37:
81:
253:
pattern for a Tsimané group is to work during the day, congregate around a fire while cooking food, share a meal, then remain by the fire as it gets dark, sharing stories and information. Children and mothers tend to move away to sleep before male adults, with sleep onset occurring, on average, 3.3 hours after sunset. From beginning to end, sleep periods averaged 6.9–8.5 hours, with actual time slept of 5.7–7.1 hours, less sleep than reported in many industrial societies.
846:
69:
252:
Tsimané sleep patterns have been studied as an example of "natural" sleep in nonindustrial or preindustrial societies, and to assess relationships between sleep patterns and health. Factors observed include sleep duration, timing, natural light, ambient temperature and seasonality. A normal daily
240:
Both the
Tsimane' Amazonian Panel Study and The Tsimane Health and Life History Project have studied the Tsimane since 2002. Among other things, it appears that they do not develop heart disease as they age in the same ways as people in the developed world. Blood tissue from the Tsimané exhibits a
232:, although hunting, fishing and gathering contribute significantly as a source of food for almost all communities. The population has been undergoing some degree of market integration over the past 15 years, and some Tsimane now participate in the cash economy.
187:
culture, although hunting and fishing contribute significantly to many of the settlements' food supply. Those Tsimané living in the
Reserve are affiliated with the multiethnic Consejo Regional Tsimane Moseten (CRTM), which holds the title to the Reserve as a
529:
Horvath S, Gurven M, Levine ME, Trumble BC, Kaplan H, Allayee H, Ritz BR, Chen B, Lu AT, Rickabaugh TM, Jamieson BD, Sun D, Li S, Chen W, Quintana-Murci L, Fagny M, Kobor MS, Tsao PS, Reiner AP, Edlefsen KL, Absher D, Assimes TL (2016).
180:
767:
353:
Costas Monje, Patricia (January 1, 2001). "La pluriterritorialidad en el Norte de La Paz. Dos casos de estudio sobre defensa del territorio". In
Chumacero, Juan (ed.).
635:
Yetish, Gandhi; Kaplan, Hillard; Gurven, Michael; Wood, Brian; Pontzer, Herman; Manger, Paul R.; Wilson, Charles; McGregor, Ronald; Siegel, Jerome M. (November 2015).
436:
Gurven, Michael; Hillard Kaplan; Jeffrey
Winking; Daniel Eid Rodriguez; Sarinnapha Vasunilashorn; Jung Ki Kim; Caleb Finch; Eileen Crimmins; Henry Harpending (2009).
265:, which is believed to have increased their fertility rate by suppressing their immune system, leading to two additional children over the course of a lifetime.
224:
They live in small communities composed of 20 to 30 families. Tsimané and Mosetén people depends mainly on subsistence farming, they cultivate bananas and
1042:
1037:
948:
900:
1032:
760:
717:
36:
256:
The average Tsimané woman has nine children in her lifetime. A study of 983 Tsimané women found that 70% were infected with the parasitic
200:
The Tsimané are also known as the
Achumano, Chamano, Chimane, Chimanis, Chimanisa, Chimnisin, Chumano, Nawazi-Moñtji, and Ramano people.
732:
144:
376:
2004.This study regards the language as spoken by some 800 people in the foothills and adjoining lowland area of the
Bolivian Andes
753:
160:
600:
216:
having several dialect varieties, such as the Mosetén of Santa Ana and the Mosetén of
Covendo which are mutually intelligible.
438:"Inflammation and Infection Do Not Promote Arterial Aging and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among Lean Horticulturalists"
245:. This finding might explain the "Tsimane inflammation paradox", wherein high levels of inflammation and infection, and low
399:
241:
slower intrinsic epigenetic aging rate than that of other populations according to a biomarker of tissue age known as
164:
1047:
776:
246:
825:
184:
282:
156:
42:
189:
820:
958:
830:
800:
449:
261:
168:
805:
389:. Institut des hautes études internationales et du développement, Genève (Suisse); Karthala, Paris.
229:
20:
845:
713:
501:
971:
918:
810:
740:
437:
355:
Reconfigurando territorios: Reforma agraria, control territorial y gobiernos indígenas en
Bolivia
387:
Une écologie politique des territoires tsimane' d'Amazonie bolivienne : notre grande maison
981:
943:
928:
795:
666:
565:
477:
373:
986:
938:
933:
870:
656:
648:
608:
555:
545:
467:
457:
368:
242:
213:
209:
172:
103:
99:
1011:
976:
923:
880:
835:
152:
86:
322:
453:
966:
913:
908:
885:
815:
661:
636:
560:
531:
472:
304:
1026:
875:
1006:
865:
790:
583:
532:"An epigenetic clock analysis of race/ethnicity, sex, and coronary heart disease"
462:
536:
860:
652:
613:
584:'Deep in the Amazon rainforest lives a community whose hearts age more slowly
550:
249:
cholesterol levels, are not associated with accelerated cardiovascular aging.
637:"Natural Sleep and Its Seasonal Variations in Three Pre-industrial Societies"
283:"Censo de Población y Vivienda 2012 Bolivia Características de la Población"
257:
745:
685:
670:
569:
481:
586:
413:
171:. The Tsimané are the main residents of the T’simane Council Territory (
148:
74:
722:
225:
601:"The awake ape: Why people sleep less than their primate relatives"
340:
Las identidades en las grandes regiones de
Bolivia, Fascículo Nº2
749:
727:
741:
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/03/170317132004.htm
509:
287:
Instituto
Nacional de Estadística, República de Bolivia
414:"The UNM-UCSB Tsimane Health and Life History Project"
357:. La Paz, Bolivia: Fundación Tierra. pp. 143–44.
999:
957:
899:
853:
783:
502:"Age Doesn't Mean Heart Disease For Bolivian Tribe"
119:
109:
93:
60:
50:
342:. La Paz, Bolivia: Fundación UNIR. pp. 19–20.
686:"Parasitic worm 'increases' women's fertility'"
761:
431:
429:
8:
29:
728:The Tsimane Health and Life History Project
954:
768:
754:
746:
35:
28:
660:
612:
559:
549:
471:
461:
318:
316:
300:
298:
296:
274:
718:National Museum of the American Indian
684:Gallagher, James (20 November 2015).
7:
733:Pueblos Indíginas de Bolivia: Chiman
599:Preston, Elizabeth (28 April 2022).
400:"The Tsimane' Amazonian Panel Study"
208:The Tsimané have their own language
61:Regions with significant populations
14:
1043:Hunter-gatherers of South America
1038:Indigenous peoples of the Amazon
844:
79:
67:
177:Territorio del Consejo T’simane
949:Mamoré–Guaporé linguistic area
1:
1033:Indigenous peoples in Bolivia
723:Tsimane Amazonian Panel Study
326:Countries and Their Cultures.
463:10.1371/journal.pone.0006590
210:Tsimané, also called Mosetan
16:Indigenous people of Bolivia
115:Traditional tribal religion
41:Photo taken in 1913 during
1064:
18:
842:
653:10.1016/j.cub.2015.09.046
614:10.1146/knowable-042822-1
551:10.1186/s13059-016-1030-0
385:Bottazzi, Patrick (2014)
124:
114:
98:
65:
55:
34:
777:Jesuit Missions of Moxos
714:Tsimané material culture
151:, living chiefly in the
45:'s expedition in Bolivia
338:Fundación UNIR (2009).
328:Retrieved 2 March 2012.
185:subsistence agriculture
183:. They are primarily a
310:Retrieved 22 Feb 2012.
176:
19:For the language, see
370:A grammar of Mosetén,
190:Native Community Land
120:Related ethnic groups
262:Ascaris lumbricoides
169:Santa Ana del Yacuma
161:San Ignacio de Moxos
135:, also known as the
454:2009PLoSO...4.6590G
230:swidden agriculture
181:Pilón Lajas Reserve
43:Erland Nordenskiöld
31:
607:. Annual Reviews.
582:Alejandro Millán,
506:Talk of the Nation
155:municipalities of
1020:
1019:
995:
994:
647:(21): 2862–2868.
605:Knowable Magazine
374:Mouton de Gruyter
367:Sakel, Jeanette
145:indigenous people
129:
128:
1055:
955:
848:
770:
763:
756:
747:
737:
701:
700:
698:
696:
681:
675:
674:
664:
632:
626:
625:
623:
621:
616:
596:
590:
580:
574:
573:
563:
553:
526:
520:
519:
517:
516:
498:
492:
491:
489:
488:
475:
465:
433:
424:
423:
421:
420:
410:
404:
403:
396:
390:
383:
377:
365:
359:
358:
350:
344:
343:
335:
329:
320:
311:
302:
291:
290:
279:
243:epigenetic clock
214:language isolate
85:
83:
82:
73:
71:
70:
51:Total population
39:
32:
21:Tsimané language
1063:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1048:Beni Department
1023:
1022:
1021:
1016:
1012:Beni Department
991:
953:
895:
849:
840:
836:Santa Magdalena
779:
774:
735:
710:
705:
704:
694:
692:
683:
682:
678:
641:Current Biology
634:
633:
629:
619:
617:
598:
597:
593:
581:
577:
528:
527:
523:
514:
512:
500:
499:
495:
486:
484:
435:
434:
427:
418:
416:
412:
411:
407:
398:
397:
393:
384:
380:
366:
362:
352:
351:
347:
337:
336:
332:
321:
314:
303:
294:
281:
280:
276:
271:
238:
222:
206:
198:
153:Beni Department
80:
78:
68:
66:
46:
27:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1061:
1059:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1025:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1003:
1001:
997:
996:
993:
992:
990:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
963:
961:
952:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
905:
903:
897:
896:
894:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
857:
855:
851:
850:
843:
841:
839:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
787:
785:
781:
780:
775:
773:
772:
765:
758:
750:
744:
743:
738:
730:
725:
720:
709:
708:External links
706:
703:
702:
676:
627:
591:
589:17 August 2024
575:
521:
493:
425:
405:
391:
378:
360:
345:
330:
312:
292:
273:
272:
270:
267:
237:
234:
221:
218:
205:
202:
197:
194:
127:
126:
122:
121:
117:
116:
112:
111:
107:
106:
96:
95:
91:
90:
63:
62:
58:
57:
53:
52:
48:
47:
40:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1060:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1002:
998:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
964:
962:
960:
956:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
906:
904:
902:
898:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
858:
856:
852:
847:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
788:
786:
782:
778:
771:
766:
764:
759:
757:
752:
751:
748:
742:
739:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
715:
712:
711:
707:
691:
687:
680:
677:
672:
668:
663:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
631:
628:
615:
610:
606:
602:
595:
592:
588:
585:
579:
576:
571:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
543:
539:
538:
533:
525:
522:
511:
507:
503:
497:
494:
483:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
432:
430:
426:
415:
409:
406:
401:
395:
392:
388:
382:
379:
375:
372:
371:
364:
361:
356:
349:
346:
341:
334:
331:
327:
324:
319:
317:
313:
309:
306:
301:
299:
297:
293:
289:. p. 29.
288:
284:
278:
275:
268:
266:
264:
263:
259:
254:
250:
248:
244:
235:
233:
231:
227:
219:
217:
215:
212:, which is a
211:
203:
201:
195:
193:
191:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
123:
118:
113:
108:
105:
101:
97:
92:
88:
76:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
38:
33:
22:
1007:Beni savanna
890:
816:Santos Reyes
736:(in Spanish)
693:. Retrieved
689:
679:
644:
640:
630:
618:. Retrieved
604:
594:
578:
541:
535:
524:
513:. Retrieved
505:
496:
485:. Retrieved
448:(8): e6590.
445:
441:
417:. Retrieved
408:
394:
386:
381:
369:
363:
354:
348:
339:
333:
325:
307:
286:
277:
260:
255:
251:
239:
223:
207:
199:
165:Rurrenabaque
140:
136:
132:
130:
26:Ethnic group
826:San Joaquín
801:San Ignacio
695:20 November
537:Genome Biol
308:Ethnologue.
220:Subsistence
147:of lowland
1027:Categories
959:Chapacuran
821:Exaltación
806:San Javier
544:(1): 171.
515:2009-08-14
487:2009-08-14
419:2009-08-14
323:"Chimane."
305:"Tsimané."
179:) and the
1000:Geography
972:Chapacura
919:Canichana
901:Languages
871:Canichana
831:Santa Ana
811:San Borja
258:roundworm
157:San Borja
143:, are an
94:Languages
982:Rocorona
944:Reyesano
929:Cayubaba
881:Cayuvava
796:Trinidad
784:Missions
690:BBC News
671:26480842
587:BBC News
570:27511193
482:19668697
442:PLOS ONE
228:through
204:Language
192:or TCO.
137:Tsimane'
125:Mosetén
110:Religion
987:Quitemo
939:Tsimané
934:Itonama
891:Tsimané
886:Itonama
854:Peoples
662:4720388
561:4980791
473:2722089
450:Bibcode
173:Spanish
149:Bolivia
141:Chimane
133:Tsimané
104:Spanish
100:Tsimané
75:Bolivia
30:Tsimané
977:Napeca
924:Movima
876:Movima
791:Loreto
669:
659:
620:2 June
568:
558:
480:
470:
236:Health
226:manioc
167:, and
84:
72:
56:16,958
967:Itene
914:Baure
866:Baure
269:Notes
909:Moxo
861:Mojo
697:2015
667:PMID
622:2022
566:PMID
478:PMID
196:Name
131:The
87:Beni
657:PMC
649:doi
609:doi
556:PMC
546:doi
510:NPR
468:PMC
458:doi
247:HDL
139:or
1029::
716:,
688:.
665:.
655:.
645:25
643:.
639:.
603:.
564:.
554:.
542:17
540:.
534:.
508:.
504:.
476:.
466:.
456:.
444:.
440:.
428:^
315:^
295:^
285:.
175::
163:,
159:,
102:,
769:e
762:t
755:v
699:.
673:.
651::
624:.
611::
572:.
548::
518:.
490:.
460::
452::
446:4
422:.
402:.
89:)
77:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
