580:
212:
600:
620:
37:
701:
231:(IUCN) listed the koala as potentially vulnerable in 1992, and the New South Wales Threatened Species Conservation Act of 1995 and the Queensland Nature Conservation Regulation Act of 2006 categorized the koala as vulnerable to extinction in New South Wales and Queensland.
567:
of the spleen, and other problems. While not all of these clinical and pathological findings are consistent with symptoms and signs of trypanosomiasis, those that suggest extravascular hemolysis and generalized immune reaction are.
228:
644:
753:
B.A. Houlden; P.R. England; A.C. Taylor; W.D. Greville; W.B. Sherwin (1996). "Low genetic variability of the koala
Phascolarctos cinereus in south-eastern Australia following a severe population bottleneck".
246:. To combat the loss in diversity, IUCN has released captive koalas into the wild to reintroduce the species. Nonetheless, a significant reduction in the koala population over the past 200 years is apparent.
579:
599:
619:
789:
1098:
942:
975:
878:
839:
799:
1159:
883:
543:
According to the study done by McInnes et al., the sentinel koala exhibited signs of depression, weakness, pale mucous membrane, and
1144:
507:
stage of other well-known trypanosomatids. These organisms are long and thin, consisting of a pointy posterior and a long free
912:
898:
564:
665:
1154:
1085:
551:. The koala examined for the study was euthanized due to liver and kidney failure. A post-mortem examination revealed
224:
36:
1103:
919:
832:
453:, which is an avian trypanosome. Further comparison of the 18S rDNA sequences against the data available in the
1139:
548:
463:
1053:
560:
468:
449:
728:
664:
L. M. McInnes; A. Gillet; U. M. Ryan; J. Austen; R. S. F. Campbell; J. Hanger; S. A. Reid (1 July 2009).
556:
512:
398:
905:
666:"Trypanosoma irwini n. sp (Sarcomastigophora: Trypanosomatidae) from the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)"
255:
239:
211:
121:
1149:
926:
872:
857:
825:
552:
544:
291:
794:
287:
1020:
693:
31:
258:
for this parasite is currently unknown, although trypanosome vectors are generally blood-eating
1111:
1007:
997:
771:
685:
235:
763:
677:
440:
1116:
1090:
1002:
189:
88:
78:
394:
Total length: body length measured along mid-line including free flagellum (total length)
1026:
767:
504:
243:
161:, "The Crocodile Hunter". The study done by McInnes et al. was the first to describe a
157:. First discovered in 2009 by Linda M. McInnes and her peers, it was named in honor of
68:
417:
NA: distance between the anterior edge of the nucleus and the anterior end of the body
1133:
992:
484:
697:
547:. Other clinical findings include anemia, and cytological exam of bone marrow shows
1035:
520:
969:
963:
848:
516:
411:
405:
158:
98:
1076:
891:
681:
295:
263:
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196:
58:
957:
508:
472:
432:
421:
48:
689:
775:
1070:
532:
436:
150:
454:
302:
was found in the blood of koalas with the trypomastigote morphology.
154:
1047:
229:
International Union for
Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
279:
275:
271:
267:
210:
175:
137:
McInnes, Gillett, Ryan, Austen, Campbell, Hanger & Reid, 2009
1051:
821:
645:
List of organisms named after famous people (born 1950–present)
234:
Over the years, the koala population has experienced a loss of
817:
397:
Breadth: maximum breadth measured at nucleus level (including
286:
is similar to that of other
Trypanosomes: alternating between
503:
parasites with physical characteristics resembling the
593:
using partial sequence analysis of 18S rDNA and gGAPDH
531:
This parasite has not yet been successfully cultured
1060:
985:
950:
936:
864:
790:"Fears Over Australia's Declining Koala Population"
16:Blood parasite of koalas named after Steve Irwin
723:
721:
719:
404:PK: distance between the posterior end and the
833:
8:
215:The six main morphologies of trypanosomatids
613:using partial sequence analysis of 18S rDNA
223:) is distributed in patches throughout the
1048:
840:
826:
818:
20:
555:in the ribs, lymphoid atrophy, extensive
195:Other locations: A range of locations in
304:
656:
575:
185:Invertebrate host: None currently known
943:The Crocodile Hunter: Collision Course
734:. Murdoch University, Perth. p. 4
633:using partial sequence analysis gGAPDH
282:. It is likely that the life cycle of
704:from the original on 19 December 2016
7:
768:10.1111/j.1365-294x.1996.tb00314.x
306:Measurements determined from nine
14:
414:and posterior edge of the nucleus
618:
598:
578:
35:
913:My Daddy, the Crocodile Hunter
1:
899:The Crocodile Hunter Diaries
565:extramedullary hematopoiesis
467:, which is a trypanosome of
225:eastern regions of Australia
1176:
1160:Protists described in 2009
471:collected from Australian
447:is genetically closest to
855:
682:10.1017/S0031182009006313
625:Phylogenetic analysis of
605:Phylogenetic analysis of
585:Phylogenetic analysis of
410:KN: distance between the
127:
120:
32:Scientific classification
30:
23:
202:Site of infection: blood
1145:Parasites of marsupials
920:Crikey! It's the Irwins
420:FF: length of the free
561:interstitial nephritis
240:population bottlenecks
221:Phascolarctos cinereus
216:
180:Phascolarctos cinereus
906:Bindi the Jungle Girl
549:erythroid hyperplasia
464:Trypanosoma minasense
214:
165:species from koalas.
873:The Crocodile Hunter
729:"Trypanosoma irwini"
545:keratoconjunctivitis
469:neotropical primates
461:can be grouped with
450:Trypanosoma bennetti
795:The Daily Telegraph
557:periacinar necrosis
513:undulating membrane
399:undulating membrane
311:
1155:Euglenozoa species
1091:Trypanosoma_irwini
1062:Trypanosoma irwini
1021:Crikey steveirwini
1014:Trypanosoma irwini
501:Trypanosoma irwini
499:Blood smears show
489:Trypanosoma irwini
318:Observed range(μm)
305:
290:(vector host) and
217:
146:Trypanosoma irwini
131:Trypanosoma irwini
25:Trypanosoma irwini
1127:
1126:
1112:Open Tree of Life
1054:Taxon identifiers
1045:
1044:
998:Wildlife Warriors
927:Ocean's Deadliest
756:Molecular Ecology
391:
390:
236:genetic diversity
174:Vertebrate host:
169:Taxonomic summary
142:
141:
1167:
1120:
1119:
1107:
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1094:
1093:
1081:
1080:
1079:
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986:Related articles
842:
835:
828:
819:
812:
811:
809:
807:
798:. Archived from
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743:
741:
739:
733:
725:
714:
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711:
709:
661:
622:
602:
582:
527:In vitro culture
435:analysis of the
321:Mean ± s.e.(μm)
312:
310:trypomastigotes
133:
89:Trypanosomatidae
40:
39:
21:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1140:Trypanosomatida
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1123:
1115:
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1075:
1074:
1069:
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1003:Growing Up Wild
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846:
816:
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731:
727:
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717:
707:
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663:
662:
658:
653:
641:
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627:Trypanosoma ssp
623:
614:
607:Trypanosoma ssp
603:
594:
587:Trypanosoma ssp
583:
574:
553:osteochondromas
541:
529:
511:. They have an
497:
481:
430:
252:
244:founder effects
209:
190:New South Wales
188:Type location:
171:
138:
135:
129:
116:
79:Trypanosomatida
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1024:
1017:
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1008:Irwin's turtle
1005:
1000:
995:
989:
987:
983:
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954:
952:
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853:
852:
847:
845:
844:
837:
830:
822:
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813:
802:on 23 May 2011
781:
762:(2): 269–281.
745:
715:
676:(8): 875–885.
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559:of the liver,
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505:trypomastigote
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113:T. irwini
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993:Australia Zoo
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534:
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494:
492:
490:
486:
485:pathogenicity
479:Pathogenicity
478:
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122:Binomial name
119:
115:
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109:
106:
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102:
101:
97:
94:
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87:
84:
83:
80:
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69:Kinetoplastea
67:
64:
63:
60:
57:
54:
53:
50:
47:
44:
43:
38:
33:
29:
26:
22:
19:
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1036:57567 Crikey
1034:
1028:
1019:
1013:
1012:
976:Robert Irwin
941:
925:
918:
911:
904:
897:
890:
871:
804:. Retrieved
800:the original
793:
784:
759:
755:
748:
736:. Retrieved
706:. Retrieved
673:
670:Parasitology
669:
659:
630:
626:
610:
606:
590:
586:
542:
530:
500:
498:
491:is unclear.
488:
482:
462:
458:
448:
444:
431:
326:Total length
307:
299:
283:
253:
233:
220:
218:
179:
162:
145:
144:
143:
130:
128:
112:
111:
99:
24:
18:
1150:Steve Irwin
1029:Steve Irwin
970:Bindi Irwin
964:Terri Irwin
849:Steve Irwin
806:8 September
738:December 7,
517:kinetoplast
457:shows that
439:and gGADPH
412:kinetoplast
406:kinetoplast
250:Description
219:The koala (
199:, Australia
192:, Australia
163:Trypanosoma
159:Steve Irwin
149:is a blood
100:Trypanosoma
1134:Categories
972:(daughter)
892:Croc Files
865:Television
708:6 December
651:References
473:marsupials
296:vertebrate
264:mosquitoes
260:arthropods
197:Queensland
59:Euglenozoa
958:Bob Irwin
631:T. irwini
611:T. irwini
591:T. irwini
509:flagellum
495:Diagnosis
459:T. irwini
445:T. Irwini
433:Phylogeny
428:Phylogeny
422:flagellum
387:10.3±0.9
376:11.9±0.8
365:10.3±0.6
332:36.6±0.7
329:32.1–38.7
308:T. irwini
300:T. irwini
284:T. irwini
107:Species:
49:Eukaryota
1077:Q7848576
1071:Wikidata
960:(father)
879:episodes
702:Archived
698:19646817
690:19570316
639:See also
539:Symptoms
533:in vitro
519:, and a
437:18S rDNA
384:8.6–12.8
373:8.4–16.2
362:6.0–12.1
354:3.6±0.3
343:3.0±0.3
262:such as
238:through
151:parasite
85:Family:
55:Phylum:
45:Domain:
776:8673272
572:Gallery
521:nucleus
455:Genbank
340:1.9–4.5
337:Breadth
315:Feature
298:host).
292:asexual
95:Genus:
75:Order:
65:Class:
1104:646140
966:(wife)
951:Family
884:finale
774:
696:
688:
629:. and
609:. and
589:. and
351:3.0–52
288:sexual
278:, and
256:vector
227:. The
176:Koalas
155:koalas
1117:71487
978:(son)
858:Death
732:(PDF)
694:S2CID
443:that
280:flies
276:mites
272:fleas
268:ticks
1099:NCBI
937:Film
808:2012
772:PMID
740:2011
710:2011
686:PMID
515:, a
483:The
441:loci
254:The
242:and
207:Host
1086:AFD
1027:MY
764:doi
678:doi
674:136
487:of
153:of
1136::
1114::
1101::
1088::
1073::
792:.
770:.
758:.
718:^
700:.
692:.
684:.
672:.
668:.
563:,
535:.
523:.
475:.
381:FF
370:NA
359:KN
348:PK
274:,
270:,
266:,
841:e
834:t
827:v
810:.
778:.
766::
760:5
742:.
712:.
680::
401:)
294:(
182:)
178:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
