192:, a shoelace being undone, fear of clothes being damaged, needing to go to the lavatory, checking the time, wanting to discuss or clarify rules during a fight or game, or one combatant wanting to remove their spectacles or jacket before continuing. It does not mean to surrender, although it may sometimes be used in preparation to surrendering. Truce terms are only used within a specific age group, have little currency outside that group, and are by and large abandoned by the age of 10 or 11 years. However, research into early recorded use of these terms found examples of some of these terms being used as a sign of surrender in battle or adult fights or quarrels as early as the 18th century.
31:
352:
938:. The authors concluded that either the Opies had grossly oversimplified the picture or things had radically changed in 30 years (some seven to eight generations of primary school children). They also noted that although some schools reported a marked preference for a particular term, all schools reported at least some children using different terms.
1513:
1549:
The 1988 Croydon study found a variety of gestures in common use. These were crossed fingers of one hand (44%), crossed fingers of both hands (26%), thumbs through fingers (6%) (boys only) and arms crossed across the chest (2%). Other gestures, reported in ones and twos, included miming an injection
160:
and one for which there was no adult equivalent. There has been little recent research in the UK, but such research as exists indicates that truce terms, including some of those prevalent in the late 1950s, are still in general use. Studies conducted since the 1970s in
English speaking cultures show
1368:. The authors also reported that these terms were popular over many areas of the US and in American schools abroad. To be functional a truce term must be understood and honoured by most of the children playing together.
1376:
and apparently came into the language with the popularization of organized or timed sports and with the advent of such sports in elementary schools and on television. Historically the earliest reports for the use of
1272:
probably refers to the use of crossed fingers, an important part of the demand for a truce, rather than deriving from "excuse" as originally thought. However, the Knapps state that although the Opies do not record
1565:. The time-out gesture is made with two hands – one hand held horizontally, palm down, the other hand vertically with the fingertips touching the bottom of the horizontal hand. In the US, although the more modern
235:. In some places, more than one term was current and often four or five were known, although usually only one term predominated. Schools bordering two linguistic regions honoured both. The words used in
1536:
the hand was held up with three fingers extended. In some parts of
Scotland the custom was to put up one's thumbs, sometimes licking them first. This also occurred in a few places in
1561:
The holding up of one hand with middle and index fingers crossed was the usual gesture found in New
Zealand in 1999–2001. The T-shape was also used when saying
1104:. The Bauers thought the most likely hypothesis for the use of this rather upper class term from the UK, was that it derived from books and stories about UK
239:
areas were often at odds with words used in the surrounding countryside. The Opies recorded around 45 truce terms plus variations. The most widely used were
1048:
Laurie and
Winifred Bauer on traditional forms of play included truce terms. The terms they described in their study were regional and the most common were
227:
The Opies conducted a study of the use of truce terms throughout
England, Scotland and Wales in the 1950s and published their results in a book called
728:
was found by the Opies to be the prevailing term in western
Scotland and in a strip running through north-west England in an otherwise predominantly
1205:
2130:
2145:
1898:
1853:
1829:
1805:
1770:
156:, which mapped the use of truce terms across England, Wales and Scotland. The Opies considered it the most important word in a schoolchild's
210:
as being particularly rich in regional variation insofar as it is not based on official or television culture. They are an example of the
484:
meaning "to make excuses, hang back or back out of battle". He also proposes that this use of the term throws light on line 529 of the
535:, are surviving examples of this on the borders of the Danelaw to the north of London. Other truce terms prevail within the Danelaw.
2078:
1941:
1695:
1569:
has largely supplanted traditional terms, often accompanied by the time-out gesture, the crossed fingers gesture remains common.
385:
The "Thoume" (thumb) that is "sklyss" (sliced) in the quote above may refer to the thumb having been raised by the man calling
315:
1191:
In a study undertaken by historians Mary and
Herbert Knapp in the 1970s, informants remembering terms from the 1930s reported
958:
1524:. Sometimes crossing the fingers of both hands was required and occasionally the feet as well. The Opies found one area,
547:
recorded much the same in the nineteenth century. The earliest recorded instance the Opies found was in
Sternberg's 1851
2029:
1588:
211:
1500:. "Lu !" is -- or was -- a common truce term in Châteauroux, central France, in the fifties and sixties. the word
2140:
2064:
798:
for 'peace'), was a group dialect word rather than a regional one as it was predominantly used in private schools and
511:
became, from at least the 11th century onwards, characterised by a pronunciation known as
Southern Voicing, such as
2070:
340:
as a term specifically used by children to demand truce. A probable variation also appears in the 1568 manuscript
2125:
1975:
1100:, probably from being shouted out at length, and then further mutated by virtue of broad New Zealand accents to
130:
Traditionally these terms are specific to certain geographical areas, although some may be used by a particular
543:
504:
is "pretend, feign, turn a blind eye to", which is what the more powerful child does whilst granting respite.
1385:
as a truce term were 1935 and 1936. However, only a small number of respondents reported anything other than
188:
Truce terms are recorded as having been used in the following circumstances; being out of breath, having a
142:). To be functional a truce term must be understood and honoured by most of the children playing together.
1931:
1414:
1333:
564:
420:
1914:
176:
of one or both hands or the raising of thumbs. In the US a T-shape made with both hands (representing
1797:
1791:
978:
908:
is a term not recorded by the Opies at all and there was some evidence that it derived from the word
169:
and the United States with a number of terms deriving from older terms used in the UK, but many not.
2021:
1583:
1578:
345:
196:
149:
805:
Many individual cities, towns and rural districts had their own words, not used elsewhere such as
53:
accepted within a community of children as an effective way of calling for a temporary respite or
2135:
2046:
1640:
1105:
1623:
Knapp H and Knapp M (April–June 1973), "Tradition and Change in
American Playground Language",
30:
2074:
1937:
1894:
1849:
1825:
1801:
1766:
1691:
1230:
998:
453:
351:
559:
area, sometimes as an alternative and sometimes as indicating readiness to restart the game.
2038:
1632:
1551:
1533:
1373:
569:
489:
485:
470:
286:
278:
200:
120:
103:
62:
1521:
986:
916:
was known more than it was used and was reported by one teacher to be "totally lacking in
880:, Surrey in 1988 found the use of truce terms much less uniform. Croydon is firmly in the
860:(with crossed fingers of one hand) was used in parts of East London in the 1950s, whereas
715:
693:
633:
424:
320:
231:. They found truce terms varied according to geographical location, with the exception of
173:
139:
34:
1120:, originally from South Africa though unknown to the Opies save for a very small area of
1933:
The Lore of the Playground: One hundred years of children's games, rhymes and traditions
2120:
1017:
942:
711:
203:
145:
The most extensive study of the use and incidence of these terms is that undertaken by
123:-speaking cultures besides the US. Examples of use of truce terms are if a child has a
2114:
2050:
1631:(340), University of Illinois Press on behalf of American Folklore Society: 131–141,
1593:
333:
330:
282:
1141:
1045:
930:
924:
was no longer a group word as reported by the Opies. Other terms reported included
873:
799:
597:
325:
166:
131:
1096:. Apparently unrecorded before World War II this appears to have first changed to
1309:
settling in the same areas of the US—the terms were then combined and shortened.
2042:
1234:
1041:
977:(Devon), are used in Australia. In Australia the terms are used regionally with
917:
747:
629:
189:
162:
124:
94:
37:
are a common gesture accompanying truce terms in the UK, New Zealand and the US.
1993:
107:
have, from the 1950s onwards, largely supplanted earlier common terms based on
1978:[RESULTS IN IRISH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY] (in Interlingue). Archived from
1537:
1525:
1140:
were recorded as having been described by a South African boy as prevalent in
1069:
613:
478:
236:
180:) has become prevalent and this gesture is also appearing in other countries.
157:
146:
58:
1555:
1322:
1268:
cites the Opies as a source for the derivation of the terms and states that
1145:
1076:, recorded in New Zealand before 1920, which the authors state derives from
876:
in 1974 confirmed the Opies' findings. However, a later study undertaken in
743:
621:
416:
1389:
and its derivatives in use during the 1960s. The few alternatives included
17:
574:, which appeared in 1604. The term is used in the play to halt a quarrel.
500:; in other words, declined). Another translation of the Anglo-Norman word
277:
was recorded by the Opies as the prevailing term in east Scotland and the
1326:
785:
407:) predominated in London and throughout southern England, apart from the
1846:
The symmetrical family: a study of work and leisure in the London region
1348:
to be by far the most prevalent terms in the 1970s. Variations included
389:, a common accompanying gesture to the use of a truce term in Scotland.
1497:
1337:
1144:, and were thought by a South African linguist to have derived from an
1085:
1013:
888:
was only the third most commonly used term. The most common terms were
877:
719:
697:
663:
659:
508:
1979:
1957:
1644:
1313:, once popular in the US, might be accounted for in a similar manner.
1763:
A Companion to Medieval English Literature and Culture, C.1350-c.1500
1713:
Beckwith I, Shirley R. (1975), "Truce Terms: a Lincolnshire Survey",
1529:
1469:
1244:
Scholarly speculation in the late nineteenth century postulated that
751:
609:
172:
The use of a truce term is usually accompanied by a gesture, such as
50:
1540:. Anecdotally, the raising of a thumb may also accompany the use of
1512:
1636:
1520:
The Opies found that in England and Wales children usually held up
1737:
Roud. K. & S. (1989), "Truce Terms in Croydon, Surrey, 1988",
1511:
1493:
795:
681:
350:
54:
29:
1893:. Edinburgh: Polygon at Edinburgh University Press. August 1999.
1554:
with the hands, three fingers held up and the "Vulcan" sign from
1171:, are not listed by the Opies although they speculated that both
1016:, "pax" is a common truce term, sometimes corrupted to "tax." In
1532:, children could raise their right hand palm forward, whilst in
1318:
46:
949:
as a truce term in Fife, south west and west central Scotland.
1151:
Many of the common truce terms recorded by the Bauers such as
1558:. Virtually all schools reported the use of crossed fingers.
1203:
before the 1930s is well-recorded. The 1985 edition of the
1132:
is also UK public school slang though not as a truce term.
1516:
In Scotland and France children hold up one or both thumbs
1460:
are often accompanied by the traditional crossed fingers.
1237:. The earliest recorded use cited in the dictionary is of
945:
Language Dictionary published in 1999, records the use of
355:
Mediaeval illumination of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
864:
was a truce term of the same period in parts of Surrey.
541:
was recorded by the Opies as common in eastern England.
1444:
appears to have been influenced by older forms such as
289:
and in Wales, apart from the south east of Wales where
718:, another term first recorded in a nineteenth-century
2102:. London, Edinburgh, Paris: Larousse Bilingues. 1993.
1690:, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 141–153,
1796:, vol. III, Harvard University Press, pp.
127:
or wants to raise a point on the rules of the game.
101:in Australia. In the United States, terms based on
1356:. Very few children reported the more traditional
161:that truce terms are also prevalent in Australia,
1372:clearly derives from the use of intermissions in
1084:as described by the Opies, itself dating back to
313:as a truce term appears in the 14th century poem
1958:"English–Irish Dictionary (de Bhaldraithe): Pax"
1824:(2nd ed.), Oxford: Blackwell, p. 126,
338:Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language
138:in the UK (used primarily by children attending
2066:Northern English: A Cultural and Social History
592:were found in a broad band across England from
2100:Larousse; Grand Dictionnaire, Francais-Anglais
1528:, where sitting cross-legged was required. At
293:prevailed. There were many variations such as
1994:"'méaram' — Corpas na Gaeilge Comhaimseartha"
1919:, Australian National Dictionary Centre, 1997
496:" (the lords orders cannot be treated with a
8:
1541:
1487:
1473:
1040:A study undertaken between 1999 and 2001 in
465:appeared in an 1889 dictionary of slang and
27:Temporary respite during a game or activity
1866:
1864:
1550:into the arm, licking the thumb, making a
473:, the term derives from the medieval term
1504:is also popular with children in Israel.
199:, including truce terms, is described by
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
1790:Gomes Cassidy F, Houston Hall J (1985),
461:was in common use by London schoolboys.
370:For frae his Thoume they dang a Sklyss,
362:Thocht he was wicht, he was nocht wyss,
1793:Dictionary of American Regional English
1785:
1783:
1781:
1688:The Lore and Language of Schoolchildren
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1266:Dictionary of American Regional English
1206:Dictionary of American Regional English
229:The Lore and Language of Schoolchildren
214:which is transmitted by word of mouth.
154:The Lore and Language of Schoolchildren
1732:
1730:
1728:
1708:
1706:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1891:The Concise Scots Language Dictionary
1317:has been recorded as a truce term in
959:National Australian Dictionary Centre
7:
1765:, WileyBlackwell, pp. 145–146,
1756:
1754:
1752:
1088:times. The most widespread term was
969:(Aberdeen and a few English towns),
965:(Scotland and the west of England),
884:area on the Opies' map, but in 1988
648:in Essex and Suffolk. The Opies saw
61:or its variants. Common examples in
1976:"TORTHAÍ IN FOCLÓIR GAEILGE—BÉARLA"
1871:Woodward FC (1889), "Kings Cruse",
492:that "lordes heestes mowe nat been
57:during a game or activity, such as
1277:as such in the UK, they do record
957:According to researchers from the
469:in 1891. According to philologist
25:
1478:as the equivalent of the English
1421:had, since the 1950s, supplanted
666:, was thought to be a variant of
2020:Bauer L, Bauer W (May 1, 2007),
1930:Roud, Steve (October 31, 2010).
1625:The Journal of American Folklore
1425:as the most popular truce term.
754:. Other Hampshire variants were
316:Sir Gawayne and the Grene Knight
1686:Opie, Iona & Peter (1959),
1452:. There was also one report of
1241:in 1778 during an adult fight.
692:was used the other side of the
419:, and extended north as far as
1209:records the historical use of
1072:schools the dominant term was
684:in an otherwise predominantly
544:The English Dialect Dictionary
365:With sic Jangleurs to jummill;
152:in the UK in their 1959 book,
1:
2131:Language varieties and styles
1486:. The literal translation of
477:, descended in turn from the
2030:Journal of Folklore Research
1844:Young M, Willmott P (1973),
1417:). The Knapps reported that
507:Spoken English south of the
212:subculture of young children
2043:10.2979/JFR.2007.44.2-3.185
1456:. Similarly derivatives of
555:is recorded as used in the
549:Dialect of Northamptonshire
285:, north-west England, west
119:has been recorded in other
2162:
2071:Cambridge University Press
1301:derived from the users of
1064:(Nelson Marlborough), and
636:. There are some areas of
344:, sometimes attributed to
2146:Children's street culture
1946:– via Google Books.
1848:, Routledge, p. 17,
1589:Children's street culture
1264:as a shortened form. The
1108:. Similarly they thought
342:Chrysts-Kirk of the Grene
2069:(Illustrated ed.),
2022:"Playing with Tradition"
652:as a transitional word.
1409:with one small area of
961:there is evidence that
115:. Since the late 1980s
85:in the United Kingdom,
1542:
1517:
1488:
1474:
1472:children use the word
1233:, the Gulf States and
1229:, chiefly west of the
1068:(Otago-Southland). In
872:A study undertaken in
632:and both sides of the
457:reported in 1870 that
427:. Variations included
356:
38:
1873:Modern Language Notes
1515:
1297:. They conclude that
1032:, "finger") is used.
742:covered an area from
354:
33:
1332:The Knapps study in
329:. It is recorded in
1998:GrĂşpa taighde Gaois
1822:Dialects of England
1820:Trudgill P (1999),
1584:Olly olly oxen free
1579:Iona and Peter Opie
856:Certainly the term
346:James I of Scotland
208:Dialects of England
150:Iona and Peter Opie
2141:Cultural geography
1518:
997:and the people of
987:New South Welshmen
918:street credibility
357:
195:The vocabulary of
39:
1900:978-1-902930-01-5
1855:978-0-7100-7627-4
1831:978-0-631-21815-9
1807:978-0-674-20519-2
1772:978-0-631-21973-6
1482:and the American
1231:Mississippi River
999:Western Australia
868:Post-Opie studies
572:, Part One (II,i)
454:Notes and Queries
16:(Redirected from
2153:
2126:Sociolinguistics
2104:
2103:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2063:Wales K (2006),
2060:
2054:
2053:
2037:(2–3): 185–203,
2026:
2017:
2002:
2001:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1962:www.teanglann.ie
1954:
1948:
1947:
1936:. Random House.
1927:
1921:
1920:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1868:
1859:
1858:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1787:
1776:
1775:
1761:Brown P (2006),
1758:
1747:
1746:
1739:Talking Folklore
1734:
1723:
1722:
1710:
1701:
1700:
1683:
1648:
1647:
1620:
1545:
1534:Bradford-on-Avon
1491:
1477:
1450:I've got kings X
1366:I've got kings X
1179:may derive from
710:predominated in
570:The Honest Whore
471:J. R. R. Tolkien
373:Quhyle he cry'd
197:children's games
97:and variants of
63:English speaking
21:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2150:
2111:
2110:
2107:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2073:, p. 156,
2062:
2061:
2057:
2024:
2019:
2018:
2005:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1956:
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1924:
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1884:
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1856:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1832:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1808:
1789:
1788:
1779:
1773:
1760:
1759:
1750:
1736:
1735:
1726:
1715:Local Historian
1712:
1711:
1704:
1698:
1685:
1684:
1651:
1622:
1621:
1606:
1602:
1575:
1522:crossed fingers
1510:
1466:
1189:
1116:, possibly via
1092:, derived from
1038:
1010:
955:
870:
694:Bristol channel
680:were common in
634:Bristol Channel
425:Buckinghamshire
321:Tobias Smollett
225:
220:
186:
174:crossed fingers
140:private schools
35:Crossed fingers
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2159:
2157:
2149:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2113:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2091:
2079:
2055:
2003:
1985:
1982:on 2022-10-10.
1967:
1949:
1942:
1922:
1906:
1899:
1882:
1860:
1854:
1836:
1830:
1812:
1806:
1777:
1771:
1748:
1724:
1702:
1696:
1649:
1637:10.2307/539746
1603:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1574:
1571:
1509:
1506:
1465:
1462:
1438:I've got times
1350:I've got times
1252:, rendered as
1188:
1185:
1124:possibly from
1106:public schools
1052:(widespread),
1046:lexicographers
1037:
1034:
1028:(perhaps from
1009:
1006:
973:(Swansea) and
954:
951:
869:
866:
800:school stories
712:Northumberland
676:and sometimes
658:, used around
527:, variants of
383:
382:
381:
380:
379:
378:
368:
367:
366:
348:, as follows;
224:
221:
219:
218:United Kingdom
216:
204:Peter Trudgill
185:
182:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2158:
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2119:
2118:
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2109:
2101:
2095:
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2082:
2080:0-521-86107-1
2076:
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2056:
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2044:
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2016:
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2012:
2010:
2008:
2004:
1999:
1995:
1989:
1986:
1981:
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1971:
1968:
1963:
1959:
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1943:9781407089324
1939:
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1697:0-940322-69-2
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1594:Folkloristics
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1485:
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1463:
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1334:Monroe County
1330:
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1296:
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1248:derived from
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1199:. The use of
1198:
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1187:United States
1186:
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1174:
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1158:
1154:
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1112:derived from
1111:
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1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
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1033:
1031:
1027:
1024:("peace") or
1023:
1019:
1015:
1007:
1005:
1004:
1000:
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988:
984:
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976:
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631:
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623:
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611:
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599:
595:
591:
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583:
579:
575:
573:
571:
566:
565:Thomas Dekker
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
545:
540:
536:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
515:for frog, or
514:
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468:
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347:
343:
339:
335:
334:John Jamieson
332:
331:lexicographer
328:
327:
322:
318:
317:
312:
309:. The use of
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
283:Lake District
280:
276:
272:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
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222:
217:
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201:sociolinguist
198:
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159:
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143:
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118:
114:
110:
106:
105:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
65:cultures are
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
36:
32:
19:
2108:
2099:
2094:
2084:, retrieved
2065:
2058:
2034:
2028:
1997:
1988:
1980:the original
1970:
1961:
1952:
1932:
1925:
1915:
1909:
1890:
1885:
1876:
1872:
1845:
1839:
1821:
1815:
1792:
1762:
1742:
1738:
1718:
1714:
1687:
1628:
1624:
1566:
1562:
1560:
1548:
1519:
1501:
1483:
1479:
1467:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1440:rather than
1437:
1433:
1432:rather than
1429:
1427:
1422:
1418:
1415:Mount Vernon
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:timed sports
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
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1341:
1331:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1258:kings excuse
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1243:
1238:
1226:
1223:kings excuse
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1190:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1150:
1142:South Africa
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1065:
1061:
1060:(Auckland),
1057:
1056:(Taranaki),
1053:
1049:
1039:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1011:
1002:
994:
990:
982:
974:
970:
966:
962:
956:
946:
941:The Concise
940:
935:
929:
925:
921:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
874:Lincolnshire
871:
861:
857:
855:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
804:
791:
790:
784:was used in
781:
780:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
739:
735:
734:
729:
725:
724:
722:dictionary.
707:
703:
702:
689:
685:
677:
673:
672:
667:
655:
654:
649:
645:
641:
637:
625:
617:
605:
601:
598:Lincolnshire
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
576:
568:
563:is found in
560:
556:
552:
548:
542:
538:
537:
532:
528:
524:
520:
519:for summer.
516:
512:
506:
501:
497:
493:
486:Clerk's Tale
481:
474:
466:
462:
458:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
391:
387:barlafummill
386:
384:
375:Barlafummill
374:
341:
337:
326:The Reprisal
324:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
274:
273:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
232:
228:
226:
207:
194:
187:
177:
171:
167:South Africa
153:
144:
135:
132:social group
129:
116:
112:
108:
102:
98:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
42:
40:
1546:in France.
1442:I call time
1428:The use of
1311:Kings cruse
1260:, becoming
1254:kings cruse
1250:kings truce
1239:kings cruse
1235:Ohio Valley
1219:kings cruse
1042:New Zealand
1036:New Zealand
1020:, the word
931:force field
748:West Sussex
630:South Wales
612:through to
561:Kings truce
299:barley-bees
163:New Zealand
147:folklorists
95:New Zealand
18:Truce terms
2115:Categories
2086:2009-05-02
1721:(8): 441–4
1600:References
1538:Lancashire
1526:Headington
1086:Chaucerian
1070:Wellington
979:Victorians
902:cross keys
900:(20%) and
862:vainlights
858:fainlights
614:Gloucester
482:se feindre
479:Old French
445:vainlights
295:barley-bay
223:Opie study
158:vocabulary
43:truce term
2136:Childhood
2051:144525350
1556:Star Trek
1403:home-base
1323:Wisconsin
1256:and then
1215:kings sax
1146:Afrikaans
953:Australia
910:injection
744:Hampshire
642:screwsies
622:Berkshire
449:vainyards
417:Hampshire
49:or short
1879:: 121–22
1573:See also
1567:time-out
1563:time-out
1508:Gestures
1484:time-out
1458:time-out
1434:time-out
1423:kings ex
1419:time-out
1387:time-out
1379:time-out
1370:Time-out
1342:time-out
1340:, found
1327:Virginia
1211:kings ex
1022:sĂocháin
1003:barlies.
914:Fainites
898:fainites
886:fainites
882:fainites
815:croggies
786:Guernsey
686:fainites
529:fainites
521:Vainites
441:faylines
437:fainsies
415:of east
401:vainites
393:Fainites
336:'s 1808
287:Midlands
245:fainites
178:time-out
134:such as
117:time-out
104:time-out
71:fainites
1916:Ozwords
1745:: 15–20
1552:T-shape
1498:big toe
1454:times X
1338:Indiana
1299:kings X
1283:crosses
1275:kings X
1262:kings X
1246:kings X
1201:kings X
1193:kings X
1126:nicklas
1082:fain it
1014:Ireland
1008:Ireland
967:barlies
896:(25%),
892:(30%),
878:Croydon
823:keppies
768:screams
764:scrames
760:screens
720:dialect
698:Swansea
678:barsies
668:crosses
664:Norwich
660:Ipswich
650:creases
638:scruces
618:creases
594:crosses
586:creases
578:Crosses
509:Danelaw
502:feindre
494:yfeyned
490:Chaucer
467:fainits
433:fannies
429:fennits
413:screams
307:barrels
279:Borders
253:crosses
121:English
75:crosses
2077:
2049:
1940:
1897:
1852:
1828:
1804:
1798:224–25
1769:
1694:
1645:539746
1643:
1530:Lydney
1470:France
1464:France
1407:freeze
1362:queens
1325:, and
1315:Barley
1169:flicks
1157:poison
1148:term.
1026:méaram
1001:using
989:using
983:barley
981:using
963:barley
904:(2%).
847:snakes
772:creams
756:scrims
752:Surrey
740:squibs
736:Scribs
732:area.
730:barley
716:Durham
708:skinge
704:Skinch
688:area.
646:screws
610:Oxford
606:cruces
582:cruces
553:Queens
517:zummer
498:fain I
475:fein I
463:Faints
409:scribs
311:barlay
303:barlow
281:, the
275:Barley
269:scribs
261:skinch
241:barley
190:stitch
125:stitch
113:exe(s)
99:barley
83:exe(s)
67:barley
51:phrase
2121:Slang
2047:S2CID
2025:(PDF)
1641:JSTOR
1543:pouce
1502:pouce
1494:thumb
1489:pouce
1475:pouce
1446:kings
1430:times
1358:kings
1346:times
1303:kings
1295:truce
1291:cruse
1279:kings
1227:kings
1197:kings
1161:gates
1122:nicks
1078:fains
1058:gates
1054:twigs
1018:Irish
943:Scots
936:quits
851:twigs
843:truce
835:peril
827:locks
819:denny
811:blobs
796:Latin
782:Finns
776:cribs
682:Devon
608:from
602:cruce
557:kings
539:Kings
533:fains
525:vains
459:fains
421:Olney
405:vains
397:fains
249:kings
237:urban
109:kings
79:kings
55:truce
45:is a
2075:ISBN
1938:ISBN
1895:ISBN
1850:ISBN
1826:ISBN
1802:ISBN
1767:ISBN
1692:ISBN
1448:and
1436:and
1411:fins
1405:and
1399:base
1395:safe
1383:time
1354:time
1352:and
1344:and
1319:Ohio
1307:exes
1305:and
1293:and
1287:exes
1270:exes
1225:and
1195:and
1177:tags
1175:and
1173:bags
1165:tags
1153:bags
1138:flix
1136:and
1134:Nixs
1118:nigs
1110:nibs
1102:pegs
1098:pags
1090:pegs
1074:fans
1066:nibs
1062:tags
1050:pegs
1030:méar
995:bars
975:bars
947:keys
934:and
926:pips
906:Jecs
894:jecs
849:and
831:peas
807:bees
774:and
750:and
726:Keys
714:and
674:Bars
662:and
656:Exes
626:cree
624:and
590:cree
588:and
513:vrog
447:and
411:and
403:and
399:(or
395:and
319:and
291:cree
267:and
265:cree
257:keys
111:and
91:nibs
89:and
87:pegs
81:and
47:word
2039:doi
1633:doi
1496:or
1492:is
1480:pax
1468:In
1401:or
1391:pax
1381:or
1364:or
1181:pax
1130:Nix
1114:nix
1094:pax
1080:or
1044:by
1012:In
993:or
991:bar
971:bar
922:Pax
920:".
890:pax
839:nix
794:, (
792:Pax
746:to
738:or
706:or
696:in
690:Bar
644:or
628:in
620:in
604:or
596:in
567:'s
531:or
523:or
488:by
423:in
323:'s
305:or
233:pax
206:in
184:Use
136:pax
93:in
59:tag
2117::
2045:,
2035:44
2033:,
2027:,
2006:^
1996:.
1960:.
1875:,
1863:^
1800:,
1780:^
1751:^
1741:,
1727:^
1719:11
1717:,
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1652:^
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1629:86
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853:.
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41:A
2041::
2000:.
1964:.
1903:.
1877:4
1743:7
1635::
1413:(
377:.
20:)
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