581:. He was described by the British as "the most powerful friend of His Majesty's Government in Tibet" and being "very friendly to British officials". He was described as "wealthy, with great energy, sound sense and was progressively minded". Tsarong married the three daughters of the original Tsarong, and the children of the eldest sister Pema Dolkar Tsarong, son – Dundul Namgyal Tsarong (George Tsarong) married Yangchen Dolkar from the Ragasha family – issue 5 children. Daughter Kunsang Lhaki (Kate Tsarong) married Shata Ganden Paljor – issue 3 daughters. Married second sister Rinchen Dolma Tsarong, (she later married Sikkim Prince Jigme Taring) issue 1 daughter. Married third Tsarong sister (widow of Horkhang Dzasa) issue 2 children, Tsering Yangzom (aka Tessla) married Jigme Palden Dorji of Bhutan, and Deki Dolma Tsarong, married Yapshi Phuenkhang third son. Dechula Tsarong, no issue. Tsarong also married into the Kapshopa family – issue 3 sons, 1 daughter Daisy Tsarong. Nancy Tsarong married into Sholkhang family, issue 3 sons.
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country must exert a strong military presence and engage in active diplomacy with foreign nations to affect the balance of international power in favor of Tibet. This strong military force in
Tsarong's ideology must also exert power over those within the country, driving out the threats from internal disunity and taking away local and class privileges in favor of a centralized military-based elite, a modern Tibetan state. However, although Tsarong was very popular with many ordinary Tibetans throughout Tibet, Tsarong's revolutionary ideas of modernization and a dramatic restructure of local aristocrats and estates made him strongly disliked by many of the aristocracy or authoritative monks in Tibet who viewed him as a serious threat to their historical privileges and order.
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389:"He had very definite opinions about everything connected with Tibet based on a thorough consideration. On the other hand, he was able to learn quite a bit from us about the modern world ... he has thought about many things for himself, often correctly. He had risen from the lowest social class and had never been to school. He had gained his high position through skill and courage at the time of the flight of the thirteenth Dalai Lama from the Chinese in 1911. He was then director of the so-called Drapchi office, which was responsible for technical work and for production of banknotes and coins. His salary was very small, because officials were expected to earn their own income through private trading."
40:
516:, on the main trade route from Lhasa to India and western Tibet. Immediately after its completion, Tsarong began planning a more ambitious structure across the Kyichu, the Kyichu Bridge which was to be located east of Lhasa. The project was given the seal of approval from the Tibetan government and Tsarong had organised the purchase of steel girders from Calcutta to be used to construct it. However, growing concerns over the Chinese meant the project had to be abandoned. Later after the Chinese successfully annexed Tibet, they would finance a notable bridge at Perong, close to the original site.
467:"In 1947 there was little of either grain reserves or gold. Tsarong was worried about this situation since we continued to print new paper currency. He always used to say that the paper money had to have some hard backing; that a currency note means that the government guarantees the value of the note in gold or some other commodity. He also used to talk about a foreign country where all the people suddenly came and asked to change paper money into silver and gold and the government had nothing, so the finance minister had to commit suicide."
358:. When in March 1910, the 13th Dalai Lama fled into exile to British India, Namgangla remained behind at Chaksam Ferry with an army of Tibetan soldiers, and resisted the Qing troops who were attempting to thwart the passage of the Dalai Lama to India. The Qing suffered a humiliating defeat as well as a significant number of casualties and his success in the battle and protection of the spiritual leader and country won him notable acclaim in the eyes of many Tibetans who referred to him as the ‘Hero of Chaksam’.
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the quality of paper currency, stock pile arms, and to introduce electricity into Lhasa. In 1947, Dzasa along with ministers
Trunyichemmo Cawtang and Tsipon Shakabpa spearheaded the Tibetan Trade Mission of the mint which sought to strengthen Tibet's currency and to increase hard gold reserves against paper. Dzasa was notably concerned about the weakness of the financial situation and Tsepon Wangchuk Deden Shakabpa recounted the economic situation in Tibet and Dzasa's aims at this time;
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compassionately named him ‘Chensel’ Namgang; ‘Chensel’ literally meaning ‘visible to the eyes’, because
Namgang was constantly in his presence. As the Dalai Lama grew in trust of Namgang and his abilities, he became increasingly important not only as a servant but as an adviser. In April 1908, for instance, he was entrusted to sign the Trade Regulations in
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palaces. Several hundred
Tibetans died in the attack (with approximately 87,000 dying in genocidal reprisals after the uprising's failure) and Tsarong and a number of other important officials were captured during the battle, or others died. Shortly after his arrest, on 14 May 1959, Tsarong died in
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In the 1920s the aristocrats in Tibet plotted for his downfall and utilized the opportunity to do so while he was on leave in India in 1924. On his return from India in 1925, Tsarong was deprived of his
Commander-in-Chief title and was subsequently demoted out of the Kashag. Despite this he remained
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on diplomatic purposes and visited India again on a pilgrimage in 1924. Following the declaration of
Tibetan Independence and victory, Tsarong became a leading figure in Tibet in the 1910s and the decades that followed, and was entrusted with a significant amount of responsibility for the running of
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While in India, in early 1912, the Dalai Lama appointed
Namgangla as the official Commander-in-Chief of Tibet, awarding him the title of Dzasa. He would soon take the other name, Tsarong, in July 1913 from his marriage to the eldest daughter of the late Kalon Tsarong Shap-pe whose prestigious title,
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and played an important role in the early twentieth century politics of Tibet. Eager to accelerate economic progression and pursue the modernization of Tibet, Tsarong believed that the old order in Tibet had to be broken by hierarchical reforms to prepare the way for a more modern society which would
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Tsarong was prominent in the economic affairs of Tibet throughout the 1930s and 1940s. Following the death of the 13th Dalai Lama in 1933, Tsarong was appointed the Head of the
Arsenal-Mint, the Grwa bZhi dNgul Khang (གྲྭ་བཞི་དངུལ་ཁང). This department had a number of functions, including to improve
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in 1903 and from then on became his closest servant. The Dalai Lama grew increasingly fond of
Namgangla during the first decade of the 20th century. He was said to greatly admire the dedication and hard work that Namgangla contributed in his service and became one of his favorites. The Dalai Lama
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Tsarong gained practical and theoretical experiences by visiting neighboring countries and educating himself about their national policies and strategies. He learned that for a state to be successful, there must be not only a great value placed on internal domestic unity and prosperity, but the
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Qing dynasty and the ongoing
Chinese revolution. The Qing army lacked supplies and reinforcements and were forced to surrender on 12 August 1912 after force from an army led by Tsarong. Following victory, the Dalai Lama returned from exile, declaring the Independence of Tibet in early 1913.
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Tibet. His status was something unique in Tibet, growing to possess military, political and economic power. In conjunction he was not only the Commander-in-Chief of the Army, but became Senior Cabinet Minister and later Head of the Tibetan Mint and Armoury after 1933.
362:"Shap-pe" and state entitlements he inherited. Early in 1912, after his appointment as commander, Tsarong was sent to Lhasa to work in close cooperation with the War Department established by the officials of the Tibetan government,
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be compatible with the outside world. In his efforts to build up Tibet's defense systems and relations with European powers as well as to facilitate trade and strengthen the Tibetan currency, he made a series of diplomatic visits to
544:. Tsarong had been appointed to use his diplomatic skills to head a delegation to negotiate with the Chinese authorities in Lhasa but before negotiations could be finalized, Lhasa came under fire with bombing of the
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in 1888 according to the Tibet Museum (other sources suggest 1885). As a child he demonstrated an unusually high level of intelligence and advanced abilities. In 1900, he was recognized by
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During this period Tsarong was also an active figure in civil engineering works and buildings in Tibet. In 1937 for instance he supervised the construction a steel bridge over the
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palace and took on Namgang as his pupil at the age of twelve, considered very young at the time. Within a short amount of time he was employed in the personal service of the
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captured by the People's Liberation Army in March 1959 in an image taken from a Chinese propaganda film. Tsarong would soon die in a prison before his scheduled "
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who he had aided during a fracas in 1929. Tsarong would continue to make visits back and forth to Sikkim throughout the rest of life, making a memorable trip to
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Dundul Namgyal Tsarong ("George"), Ngodup Wangmo, Tsarong Dzasa, Kunsang Lhakyi Tsarong ("Kate"), and Jigme Taring standing on the steps of Tsarong's house
370:. In Lhasa they formulated and coordinated a revolt against the Qing forces, which had become increasingly weak in Tibet following the collapse of the
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Serving with Khemey Rinchen Wangyal (until 1921), Trimön Norbu Wangyal (until 1934), Ngabo (since 1921), and Lobsang Tenyong (since 1925)
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272:. His diplomatic skills came to see him regarded by the British as being, "the most powerful friend of His Majesty's Government in Tibet."
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a powerful figure and notably had strong support from the monks of one of Tibets important monasteries,
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Spence, Heather: “Tsarong II, The Hero of Chaksam, and the Modernisation Struggle in Tibet 1912–1931.”
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Tsarong (front left) pictured with other Tibetan officials and the German expedition to Tibet in 1938
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In the Service of his Country. The Biography of Dasang Damdul Tsarong. Commander General of Tibet
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Peer-Reviewed Biography of Dasang Damdul Tsarong on The Treasury of Lives
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715:. The Tibet Album, British Photography in Central Tibet (1920–1950),
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761:"Profile: Important People in Tibetan History:Dasang Dadul Tsarong"
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International diplomacy and ideologies of modernization (1914–1932)
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Relations with People's Republic of China in Tibet (1950–1959)
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a revolt broke out in Lhasa against the Chinese government
863:, vol. 16, no. 1, Dharamsala, spring 1991, p. 34–57.
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Namgang Dazang Damdu was born into a peasant family in
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Goldstein, Melvyn C.; Rinpoche, Gelek (18 June 1991).
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Namgangla accompanied the Dalai Lama in his trip to
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13th Dalai Lama in Darjeeling, India on 18 May 1910
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877:. Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca, New York, 2000.
827:. University of California Press. p. 570.
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870:. Reprint, Allied Publishers, New Delhi, 1978.
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894:Profile: Important People in Tibetan History
785:Aufschnaiter, Peter; Brauen, Martin (2002).
346:Namgang played an important role in the pre-
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263:. He was a close aide of the
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