42:
433:, Trump argued that Section 8005 of the 2019 Defense Appropriations Bill, which states "hat such authority to transfer may not be used unless for higher priority items, based on unforeseen military requirements, than those for which originally appropriated and in no case where the item for which funds are requested has been denied by the Congress." allowed him to transfer funds from the Defense Department to the Department of Homeland Security for the building the border wall as an unforeseen requirement.
488:
was impacting the environment of which they had a vested interest in, and thus were damaged by it. As a result, the Sierra Club case plaintiffs petitioned the
Supreme Court to reconsider their prior stay based on the findings of the Ninth Circuit in July 2020, but the Court declined to lift the stay in a 5–4 decision issued on July 31, 2020.
496:
The Trump administration petitioned the
Supreme Court challenging the Ninth Circuit decision of both the Sierra Club and the states' case, questing both the standing of the plaintiffs in the original suits, and the authority for the re-allocation of appropriated funds pursuant to Section 8005 of 2019
487:
The Ninth
Circuit on review issued their ruling on both cases on June 26, 2020, finding in a 2–1 ruling in both that the re-appropriation of funds was unconstitutional violating the separation of powers. The Ninth also affirmed that the NGOs had standing in their suit as the ongoing wall construction
463:
Judge
Gilliam issued a preliminary injunction in the Sierra Club case on May 24, 2019, blocking the use of the targeted funds for border wall construction on the basis that the plaintiff's challenge had a good chance of succeeding on the merits. Gilliam asserted that the re-appropriation of funds by
512:
became
President of the United States. Biden's early actions in office undid several of Trump's policies, among them those related to illegal immigration. This including formally abandoning the National Emergency that Trump has ordered, with Biden promising not to use any funds to build the wall.
472:
on July 3, 2019. The administration petitioned the
Supreme Court to challenge the injunction, and in a 5–4 ruling issued July 26, 2019, put a stay on the injunction as litigation continued, on the basis that the plaintiffs in the case may not have
468:. Gilliam also stated that Trump's claim of being able to reallocate funds under the National Emergency Act for "unforeseen" events was belied since he had been asking for funding since 2018. Judge Gilliam's injunction was upheld on appeal to the
383:
for construction of the wall which the Senate had confirmed but the House refused to allocate, and Trump stated he would veto any budget without fund for the border wall. While parts of the budget were passed through the year, including the
396:
for a 55 miles (89 km) stretch of the border wall. While Trump signed the compromised budget and border wall bill to end the shutdown, he then announced his intentions to declare a national emergency as to evoke powers of the
324:
Portions of the U.S.–Mexico border have had barriers in place to restrict illegal crossings of immigrants from Mexico since 2006, though only about half of the 1,954 miles (3,145 km) border is barriered as of 2018. One of
388:(NDAA) in August 2019, most other parts of the federal budget remained in limbo as the President and Congress engaged in partisan fighting over the border wall funding. This conflict was a major contributing factor to the
410:
385:
290:
316:, terminated the national emergency and ceased wall construction, making the case moot. The Supreme Court vacated the ruling and remanded the case to lower courts for any potentially necessary further proceedings.
437:
779:
329:'s presidential campaign pledges was to greatly expand and fortify the border wall to further restrict illegal immigration into the U.S. Shortly after his inauguration to office in January 2017, Trump issued
524:
Subsequently, in orders on July 2, 2021, the
Supreme Court granted the government's request to vacate the ruling from the Ninth and remand the case there to determine if any further litigation was required.
170:
Whether respondents have a cognizable cause of action to obtain review of the Acting
Secretary's compliance with Section 8005's proviso in transferring funds internally between DoD appropriations accounts.
1256:
465:
389:
348:
required to complete full construction of the wall; this included 864 miles (1,390 km) of new wall and improvements to 1,163 miles (1,872 km) of existing structures. For the
360:
was allocated for primary and secondary fencing, barrier planning and design, and border security technology, but no wall construction. Trump had put pressure on
Congress to pass the
301:
of funds appropriated to military spending towards construction of the wall. Numerous states and non-governmental organizations filed suit shortly after the order, resulting in a
369:
88:
469:
302:
1226:
1193:
853:
680:
1021:
1246:
1129:
361:
1251:
417:
of previously allocated funds from
Congress to departments within the Executive branch be re-allocated to construction of the border wall. This included
1261:
333:
instructing the government to begin construction of the expanded wall, but as the Order lacked any funding directive, no such construction could begin.
1236:
703:
1221:
1087:
995:
729:
365:
930:
341:
46:
376:
349:
278:
1231:
1241:
337:
605:
445:
1157:
1185:
477:
to challenge Trump's order. In the intervening year, about 200 miles (320 km) of new border wall was constructed.
364:
which would have funded the full costs for construction and ongoing operations, but the bill failed to pass out of the
844:
664:
274:
570:
392:. By February 2019, both the House and Senate had come to a compromise position on the border wall, allocating about
173:
Whether the Acting Secretary exceeded his statutory authority under Section 8005 in making the transfers at issue.
916:
876:
517:
had been scheduled to be held in February 2021, but as a result of Biden's revocations, acting Solicitor General
448:, and a second by a coalition of 20 states led by California. Both suits challenged the re-appropriation of the
1047:
636:
480:
Judge Gilliam issued joint rulings on both cases on June 28, 2019, ruling against Trump's re-allocation of
484:
of Defense Department funds set by Congress. The administration appealed both cases to the Ninth Circuit.
398:
294:
72:
906:
453:
330:
306:
289:. Congress did not grant direct appropriations to fund expansion of the wall, leading Trump to sign the
83:
336:
By 2018, Trump sought direct funding for the border wall construction from Congress to be given to the
413:
on February 15, 2019, two days after signing the 2019 budget into law. The order directed that about
784:
641:
518:
672:
579:
252:
843:
569:
436:
The order was immediately challenged in a number of cases. Two challenges were filed at the
452:
of the Defense drug interdiction funds for wall construction as unconstitutional under the
457:
244:
228:
208:
571:"Trump Orders Mexican Border Wall to Be Built and Is Expected to Block Syrian Refugees"
474:
216:
665:"Trump Plans National Emergency to Build Border Wall as Congress Passes Spending Bill"
542:
1215:
761:
501:
for the case on October 19, 2020, anticipating to be heard during the 2020–21 term.
139:
114:
17:
977:
963:
811:
326:
282:
240:
220:
200:
143:
125:
441:
232:
111:
877:"Trump can't divert military funds for border wall, federal appeals court says"
1162:
931:"Federal court rules that use of military funds for border wall is 'unlawful'"
286:
149:
676:
637:"Trump Puts Best Face on Border Deal, as Aides Try to Assuage an Angry Right"
583:
63:
Joseph R. Biden, President of the United States, et al. v. Sierra Club et al.
780:"Federal judge temporarily blocks part of Trump's plan to build border wall"
765:
509:
440:; one led by a group of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) including the
313:
118:
1022:"Appeals court rules funding for Trump border wall construction 'unlawful'"
368:
following its change in leadership from Republican to Democratic after the
1134:
1130:"Supreme Court to take up Trump border wall spending, asylum enforcement"
1092:
981:
967:
935:
815:
734:
129:
352:
that passed in March 2018, while Trump had requested a first trunch of
521:
requested the Supreme Court postpone them, which the Court agreed to.
411:
National Emergency Concerning the Southern Border of the United States
291:
National Emergency Concerning the Southern Border of the United States
663:
Baker, Peter; Cochrane, Emily; Haberman, Maggie (February 14, 2019).
704:"Trump Plans $ 8 Billion for Border Wall Invoking His Own Authority"
438:
United States District Court of the Northern District of California
429:
from the Treasury Department's forfeiture fund. In the case of the
444:
and the Southern Border Communities Coalition, represented by the
425:
for the Department of Defense's drug interdiction activities, and
1048:"ACLU, Sierra Club take border wall lawsuit to the Supreme Court"
845:"Supreme Court Lets Trump Proceed on Wall Plans Amid Legal Fight"
305:
ruling that deemed the transfer of funds inappropriate under the
960:
122:
41:
881:
610:
996:"Trump's 2019 Border Wall Spending Rebuffed by Appeals Court"
730:"ACLU sues Trump over his national emergency for border wall"
277:
case involving the appropriation of funds used to expand the
1088:"Supreme Court allows border wall construction to continue"
606:"Trump asks for $ 33B for border, including $ 18B for wall"
421:
from the Department of Defense's military construction,
1158:"Justices take immigration cases off February calendar"
1257:
United States Supreme Court cases of the Roberts Court
919:, 2019 WL 2715421 (N.D. Cal. June 28, 2019).
635:
Baker, Peter; Haberman, Maggie (February 13, 2019).
470:
United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
293:
in February 2019 which, citing his powers under the
702:Talev, Margaret; Sink, Justin (February 14, 2019).
189:
179:
162:
101:
96:
78:
68:
58:
53:
34:
543:"Donald Trump: 'We will build Mexico border wall'"
630:
628:
405:National Emergency Order and subsequent lawsuits
401:and re-allocate funds to build the border wall.
1186:"Supreme Court dumps border wall funding case"
909:, 2019 WL 2715422 (N.D. Cal. June 28, 2019);
8:
568:Davis, Julie Hirschfeld (January 25, 2017).
309:and leading to the Supreme Court challenge.
497:NDAA was lawful. The Supreme Court granted
362:Build the Wall, Enforce the Law Act of 2018
31:
1227:American Civil Liberties Union litigation
1076:, 140 S. Ct. 2620 (2020).
1118:, 141 S. Ct. 618 (2020).
356:for construction for the wall, but only
728:Clark, Dartunorro (February 19, 2019).
534:
832:, 140 S. Ct. 1 (2019).
683:from the original on February 15, 2019
379:was formulated, Trump again asked for
142:(N.D. Cal. 2019); affirmed, 963 F.3d
29:2021 United States Supreme Court case
7:
1046:Alvarez, Priscilla (July 22, 2020).
875:Alvarez, Priscilla (June 26, 2020).
1128:Williams, Pete (October 19, 2020).
994:Petterson, Edvard (June 26, 2020).
504:After the Supreme Court's grant of
1247:Trump administration controversies
1020:Gregorian, Dareh (June 26, 2020).
856:from the original on July 26, 2019
386:National Defense Authorization Act
47:Supreme Court of the United States
25:
1252:United States Supreme Court cases
1196:from the original on July 2, 2021
377:2019 United States federal budget
350:2018 United States federal budget
1237:Immigration to the United States
1184:Rowan, Nicholas (July 2, 2021).
1086:Williams, Pete (July 31, 2020).
929:Romero, Dennis (June 28, 2019).
40:
338:Department of Homeland Security
1222:2020 in United States case law
1156:Howe, Amy (February 3, 2021).
842:Liptak, Adam (July 26, 2019).
778:Barbash, Fred (May 24, 2019).
604:Kopan, Tal (January 6, 2018).
446:American Civil Liberties Union
1:
1262:Mexico–United States barrier
285:, colloquially known as the
279:Mexico–United States barrier
762:379 F. Supp. 3d 883
390:2018–19 government shutdown
275:United States Supreme Court
185:Motion to vacate is granted
1278:
917: No. 4:19-cv-00872
460:presided over both cases.
194:
184:
167:
39:
366:House of Representatives
281:under the presidency of
1232:Donald Trump litigation
156:, 141 S. Ct. 618 (2020)
1242:Sierra Club litigation
399:National Emergency Act
295:National Emergency Act
267:(previously captioned
454:Appropriations Clause
331:Executive Order 13767
307:Appropriations Clause
297:, took approximately
121:2019); affirmed, 963
1115:Trump v. Sierra Club
1073:Trump v. Sierra Club
978:963 F.3d 926
957:Sierra Club v. Trump
903:Sierra Club v. Trump
829:Trump v. Sierra Club
812:929 F.3d 670
807:Sierra Club v. Trump
757:Trump v. Sierra Club
515:Biden v. Sierra Club
466:separation of powers
344:, with an estimated
342:appropriations bills
270:Trump v. Sierra Club
264:Biden v. Sierra Club
154:Trump v. Sierra Club
108:Sierra Club v. Trump
54:Decided July 2, 2021
35:Biden v. Sierra Club
18:Trump v. Sierra Club
1190:Washington Examiner
973:California v. Trump
912:California v. Trump
785:The Washington Post
513:Oral arguments for
464:Trump violated the
409:Trump declared the
312:Trump's successor,
163:Questions presented
136:California v. Trump
669:The New York Times
642:The New York Times
576:The New York Times
549:. January 26, 2016
519:Elizabeth Prelogar
205:Associate Justices
138:, 379 F. Supp. 3d
907:No. 4:19-cv-00892
394:US$ 1.375 billion
260:
259:
253:Amy Coney Barrett
16:(Redirected from
1269:
1206:
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190:Court membership
44:
43:
32:
21:
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541:
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536:
531:
494:
482:US$ 2.5 billion
481:
458:Haywood Gilliam
450:US$ 2.5 billion
449:
431:US$ 2.5 billion
430:
427:US$ 600 million
426:
423:US$ 2.5 billion
422:
419:US$ 3.6 billion
418:
414:
407:
393:
381:US$ 5.7 billion
380:
358:US$ 1.6 billion
357:
354:US$ 5.3 billion
353:
345:
322:
298:
245:Brett Kavanaugh
243:
231:
229:Sonia Sotomayor
219:
209:Clarence Thomas
146:(9th Cir. 2020)
49:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1275:
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895:
867:
850:New York Times
834:
820:
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770:
748:
720:
694:
655:
624:
596:
560:
533:
532:
530:
527:
493:
490:
406:
403:
370:2018 elections
346:US$ 18 billion
321:
318:
258:
257:
256:
255:
217:Stephen Breyer
206:
203:
198:
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59:Full case name
56:
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50:
45:
37:
36:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
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4:
3:
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492:Supreme Court
491:
489:
485:
478:
476:
471:
467:
461:
459:
455:
447:
443:
439:
434:
415:US$ 8 billion
412:
404:
402:
400:
391:
387:
378:
373:
371:
367:
363:
351:
343:
339:
334:
332:
328:
319:
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310:
308:
304:
303:Ninth Circuit
299:US$ 8 billion
296:
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284:
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250:
246:
242:
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199:
197:Chief Justice
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1198:. Retrieved
1189:
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1167:. Retrieved
1161:
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1133:
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1097:. Retrieved
1091:
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1055:. Retrieved
1051:
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1029:. Retrieved
1025:
1015:
1003:. Retrieved
999:
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940:. Retrieved
934:
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911:
902:
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886:. Retrieved
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858:. Retrieved
849:
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789:. Retrieved
783:
773:
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739:. Retrieved
733:
723:
713:February 21,
711:. Retrieved
707:
697:
687:February 15,
685:. Retrieved
668:
658:
646:. Retrieved
640:
615:. Retrieved
609:
599:
587:. Retrieved
575:
563:
551:. Retrieved
546:
537:
523:
514:
505:
503:
498:
495:
486:
479:
462:
435:
408:
374:
335:
327:Donald Trump
323:
311:
283:Donald Trump
269:
268:
263:
262:
261:
248:
241:Neil Gorsuch
236:
224:
221:Samuel Alito
212:
201:John Roberts
153:
135:
107:
97:Case history
87:
62:
26:
1141:October 19,
1057:October 19,
1031:October 19,
1005:October 19,
984: 2020).
942:October 19,
888:October 19,
818: 2019).
791:October 19,
768: 2019).
741:October 19,
648:October 19,
617:October 19,
589:January 26,
553:January 26,
442:Sierra Club
233:Elena Kagan
112:F. Supp. 3d
1216:Categories
1163:SCOTUSblog
1099:August 19,
529:References
506:certiorari
499:certiorari
320:Background
287:Trump wall
69:Docket no.
1000:Bloomberg
766:N.D. Cal.
708:Bloomberg
677:0362-4331
584:0362-4331
510:Joe Biden
314:Joe Biden
152:granted,
119:N.D. Cal.
79:Citations
1194:Archived
1135:NBC News
1093:NBC News
1026:NBC News
982:9th Cir.
968:9th Cir.
936:NBC News
860:July 26,
854:Archived
816:9th Cir.
735:NBC News
681:Archived
547:BBC News
475:standing
456:. Judge
340:through
273:) was a
130:9th Cir.
1200:July 3,
1169:June 9,
970:2020);
375:As the
180:Holding
980: (
976:,
959:, 963
915:,
814: (
810:,
764: (
760:,
675:
582:
251:
249:·
247:
239:
237:·
235:
227:
225:·
223:
215:
213:·
211:
110:, 379
73:20-138
150:Cert.
132:2020)
102:Prior
86:___ (
1202:2021
1171:2021
1143:2020
1101:2020
1059:2020
1033:2020
1007:2020
961:F.3d
944:2020
890:2020
862:2019
793:2020
743:2020
715:2019
689:2019
673:ISSN
650:2020
619:2020
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