72:
624:
1680:
90:
60:
1456:
1910:
1666:
490:. This adoption solidified Jacob's ties to the court and meant that he could safely retain his autonomous domain as a Bulgarian vassal. He also harboured hopes to ascend to the throne by ousting Michael when Constantine died. Suspicious of these disloyal intentions of Jacob's, Constantine's consort Maria is thought to have poisoned him, and he died in 1275 or 1276/1777, shortly before the
1847:
1451:
1922:
1446:
439:. Jacob Svetoslav was close to the Bulgarian court and pledged loyalty to Constantine. Thus, the tsar made him the ruler of a domain usually considered to have been south of the Vidin region in the west of the Bulgarian Empire. Byzantine sources indicate his possessions lay "near
603:. He soon became a leading noble in the internal affairs of the country and, on the childless death of young George Terter II in 1323, Michael Shishman was elected emperor of Bulgaria by the nobility. According to some historians he was chosen because he was a descendant of the
657:, but the occupation was short-lived. Although the initial campaign was not entirely successful because the Hungarians seized the city back, the ensuing negotiations between the Kingdom of Hungary and Ivan Alexander's allies, Vladislav I Vlaicu and
672:, led to the return of the city to Bulgarian possession. It is thought that Ivan Sratsimir was reinstalled as the region's ruler in the autumn of 1369. In 1393 the whole of Bulgaria, along with the rest of the surrounding region, fell to the
1279:
539:. Even though the Serbs captured Vidin in their counter-offensive, perhaps thanks to Tatar influence Shishman was placed once more as the ruler of the region. As his son and successor as despot of Vidin
71:
497:
While the fate of the city of Vidin itself is unclear, at least part of Jacob's possessions were certainly restored to direct
Bulgarian rule in the wake of his death. One such territory was the
1949:
474:. Cut off from his Hungarian suzerains and facing the menace of a Bulgarian attack from the east, Jacob Svetoslav once again submitted to Bulgarian rule. He arrived in the capital
511:
based out of the
Danubian fortress in the late 13th and early 14th century (1270s/1280s - before 1308/1313). Shishman was bestowed the title of "despot" by Bulgarian emperors
695:
as well. Vidin's independence did not last long. In 1396, Stratsimir contributed soldiers to assist the
Christian nations' bid to overturn the Ottoman Empire. Following
676:. This brought an end to Bulgaria's medieval state empire. Vidin was now the only region controlled by the indigenous Bulgarian population and not the invading
1083:
The Late
Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest, John Van Antwerp Fine, University of Michigan Press, 1994,
879:
The Late
Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest, John Van Antwerp Fine, University of Michigan Press, 1994,
1679:
1780:
1173:
1164:
1815:
607:
and interpret his ascencion to the throne not as the beginning of a new dynasty but rather as a continuation of the House of Asen. His half-brother,
431:, a high-ranking noble in the Bulgarian hierarchy. The title was awarded to him probably by his own suzerain, the ruler of Bulgaria, rather than a
1785:
1530:
1506:
599:´s death, in 1321 in Serbia occurred a period of civil war. Michael Shishman was able to follow a more active policy in the Bulgarian capital
1545:
623:
585:
1656:
799:
89:
1723:
1122:
565:
479:
1455:
271:
246:
1157:
1088:
1071:
884:
867:
577:
512:
381:
111:
1021:
991:
1688:
1560:
647:
462:, as his regent. At the time, Jacob Svetoslav still held Vidin as a Hungarian vassal. Possibly in 1273, Hungarian rule in
1491:
1481:
59:
1865:
1570:
1415:
763:
753:
737:
551:
540:
536:
520:
436:
373:
1486:
543:
acceded to the
Bulgarian throne in 1323, Shishman was the progenitor of the last medieval Bulgarian royal dynasty, the
1589:
786:
636:
487:
1501:
1646:
1432:
1420:
1142:
833:
827:
816:
813:
805:
794:
781:
767:
749:
632:
1954:
1875:
1641:
1150:
315:
1496:
1437:
1636:
1555:
1405:
773:
569:
403:
1870:
1713:
1698:
1469:
1464:
1395:
1242:
1181:
669:
573:
455:
395:
346:
251:
155:
1880:
1805:
1753:
1550:
1236:
1177:
1114:
342:
1810:
1718:
1594:
1060:
859:
581:
486:. There, Jacob was formally adopted by the much younger Maria as her second son, after the infant heir
463:
353:, but failed to take it, so he retreated to Vidin where he established himself, claiming the title of
1825:
1763:
1609:
1371:
1346:
1261:
741:
720:
684:
662:
612:
555:
516:
427:
176:
1748:
1708:
1624:
1535:
1400:
1376:
1366:
1361:
1110:
901:
The Late
Medieval Balkans - A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest
696:
589:
459:
1835:
1651:
1604:
1565:
1381:
1351:
1284:
1224:
821:
651:
491:
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448:
407:
306:
135:
34:
1450:
1133:
1846:
1693:
1614:
1599:
1584:
1320:
1118:
1084:
1067:
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863:
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700:
504:
432:
369:
78:
1860:
1768:
1743:
1619:
1540:
732:
544:
440:
364:
had been autonomous under ineffective
Bulgarian overlordship, and was ruled successively by
145:
1445:
1914:
1885:
1758:
1703:
1525:
391:
365:
501:
region lying southwest of Vidin, which in 1278 was documented as belonging to
Bulgaria.
1926:
1410:
1314:
839:
673:
600:
596:
475:
350:
264:
1943:
1820:
899:
677:
560:
1800:
604:
528:
1665:
1066:, Cambridge Concise Histories, R. J. Crampton, Cambridge University Press, 2005,
862:, Cambridge Concise Histories, R. J. Crampton, Cambridge University Press, 2005,
1219:
410:
and vice versa, and the
Hungarians recognized his Bulgarian royal rank as their
189:
1890:
1738:
658:
532:
326:
535:
and in 1292 he was in charge of an unsuccessful campaign against neighboring
454:
The death of Stephen V in 1272 meant that he was succeeded by his infant son
1830:
704:
576:. He was also a distant cousin of his predecessors on the Bulgarian throne,
508:
483:
107:
482:, who was the dominant figure in the empire at the time due to the Tsar's
1855:
692:
289:
165:
1135:
Car Konstantin II Asen — poslednijat vladetel na srednovekovna Bǎlgarija
1296:
1214:
666:
654:
498:
103:
1302:
1290:
790:
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759:
688:
608:
467:
411:
293:
1326:
1308:
1274:
622:
524:
444:
415:
399:
361:
330:
125:
635:
isolated Vidin from the Bulgarian monarchy and appointed his son
1356:
809:
728:
724:
640:
357:
of Bulgaria, and the Hungarians recognized him with this title.
172:
1146:
703:, Vidin finally fell under the sphere of the Ottomans led by
384:, and was referred to in a contemporary Venetian source as a
1845:
1678:
1664:
1250:
De facto independent Bulgarian states from the Second Empire
588:
in 1292, Michael Shishman was engaged to Milutin's daughter
627:
Battle between Magyarian und Turkish forces near Vidin 1396
507:, Bulgarian nobleman (boyar), ruled the semi-independent
402:. Seeking further independence and claiming the title of
584:(r. 1321-1322). After the peace between his father and
478:
to negotiate his submission with Constantine's consort
320:
447:, between the Hungarian possessions to the north and
466:, west of Jacob's domain, was put to an end by two
406:, he twice changed allegiance from Bulgaria to the
394:was the ruler of a widely autonomous domain of the
285:
209:
199:
185:
171:
161:
151:
141:
131:
118:
99:
21:
898:
683:The Ottomans went on to conquer the despotates of
458:, with the widowed consort and mother of the boy,
360:Since the middle of the 13th century, the area of
731:(self-proclaimed) (1280 — 1308), the founder of
558:Shishman of Vidin by an unnamed daughter of the
372:(died between 1308 and 1313), and then his son
26:
1262:Despotate of Dobruja (Principality of Karvuna)
16:Medieval tsardom in Bulgaria centered in Vidin
1950:States and territories disestablished in 1396
1158:
1022:The Balkans: From Constantinople to Communism
992:The Balkans: From Constantinople to Communism
8:
1781:Architecture of the Tarnovo Artistic School
1165:
1151:
1143:
88:
18:
942:
940:
938:
936:
926:
924:
914:
912:
639:(1356–1396) as absolute ruler, the first
376:, who received the high courtly title of
1190:
1786:Painting of the Tarnovo Artistic School
1012:Kazhdan, "Michael III Šišman", pg. 1365
852:
793:and co-tsar (1337 — 1349), son of tsar
780:and co-tsar (1337 — 1349), son of tsar
208:
198:
194:
170:
7:
386:Despot of Bulgaria and Lord of Vidin
762:, despot (1323 — 1336), brother of
697:defeat at the hands of the Ottomans
1657:Uprising of Konstantin and Fruzhin
592:and they married in 1298 or 1299.
14:
830:, tsar (1369 — 1396) second reign
523:expanded towards the vicinity of
1920:
1908:
1683:Tetraevangelia of Ivan Alexander
1546:Croatian–Bulgarian battle of 854
1454:
1449:
1444:
269:
244:
70:
58:
1731:Prominent writers and scholars:
480:Maria Palaiologina Kantakouzene
513:Theodore Svetoslav of Bulgaria
1:
1561:Battle of the Gates of Trajan
860:A Concise History Of Bulgaria
329:state centred in the city of
1105:Fine Jr., John V.A. (1987).
1063:Concise History Of Bulgaria
550:Born between 1280 and 1292
398:most likely located around
321:
1971:
1647:Uprising of Asen and Peter
711:Despots and Tsars of Vidin
1903:
1816:Holy Forty Martyrs Church
1642:Uprising of Georgi Voyteh
1188:
1138:(in Bulgarian). LiterNet.
1107:The Late Medieval Balkans
527:. In 1291, it came under
425:By 1261, he had become a
310:
223:
219:
195:
87:
54:
49:
27:
1637:Uprising of Peter Delyan
1492:Bulgarian–Hungarian wars
1482:Byzantine–Bulgarian wars
1042:Божилов, Гюзелев, p. 562
665:of the semi-independent
643:of the domain of Vidin.
631:In 1356, Bulgarian tsar
611:, succeeded him as last
1714:Preslav Literary School
1699:Early Cyrillic alphabet
1578:Second Bulgarian Empire
1531:Siege of Constantinople
1487:Croatian–Bulgarian wars
1389:Second Bulgarian Empire
1243:Second Bulgarian Empire
1182:Second Bulgarian Empire
670:Principality of Karvuna
574:Irene Komnene of Epirus
396:Second Bulgarian Empire
252:Second Bulgarian Empire
1881:Archbishopric of Ohrid
1851:
1754:Constantine of Preslav
1684:
1669:
1551:Battle of Southern Buh
1519:First Bulgarian Empire
1507:Bulgarian–Serbian wars
1502:Bulgarian–Ottoman wars
1340:First Bulgarian Empire
1237:First Bulgarian Empire
1178:First Bulgarian Empire
1115:University of Michigan
1024:by D. Hupchick, pg. 89
994:by D. Hupchick, pg. 88
812:(1356 — 1365), son of
744:(1308 — 1323), son of
628:
568:, herself daughter of
343:Rostislav Mikhailovich
211:• Disestablished
1849:
1719:Ohrid Literary School
1682:
1668:
1595:Battle of Klokotnitsa
1571:Battle of Dyrrhachium
626:
156:Orthodox Christianity
132:Common languages
1775:Art and architecture
1689:Bulgarian literature
1610:Battle of Rusokastro
1590:Battle of Adrianople
1497:Bulgarian–Latin wars
836:, tsar (1396 — 1422)
699:outside the city of
142:Other languages
94:The Tsardom of Vidin
77:Coat of arms of the
1915:Bulgaria portal
1749:Chernorizets Hrabar
1709:Old Church Slavonic
1625:Battle of Nicopolis
1615:Battle of Chernomen
1536:Battle of Marcellae
1280:Great Boyar Council
955:Златарски, pg. 499.
824:rule (1365 — 1369).
802:, claimant in exile
595:After Serbian king
580:(r. 1300-1321) and
572:(r. 1218-1241) and
554:was the son of the
470:–Bulgarian nobles,
404:Emperor of Bulgaria
201:• Established
1927:History portal
1876:Bulgarian Orthodox
1852:
1764:Evtimiy of Tarnovo
1685:
1670:
1652:Uprising of Ivaylo
1605:Battle of Velbazhd
1566:Battle of Kleidion
1556:Battle of Achelous
1285:Council of Preslav
1225:Old Great Bulgaria
964:Fine, pp. 181–183.
752:and uses the name
648:state was occupied
629:
578:Theodore Svetoslav
492:Uprising of Ivaylo
472:Darman and Kudelin
408:Kingdom of Hungary
382:Theodore Svetoslav
1935:
1934:
1898:
1897:
1694:Glagolitic script
1600:Battle of Skafida
1585:Battle of Tryavna
1438:Bulgarian economy
1433:Bulgarian coinage
1033:Fine, pp. 268–269
897:Fine, John V. A.
519:. By early 1290s
505:Shishman of Vidin
443:", thus close to
433:Byzantine emperor
380:from his cousin,
325:) was a medieval
322:Vidinsko Tsarstvo
319:
299:
298:
281:
280:
277:
276:
257:
256:
79:House of Shishman
44:
42:Vidinsko Tsarstvo
1962:
1955:Tsardom of Vidin
1925:
1924:
1923:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1871:Eastern Orthodox
1866:Christianisation
1793:Famous examples:
1769:Gregory Tsamblak
1744:Clement of Ohrid
1620:Siege of Tarnovo
1541:Battle of Pliska
1458:
1453:
1448:
1416:Michael Shishman
1334:Important rulers
1264:(1337/1346–1413)
1258:(1371–1396/1422)
1256:Tsardom of Vidin
1245:(1185–1396/1422)
1191:
1167:
1160:
1153:
1144:
1139:
1132:Pavlov, Plamen.
1128:
1092:
1081:
1075:
1058:
1052:
1049:
1043:
1040:
1034:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1013:
1010:
1004:
1003:Андреев, pg. 255
1001:
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989:
983:
980:
974:
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947:
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916:
907:
906:
904:
894:
888:
877:
871:
857:
750:tsar of Bulgaria
733:Shishman dynasty
619:Tsardom of Vidin
582:George Terter II
552:Michael Shishman
545:Shishman dynasty
541:Michael Shishman
374:Michael Shishman
333:from 1369–1396.
324:
314:
312:
311:Видинско Царство
303:Tsardom of Vidin
273:
272:
261:
260:
248:
247:
241:
240:
225:
224:
146:Middle Bulgarian
121:and largest city
114:rule (1365–1369)
92:
74:
62:
40:
38:
30:
29:
28:Видинско Царство
23:Tsardom of Vidin
19:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1964:
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1961:
1960:
1959:
1940:
1939:
1936:
1931:
1921:
1919:
1909:
1907:
1899:
1861:Slavic Paganism
1844:
1796:
1777:
1759:John the Exarch
1734:
1704:Cyrillic script
1677:
1662:
1633:
1631:Major uprisings
1526:Battle of Ongal
1515:
1478:
1443:
1429:
1336:
1271:
1233:
1211:
1184:
1171:
1131:
1125:
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1099:Further reading
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895:
891:
878:
874:
858:
854:
849:
787:Michael IV Asen
713:
637:Ivan Stratsimir
621:
566:Anna (Theodora)
517:George Terter I
488:Michael Asen II
437:Constantine Tih
392:Jacob Svetoslav
366:Yakov Svetoslav
339:
292:
270:
245:
212:
202:
122:
110:
106:
95:
83:
82:
81:
75:
67:
66:
63:
45:
39:
32:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1968:
1966:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1942:
1941:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1917:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1886:Roman Catholic
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1806:Great Basilica
1803:
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1788:
1783:
1773:
1772:
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1766:
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1724:Royal charters
1721:
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1711:
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1701:
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1470:Bulgarian navy
1467:
1465:Bulgarian army
1460:
1441:
1440:
1435:
1425:
1424:
1423:
1421:Ivan Alexander
1418:
1413:
1411:Konstantin Tih
1408:
1403:
1398:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
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1349:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1269:Administration
1267:
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1097:
1094:
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1091:, pp. 423-425.
1076:
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1035:
1026:
1014:
1005:
996:
984:
982:Fine, pg. 183.
975:
966:
957:
948:
932:
930:Fine, pg. 175.
920:
908:
889:
887:, pp. 423-425.
872:
851:
850:
848:
845:
844:
843:
837:
834:Constantine II
831:
825:
819:
817:Ivan Alexander
814:Bulgarian tsar
806:Ivan Sratsimir
803:
797:
795:Ivan Alexander
784:
782:Ivan Alexander
771:
768:Ivan Alexander
757:
735:
712:
709:
674:Ottoman Empire
633:Ivan Alexander
620:
617:
597:Stefan Milutin
586:Stefan Milutin
451:to the south.
338:
335:
297:
296:
287:
283:
282:
279:
278:
275:
274:
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265:Ottoman Empire
258:
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186:Historical era
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3:
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1850:Saint Theodor
1848:
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1821:Boyana Church
1819:
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1638:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1514:
1513:Major battles
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1335:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1168:
1163:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1137:
1136:
1130:
1126:
1124:0-472-08260-4
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1090:
1086:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1057:
1054:
1051:Fine, pg. 269
1048:
1045:
1039:
1036:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1015:
1009:
1006:
1000:
997:
993:
988:
985:
979:
976:
970:
967:
961:
958:
952:
949:
943:
941:
939:
937:
933:
927:
925:
921:
918:Fine, pg. 268
915:
913:
909:
903:
902:
893:
890:
886:
882:
876:
873:
869:
865:
861:
856:
853:
846:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:
818:
815:
811:
807:
804:
801:
798:
796:
792:
788:
785:
783:
779:
775:
772:
769:
766:, removed by
765:
761:
758:
755:
751:
748:, elected to
747:
743:
739:
736:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
715:
714:
710:
708:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
681:
679:
678:Ottoman Turks
675:
671:
668:
664:
660:
656:
653:
649:
646:In 1365, the
644:
642:
638:
634:
625:
618:
616:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
593:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
562:
561:sebastokrator
557:
553:
548:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
500:
495:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
452:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
429:
423:
421:
417:
414:and ruler of
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
368:(died 1276),
367:
363:
358:
356:
352:
348:
345:attacked the
344:
337:Early history
336:
334:
332:
328:
323:
317:
308:
304:
295:
291:
288:
286:Today part of
284:
268:
266:
263:
262:
259:
253:
250:
243:
242:
239:
238:
235:
232:
230:
227:
226:
222:
218:
214:
204:
191:
188:
184:
180:
178:
174:
167:
164:
160:
157:
154:
150:
147:
144:
140:
137:
134:
130:
127:
124:
117:
113:
109:
105:
102:
98:
91:
86:
80:
73:
61:
53:
48:
43:
36:
20:
1937:
1841:
1811:Round Church
1801:Madara Rider
1792:
1791:
1790:
1774:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1674:
1661:
1630:
1577:
1576:
1575:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1475:
1442:
1426:
1406:Ivan Asen II
1388:
1387:
1386:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1268:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1230:
1208:
1134:
1106:
1079:
1062:
1056:
1047:
1038:
1029:
1017:
1008:
999:
987:
978:
969:
960:
951:
900:
892:
875:
855:
774:Ivan IV Asen
682:
645:
630:
605:Asen dynasty
594:
570:Ivan Asen II
559:
549:
529:Golden Horde
503:
496:
456:Ladislaus IV
453:
426:
424:
419:
390:
385:
377:
359:
354:
340:
302:
300:
234:Succeeded by
233:
228:
41:
1396:Ivan Asen I
1329:(1393–1396)
1323:(1393–1396)
1317:(1185–1393)
1275:Aristocracy
1220:South Slavs
800:Shishman II
764:Michael III
754:Michael III
435:, possibly
349:capital of
229:Preceded by
190:Middle Ages
1944:Categories
1891:Bogomilism
1739:Saint Naum
1675:Literature
1311:(992–1018)
1289:Capitals:
1239:(681–1018)
1089:0472082604
1072:0521616379
885:0472082604
868:0521616379
847:References
659:Dobrotitsa
615:of Vidin.
564:Peter and
533:suzerainty
531:("Tatar")
418:(medieval
162:Government
1831:Baba Vida
1826:Tsarevets
1476:Conflicts
1321:Nicopolis
1305:(972–992)
1299:(893–972)
1293:(681–893)
1197:Military
1111:Ann Arbor
828:Sratsimir
822:Hungarian
738:Michael I
727:), later
705:Bayezid I
701:Nicopolis
655:crusaders
652:Hungarian
590:Anna Neda
509:despotate
484:paralysis
464:Braničevo
460:Elizabeth
449:Macedonia
347:Bulgarian
341:In 1257,
327:Bulgarian
316:romanized
307:Bulgarian
152:Religion
136:Bulgarian
112:Hungarian
108:Despotate
50:1369–1396
35:Bulgarian
1856:Tengrism
1842:Religion
1372:Simeon I
1347:Asparukh
1200:Culture
1074:, p. 28.
973:Бакалов.
870:, p. 28.
842:conquest
746:Shishman
717:Shishman
693:Velbazhd
667:Dobrujan
378:despotēs
370:Shishman
290:Bulgaria
166:Monarchy
1836:Cherven
1427:Economy
1401:Kaloyan
1377:Peter I
1367:Boris I
1362:Omurtag
1315:Tarnovo
1297:Preslav
1215:Bulgars
1176:on the
1117:Press.
946:Павлов.
840:Ottoman
685:Dobruja
601:Tarnovo
499:Svrljig
476:Tarnovo
351:Tarnovo
318::
119:Capital
104:Tsardom
1382:Samuel
1352:Tervel
1303:Skopje
1291:Pliska
1231:States
1209:Origin
1194:State
1174:Topics
1121:
1087:
1070:
883:
866:
791:prince
778:prince
760:Belaur
742:despot
721:despot
691:, and
689:Prilep
663:despot
661:, the
613:despot
609:Belaur
556:despot
537:Serbia
521:Serbia
441:Haemus
428:despot
412:vassal
294:Serbia
181:
177:Despot
100:Status
31:
1327:Vidin
1309:Ohrid
525:Vidin
468:Cuman
445:Sofia
416:Vidin
400:Sofia
362:Vidin
331:Vidin
126:Vidin
1357:Krum
1180:and
1119:ISBN
1085:ISBN
1068:ISBN
881:ISBN
864:ISBN
810:tsar
729:tsar
725:duke
641:Tsar
515:and
422:).
420:Bdin
355:Tsar
301:The
215:1396
205:1369
173:Tsar
65:Flag
650:by
1946::
1113::
1109:.
1061:A
935:^
923:^
911:^
808:,
789:,
776:,
740:,
719:,
707:.
687:,
680:.
547:.
494:.
388:.
313:,
309::
175:/
1166:e
1159:t
1152:v
1127:.
905:.
770:.
756:.
723:(
305:(
37:)
33:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
