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661:. As of July 2018, distribution in the UK and Ireland was handled by C&C Group PLC. The Tsingtao brand is sold in 62 countries and regions around the world, and accounts for more than 50% of China's beer exports. According to the company's financial figures from 2010, Tsingtao saw a 6.6% year-on-year revenue increase from sales to Hong Kong and other overseas markets.
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The festival is usually held in late August and lasts for 14 days. During the festival, there are shows in the city and people enjoy many varieties of international beer instead of only
Tsingtao. Nowadays the International Beer Festival is not meant simply to publicize the Tsingtao Brewery, but also
286:
In 2016, Tsingtao beer was the second most consumed beer globally and had reached 2.8% share of the global beer market, after its share of the world's beer market had been steadily growing by at least 0.1 percentage points every year since 2009. Tsingtao is currently the sixth largest brewery in the
413:). The Japanese military administration in Qingdao approved the liquidation on September 9, 1916. German equity was approximately 70 percent. The German share of the sales price attributable to shareholders was in the hands of the liquidators by April 2, 1921.
271:, with about 15% of domestic market share and also accounts for half of China's national beer exports. The brewery was founded in 1903 as an Anglo–German business with the brewery under the supervision of master brewers from Germany in Tsingtao (modern-day
721:
in 1991 and received approval and support from the
Qingdao municipal administration, even to the extent that the city became the main sponsor. The first festival was opened on June 23, 1991, and has been held annually ever since. The festival was named
708:
The brewery had previously used nationalistic marketing strategies, and after the switchover to production using only domestic material this nationalist marketing effort was increased. However, the brewery still maintained its international roots.
465:
The company was privatized in the early 1990s and in 1993 merged with three other breweries in
Qingdao and was finally renamed Tsingtao Brewery Company Limited. In June 1993, Tsingtao Brewery became the first Chinese firm listed on the
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in the early 1980s facilitated exportation. However, while concentrating on international markets, the brewery also attempted to sell its beer on the domestic market and competed with other domestic brands as well as foreign brands.
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for $ 667 million. The sale would make Asahi
Breweries, Ltd. the second largest shareholder in Tsingtao behind only the Tsingtao Brewery Group. On May 9, 2009, Anheuser-Busch InBev sold its remaining 7% to Chinese tycoon
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in 1972, and soon became the top-selling
Chinese beer in the U.S. market; it has maintained this leadership within the United States ever since, despite increasing competition from other well known Chinese beer brands,
882:
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Spring", which contributed to its characteristic flavor, but that now applies only to beer produced in
Qingdao, and not to those produced in the company's other breweries.
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which owned it until 1916. The brewery sold beers to mainly
Europeans in China. The brewery was founded on August 15, 1903, as the Germania-Brauerei Tsingtao Co., Ltd (
645:. The Good Harvest of Five Grains Corporation also tried to market the beer in Hong Kong itself and later built a wholesale network consisting of up to 300 companies.
502:
announced that it would sell its 20 percent share in
Tsingtao which it had owned since 2009; the value of this share of the company was estimated at US$ 1.1 billion.
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Beer
Festival" to attract foreigners as well as Chinese, although the main purpose of the festival was to make the brand more popular for domestic consumers.
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1904:
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1240:
Yang, Zhiguo (April 2007). "This Beer Tastes Really Good': Nationalism, Consumer
Culture and Development of the Beer Industry in Qingdao, 1903-1993".
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437:, the Tsingtao Brewery was turned into a Chinese brewery under ownership of the Tsui family and the supervision of the Nationalist government in
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and claimed to promote good health. The alcohol content of export versions may vary slightly from those for the domestic market.
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of the People's Republic by the West, the brewery was forced to use domestic products, and the government encouraged peasants in
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The beer market in China was very underdeveloped in the 1980s and the brewery was forced to concentrate on overseas markets. The
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confiscated all the shares in the Tsingtao Brewery, that had previously belonged to the Tsui family, and the business became a
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The brewery also produces a number of other beers, mostly for the local market. Those sometimes found outside China include
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Before the 1949 takeover by the new PRC government, the brewery had used imported raw material and water from the
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Brewery) with a paid-in capital of 400,000 Mexican silver dollars divided into 4,000 shares priced at $ 100 each.
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Tsingtao Brewery was founded by the Anglo-German Brewery Co. Ltd., an English-German joint stock company based in
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395:, Qingdao came under Japanese military control. On August 16, 1916, an extraordinary general meeting was held in
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477:. The company once owned several other breweries in China, some of which also produced Tsingtao Beer.
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399:. Liquidators were appointed and it was decided the company would be sold to the Dai-Nippon Brewery (
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The main export company for the brewery was the "Good Harvest of Five Grains Corporation" based in
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705:) themselves. The government used various incentives, like free seeds, to achieve this goal.
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1277:"Tsingtao responds to viral video showing a Chinese beer worker urinating into a tank"
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915:"How German Settlers in China Created One of the World's Most Consumed Beers — RADII"
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602:. Tsingtao Beer was long advertized as being "brewed with mineral water from the
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On January 23, 2009, Anheuser-Busch InBev announced that it was selling 19.9% to
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Sovereign Funds: How the Communist Party of China Finances its Global Ambitions
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world. Its logo displays an image of Huilan Pavilion that stands on the end of
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On October 23, 2023, a video of a worker urinating into a brewery tank went
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Past packaging of Tsingtao Beer in a display at the Qingdao Beer Museum
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Alcoholic Beverages in China - Industry Profile by datamonitor.com
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Anheuser-Busch InBev to Sell Minority Stake in Tsingtao to Asahi
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992:""Beer with Chinese Characteristics": Marketing Beer Under Mao"
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Politisches Archiv des Auswärtiges Amt, R 85 365 (in German)
990:
Pilcher, Jeffrey; Wang, Yu; Guo, Yuebin Jackson (June 2018).
3855:
Companies formerly in the Hang Seng China Enterprises Index
3880:
Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Shandong
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to encourage the development of Qingdao's beer culture.
673:
A double-decker bus with Tsingtao beer advertisement in
1163:"Asahi Selects Morgan Stanley to Sell Tsingtao Holding"
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3000:
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1988:
1935:
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1055:"Germania Brauerei und ihre Angestellten 1903-1914"
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919:Stories from the center of China’s youth culture
384:The first beer was served on December 22, 1904.
3860:Companies listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange
717:The brewery first applied for permission for a
697:to harvest the necessary raw materials (mainly
1057:[Germania Brewery and its Employees].
941:"The 10 best-selling beer brands in the world"
400:
1898:
1353:
490:
473:At one point 27% of the company was owned by
64:
8:
3865:Food and drink companies established in 1903
32:
3366:and infused distilled drinks by ingredients
552:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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1932:
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31:
1217:. Thechinaperspective.com. Archived from
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1010:
966:"Huilan Pavilion | , China | Attractions"
836:
834:
572:Learn how and when to remove this message
433:and its retreat from China at the end of
364:Heinrich Seifart (1904–November 25, 1907)
311:Founding members of the Supervisory Board
3870:Manufacturing companies based in Qingdao
509:
830:
291:, located on Qingdao's southern shore.
621:, a 4.5% abv green pilsner colored by
1275:Gilchrist, Karen (October 23, 2023).
367:Ernst Siemssen (November 1907 – 1914)
7:
999:Revista de Administração de Empresas
848:Official website of Tsingtao Brewery
648:Tsingtao Beer was introduced to the
550:adding citations to reliable sources
405:, which in 1949 would be split into
3875:Buildings and structures in Qingdao
719:Qingdao International Beer Festival
685:mountain. With the outbreak of the
1191:. Tsingtaobeer.com. Archived from
25:
1318:Tsingdao Brewery official website
1369:
1299:
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780:
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321:SC Farnham, Boyd & Co., Ltd.
217:
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33:Tsingtao Brewery Company Limited
429:After Japan's surrender to the
277:Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory
3885:Tourist attractions in Qingdao
1943:History of alcoholic beverages
1242:The Japanese Historical Review
491:
263:
254:
246:
1:
1313:Tsingtao Beer web site for US
1169:. Bloomberg. January 15, 2017
615:Tsingtao Spirulina Green Beer
1053:Matzat, Wilhelm (May 2003).
850:(in Chinese). Archived from
613:(5.2% abv), and more rarely
267:) is China's second largest
106:; 121 years ago
1215:"Profile: Tsingtao Brewery"
1061:(in German). Wilhelm Matzat
810:Beer and breweries in China
713:International Beer Festival
3901:
1091:Liu, Zongyuan Zoe (2023).
1012:10.1590/s0034-759020180310
451:People's Republic of China
328:Gibb, Livingston & Co.
3850:Alcoholic drink companies
3812:
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3357:
2773:
2759:
2102:
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1931:
1920:
1376:Alcoholic drinks in China
820:List of Chinese companies
587:, a well-hopped standard
514:A bottle of Tsingtao beer
401:
239:Tsingtao Brewery Co. Ltd.
65:
46:
37:
3215:Coconut and other palms
2587:Coconut and other palms
1958:History of Bordeaux wine
1254:10.1179/tcr.2007.14.1.29
1189:"Tsingtao Lager History"
1097:Harvard University Press
842:
635:Chinese economic reforms
468:Hong Kong Stock Exchange
425:Brewery in Qingdao, 2007
335:Fearon, Daniel & Co.
202:CN¥29.049 billion (2014)
2043:Drinking establishments
1095:. The Belknap Press of
221:CN¥1.990 billion (2014)
3250:Sugarcane or molasses
2687:Sugarcane or molasses
1926:History and production
678:
515:
455:state-owned enterprise
426:
409:and what later became
380:Martin Wehle (1906–14)
1973:History of Rioja wine
1636:Niulanshan Distillery
1331:May 16, 2014, at the
1308:at Wikimedia Commons
672:
513:
495:) for $ 235 million.
424:
377:R. Schuster (1904–05)
326:Alexander McLeod, of
188:Chairman: Huang Kexin
3684:Mammee apple flower
1963:History of Champagne
1802:Changyu Pioneer Wine
970:www.lonelyplanet.com
546:improve this section
347:J. Jürgen Block, of
333:C. W. Wrightson, of
231:www.tsingtaobeer.com
3845:Chinese beer brands
3734:Sugarcane/molasses
2177:Moscatel de Setúbal
2070:Yeast in winemaking
2058:Yeast in winemaking
1914:Alcoholic beverages
1690:Fermented beverages
619:Tsingtao Green Beer
349:H. Sietas & Co.
251:traditional Chinese
34:
3840:Breweries in China
1968:History of Chianti
1936:History of alcohol
1857:Shangri-La Brewery
1852:San Miguel Brewery
1812:Great Leap Brewing
1566:Hengshui Laobaigan
1105:10.2307/jj.2915805
854:on 1 November 2015
689:and the resulting
679:
665:National marketing
629:Export orientation
611:Tsingtao Dark Beer
516:
427:
264:Qīngdǎo Píjiǔchǎng
243:simplified Chinese
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3824:
3808:
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3511:Chocolate liqueur
3472:Blackthorn shrub
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3352:
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3305:Various starches
3061:Tennessee whiskey
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2754:
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2750:
2722:Various starches
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1978:History of Sherry
1880:
1879:
1842:Lucky Buddha Beer
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1663:Xinghuacun Fenjiu
1578:Jiangsu Shuanggou
1506:
1500:
1494:
1478:Distilled spirits
1304:Media related to
1195:on March 19, 2007
742:on social media.
582:
581:
574:
498:In January 2017,
447:Chinese Civil War
389:Siege of Tsingtao
359:Brewery Directors
342:Slevogt & Co.
236:
235:
16:(Redirected from
3892:
3432:Herbs de Majorca
3406:Anisado Mallorca
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3161:American whiskey
3152:Multiple grains
3041:Buckwheat whisky
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2534:Multiple grains
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2095:Fermented drinks
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1996:Alcohol industry
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939:Heilpern, Will.
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894:
888:. Archived from
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3754:Various fruits
3623:Crème de menthe
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3171:Canadian whisky
3145:Kaoliang liquor
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3016:Japanese whisky
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2941:Various fruits
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2576:Agave americana
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2293:Various fruits
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1984:
1953:History of wine
1948:History of beer
1927:
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1867:Yanjing Brewery
1832:Kingway Brewery
1817:Great Wall Wine
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1333:Wayback Machine
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933:
923:
921:
913:
912:
908:
898:
896:
892:
885:
881:
880:
876:
871:
867:
857:
855:
844:
840:
839:
832:
828:
800:
793:
786:
781:
779:
772:
767:
765:
758:
753:
751:
748:
736:
715:
667:
631:
617:, also sold as
578:
567:
561:
558:
543:
527:
508:
500:Asahi Breweries
482:Asahi Breweries
463:
445:victory in the
419:
417:Nationalization
411:Sapporo Brewery
407:Asahi Breweries
297:
215:
212:
196:
185:
175:
168:
162:
158:
146:
134:
110:
108:
105:
87:
61:
54:
28:
27:Chinese brewery
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3898:
3896:
3888:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3832:
3831:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3819:
3813:
3810:
3809:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3800:
3792:
3791:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3752:
3751:
3750:
3742:
3741:
3740:
3732:
3731:
3730:
3725:
3717:
3716:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3692:
3691:
3690:
3682:
3681:
3680:
3675:
3667:
3666:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3602:
3601:
3600:
3592:
3591:
3590:
3585:
3577:
3576:
3575:
3570:
3562:
3561:
3560:
3555:
3547:
3546:
3545:
3537:
3536:
3535:
3525:
3524:
3523:
3515:
3514:
3513:
3505:
3504:
3503:
3497:Chili peppers
3495:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3486:Cherry Heering
3480:
3479:
3478:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3434:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3396:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3381:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3362:
3355:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3284:Seco Herrerano
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3213:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3115:
3114:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3096:Mixiang Baijiu
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3035:
3034:
3033:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2994:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2939:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2837:
2836:
2835:
2827:
2826:
2825:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2790:
2781:
2779:
2771:
2770:
2768:by ingredients
2764:
2757:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2675:
2674:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2650:
2649:
2648:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2630:
2629:
2628:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2585:
2584:
2583:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2522:
2521:
2520:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2382:
2381:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2291:
2290:
2289:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2231:
2230:
2229:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2110:
2108:
2100:
2099:
2097:by ingredients
2093:
2086:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2003:
1998:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1950:
1945:
1939:
1937:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1887:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1822:Harbin Brewery
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1793:
1791:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1761:
1756:
1746:
1741:
1700:
1694:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1638:
1633:
1631:Luzhou Laojiao
1628:
1616:
1611:
1599:
1587:
1575:
1563:
1554:Gujing Gongjiu
1551:
1539:
1533:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1519:Guihua Chenjiu
1516:
1514:Changyu Brandy
1511:
1508:Mixiang Baijiu
1482:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1394:
1388:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1357:
1350:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1323:
1315:
1296:
1295:External links
1293:
1291:
1290:
1267:
1232:
1206:
1180:
1167:Bloomberg News
1154:
1128:
1113:
1083:
1072:
1034:
1005:(3): 303–315.
982:
957:
931:
906:
874:
865:
829:
827:
824:
823:
822:
817:
812:
806:
805:
791:
777:
774:Germany portal
763:
747:
744:
735:
732:
714:
711:
666:
663:
630:
627:
580:
579:
530:
528:
521:
507:
504:
475:Anheuser-Busch
462:
459:
418:
415:
387:Following the
382:
381:
378:
374:
373:
369:
368:
365:
361:
360:
356:
355:
345:
338:
331:
324:
313:
312:
296:
293:
234:
233:
228:
224:
223:
213:
208:
205:
204:
194:
190:
189:
186:
183:
180:
179:
176:
173:
170:
169:
164:
122:
120:
116:
115:
102:
98:
97:
88:
83:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
62:
59:
56:
55:
52:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3897:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3828:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3811:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3739:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3708:Grand Marnier
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3568:Cream liqueur
3566:
3565:
3563:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3526:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3356:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3146:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3022:
3021:Scotch whisky
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3011:Irish whiskey
3009:
3008:
3006:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2799:Cashew apple
2798:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2758:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2711:Fermented tea
2709:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2493:Shaoxing wine
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2283:Prickly pear
2282:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2087:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1908:
1903:
1901:
1896:
1894:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1837:Lhasa Brewery
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1775:
1769:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1738:Xionghuangjiu
1733:
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1468:Rice wine cup
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734:Controversies
733:
731:
727:
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724:International
720:
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585:Tsingtao Beer
576:
573:
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547:
541:
540:
536:
531:This section
529:
525:
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519:
512:
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488:
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478:
476:
471:
469:
461:Privatization
460:
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329:
325:
322:
318:
317:John Prentice
315:
314:
310:
309:
308:
306:
302:
294:
292:
290:
289:Zhanqiao Pier
284:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
260:
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232:
229:
225:
214:
211:
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181:
178:Global export
177:
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78:
75:
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63:
57:
50:
45:
41:
36:
30:
19:
18:Tsingtao Beer
3827:
3056:Corn whiskey
2960:Himbeergeist
2813:Kirschwasser
2575:
2273:Pomegranate
2167:Marsala wine
2162:Madeira wine
2053:Simple syrup
2048:Fermentation
2038:Distillation
1861:
1529:Distilleries
1321:(in Chinese)
1298:
1281:. Retrieved
1270:
1248:(1): 29–58.
1245:
1241:
1235:
1223:. Retrieved
1219:the original
1209:
1197:. Retrieved
1193:the original
1183:
1171:. Retrieved
1166:
1157:
1145:. Retrieved
1137:
1131:
1092:
1086:
1080:
1075:
1063:. Retrieved
1059:tsingtau.org
1058:
1002:
998:
985:
975:December 11,
973:. Retrieved
969:
960:
950:December 11,
948:. Retrieved
944:
934:
924:December 11,
922:. Retrieved
918:
909:
897:. Retrieved
890:the original
883:"China Beer"
877:
868:
856:. Retrieved
852:the original
847:
760:China portal
737:
728:
723:
716:
707:
680:
647:
640:
632:
618:
614:
610:
608:
596:
584:
583:
568:
559:
544:Please help
532:
497:
479:
472:
464:
435:World War II
428:
386:
383:
304:
298:
285:
262:
238:
237:
119:Headquarters
73:Company type
29:
3719:Star anise
3613:Bénédictine
3573:Irish cream
3309:Aguardiente
3254:Aguardiente
3126:Rye whiskey
2636:Ginger wine
2353:Barley wine
2317:Mulled wine
2267:Plum jerkum
2237:Lychee wine
2227:Longan wine
2152:Bokbunja-ju
2142:Bignay wine
2132:Banana wine
2127:Banana beer
2001:Bathtub gin
1720:Shaoxingjiu
1710: [
1707:Chengangjiu
1676: [
1644: [
1622: [
1605: [
1593: [
1590:Jiannanchun
1581: [
1569: [
1557: [
1545: [
1459: [
1422: [
1400: [
1283:November 1,
1225:November 7,
1199:November 7,
1173:February 1,
815:Harbin Beer
802:Beer portal
393:World War I
372:Brewmasters
174:Area served
60:Native name
3834:Categories
3778:Limoncello
3713:Triple sec
3688:Eau créole
3658:Irish Mist
3643:Bärenjäger
3598:Frangelico
3528:Cloudberry
3507:Chocolate
3491:Maraschino
3037:Buckwheat
2950:Eau de vie
2253:Pineapple
2217:Duhat wine
2213:Java plum
2207:White wine
2065:Winemaking
1989:Production
1123:jj.2915805
858:1 December
826:References
687:Korean War
599:Draft Beer
589:pale lager
487:Chen Fashu
449:, the new
344:, Shanghai
337:, Shanghai
330:, Shanghai
323:, Shanghai
210:Net income
184:Key people
3763:Cedratine
3728:Sassolino
3698:Cointreau
3618:Brennivín
3594:Hazelnut
3558:Tia Maria
3517:Cinnamon
3501:Pertsivka
3466:Bierlikör
3269:Desi daru
3031:Bierbrand
2925:Tsikoudia
2888:Slivovitz
2788:Applejack
2666:Kabarawan
2642:Galangal
2596:Palm wine
2473:Rice wine
2453:Makgeolli
2388:Oshikundu
2307:Hippocras
2192:Rosé wine
2182:Port wine
2148:Bokbunja
2021:Lautering
1785:Breweries
1658:Xifengjiu
1653:Wuliangye
1602:Jiuguijiu
1384:Drinkware
1262:145631277
1029:150729891
1021:2178-938X
675:Hong Kong
643:Hong Kong
623:spirulina
597:Tsingtao
562:July 2016
533:does not
443:Communist
301:Hong Kong
85:Traded as
3788:Sloe gin
3783:Schnapps
3748:Licor 43
3744:Vanilla
3738:Charanda
3669:Juniper
3648:Drambuie
3583:Advocaat
3539:Coconut
3476:Patxaran
3415:Anisette
3394:Absinthe
3379:Amaretto
3364:Liqueurs
3229:Lambanog
3137:Sorghum
3076:Cheongju
2930:Tsipouro
2874:Juniper
2848:Armagnac
2793:Calvados
2736:Parakari
2716:Kombucha
2616:Tunggang
2591:Bahalina
2558:Huangjiu
2524:Sorghum
2478:Rượu cần
2443:Gwaha-ju
2378:Tesgüino
2302:Dubonnet
2297:Conditum
2287:Colonche
2202:Vermouth
2187:Red wine
2172:Mistelle
1827:Cheerday
1789:wineries
1764:Putaojiu
1744:Lizhijiu
1703:Huangjiu
1698:Gouqijiu
1496:Kaoliang
1490:Erguotou
1329:Archived
1147:June 13,
899:June 13,
746:See also
695:Shandong
655:Zhujiang
591:of 4.7%
397:Shanghai
305:Germania
160:Shanghai
136:Jiujiang
128:Shandong
66:青岛啤酒股份公司
3794:Walnut
3758:Campari
3703:Curaçao
3694:Orange
3678:Jenever
3663:Krupnik
3608:Aquavit
3549:Coffee
3521:Tentura
3482:Cherry
3456:Sambuca
3441:Mastika
3425:Hierbas
3399:Anisado
3375:Almond
3324:Horilka
3314:Akvavit
3264:Clairin
3259:Cachaça
3209:Tequila
3086:Lao-Lao
3071:Awamori
3007:Barley
3001:Cereals
2990:Schnaps
2980:Pálinka
2970:Nalewka
2935:Zivania
2868:Zivania
2809:Cherry
2766:Liquors
2632:Ginger
2468:Pangasi
2428:Choujiu
2408:Amazake
2384:Millet
2373:Tejuino
2349:Barley
2343:Cereals
2332:Sangria
2257:Tepache
2233:Lychee
2223:Longan
2138:Bignay
2123:Banana
2016:Malting
2011:Brewery
2006:Brewing
1807:CR Snow
1797:Beijing
1774:Ningxia
1768:Museles
1753:Choujiu
1732:Liaojiu
1726:Huadiao
1673:Yingjia
1619:Langjiu
1065:June 9,
691:embargo
683:Laoshan
659:Yanjing
604:Laoshan
554:removed
539:sources
439:Nanjing
391:during
295:History
273:Qingdao
269:brewery
227:Website
193:Revenue
140:Jiangxi
124:Qingdao
109: (
101:Founded
3798:Nocino
3723:Pastis
3653:Glayva
3639:Honey
3633:Unicum
3628:Metaxa
3604:Herbs
3588:Eggnog
3564:Cream
3553:Kahlúa
3543:Malibu
3390:Anise
3334:Shōchū
3329:Poitín
3319:Bangla
3299:Tharra
3240:Dairy
3224:Laksoy
3219:Arrack
3204:Mezcal
3181:Whisky
3176:Shōchū
3166:Baijiu
3141:Baijiu
3131:Starka
3101:Shochu
3091:Lihing
3081:Cholai
3047:Maize
2945:Brandy
2910:Grappa
2905:Chacha
2900:Pomace
2858:Cognac
2853:Brandy
2839:Grape
2833:Boukha
2819:Dates
2784:Apple
2741:Ibwatu
2731:Chicha
2677:Sugar
2652:Honey
2622:Dairy
2581:Pulque
2528:Pendhā
2448:Hariya
2438:Dansul
2418:Beopju
2393:Tongba
2322:Nabidh
2197:Sherry
2158:Grape
2113:Apple
1787:&
1668:Yanghe
1502:Maotai
1486:Baijiu
1279:. CNBC
1260:
1121:
1111:
1027:
1019:
703:barley
431:Allies
261::
259:pinyin
253::
245::
95:600600
77:Public
3533:Lakka
3462:Beer
3339:Vodka
3289:Sulai
3274:Guaro
3244:Arkhi
3234:Sotol
3199:Agave
3192:Other
3111:Sulai
3067:Rice
3027:Beer
2985:Rakia
2955:Geist
2920:Orujo
2893:Țuică
2884:Plum
2863:Pisco
2823:Araqi
2778:Fruit
2726:Cauim
2701:Palek
2696:Intus
2681:Kilju
2661:Byais
2646:Byais
2626:Kumis
2611:Tuhak
2569:Other
2518:Kvass
2508:Tapuy
2503:Tapai
2498:Sonti
2463:Mirin
2458:Mijiu
2433:Chuak
2403:Agkud
2399:Rice
2368:Pozol
2363:Mageu
2359:Corn
2327:Pruno
2312:Jabol
2277:Rimon
2263:Plum
2247:Perry
2243:Pear
2117:Cider
2107:Fruit
2031:Yeast
1759:Pijiu
1749:Mijiu
1714:]
1680:]
1648:]
1641:Shede
1626:]
1609:]
1597:]
1585:]
1573:]
1561:]
1549:]
1463:]
1431:Guang
1426:]
1404:]
1258:S2CID
1142:(PDF)
1119:JSTOR
1025:S2CID
995:(PDF)
893:(PDF)
886:(PDF)
740:viral
506:Beers
402:大日本麦酒
319:, of
255:青島啤酒廠
247:青岛啤酒厂
166:China
156:China
152:Anhui
148:Hefei
144:China
132:China
3817:List
3579:Egg
3451:Rakı
3446:Ouzo
3420:Arak
3294:Sura
3121:Korn
3117:Rye
3106:Soju
2975:Oghi
2915:Marc
2843:Arak
2829:Fig
2803:Feni
2707:Tea
2691:Basi
2671:Mead
2656:Bais
2606:Tubâ
2601:Tuak
2553:Boza
2548:Beer
2514:Rye
2488:Sato
2483:Sake
2423:Brem
2026:Wort
1847:Reeb
1397:Jiao
1285:2023
1227:2012
1201:2012
1175:2017
1149:2013
1109:ISBN
1067:2010
1017:ISSN
977:2022
952:2022
926:2022
901:2013
860:2015
843:公司简介
701:and
699:hops
657:and
537:any
535:cite
353:Qufu
111:1903
104:1903
3673:Gin
3279:Rum
3156:Ara
2878:Gin
2543:Ara
2538:Ale
2413:Apo
1456:Por
1451:Lei
1441:You
1436:Zun
1419:Zhi
1409:Jia
1392:Jue
1250:doi
1101:doi
1007:doi
593:abv
548:by
492:陈发树
275:),
91:SSE
3836::
1712:zh
1678:zh
1646:zh
1624:zh
1607:zh
1595:zh
1583:zh
1571:zh
1559:zh
1547:zh
1461:zh
1446:Hu
1424:zh
1414:Gu
1402:zh
1256:.
1246:14
1244:.
1165:.
1117:.
1107:.
1099:.
1037:^
1023:.
1015:.
1003:58
1001:.
997:.
968:.
943:.
917:.
846:.
833:^
470:.
457:.
351:,
283:.
257:;
249:;
163:,
154:,
150:,
142:,
138:,
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
