3217:
1455:
1505:, where her ancestral estates were located; and defeated them several times. Increasingly isolated and cut off from supplies, the two women were unable to sustain their last stand and the Chinese captured both sisters in early 43 CE. Trưng Trắc's husband, Thi Sách, first escaped to Mê Linh, then onward to a place called Jinxijiu and was not captured until three years later. The rebellion was brought under control by April or May 43 CE. Ma Yuan had Trưng Trắc and Trưng Nhị decapitated, and sent their heads to the Han court at
1548:
1598:
1288:
180:
160:
150:
1386:" on the local tribes by introducing Chinese-style marriage, opening the first Chinese schools, and introducing Chinese philosophies, therefore provoking cultural conflict. American philologist Stephen O'Harrow indicates that the introduction of Chinese-style marriage customs might have come in the interest of transferring land rights to Chinese immigrants in the area, replacing the matrilineal tradition of the area.
37:
170:
1176:
1755:. Modern Vietnamese historians and social activists however retroactively ridiculed and mocked men for doing nothing while "mere girls", whom they viewed with revulsion, took up the banner of revolt. The Vietnamese poem which talks about the revolt of the Trung Sisters while the men did nothing was not intended to praise women nor view war as women's work as it has been wrongly interpreted.
340:
1572:
administration in the Red River Delta and preparing the local society for direct Han rule. General Ma Yuan aggressively sinicized the culture and customs of the local people, removing their tribal ways, so they could be more easily governed by Han China. He melted down the Lac bronze drums, their chieftains' symbol of authority, to cast a statue of a horse, which he presented to
1646:. No large-scale uprising occurred in the region for roughly 400 years. The successful reconquest of Northern Vietnam also gave the Han dynasty secured gateways to access southern maritime trade routes and establish ties with various polities in Southeast Asia and beyond, and increasing relationships between China and the Indian Ocean world. The Han records mention a distant
1727:
1762:("when the enemy is at the gate, even the women go out fighting") has been recited as evidence of Lạc women's respected status. In the contrary, other interpretations of the quote state that it only means fighting in war is inappropriate for women and its only when the situation is so desperate that the war has spread to their home then women should enter the war.
1501:. Yuan's forces battled the Trưng sisters, beheaded several thousand of Trưng Trắc's partisans, while more than ten thousand surrendered to him. The Chinese general pushed on to victory. During the campaign he explained in a letter to his nephews how “greatly” he detested groundless criticism of proper authority. Yuan pursued Trưng Trắc and her retainers to Jinxi
1685:. The culture was known for casting large Heger type II drums that share many similarities with Dong Son's Heger type I drums. Lǐ (俚) and Lǎo (獠) are interchangeably perceived as non-Chinese and contemporary sources did not prefer a specific ethnicity for them, the culture could have been multiethnic as modern Vietnam and Southern China are, made up by primary
1524:
1269:. In 43 CE, the Han army fully suppressed the uprising and regained complete control. The Trưng sisters were captured and beheaded by the Han forces, although Vietnamese chronicles of the defeat records that the two sisters, having lost to Han forces, decided to commit suicide by jumping down the Hát Giang river, so as not to surrender to the Han.
1421:, Thi Sách was "of a fierce temperament". Trưng Trắc, who was likewise described as "possessing mettle and courage", fearlessly stirred her husband to action. As a result, Su Ding attempted to restrain Thi Sách with laws, literally beheading him without trial. Trưng Trắc became the central figure in mobilizing the Lac lords against the Chinese.
49:
titled "Trưng Vuơng trừ giặc Hán" (徴王除賊漢 - Trung Queens eliminating the Han enemies). Trưng Trắc (徴側) sits on white elephant and Trưng Nhị (徴貳) on black elephant, accompanied by weapon-toting Lạc Việt soldiers; Han soldiers are felled and dead; Han governor Su Ding (蘇定) looks back while fleeing. All
1746:
The Trưng sisters' rebellion marked a brilliant epoch for women in ancient southern China and reflected the importance of women in early
Vietnamese society. One reason listed by medieval Confucian scholars for the defeat is the desertion by rebels because they did not believe they could win under a
1433:
people to rise up in rebellion against the Han. The Hou Han Shu recorded that Trưng Trắc launched the rebellion to avenge the killing of her dissident husband. Other sources indicate that Trưng Trắc's movement towards rebellion was influenced by the loss of land intended for her inheritance due to
1641:
tradition that had been flourished in
Northern Vietnam for centuries, as the Han tightened their grip over the region, culminating in process that transformed the non-Sinic people. Local Red River Delta elites pledged themselves to Chinese cultural norms and Chinese hierarchy. Chinese techniques,
1571:
In their reconquest of
Jiaozhi and Jiuzhen, Han forces also appear to have massacred most of the Lạc Việt aristocracy, beheading five to ten thousand people and deporting several hundred families to China. After the Trưng sisters were dead, Ma Yuan spent most of the year 43 building up Han
1576:
when he returned to
Luoyang in the autumn of 44 AD. In Ma Yuan's letter to his nephews while campaigning in Jiaozhi, he quoted a Chinese saying: "If you do not succeed in sculpting a swan, the result will still look like a duck." Ma Yuan then divided the Tây Vu (Xiyu, modern day
1589:" had become a category of Chinese perception designating myriad groups of non-Chinese peoples in the south. The Chinese considered the Lac to be a "Yue" people, and it was customary to attribute certain cliched cultural traits to the Lạc in order to identify them as "Yue".
1446:. Chinese settlements were overrun, and Su Ting fled. The uprising gained the control of about sixty-five towns and settlements. Trưng Trắc was proclaimed as the queen. Even though she gained control over the countryside, she was not able to capture major fortified towns.
1701:. After the collapse of the Han dynasty in the early third century CE and China being in a state of turmoil for approximately 400 years, no Chinese dynasty was strong enough to exert its control and influence over this region until the powerful
1509:. By the end of 43 CE, the Han army had taken full control over the region by defeating the last pockets of resistance. Yuan reported his victories, and added: “Since I came to Jiaozhi, the current troop has been the most magnificent."
1642:
religions, and taxation were forced upon or voluntarily embraced by indigenous tribes. The regions' demographics and history shifted. Jiaozhou or the Red River Delta gradually became semi-integrated into
Chinese empires through Han to
2638:
263:
1347:-related group in the region, and it is hard to say whether Luoyue were a tribal confederation or a collective designation for various unaffiliated Yue tribes who inhabited in North Vietnam. They practiced non-Chinese tribal ways,
1654:(Central Vietnam) in 166 CE. Along with trade and knowledge, religions such as Buddhism possibly spread to China via Northern Vietnam from southern sea, along with obvious inland Silk Road, during the second and third centuries.
3216:
926:
1709:
chiefdoms representing the Li Lao drum culture's autonomy created the voidness of imperial authorities in the regions that were inside the empire. According to researcher
Catherine Churchman in her 2016 book
1493:
Ma Yuan and his staff began mobilizing a Han army in southern China. It consisted 20,000 regulars and 12,000 regional auxiliaries. From
Guangdong, Ma Yuan dispatched a fleet of supply ships along the coast.
256:
2682:
249:
3395:
1714:, due to Li-Lao culture's massive dominantly influences, instead of becoming more assimilated into China, the Red River Delta from 200 to 750 CE experienced a reverse effect on
1836:
3652:
3294:
1482:
gave the orders to initiate a military campaign. The strategic importance of
Jiaozhi is underscored by the fact that the Han sent their most trusted generals,
3055:
1204:
2719:
3577:
3455:
880:
1490:(伏波將軍; General who Calms the Waves). He would later go down in Chinese history as a great official who brought Han civilization to the barbarians.
3647:
2956:
McKay, John P.; Hill, Bennett D.; Buckler, John; Crowston, Clare Haru; Hanks, Merry E. Wiesner; Ebrey, Patricia
Buckley; Beck, Roger B. (2012).
3642:
3225:
3184:
3130:
1747:
woman's leadership. The fact that women were in charge was blamed as a reason for the defeat by historical
Vietnamese texts written during the
1126:
273:
28:
857:
3404:
3012:
2993:
2965:
2947:
2929:
2910:
2839:
2820:
2802:
Bielestein, Hans (1986), "Wang Mang, the restoration of the Han dynasty, and Later Han", in Twitchett, Denis C.; Fairbank, John King (eds.),
3662:
3366:
3159:
1518:
603:
2067:
Book 3: kỷ thuộc Tây Hán, kỷ Trưng Nữ Vương, kỷ thuộc Đông Hán, kỷ Sĩ Vương, book of History of Greater Vietnam (Đại Việt Sử Ký Toàn Thư)
3400:
3361:
3149:
1278:
1242:
623:
583:
997:
3410:
1131:
1111:
720:
1067:
2220:
1890:
3048:
1332:
1197:
3657:
3637:
3556:
466:
3373:
3244:
1585:. Later, Chinese historians writing of Ma Yuan's expedition referred to the Luo/Lạc as the "Luoyue" or simply as the "Yue". "
2938:
Li, Tana (2011), "Jiaozhi (Giao Chỉ) in the Han Period Tongking Gulf", in Cooke, Nola; Li, Tana; Anderson, James A. (eds.),
3334:
3265:
3189:
3096:
1087:
574:
3134:
2663:
1116:
817:
287:
3338:
3041:
1190:
1156:
1141:
1136:
1121:
807:
319:
1454:
46:
3420:
3283:
3111:
3073:
1739:
1564:
1532:
1497:
In the spring of 42 CE, the imperial army reached high ground at Lãng Bạc, in the Tiên Du mountains of what is now
1459:
660:
456:
1776:
1643:
3667:
3101:
1781:
2047:
1406:
533:
421:
3390:
3123:
3118:
3085:
1151:
1578:
3433:
3194:
2889:
1410:
3081:
1786:
411:
3632:
3199:
3139:
3091:
2920:
Lai, Mingchiu (2015), "The Zheng sisters", in Lee, Lily Xiao Hong; Stefanowska, A. D.; Wiles, Sue (eds.),
1573:
1479:
1047:
901:
292:
1543:
confiscated Luoyue drums and melted them together into a bronze horse to present to the Emperor of China.
1405:). Trưng Trắc (Zheng Ce)'s husband was Thi Sách (Shi Suo), was also the Lac lord of Chu Diên (modern-day
3383:
3351:
3271:
3258:
1939:
1924:
1905:
1865:
1540:
1483:
1258:
137:
760:
750:
496:
1718:
or "de-Sinifying effect", therefore the history of sinicization of the region should be reconsidered.
3533:
3445:
3288:
3204:
3144:
2859:
2580:
431:
297:
3106:
3493:
3428:
3324:
3022:
Yü, Ying-shih (1986), "Han foreign relations", in Twitchett, Denis C.; Fairbank, John King (eds.),
2902:
1547:
1398:
950:
680:
613:
2646:
1581:) County into Fengxi County and Wanghai County, seized the last domain of the last Lạc monarch of
770:
2860:"When Heroism is Not Enough: Three Women Warriors of Vietnam, Their Historians and World History"
2581:"When Heroism is Not Enough: Three Women Warriors of Vietnam, Their Historians and World History"
2141:
797:
788:
641:
524:
349:
328:
556:
36:
2813:
Ancient China and the Yue: Perceptions and Identities on the Southern Frontier, C.400 BCE-50 CE
1815:
Tower-ship General Duan Zhi, was also dispatched but died of illness before Han forces engaged
1234:
144:
3498:
3008:
2989:
2961:
2943:
2925:
2906:
2835:
2816:
1832:
1536:
1077:
839:
476:
369:
164:
2899:
The Imperial Network in Ancient China: The Foundation of Sinitic Empire in Southern East Asia
1379:
1238:
1057:
700:
154:
132:
3570:
3356:
2701:
1816:
1731:
1682:
1670:
1634:
1597:
1560:
1552:
1390:
1367:
1266:
1250:
1222:
1146:
890:
828:
506:
486:
174:
169:
81:
1502:
1287:
740:
3605:
3584:
3523:
1658:
1439:
1435:
1363:
1324:
85:
2026:
1839:
claims that he had been executed by Han grand-administrator Su Ding before the rebellion.
1771:
710:
670:
241:
3563:
3378:
1626:
1356:
1348:
1180:
1161:
940:
650:
179:
159:
149:
2922:
Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: Antiquity Through Sui, 1600 B.C.E. - 618 C.E
1438:, but soon spread to other Lac tribes and non-Han people from an area stretching from
546:
3621:
3591:
2832:
The People Between the Rivers: The Rise and Fall of a Bronze Drum Culture, 200–750 CE
2643:. Northern Illinois University, Center for Southeast Asian Studies. 1995. p. 35.
1954:
1712:
The People Between the Rivers: The Rise and Fall of a Bronze Drum Culture, 200–750 CE
1690:
1650:(whether Rome or not) embassy came from the South and entered the Han empire through
1300:
1282:
912:
866:
730:
690:
42:
2745:
1835:
mentions nothing about his whereabouts or activities during or after the rebellion.
1498:
3598:
3170:
1748:
1715:
1702:
1629:
in 1942. Legend: L(ucius) AEL(ius) AVREL(ius) COMMO(odus) AVG(ustus) P(ius) FEL(ix)
1618:
1429:
In March of 40 CE, Trưng Trắc and her younger sister Trưng Nhị (Zheng Er), led the
1383:
1037:
1027:
3024:
The Cambridge History of China: Volume 1, The Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 BC-AD 220
2804:
The Cambridge History of China: Volume 1, The Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 BC-AD 220
3627:
3503:
3317:
3251:
3165:
3064:
1666:
1662:
1638:
1556:
1375:
1328:
1254:
1226:
359:
115:
1633:
The Trung sisters' defeat in 43 CE also subsequently coincided with the end of
1582:
339:
3518:
3513:
3312:
2213:
1883:
1791:
1752:
1478:) responded rather slowly to the emerging situation. In May or June of 41 CE,
1418:
1360:
1296:
442:
390:
380:
77:
1417:
province at the time, is remembered by his cruelty and tyranny. According to
3473:
3440:
3307:
3277:
3238:
2130:"From Co-loa to the Trung Sisters' Revolt: VIET-NAM AS THE CHINESE FOUND IT"
1726:
1694:
1674:
1397:
ethnicity. Their father had been a Lac lord in Mê Linh district (modern-day
1371:
1352:
1292:
401:
1831:
claims that Trưng Trắc's husband also participated in the rebellion, while
3508:
3468:
3346:
3301:
3179:
1796:
1614:
1610:
1527:
Upper plate of an unfinished Dongson drum, circa 500 BCE–300 CE, used by
1463:
1394:
1336:
1262:
446:
195:
2746:"Rethinking the Status of Vietnamese Women in Folklore and Oral History"
2145:
2129:
1523:
3542:
3483:
3463:
2751:. University of Michigan Press. pp. 87–107 (21 pages as PDF file).
1686:
1678:
1622:
1506:
1475:
1467:
1458:
Han dynasty army represents as terracotta miniatures, from the site of
1414:
1316:
1246:
1017:
968:
89:
73:
3549:
3488:
3478:
3233:
3033:
2849:
Dutton, George Edson; Werner, Jayne Susan; Whitmore, John K. (2012).
1735:
1698:
1606:
1586:
1528:
1430:
1382:, with support from Chinese scholar-immigrants, conducted the first "
1344:
1340:
1320:
1308:
1230:
1007:
987:
120:
1673:, or the People between the Two Rivers, stretching from present-day
1486:
and Duan Zhi to suppress the rebellion. Ma Yuan was given the title
1434:
the replacement of traditional matrilineal customs. It began at the
1291:
A walled-Han house figure dated between 1st to 3rd century CE, from
1413:). Su Ding (governor of Jiaozhi 37–40 CE), the Chinese governor of
3174:
2986:
The Country of Memory: Remaking the Past in Late Socialist Vietnam
2942:, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press, pp. 39–53,
1725:
1651:
1647:
1602:
1596:
1546:
1522:
1453:
1443:
1402:
1304:
1286:
977:
1693:
speaking tribes, but some probably were ancestors of modern-day
3037:
2958:
Understanding World Societies, Combined Volume: A Brief History
245:
1734:
bronze dagger with modified handle likely represents a female
1593:
Demise of the Dong Son culture and the rise of Li-Lao culture
1221:
was an armed civil uprising in the southern provinces (today
1988:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1858:
1856:
1378:, while two Han governors of Jiaozhi Xi Guang (?-30 CE) and
1980:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1315:
One prominent group of ancient people in Northern Vietnam (
2270:
2268:
2157:
2155:
1665:
culture (200–750 CE) in the mountainous areas between the
3026:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 377–463
2806:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 223–290
1539:, in 43 CE after putting down the Trung sisters' revolt,
2566:
2418:
2416:
2331:
2329:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2048:"Đại Việt Sử Ký Toàn Thư (Complete History of Dai Viet)"
2027:"Đại Việt Sử Ký Toàn Thư (Complete History of Dai Viet)"
1366:, some Chinese immigrants arrived and settled along the
2243:
2241:
2877:
Dragons Entangled: Indochina and the China-Vietnam War
2886:
Việt Nam: a history from earliest time to the present
2316:
2314:
2172:
2170:
16:
Vietnamese rebellion against Chinese rule (40AD-43AD)
2613:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
3599:
Treatise on Cold Injury and Miscellaneous Disorders
3532:
3454:
3419:
3333:
3224:
3072:
1916:
1914:
1819:' forces; Ma Yuan took command of Duan Zhi's troops
1393:were daughters of a wealthy aristocratic family of
2977:The Mythology of all Races: Indo-Chinese Mythology
1343:in Chinese annals. The Luoyue were considered a
3571:Essential Prescriptions from the Golden Cabinet
1751:when Vietnamese society had become a Confucian
21:
1621:, located 1,000 miles south of Han-controlled
3295:Luxuriant Dew of the Spring and Autumn Annals
3049:
1198:
257:
210:40–50% of Han soldiers (mostly from epidemic)
8:
1955:Vol. 86 "Account of the Southern Barbarians"
227:• over 5,000 (both killed and surrendered);
3056:
3042:
3034:
2924:, Taylor & Francis, pp. 253–254,
2664:"State and Empire in Eurasia/North Africa"
1992:
1205:
1191:
313:
264:
250:
242:
18:
3578:The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art
2542:
2530:
2518:
2494:
2434:
2506:
2482:
2407:
2395:
2274:
2161:
1875:
1873:
2834:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
2470:
2458:
2446:
2422:
2359:
2335:
2305:
2286:
2259:
2112:
2100:
2088:
2076:
1852:
1808:
1657:The decline of Dong Son culture in the
1229:between 40 CE and 43 CE. In 40 CE, the
327:
316:
3185:Disasters of the Partisan Prohibitions
2601:
2554:
2383:
2371:
2347:
2247:
275:Southward expansion of the Han dynasty
29:southward expansion of the Han dynasty
2232:
2188:
2123:
2121:
1551:A Chinese bronze ewer with intricate
1531:chieftains to summon their warriors.
1295:, excavated by Swedish archaeologist
7:
3653:Military campaigns involving Vietnam
3160:Second Chinese domination of Vietnam
2625:
2614:Dutton, Werner & Whitmore (2012)
1519:Second Chinese domination of Vietnam
927:Provisional Revolutionary Government
538:
3401:Protectorate of the Western Regions
3150:First Chinese domination of Vietnam
2785:
2773:
2761:
2320:
2176:
1279:First Chinese domination of Vietnam
1261:to lead an army to strike down the
236:• several tens to hundreds executed
218:• several tens to hundreds killed;
3007:. University of California Press.
2988:. University of California Press.
2013:
14:
2940:The Tongking Gulf Through History
2720:"Bà Trưng quê ở châu Phong - web"
1705:. Meanwhile numerous independent
1625:(Northern Vietnam). Excavated by
1359:agriculture. According to French
3411:Translation of government titles
3215:
2200:Hou Hanshu, Vol. 86. text: "甚雄勇"
1474:The Han government (situated in
1174:
871:(Democratic Republic of Vietnam)
338:
178:
168:
158:
148:
35:
3557:Book on Numbers and Computation
2851:Sources of Vietnamese Tradition
2647:"TRUNG SISTERS © Chi D. Nguyen"
1470:province, circa 200 BCE–220 CE.
3648:Wars involving the Han dynasty
3374:Three Lords and Nine Ministers
3245:Records of the Grand Historian
2815:. Cambridge University Press.
1760:Giặc đến nhà, đàn bà cũng đánh
881:Provisional Central Government
1:
3643:Rebellions in the Han dynasty
3266:Records of the Three Kingdoms
3190:Way of the Five Pecks of Rice
3097:Rebellion of the Seven States
3003:Taylor, Keith Weller (1983).
2830:Churchman, Catherine (2016).
1940:vol. 22 "Account of Liu Long"
1559:period (2nd-3rd century CE),
1555:elephant-headed spout, later
2975:Scott, James George (1918).
2858:Gilbert, Marc Jason (2007).
2853:. Columbia University Press.
2579:Gilbert, Marc Jason (2007).
1925:vol. 24 "Account of Ma Yuan"
1906:vol. 24 "Account of Ma Yuan"
1866:vol. 24 "Account of Ma Yuan"
998:Cát Tiên archaeological site
50:wear anachronistic clothing.
1637:and Dong Son metallurgical
931:(Republic of South Vietnam)
64:42–43 CE (Han intervention)
3684:
3396:Provinces and commanderies
3284:Eight Immortals of Huainan
3112:War of the Heavenly Horses
2128:O'Harrow, Stephen (1979).
1740:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1565:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1533:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1516:
1276:
661:Anarchy of the 12 Warlords
45:' rebellion depicted in a
3213:
3102:Han dynasty in Inner Asia
2979:. University of Michigan.
1782:Copper columns of Ma Yuan
1370:during the usurpation of
283:
220:• over 20,000 surrendered
204:
186:
126:
109:
54:
34:
26:
3155:Trung sisters' rebellion
3119:Han conquest of Gojoseon
3086:Feast at Swan Goose Gate
2984:Tai, Hue-Tam Ho (2001).
2960:. Bedford/St. Martin's.
2897:Korolkov, Maxim (2021).
2875:Hood, Steven J. (2019).
2811:Brindley, Erica (2015).
1609:issued by Roman emperor
1374:(9–25 CE) and the early
1219:Trưng sisters' rebellion
594:Trung sisters' rebellion
22:Trung sisters' rebellion
3663:China–Vietnam relations
3434:Ancient Chinese coinage
3195:Yellow Turban Rebellion
2890:Oxford University Press
2879:. Taylor & Francis.
2864:World History Connected
2702:"Strayer textbook ch03"
2671:Fortthomas.kyschools.us
2585:World History Connected
1758:The Vietnamese proverb
1738:chief, 500 BCE-200 CE.
1661:led to the rise of the
1088:Principality of Hà Tiên
3658:Emperor Guangwu of Han
3638:1st-century rebellions
3456:Science and technology
3200:End of the Han dynasty
3140:Han conquest of Nanyue
1743:
1630:
1568:
1544:
1471:
1312:
969:Non-Vietnamese history
721:4th Chinese domination
624:3rd Chinese domination
604:2nd Chinese domination
584:1st Chinese domination
127:Commanders and leaders
3384:Three Ducal Ministers
3272:Flying Horse of Gansu
3259:Book of the Later Han
2884:Kiernan, Ben (2019).
1729:
1613:, circa 180 CE, from
1600:
1550:
1526:
1457:
1290:
917:(Republic of Vietnam)
834:1887–1945 / 1945–1954
822:1883–1945 / 1946–1948
812:1883–1945 / 1945–1948
802:1862–1945 / 1945–1949
214:Trưng sisters' forces
205:Casualties and losses
62:40–43 CE (rebellion)
47:Đông Hồ folk painting
3446:Sino-Roman relations
3289:Mawangdui Silk Texts
3205:Battle of Red Cliffs
3145:Han conquest of Dian
3005:The Birth of Vietnam
2903:Taylor & Francis
2690:Cartershistories.com
2533:, pp. 107, 113.
1908:quote: "軍吏經瘴疫死者十四五。"
902:North–South division
751:Later Lê Restoration
457:Phùng Nguyên culture
3325:Eastern Han Chinese
3226:Society and culture
3131:Southward expansion
3092:Lü Clan disturbance
2708:. 30 September 2014
2683:"Ways of the World"
2567:McKay et al. (2012)
1535:. According to the
1407:Khoái Châu District
1327:region) during the
1257:dispatched General
1243:Chinese authorities
1127:Historical capitals
1048:Nung-Zhuang kingdom
395:12,000 BC–10,000 BC
374:20,000 BC–12,000 BC
3543:Balanced Discourse
3082:Chu–Han Contention
2148:– via JSTOR.
2134:Asian Perspectives
1744:
1631:
1569:
1545:
1472:
1313:
1181:Vietnam portal
798:French Cochinchina
416:10,000 BC–8,000 BC
3615:
3614:
3124:Four Commanderies
3014:978-0-520-07417-0
2995:978-0-520-22267-0
2967:978-1-4576-2268-7
2949:978-0-812-20502-2
2931:978-1-317-47591-0
2912:978-1-00047-483-1
2841:978-1-442-25861-7
2822:978-1-10708-478-0
2744:Nguyˆen, Van Ky.
2437:, pp. 61–62.
2386:, pp. 42–43.
2210:Jiaozhou Waiyu Ji
2115:, pp. 76–77.
2103:, pp. 63–64.
2079:, pp. 41–42.
1993:Bielestein (1986)
1880:Jiaozhou Waiyu Ji
1829:Jiaozhou Waiyu Ji
1537:Book of Later Han
1450:Han counterattack
1411:Hưng Yên Province
1333:rule over Vietnam
1265:rebellion of the
1241:rebelled against
1215:
1214:
1096:
1095:
1078:Sip Song Chau Tai
959:
958:
932:
918:
872:
848:
847:
840:Empire of Vietnam
779:
778:
632:
631:
565:
564:
534:Hồng Bàng dynasty
515:
514:
501:(1,000 BC–200 AD)
491:(1,000 BC–100 AD)
471:1,500 BC–1,000 BC
461:2,000 BC–1,500 BC
436:4,000 BC–3,000 BC
426:8,000 BC–6,000 BC
422:Quỳnh Văn culture
311:
310:
240:
239:
229:• over 300 exiled
223:Đô Dương's forces
105:
104:
3675:
3219:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3035:
3027:
3018:
2999:
2980:
2971:
2952:
2934:
2916:
2893:
2880:
2871:
2854:
2845:
2826:
2807:
2789:
2783:
2777:
2771:
2765:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2687:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2668:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2644:
2635:
2629:
2623:
2617:
2611:
2605:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2576:
2570:
2564:
2558:
2552:
2546:
2540:
2534:
2528:
2522:
2516:
2510:
2504:
2498:
2492:
2486:
2480:
2474:
2468:
2462:
2456:
2450:
2444:
2438:
2432:
2426:
2420:
2411:
2405:
2399:
2393:
2387:
2381:
2375:
2369:
2363:
2357:
2351:
2345:
2339:
2333:
2324:
2318:
2309:
2303:
2290:
2284:
2278:
2272:
2263:
2257:
2251:
2245:
2236:
2230:
2224:
2223:. text: "側爲人有膽勇"
2207:
2201:
2198:
2192:
2186:
2180:
2174:
2165:
2159:
2150:
2149:
2125:
2116:
2110:
2104:
2098:
2092:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2023:
2017:
2011:
1996:
1990:
1957:
1948:
1942:
1933:
1927:
1918:
1909:
1899:
1893:
1877:
1868:
1860:
1840:
1826:
1820:
1813:
1683:Northern Vietnam
1635:Dong Son culture
1579:Phú Thọ province
1561:Northern Vietnam
1399:Mê Linh District
1251:northern Vietnam
1249:(in what is now
1223:Northern Vietnam
1207:
1200:
1193:
1179:
1178:
1177:
974:
973:
930:
916:
891:State of Vietnam
870:
863:
862:
829:French Indochina
794:
793:
731:Later Lê dynasty
691:Later Lý dynasty
681:Early Lê dynasty
647:
646:
614:Early Lý dynasty
580:
579:
540:
530:
529:
497:Sa Huỳnh culture
487:Dong Son culture
467:Đồng Đậu culture
355:
354:
342:
332:
314:
278:
276:
266:
259:
252:
243:
182:
172:
162:
152:
82:Northern Vietnam
56:
55:
39:
19:
3683:
3682:
3678:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3672:
3618:
3617:
3616:
3611:
3606:Zhoubi Suanjing
3585:Huangdi Neijing
3550:Book of Origins
3528:
3524:Zhang Zhongjing
3450:
3415:
3329:
3220:
3211:
3107:Han–Xiongnu War
3068:
3062:
3031:
3021:
3015:
3002:
2996:
2983:
2974:
2968:
2955:
2950:
2937:
2932:
2919:
2913:
2896:
2883:
2874:
2857:
2848:
2842:
2829:
2823:
2810:
2801:
2798:
2793:
2792:
2784:
2780:
2772:
2768:
2760:
2756:
2748:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2728:
2726:
2718:
2711:
2709:
2700:
2694:
2692:
2685:
2681:
2675:
2673:
2666:
2662:
2655:
2653:
2645:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2624:
2620:
2612:
2608:
2600:
2596:
2578:
2577:
2573:
2565:
2561:
2553:
2549:
2541:
2537:
2529:
2525:
2517:
2513:
2505:
2501:
2493:
2489:
2481:
2477:
2469:
2465:
2457:
2453:
2445:
2441:
2433:
2429:
2421:
2414:
2406:
2402:
2396:Brindley (2015)
2394:
2390:
2382:
2378:
2370:
2366:
2358:
2354:
2346:
2342:
2334:
2327:
2319:
2312:
2304:
2293:
2285:
2281:
2275:Brindley (2015)
2273:
2266:
2258:
2254:
2246:
2239:
2231:
2227:
2212:, as quoted in
2208:
2204:
2199:
2195:
2187:
2183:
2175:
2168:
2162:Brindley (2015)
2160:
2153:
2127:
2126:
2119:
2111:
2107:
2099:
2095:
2087:
2083:
2075:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2053:
2051:
2050:(in Vietnamese)
2046:
2045:
2041:
2032:
2030:
2029:(in Vietnamese)
2025:
2024:
2020:
2012:
1999:
1991:
1960:
1949:
1945:
1934:
1930:
1919:
1912:
1900:
1896:
1882:, as quoted in
1878:
1871:
1861:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1843:
1827:
1823:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1777:Phùng Thị Chính
1768:
1724:
1659:Red River Delta
1595:
1574:Emperor Guangwu
1521:
1515:
1480:Emperor Guangwu
1452:
1436:Red River Delta
1427:
1364:Georges Maspero
1335:was called the
1325:Red River Delta
1285:
1275:
1237:and her sister
1211:
1175:
1173:
1168:
1167:
1166:
1106:
1098:
1097:
971:
961:
960:
929:
915:
869:
860:
850:
849:
791:
781:
780:
761:Tây Sơn dynasty
644:
634:
633:
577:
567:
566:
527:
517:
516:
412:Bắc Sơn culture
352:
330:
323:
312:
307:
279:
274:
272:
270:
235:
232:Chu Bá's forces
230:
228:
226:
221:
219:
217:
193:
192:20,000 soldiers
173:
163:
153:
140:
136:
93:
86:Central Vietnam
63:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3681:
3679:
3671:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3620:
3619:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3609:
3602:
3595:
3588:
3581:
3574:
3567:
3560:
3553:
3546:
3538:
3536:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3460:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3437:
3436:
3425:
3423:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3408:
3405:Chief Official
3398:
3393:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3381:
3379:Nine Ministers
3371:
3370:
3369:
3364:
3354:
3349:
3343:
3341:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3322:
3321:
3320:
3310:
3305:
3298:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3274:
3269:
3262:
3255:
3248:
3241:
3236:
3230:
3228:
3222:
3221:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3168:
3163:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3135:Han–Minyue War
3128:
3127:
3126:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3078:
3076:
3070:
3069:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3038:
3029:
3028:
3019:
3013:
3000:
2994:
2981:
2972:
2966:
2953:
2948:
2935:
2930:
2917:
2911:
2894:
2881:
2872:
2855:
2846:
2840:
2827:
2821:
2808:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2788:, p. 159.
2778:
2766:
2754:
2736:
2706:slideshare.net
2630:
2618:
2606:
2604:, p. 334.
2594:
2571:
2569:, p. 134.
2559:
2547:
2545:, p. 204.
2543:Churchman 2016
2535:
2531:Churchman 2016
2523:
2519:Churchman 2016
2511:
2509:, p. 192.
2499:
2495:Churchman 2016
2487:
2475:
2471:Kiernan (2019)
2463:
2459:Kiernan (2019)
2451:
2447:Kiernan (2019)
2439:
2435:Churchman 2016
2427:
2423:Kiernan (2019)
2412:
2410:, p. 187.
2400:
2388:
2376:
2364:
2360:Kiernan (2019)
2352:
2340:
2336:Kiernan (2019)
2325:
2323:, p. 254.
2310:
2306:Kiernan (2019)
2291:
2287:Kiernan (2019)
2279:
2277:, p. 236.
2264:
2260:Kiernan (2019)
2252:
2237:
2235:, p. 313.
2225:
2202:
2193:
2191:, p. 312.
2181:
2179:, p. 253.
2166:
2164:, p. 235.
2151:
2117:
2113:Kiernan (2019)
2105:
2101:Kiernan (2019)
2093:
2089:Kiernan (2019)
2081:
2077:Kiernan (2019)
2069:
2060:
2039:
2018:
2016:, p. 454.
1997:
1995:, p. 271.
1958:
1943:
1928:
1910:
1894:
1869:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1821:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1767:
1764:
1723:
1720:
1627:Louis Malleret
1594:
1591:
1514:
1511:
1451:
1448:
1426:
1423:
1357:slash-and-burn
1349:matrilineality
1274:
1271:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1202:
1195:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1162:Indochina Wars
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1068:Jarai kingdoms
1064:
1063:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1004:
1003:
1000:
994:
993:
990:
984:
983:
980:
972:
967:
966:
963:
962:
957:
956:
953:
947:
946:
943:
941:Subsidy period
937:
936:
933:
923:
922:
919:
909:
908:
905:
897:
896:
893:
887:
886:
883:
877:
876:
873:
861:
856:
855:
852:
851:
846:
845:
842:
836:
835:
832:
824:
823:
820:
814:
813:
810:
804:
803:
800:
792:
787:
786:
783:
782:
777:
776:
773:
771:Nguyễn dynasty
767:
766:
763:
757:
756:
753:
747:
746:
743:
737:
736:
733:
727:
726:
723:
717:
716:
713:
707:
706:
703:
697:
696:
693:
687:
686:
683:
677:
676:
673:
667:
666:
663:
657:
656:
653:
645:
640:
639:
636:
635:
630:
629:
626:
620:
619:
616:
610:
609:
606:
600:
599:
596:
590:
589:
586:
578:
573:
572:
569:
568:
563:
562:
559:
553:
552:
549:
543:
542:
536:
528:
523:
522:
519:
518:
513:
512:
509:
503:
502:
499:
493:
492:
489:
483:
482:
479:
477:Gò Mun culture
473:
472:
469:
463:
462:
459:
453:
452:
450:
438:
437:
434:
432:Đa Bút culture
428:
427:
424:
418:
417:
414:
408:
407:
405:
397:
396:
393:
387:
386:
384:
376:
375:
372:
370:Sơn Vi culture
366:
365:
363:
353:
348:
347:
344:
343:
335:
334:
325:
324:
317:
309:
308:
306:
305:
300:
295:
290:
284:
281:
280:
271:
269:
268:
261:
254:
246:
238:
237:
211:
207:
206:
202:
201:
198:
189:
188:
184:
183:
142:
129:
128:
124:
123:
118:
112:
111:
107:
106:
103:
102:
99:
95:
94:
72:
70:
66:
65:
60:
52:
51:
32:
31:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3680:
3669:
3668:Trưng sisters
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3633:40s conflicts
3631:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3608:
3607:
3603:
3601:
3600:
3596:
3594:
3593:
3592:Shuowen Jiezi
3589:
3587:
3586:
3582:
3580:
3579:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3568:
3566:
3565:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3535:
3531:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3453:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3418:
3412:
3409:
3406:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3372:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3326:
3323:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3218:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3132:
3129:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3117:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3066:
3059:
3054:
3052:
3047:
3045:
3040:
3039:
3036:
3032:
3025:
3020:
3016:
3010:
3006:
3001:
2997:
2991:
2987:
2982:
2978:
2973:
2969:
2963:
2959:
2954:
2951:
2945:
2941:
2936:
2933:
2927:
2923:
2918:
2914:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2882:
2878:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2856:
2852:
2847:
2843:
2837:
2833:
2828:
2824:
2818:
2814:
2809:
2805:
2800:
2799:
2795:
2787:
2782:
2779:
2776:, p. 48.
2775:
2770:
2767:
2763:
2758:
2755:
2747:
2740:
2737:
2725:
2721:
2707:
2703:
2691:
2684:
2672:
2665:
2652:
2651:viettouch.com
2648:
2642:
2641:
2634:
2631:
2627:
2622:
2619:
2616:, p. 80.
2615:
2610:
2607:
2603:
2602:Taylor (1983)
2598:
2595:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2575:
2572:
2568:
2563:
2560:
2557:, p. 41.
2556:
2555:Taylor (1983)
2551:
2548:
2544:
2539:
2536:
2532:
2527:
2524:
2520:
2515:
2512:
2508:
2507:Korolkov 2021
2503:
2500:
2497:, p. 12.
2496:
2491:
2488:
2484:
2483:Korolkov 2021
2479:
2476:
2473:, p. 92.
2472:
2467:
2464:
2461:, p. 86.
2460:
2455:
2452:
2449:, p. 85.
2448:
2443:
2440:
2436:
2431:
2428:
2425:, p. 84.
2424:
2419:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2408:Korolkov 2021
2404:
2401:
2398:, p. 31.
2397:
2392:
2389:
2385:
2384:Taylor (1983)
2380:
2377:
2374:, p. 33.
2373:
2372:Taylor (1983)
2368:
2365:
2362:, p. 82.
2361:
2356:
2353:
2350:, p. 45.
2349:
2348:Taylor (1983)
2344:
2341:
2338:, p. 81.
2337:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2308:, p. 80.
2307:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2292:
2289:, p. 79.
2288:
2283:
2280:
2276:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2262:, p. 78.
2261:
2256:
2253:
2250:, p. 38.
2249:
2248:Taylor (1983)
2244:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2229:
2226:
2222:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2206:
2203:
2197:
2194:
2190:
2185:
2182:
2178:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2143:
2140:(2): 159–61.
2139:
2135:
2131:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2109:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2094:
2091:, p. 28.
2090:
2085:
2082:
2078:
2073:
2070:
2064:
2061:
2049:
2043:
2040:
2028:
2022:
2019:
2015:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1846:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1825:
1822:
1818:
1817:Trưng sisters
1812:
1809:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1765:
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1741:
1737:
1733:
1728:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1691:Austroasiatic
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1640:
1636:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1605:imitation of
1604:
1599:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1491:
1489:
1488:Fubo Jiangjun
1485:
1481:
1477:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1456:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1432:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1391:Trưng sisters
1387:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1301:Guimet Museum
1298:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1283:Trung sisters
1280:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1267:Trưng sisters
1264:
1260:
1256:
1253:). In 42 CE,
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1208:
1203:
1201:
1196:
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1021:
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1016:
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991:
989:
986:
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949:
948:
944:
942:
939:
938:
934:
928:
925:
924:
920:
914:
913:South Vietnam
911:
910:
906:
904:
903:
899:
898:
894:
892:
889:
888:
884:
882:
879:
878:
874:
868:
867:North Vietnam
865:
864:
859:
854:
853:
843:
841:
838:
837:
833:
831:
830:
826:
825:
821:
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818:French Tonkin
816:
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790:
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607:
605:
602:
601:
597:
595:
592:
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587:
585:
582:
581:
576:
571:
570:
561:204 BC–111 BC
560:
558:
557:Triệu dynasty
555:
554:
551:257 BC–179 BC
550:
548:
545:
544:
537:
535:
532:
531:
526:
521:
520:
510:
508:
507:Óc Eo culture
505:
504:
500:
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495:
494:
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346:
345:
341:
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321:
315:
304:
303:Trung sisters
301:
299:
296:
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291:
289:
286:
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282:
277:
267:
262:
260:
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253:
248:
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176:
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108:
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91:
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83:
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71:
68:
67:
61:
58:
57:
53:
48:
44:
43:Trung sisters
38:
33:
30:
25:
20:
3604:
3597:
3590:
3583:
3576:
3569:
3562:
3555:
3548:
3541:
3300:
3293:
3276:
3264:
3257:
3250:
3243:
3171:Red Eyebrows
3154:
3030:
3023:
3004:
2985:
2976:
2957:
2939:
2921:
2898:
2885:
2876:
2867:
2863:
2850:
2831:
2812:
2803:
2796:Bibliography
2781:
2769:
2764:, p. 1.
2757:
2739:
2727:. Retrieved
2723:
2710:. Retrieved
2705:
2693:. Retrieved
2689:
2674:. Retrieved
2670:
2654:. Retrieved
2650:
2639:
2633:
2628:, p. 7.
2621:
2609:
2597:
2588:
2584:
2574:
2562:
2550:
2538:
2526:
2521:, p. 9.
2514:
2502:
2490:
2485:, p. 8.
2478:
2466:
2454:
2442:
2430:
2403:
2391:
2379:
2367:
2355:
2343:
2282:
2255:
2233:Scott (1918)
2228:
2218:Shuijing zhu
2217:
2209:
2205:
2196:
2189:Scott (1918)
2184:
2137:
2133:
2108:
2096:
2084:
2072:
2063:
2052:. Retrieved
2042:
2031:. Retrieved
2021:
1950:
1946:
1935:
1931:
1920:
1901:
1897:
1888:Shuijing zhu
1887:
1879:
1862:
1828:
1824:
1811:
1787:Bùi Thị Xuân
1759:
1757:
1749:medieval era
1745:
1716:sinicization
1711:
1706:
1703:Tang dynasty
1656:
1632:
1619:Mekong Delta
1570:
1496:
1492:
1487:
1473:
1428:
1388:
1384:sinicization
1314:
1218:
1216:
1038:Dali Kingdom
1028:Khmer Empire
955:1986–present
900:
827:
808:French Annam
701:Trần dynasty
671:Đinh dynasty
593:
588:111 BC–40 AD
547:Thục dynasty
481:1,000–800 BC
441:
400:
379:
358:
302:
231:
222:
213:
110:Belligerents
27:Part of the
3504:Luoxia Hong
3367:Family tree
3252:Book of Han
3166:Xin dynasty
3065:Han dynasty
2724:viethoc.com
2626:Hood (2019)
1663:Li Lao drum
1644:Jin dynasty
1376:Eastern Han
1329:Han dynasty
1132:Immigration
1112:Agriculture
741:Mạc dynasty
651:Ngô dynasty
360:Paleolithic
350:Prehistoric
329:History of
196:tower-ships
135:(Governor)
116:Han dynasty
101:Han victory
88:, Southern
3622:Categories
3519:Zhang Heng
3514:Wang Chong
3335:Government
3313:Han poetry
2786:Tai (2001)
2774:Tai (2001)
2762:Tai (2001)
2695:2016-06-17
2676:2016-06-17
2640:Crossroads
2321:Lai (2015)
2214:Li Daoyuan
2177:Lai (2015)
2054:2024-02-16
2033:2024-02-16
1951:Hou Hanshu
1936:Hou Hanshu
1921:Hou Hanshu
1902:Hou Hanshu
1884:Li Daoyuan
1863:Hou Hanshu
1792:Matriarchy
1772:Lady Triệu
1753:patriarchy
1722:Perception
1553:Dongsonian
1517:See also:
1460:Yangjiawan
1419:Hou Hanshu
1361:sinologist
1297:Olov Janse
1277:See also:
1273:Background
1235:Trưng Trắc
711:Hồ dynasty
511:(1–630 AD)
391:Hoabinhian
381:Mesolithic
145:Trưng Trắc
78:Han Empire
76:province,
3494:Liu Xiang
3474:Ding Huan
3441:Silk Road
3308:Old Texts
3278:Huainanzi
3239:Sima Qian
2014:Yü (1986)
1695:Li people
1675:Guangdong
1671:Red River
1513:Aftermath
1372:Wang Mang
1368:Red River
1353:tattooing
1351:, facial
1299:in 1934.
1293:Thanh Hoa
1255:Han China
1239:Trưng Nhị
1227:Han China
1117:Dynasties
1092:1707–1832
1082:1600–1954
1072:1100–1904
1062:1061–1432
1058:Ngưu Hống
1052:1042–1052
945:1975–1986
935:1969–1976
921:1955–1975
907:1954–1976
895:1949–1955
885:1948–1949
875:1945–1976
775:1802–1945
765:1778–1802
755:1533–1789
745:1527–1592
735:1428–1527
725:1407–1427
715:1400–1407
705:1225–1400
695:1009–1225
575:Dominated
447:Iron Ages
402:Neolithic
155:Trưng Nhị
3509:Sima Tan
3469:Cai Yong
3347:Ban Chao
3339:military
3302:Yiwu Zhi
3180:Chengjia
2146:42928006
1847:Citation
1797:Feminism
1766:See also
1669:and the
1611:Commodus
1603:Funanese
1601:A local
1503:Tản Viên
1499:Bắc Ninh
1464:Xianyang
1431:Lac Viet
1337:Lac Viet
1142:Monarchs
1137:Military
1105:By topic
1042:937–1253
1032:802–1431
992:192–1832
858:Republic
789:Colonial
685:980–1009
642:Dynastic
320:a series
318:Part of
187:Strength
165:Đô Dương
141:Liu Long
121:Lac Viet
69:Location
3564:Fangyan
3499:Liu Xin
3484:Hua Tuo
3464:Cai Lun
3429:Coinage
3421:Economy
3357:Emperor
3352:Ma Yuan
3074:History
2729:17 June
2712:17 June
2656:17 June
2221:vol. 37
1891:vol. 37
1732:Dongson
1687:Kra-Dai
1679:Guangxi
1623:Jiaozhi
1541:Ma Yuan
1507:Luoyang
1484:Ma Yuan
1476:Luoyang
1468:Shaanxi
1415:Jiaozhi
1380:Ren Yan
1339:or the
1317:Jiaozhi
1259:Ma Yuan
1247:Jiaozhi
1233:leader
1122:Economy
1022:738–902
1018:Nanzhao
1012:550–781
1002:300–800
951:Đổi Mới
675:968–980
665:965–968
655:939–965
628:602–938
618:544–602
541:–258 BC
539:2879 BC
525:Ancient
331:Vietnam
200:unknown
138:Ma Yuan
133:Su Ding
90:Guangxi
80:(today
74:Jiaozhi
3489:Liu An
3479:Du Shi
3234:Ban Gu
3067:topics
3011:
2992:
2964:
2946:
2928:
2909:
2838:
2819:
2144:
1837:ĐVSKTT
1736:Luoyue
1699:Hainan
1607:aureus
1583:Cổ Loa
1529:Luoyue
1425:Revolt
1355:, and
1345:Baiyue
1341:Luòyuè
1321:Tonkin
1309:France
1263:Luoyue
1231:Luoyue
1008:Chenla
988:Champa
982:68–627
608:43–544
443:Bronze
322:on the
293:Nanyue
288:Minyue
194:2,000
177:
175:Chu Bá
167:
157:
147:
98:Result
3534:Texts
3391:Kings
3175:Lulin
2749:(PDF)
2686:(PDF)
2667:(PDF)
2142:JSTOR
1803:Notes
1681:, to
1667:Pearl
1652:Rinan
1648:Daqin
1615:Óc Eo
1444:Rinan
1403:Hanoi
1305:Paris
1225:) of
1157:Women
1152:Naval
1147:Names
978:Funan
598:40–43
3362:list
3337:and
3173:and
3009:ISBN
2990:ISBN
2962:ISBN
2944:ISBN
2926:ISBN
2907:ISBN
2870:(3).
2836:ISBN
2817:ISBN
2731:2016
2714:2016
2658:2016
2591:(3).
1707:Dong
1689:and
1639:drum
1440:Hepu
1389:The
1281:and
1217:The
844:1945
445:and
298:Dian
59:Date
41:The
2216:'s
1886:'s
1833:HHS
1697:in
1587:Yue
1557:Han
1442:to
1395:Lac
1331:'s
1245:in
3628:43
3624::
3318:Fu
2905:.
2901:.
2888:.
2866:.
2862:.
2722:.
2704:.
2688:.
2669:.
2649:.
2587:.
2583:.
2415:^
2328:^
2313:^
2294:^
2267:^
2240:^
2169:^
2154:^
2138:22
2136:.
2132:.
2120:^
2000:^
1961:^
1953:,
1938:,
1923:,
1913:^
1904:,
1872:^
1855:^
1730:A
1677:,
1617:,
1563:.
1466:,
1462:,
1409:,
1401:,
1323:,
1319:,
1307:,
1303:,
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225::
216::
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3403:(
3162:)
3133:(
3088:)
3084:(
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3043:v
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2998:.
2970:.
2915:.
2892:.
2868:4
2844:.
2825:.
2733:.
2716:.
2698:.
2679:.
2660:.
2589:4
2057:.
2036:.
1742:.
1567:.
1311:.
1206:e
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265:e
258:t
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92:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
