:
2065:
2059:, abbreviation: -PIMa)
2055:
2046:
2032:
2022:
2013:
2000:
1982:
1976:
1970:
1957:
1951:
1851:
1845:
1836:
1830:
1820:
1813:
1807:
1798:
1792:
1786:
1776:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1744:
1738:
1728:
1722:
1716:
1710:
1705:
1659:
1629:
1612:
1603:
1597:
1591:
1573:
1567:
1552:
1507:
1496:
1485:
1473:
1471:were placed under the
1463:
1459:Ministère de la Marine
1454:
1422:
1357:
1337:L'artillerie de marine
1336:
1331:L'infanterie de marine
1330:
1324:L'infanterie de marine
1323:
1261:
1255:
1237:
1231:
1222:
1176:
1168:
1159:
1153:
1101:
1093:
1083:
1079:'s reform of the navy.
1039:
1033:
1014:
994:
985:
979:
973:
967:
937:
914:RĂ©giment de Vermandois
913:
907:
893:
822:
814:
788:Ministère de la Guerre
771:
763:
757:
746:), created in 1622 by
744:Ordinary Sea Companies
737:
726:
716:
710:
687:Ministère de la Marine
685:
677:
669:
663:
658:
647:
598:in 2002, and from the
514:
153:
140:
133:
124:> 17,000 men (2022)
30:
3568:French colonial flags
3452:
3379:
3343:
3321:So to the motherland,
3303:You need in the chest
2678:(mechanized infantry)
2314:
2077:, abbreviation: -AMa)
2017:, abbreviation: -IMa)
2008:Infanterie de Marine
1729:Forces d'Intervention
1699:
1452:
1431:rather than adopting
1393:(November 1884), the
1373:(December 1883), the
989:, created in 1631).
869:Naval State Secretary
636:
244:French and Indian War
111:Expeditionary warfare
2840:6e RĂ©giment du GĂ©nie
2798:Châlons-en-Champagne
2392:airborne contingents
2074:artillerie de marine
2066:Artillerie de Marine
2023:infanterie de Marine
2014:infanterie de marine
1808:Force d'Intervention
1767:Force d'Intervention
1745:Force d'Intervention
1742:was formed a French
1711:Troupes d' Outre-Mer
1411:Siege of TuyĂŞn Quang
1397:(January 1885), the
1296:Second French Empire
1262:Infanterie de Marine
1256:Artillerie de Marine
1102:Artillerie de Marine
908:RĂ©giment de l'Amiral
808:Troupes de la marine
758:Troupes de la marine
679:Troupes de la marine
629:Troupes de la marine
286:Cochinchina Campaign
3935:. french government
3839:on 21 November 2016
3818:. 14 November 2022.
3804:. 12 November 2012.
3790:. 17 February 2023.
3788:"Troupes de marine"
3762:. 12 November 2012.
3667:Rearming the French
3279:In battle or storm,
3014:Polynésie française
2718:(airborne infantry)
2708:(airborne infantry)
2561:Charles de Foucauld
2306:Battle of Balaclava
2141:Franco-Prussian War
2053:Airborne Infantry (
1904:Marine infantrymen
1780:, which became the
1732:. In July 1963 the
1635:French Armed Forces
1403:Pescadores Campaign
1379:Capture of HĆ°ng HĂła
1307:Franco-Prussian War
1282:Siege of Sevastopol
1113:Colonial Regiments
711:Troupes d'Outre-Mer
655:Armed Forces Museum
577:Metropolitan France
296:Franco-Prussian War
271:Franco-Moroccan War
44:Marine troops badge
4040:Cardinal Richelieu
3455:
3382:
3345:
3065:Nouvelle-Calédonie
2957:Nouvelle Calédonie
2576:The anchor of gold
2317:
2282:The "traditional"
1761:Forces d'outre mer
1723:Troupes Coloniales
1717:Troupes Coloniales
1706:
1630:Troupes coloniales
1604:Troupes Coloniales
1598:Troupes Coloniales
1579:Gallipoli campaign
1553:Troupes coloniales
1497:Troupes coloniales
1487:Troupes coloniales
1455:
1445:Troupes coloniales
1381:(April 1884), the
1377:(March 1884), the
1077:Antoine de Sartine
748:Cardinal Richelieu
671:Troupes coloniales
659:
588:amphibious warfare
571:and, formerly, in
209:Franco-Spanish War
107:Amphibious warfare
3889:978-2-7025-0316-4
3726:978-2-7025-0380-5
3701:978-0-08-034748-6
3683:Anthony Clayton,
3665:Marcel Vigneras,
3613:978-2-7025-0316-4
3583:Moroccan Division
3479:Joined still halo
2665:Troupes de marine
2648:Troupes de marine
2587:Troupes de marine
2209:Troupes de marine
2191:Troupes de marine
2156:Troupes de marine
2136:Troupes de marine
2121:, yellow fringed
2098:Troupes de marine
2047:blindés coloniaux
2033:Troupes de Marine
2001:Troupes de Marine
1952:Troupes de marine
1876:Marsouin in full
1846:Troupes de marine
1814:Troupes de marine
1787:Troupes de marine
1772:airborne brigades
1755:Troupes de marine
1739:Troupes de marine
1660:troupes de Marine
1637:are those of the
1613:Troupes Coloniale
1592:Troupes Coloniale
1574:Troupes Coloniale
1531:, as well as the
1464:troupes de Marine
1407:Battle of Hòa Mộc
1399:Lạng Sơn Campaign
1395:Battle of NĂşi Bop
1385:(June 1884), the
1375:Bắc Ninh Campaign
1358:Troupes de marine
1238:troupes de marine
1232:troupes de marine
1223:troupes de marine
901:, the La Marine,
894:Troupes de marine
717:Troupes de Marine
693:British Admiralty
664:Troupes de marine
515:Troupes de Marine
506:
505:
234:King George's War
31:Troupes de Marine
4047:
4005:
3999:
3992:
3985:
3979:
3973:
3962:
3961:
3959:Official website
3945:
3944:
3942:
3940:
3929:
3923:
3922:
3917:
3915:
3908:Forum pages14-18
3900:
3894:
3893:
3875:
3869:
3868:
3862:
3858:
3856:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3826:
3820:
3819:
3812:
3806:
3805:
3798:
3792:
3791:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3770:
3764:
3763:
3756:
3750:
3749:
3742:
3711:
3661:
3652:
3637:
3631:
3623:
3598:
3259:
3247:
3235:
3223:
3211:
3195:
3179:
3167:
3151:
3139:
3124:
3110:
3096:
3069:
3058:
3047:
3036:
3025:
3018:
3007:
2975:
2959:
2953:
2933:
2911:
2889:
2872:
2858:
2827:
2809:
2791:
2773:
2755:
2737:
2728:(light armoured)
2704:} (3e RPIMa) in
2688:(light armoured)
2650:
2589:
2530:
2518:
2506:
2494:
2482:
2470:
2458:
2446:
2434:
2422:
2386:(except for the
2261:
2249:
2237:
2221:
2211:
2203:
2193:
2185:
2173:
2158:
2152:
2138:
2100:
2076:
2068:
2058:
2049:
2035:
2025:
2016:
2003:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1963:Harbour porpoise
1960:
1954:
1933:
1917:
1901:
1889:
1873:
1854:
1849:are one of the "
1848:
1839:
1833:
1823:
1816:
1810:
1801:
1795:
1789:
1779:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1747:
1741:
1731:
1725:
1719:
1713:
1665:Légion étrangère
1662:
1632:
1615:
1606:
1600:
1594:
1576:
1570:
1568:Fusiliers-Marins
1555:
1510:
1499:
1490:
1478:
1466:
1425:
1423:Fusiliers-Marins
1418:Fusiliers Marins
1387:Keelung Campaign
1371:Sơn Tây Campaign
1360:
1346:Battle of Puebla
1339:
1333:
1326:
1264:
1258:
1240:
1234:
1225:
1179:
1171:
1162:
1156:
1104:
1096:
1086:
1042:
1036:
1017:
997:
988:
982:
976:
970:
916:
910:
896:
827:
819:
780:Seven Years' War
774:
768:
760:
731:
719:
713:
690:
682:
674:
666:
652:
649:Musée de l'Armée
643:Seven Years' War
553:armoured cavalry
534:
531:
528:
525:
522:
517:
494:
326:Second World War
281:Second Opium War
239:Seven Years' War
214:Franco-Dutch War
172:
169:
156:
143:
136:
85:
70:
42:
33:
21:
4057:
4056:
4050:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4045:
4044:
4010:
4009:
3997:
3987:Website of the
3983:
3971:
3966:Unofficial site
3957:
3956:
3953:
3948:
3938:
3936:
3931:
3930:
3926:
3913:
3911:
3902:
3901:
3897:
3890:
3877:
3876:
3872:
3859:
3849:
3842:
3840:
3828:
3827:
3823:
3814:
3813:
3809:
3800:
3799:
3795:
3786:
3785:
3781:
3772:
3771:
3767:
3758:
3757:
3753:
3744:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3656:Louis Beausza,
3591:
3554:
3521:
3270:
3263:
3260:
3251:
3248:
3239:
3236:
3227:
3224:
3215:
3212:
3203:
3196:
3187:
3180:
3171:
3168:
3159:
3152:
3143:
3140:
3082:
3076:
2993:
2694:(1er RPIMa) in
2657:
2642:
2578:
2554:
2541:
2534:
2531:
2522:
2519:
2510:
2507:
2498:
2495:
2486:
2483:
2474:
2471:
2462:
2459:
2450:
2447:
2438:
2435:
2426:
2423:
2337:
2331:
2322:
2293:
2272:
2265:
2262:
2253:
2250:
2241:
2238:
2229:
2222:
2213:
2204:
2195:
2186:
2177:
2174:
2165:
2093:
2020:Light Cavalry (
1996:
1948:
1941:
1934:
1925:
1920:French Marines
1918:
1909:
1902:
1893:
1890:
1881:
1874:
1865:
1694:
1689:
1675:and the former
1563:
1545:Naval Artillery
1447:
1441:
1391:Battle of Yu Oc
1363:Sino-French War
1319:
1218:
1210:Napoleonic Wars
1208:and in all the
1146:
1025:
963:
957:
883:to that of the
867:, respectively
810:
802:Main articles:
800:
772:Nouvelle France
752:naval artillery
706:
701:
637:Soldier of the
631:
619:Main articles:
617:
609:esprit de corps
573:French colonies
532:
529:
526:
523:
509:
474:
467:
465:Joseph Gallieni
457:
447:
445:
438:
321:First World War
316:Boxer Rebellion
306:Tonkin campaign
301:Sino-French war
261:Napoleonic Wars
219:Nine Years' War
170:
167:
166:
138:
137:(The porpoises)
115:Airborne forces
113:
109:
57:
45:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4055:
4054:
4051:
4043:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4012:
4011:
4008:
4007:
3995:
3981:
3969:
3963:
3952:
3951:External links
3949:
3947:
3946:
3924:
3895:
3888:
3870:
3821:
3807:
3793:
3779:
3765:
3751:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3729:
3704:
3681:
3674:
3663:
3654:
3646:
3624:
3616:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3553:
3550:
3545:
3544:
3536:
3533:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3515:
3512:
3509:
3506:
3503:
3500:
3497:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3484:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3471:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3459:
3447:
3446:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3374:
3373:
3370:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3338:
3337:
3334:
3331:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3307:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3272:(traditional)
3269:
3266:
3265:
3264:
3261:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3206:
3204:
3197:
3190:
3188:
3181:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3162:
3160:
3153:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3116:
3102:
3088:
3078:Main article:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3070:
3059:
3048:
3037:
3026:
3019:
3008:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2969:
2947:
2940:Fort-de-France
2925:
2903:
2881:
2864:
2847:
2837:
2819:
2801:
2783:
2765:
2747:
2729:
2719:
2714:(8e RPIMa) in
2709:
2699:
2689:
2679:
2656:
2653:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2633:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2577:
2574:
2553:
2550:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2535:
2532:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2417:
2398:in 1957, with
2333:Main article:
2330:
2327:
2321:
2318:
2292:
2289:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2263:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2232:
2230:
2224:"Traditional"
2223:
2216:
2214:
2205:
2198:
2196:
2187:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2168:
2164:
2161:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2051:
2038:military ranks
2018:
1995:
1992:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1935:
1928:
1926:
1919:
1912:
1910:
1903:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1884:
1882:
1875:
1868:
1864:
1861:
1764:. In 1964 the
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1562:
1559:
1443:Main article:
1440:
1437:
1361:fought in the
1318:
1315:
1247:Imperial Guard
1217:
1214:
1202:
1201:
1173:
1165:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1120:
1111:
1098:
1080:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1011:
959:Main article:
956:
953:
911:( re-baptized
832:were based in
799:
796:
705:
702:
700:
697:
616:
613:
600:First Gulf War
507:
504:
503:
500:
496:
495:
488:
484:
483:
479:
478:
472:Marcel Bigeard
459:
453:
452:
443:Père de l'Arme
440:
434:
433:
429:
428:
427:
426:
425:
424:
414:
413:
412:
407:
397:
392:
387:
386:
385:
375:
370:
365:
360:
359:
358:
353:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
247:
246:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
199:
195:
194:
188:
184:
183:
178:
174:
173:
163:
159:
158:
150:
146:
145:
130:
126:
125:
122:
118:
117:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
79:
75:
74:
64:
60:
59:
51:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4053:
4052:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4006:
4004:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3982:
3980:
3978:
3970:
3967:
3964:
3960:
3955:
3954:
3950:
3934:
3928:
3925:
3921:
3909:
3905:
3899:
3896:
3891:
3885:
3881:
3874:
3871:
3866:
3854:
3838:
3834:
3833:
3825:
3822:
3817:
3811:
3808:
3803:
3797:
3794:
3789:
3783:
3780:
3775:
3769:
3766:
3761:
3755:
3752:
3747:
3741:
3738:
3732:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3718:2-7025-0380-2
3715:
3710:
3705:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3693:0-08-034748-7
3690:
3686:
3682:
3679:
3675:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3645:
3644:2-7025-0492-2
3641:
3636:
3630:
3625:
3622:
3617:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3605:2-7025-0316-0
3602:
3597:
3593:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3551:
3549:
3542:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3525:
3518:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3501:
3498:
3495:
3492:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3481:
3478:
3475:
3472:
3469:
3466:
3463:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3451:
3444:
3441:
3438:
3435:
3432:
3429:
3426:
3423:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3378:
3371:
3368:
3365:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3273:
3267:
3258:
3253:
3246:
3241:
3234:
3229:
3222:
3217:
3210:
3205:
3201:
3194:
3189:
3185:
3178:
3173:
3166:
3161:
3157:
3150:
3145:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3114:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3100:
3095:
3094:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3073:
3068:
3066:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2995:
2994:
2990:
2983:
2979:
2974:
2970:
2967:
2963:
2958:
2952:
2948:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2932:
2931:
2926:
2923:
2922:French Guiana
2919:
2915:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2888:
2887:
2882:
2880:
2876:
2871:
2870:
2865:
2862:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2831:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2817:
2813:
2808:
2807:
2802:
2799:
2795:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2781:
2777:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2763:
2759:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2745:
2741:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2727:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2662:
2655:Current units
2654:
2652:
2649:
2639:
2634:
2631:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2588:
2583:
2575:
2573:
2572:in Ardennes.
2571:
2567:
2562:
2558:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2538:
2529:
2524:
2517:
2512:
2505:
2500:
2493:
2488:
2481:
2476:
2469:
2464:
2457:
2452:
2445:
2440:
2433:
2428:
2421:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2369:
2365:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2336:
2328:
2326:
2319:
2313:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2280:
2277:
2269:
2260:
2255:
2248:
2243:
2236:
2231:
2227:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2184:
2179:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2151:
2146:
2142:
2137:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2099:
2090:
2085:
2081:
2075:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2057:
2052:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2015:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2006:
2005:
2002:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1984:
1978:
1972:
1966:
1964:
1959:
1953:
1945:
1939:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1922:in Madagascar
1916:
1911:
1907:
1900:
1895:
1888:
1883:
1879:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1853:
1847:
1841:
1838:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1815:
1809:
1803:
1800:
1794:
1788:
1784:in 1971. The
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1762:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1724:
1718:
1712:
1703:
1698:
1691:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1614:
1608:
1605:
1599:
1593:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1569:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1548:
1546:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1533:Indochina War
1530:
1526:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1498:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1482:
1477:
1476:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1451:
1446:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1424:
1420:in 1856. The
1419:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1383:Bắc Lệ ambush
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1332:
1325:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1303:Blue Division
1299:
1297:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1270:July Monarchy
1266:
1263:
1257:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1243:line infantry
1239:
1233:
1227:
1224:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1182:half-brigades
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1022:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1001:
996:
992:
991:
990:
987:
981:
975:
969:
962:
954:
952:
950:
945:
941:
940:
935:
931:
930:Marine Royale
926:
924:
920:
915:
909:
904:
900:
895:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
857:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
826:
825:
818:
817:
809:
805:
797:
795:
793:
789:
785:
781:
776:
773:
767:
766:
759:
753:
749:
745:
741:
740:
735:
730:
729:
723:
718:
712:
703:
699:Ancien RĂ©gime
698:
696:
694:
689:
688:
681:
680:
673:
672:
665:
656:
651:
650:
644:
640:
635:
630:
626:
622:
614:
612:
610:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
586:Historically
584:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
530:Marine Troops
518:
516:
508:Military unit
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
480:
477:
473:
470:
466:
463:
460:
454:
450:
444:
441:
435:
430:
423:
420:
419:
418:
415:
411:
408:
406:
403:
402:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
384:
381:
380:
379:
378:War on terror
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
357:
354:
352:
349:
348:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
331:Indochina War
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
245:
242:
241:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
201:
200:
196:
192:
189:
187:Anniversaries
185:
182:
179:
175:
164:
160:
155:
151:
147:
144:(The winkles)
142:
135:
134:Les marsouins
131:
127:
123:
119:
116:
112:
108:
105:
101:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
80:
76:
73:
69:
65:
61:
56:
52:
48:
41:
36:
32:
27:
24:Marine Troops
22:
19:
3937:. Retrieved
3927:
3919:
3912:. Retrieved
3907:
3898:
3879:
3873:
3841:. Retrieved
3837:the original
3831:
3824:
3810:
3796:
3782:
3768:
3754:
3740:
3684:
3677:
3666:
3558:Marine corps
3546:
3526:
3522:
3274:
3271:
3156:Bastille Day
2946:) (infantry)
2924:) (infantry)
2902:) (infantry)
2724:(1 RIMa) in
2664:
2658:
2643:
2579:
2556:
2555:
2542:
2403:paratroopers
2400:legionnaires
2377:Paratroopers
2361:
2338:
2323:
2302:Napoleon III
2294:
2291:Golden Spurs
2281:
2273:
2226:garrison cap
2131:
2116:
2094:
1997:
1977:bigue dehors
1967:
1949:
1924:(1894–1895).
1878:metropolitan
1857:paratroopers
1842:
1804:
1707:
1702:Gare de Lyon
1664:
1626:
1609:
1564:
1549:
1541:
1537:Algerian War
1529:World War II
1523:employed in
1521:
1493:
1456:
1415:
1354:
1320:
1300:
1293:
1267:
1249:, under the
1228:
1219:
1216:19th century
1203:
1193:
1185:
1147:
1106:
1088:
1026:
964:
949:marine press
927:
903:Royal-Marine
858:
811:
777:
743:
722:French Union
707:
660:
654:
585:
536:
512:
510:
499:Abbreviation
442:
341:Algerian War
180:
165:Red and blue
54:
18:
3998:(in French)
3984:(in French)
3972:(in French)
3939:17 February
3861:|work=
3776:. May 1990.
3748:. May 1990.
2846:(engineers)
2836:(artillery)
2818:(artillery)
2800:(artillery)
2706:Carcassonne
2407:green beret
2396:French Army
2274:The modern
2145:pith helmet
2095:The modern
2071:Artillery (
1994:Composition
1840:) in 2016.
1681:French Army
1583:Dardanelles
1525:World War I
1513:tirailleurs
1481:French Army
1429:naval rates
1274:Crimean War
1251:Restoration
1198:Louis XVIII
944:French Army
919:French Army
889:French Navy
828:founded by
784:French Army
641:during the
621:French Army
602:in 1990 to
596:Afghanistan
594:in 1964 to
561:engineering
541:French Army
451:Alain Vidal
368:Bosnian War
336:Suez Crisis
276:Crimean War
198:Engagements
129:Nickname(s)
87:French Army
58:(401 years)
4014:Categories
3733:References
3563:Tirailleur
3054:Guadeloupe
3043:La RĂ©union
2984:(infantry)
2944:Martinique
2896:Libreville
2849:Overseas:
2782:(infantry)
2764:(infantry)
2746:(infantry)
2684:(RICM) in
2552:Traditions
2409:, and the
2284:epaulettes
2123:epaulettes
2108:red berets
2011:Infantry (
1677:Yugoslavia
1655:Madagascar
1503:conscripts
1433:army ranks
1190:Napoléon I
1069:Saint-Malo
899:Revolution
458:commanders
432:Commanders
373:Kosovo War
141:Les bigors
3993:in Fréjus
3914:18 August
3863:ignored (
3853:cite book
3843:20 August
2726:AngoulĂŞme
2676:Meyenheim
2570:Bazeilles
2329:Red Beret
2030:units of
2004:include:
1983:bigorneau
1958:marsouins
1946:Nicknames
1906:in Tonkin
1647:Indochina
1350:Bazeilles
1342:Bomarsund
1107:divisions
1089:divisions
1065:Rochefort
1061:Marseille
1004:Rochefort
925:in 1791.
877:la marine
846:Rochefort
834:Dunkerque
557:artillery
439:commander
191:Bazeilles
3552:See also
2962:RIMaP-NC
2879:Djibouti
2816:Canjuers
2686:Poitiers
2640:Location
2042:infantry
2036:use the
1704:in 2016.
1663:and the
1535:and the
1508:blanches
1186:Impérial
1057:Le Havre
1049:Bordeaux
939:Vaisseau
923:de Ligne
871:and the
838:Le Havre
820:and the
708:Renamed
549:airborne
545:infantry
482:Insignia
400:Mali War
363:Gulf War
149:Motto(s)
4020:Marines
3589:Sources
3539:Units (
3127:7 RPIMa
3113:6 RPIMa
3099:5 RPIMa
3003:Mayotte
2982:Papeete
2978:RIMaP-P
2936:33 RIMa
2918:Cayenne
2875:5 RIAOM
2861:2 RPIMa
2830:11 RAMa
2776:21 RIMa
2744:Le Mans
2716:Castres
2696:Bayonne
2411:1 RPIMa
2394:of the
2381:Général
2357:1 RPIMa
2353:8 RPIMa
2349:3 RPIMa
2345:2 RPIMa
2341:1 RPIMa
2228:(calot)
2163:Gallery
2091:Uniform
2040:of the
2028:cavalry
1908:, 1888.
1863:Gallery
1673:Lebanon
1671:and in
1651:Algeria
1618:Corsica
1601:.) The
1581:in the
1517:cipayes
1286:Admiral
1045:Bayonne
947:«
861:Colbert
854:facings
830:Colbert
615:History
524:
469:Général
462:Général
456:Notable
449:General
437:Current
97:Marines
63:Country
55:present
53:1622 –
3886:
3724:
3716:
3699:
3691:
3642:
3626:CEHD (
3611:
3603:
3268:Anthem
3184:3 RIMa
3032:Guyane
2966:Nouméa
2914:9 RIMa
2892:6 BIMa
2844:Angers
2812:3 RAMa
2794:1 RAMa
2780:Fréjus
2762:Vannes
2758:3 RIMa
2740:2 RIMa
2582:anchor
2566:Fréjus
2546:Legion
2388:Legion
2143:. The
1988:winkle
1971:bigors
1940:(1905)
1811:, the
1653:, and
1585:, the
1469:troops
1073:Toulon
1008:Toulon
934:French
850:Toulon
734:French
704:Origin
627:, and
581:Africa
563:, and
171:
168:
162:Colors
78:Branch
72:France
50:Active
2980:) in
2964:) in
2938:) in
2916:) in
2900:Gabon
2894:) in
2877:) in
2832:) in
2814:) in
2796:) in
2778:) in
2760:) in
2742:) in
2614:Staff
2368:2 RCP
2320:Sword
2150:calot
2104:beret
1938:Congo
1852:armes
1669:Tchad
1278:fleet
1194:Royal
1164:unit.
1110:1786.
1053:Brest
1000:Brest
842:Brest
714:then
592:Gabon
535:) or
177:March
3941:2012
3916:2020
3884:ISBN
3865:help
3845:2020
3722:ISBN
3714:ISBN
3697:ISBN
3689:ISBN
3640:ISBN
3609:ISBN
3601:ISBN
2659:The
2276:kepi
2127:sash
2119:kepi
2112:kepi
1998:The
1843:The
1627:The
1622:Elba
1527:and
1494:The
1355:The
1071:and
928:The
863:and
848:and
806:and
661:The
604:Mali
521:lit.
511:The
121:Size
103:Role
93:Type
3720:or
3695:or
3632:),
3607:or
2674:in
1196:at
1188:at
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537:TDM
502:TDM
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519:(
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