291:, a condition that affects about one in 4,500 women. The procedure used an embryo from a laboratory, created using the woman's ovum and her husband's sperm, which was then implanted into the transplanted uterus. The uterus may have been damaged in the course of the caesarian delivery and it may or may not be suitable for future pregnancies. A regimen of triple immuno-suppression was used with
377:
On August 23, 2023, doctors at the
Churchill Hospital Oxford in the U.K. conducted the country's first uterus transplant. They removed the uterus from a 40-year-old woman and transplanted it to her 34-year-old sister, who had a rare condition that affected her ability to reproduce. A team of experts
368:
at
Hospital das ClĂnicas da USP in December 2017. The surgery was performed by a team of doctors at Hospital das ClĂnicas da USP and led by Dani Ejzenberg, the head of the Human Reproductive Center at the hospital. Results of this procedure, the first to be performed in Latin America, were published
1190:
Brännström, Mats; Johannesson, Liza; Dahm-Kähler, Pernilla; Enskog, Anders; Mölne, Johan; Kvarnström, Niclas; Diaz-Garcia, Cesar; Hanafy, Ash; Lundmark, Cecilia; Marcickiewicz, Janusz; Gäbel, Markus; Groth, Klaus; Akouri, Randa; Eklind, Saskia; Holgersson, Jan; Tzakis, Andreas; Olausson, Michael
496:
in 2012. The
Montreal Criteria are a set of criteria deemed to be required for the ethical execution of the uterine transplant in humans. These findings were presented at the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics' 20th World Congress in Rome in October 2012. In 2013 an update to
1684:
Ejzenberg, Dani; Andraus, Wellington; Baratelli
Carelli Mendes, Luana Regina; Ducatti, Liliana; Song, Alice; Tanigawa, Ryan; Rocha-Santos, Vinicius; MacEdo Arantes, Rubens; Soares, José Maria; Serafini, Paulo Cesar; Bertocco De Paiva Haddad, Luciana; Pulcinelli Francisco, Rossana; Carneiro
439:
Uterine transplantation starts with the uterus retrieval surgery on the donor. Working techniques for this exist for animals, including primates and more recently humans. The recovered uterus may need to be stored, for example for transportation to the location of the recipient. Studies on
523:). The recipient needs to be considered suitable for motherhood, deemed to be psychologically fit on evaluation, is likely to be compliant with treatment and the medical team, and understands the risks of the procedure. In 2021, a revision to the Montreal Criteria was published in
421:
The procedure remains the last resort: it is a relatively new and somewhat experimental procedure, performed only by certain specialist surgeons in select centres, it is expensive and unlikely to be covered by insurance, and it involves risk of infection and organ rejection. Some
538:
The health care team belongs to an institution that meets Moore's third criterion regarding institutional stability and has provided informed consent to both parties. There is no conflict of interests, and anonymity can be protected unless recipient or donor waive this
343:
took place on 18 May 2017 at the Galaxy Care
Hospital in Pune, Maharashtra. The 26-year-old patient had been born without a uterus, and received her mother's womb in the transplant. India's first uterine transplant baby, weighing 1.45 kg, was delivered through a
2143:
Wranning, Caiza Almen; El-Akouri, Randa Racho; Lundmark, Cecilia; Dahm-Kahler, Pernilla; Molne, Johan; Enskog, Anders; Brännström, Mats (2006). "Auto-transplantation of the uterus in the domestic pig (Sus scrofa): Surgical technique and early reperfusion events".
1332:
Brännström, M.; Johannesson, L.; Bokström, H.; Kvarnström, N.; Mölne, J.; Dahm-Kähler, P.; Enskog, A.; Milenkovic, M.; Ekberg, J.; Diaz-Garcia, C.; Gäbel, M.; Hanafy, A.; Hagberg, H.; Olausson, M.; Nilsson, L. (2014). "Livebirth after uterus transplantation".
2099:
Dahm-Kähler, Pernilla; Wranning, Caiza; Lundmark, Cecilia; Enskog, Anders; Mölne, Johan; Marcickiewicz, Janusz; El-Akouri, Randa Racho; McCracken, John; et al. (2008). "Transplantation of the uterus in sheep: Methodology and early reperfusion events".
225:, on Derya Sert, a 21-year-old patient who'd been born without a uterus. In this case, the patient enjoyed long-term success with the transplanted uterus, experiencing periods and, two years post-surgery, pregnancy. During that pregnancy, Sert underwent an
534:
The donor is a female of reproductive age with no contraindication to the procedure who has concluded her childbearing or consented donating her uterus after her death. There is no coercion and the donor is responsible and capable of making informed
2662:
2063:
Enskog, A.; Johannesson, L.; Chai, D. C.; Dahm-Kahler, P.; Marcickiewicz, J.; Nyachieo, A.; Mwenda, J. M.; Brännström, M. (2 June 2010). "Uterus transplantation in the baboon: methodology and long-term function after auto-transplantation".
514:
The recipient is a genetic female, with the ability to consent, with no medical contraindications to transplantation, has uterine disease that has failed other therapy, and has "a personal or legal contraindication" to other options
330:
in Dallas, Texas, by Drs Liza
Johannesson and Giuliano Testa, after a uterus donation from a non-directed living donor. The first baby born after a deceased donor uterus transplant in the US was at the Cleveland Clinic in June 2019.
487:
argues against it. In regard to the principles of beneficence and justice the procedure appears equivocal. To address this dilemma the "Montreal
Criteria for the Ethical Feasibility of Uterine Transplantation" were developed at
378:
performed the surgery for 17 hours in total. Prof
Richard Smith, a gynaecological surgeon who led the organ retrieval team, has spent 25 years researching womb transplantation, said that the surgery was a "massive success".
184:
The first modern day attempt at a uterine transplant occurred in 2000, in Saudi Arabia. Wafa Fageeh transplanted a uterus, taken from a 46-year-old patient, into a 26-year-old patient whose uterus had been damaged by
99:, were the first to perform an animal (dog) autotransplantation of the uterus and subsequently deliver a pregnancy from that uterus. In 2010 Diaz-Garcia and co-workers, at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
303:. Three mild rejection episodes occurred, one during the pregnancy, but were all successfully suppressed with medication. Some other women were also reported to be pregnant at that time using transplanted uteri.
143:
for these women, the option of a uterus is unavailable to them, meaning they cannot carry a pregnancy and would need to take other routes to parenthood, whether it be a more traditional approach involving
274:
reported that the baby boy had been born in
September, weighing 1.8 kg (3.9 lb) and that the father had said his son was "amazing". The baby had been delivered prematurely at about 32 weeks, by
1935:
Johannesson, Liza; Diaz-Garcia, Cesar; Leonhardt, Henrik; Dahm-Kähler, Pernilla; Marcickiewicz, Janusz; Olausson, Michael; Brännström, Mats (2012). "Vascular
Pedicle Lengths After Hysterectomy".
1577:
1905:
1531:
Flyckt, R.; Falcone, T.; Quintini, C.; et al. (August 2020), "First birth from a deceased donor uterus in the United States: from severe graft rejection to successful cesarean delivery",
2777:
1657:
426:
specialists consider the risks to a live donor too great, and some find the entire procedure ethically questionable, especially since the transplant is not a life-saving procedure.
1602:
1132:
3101:
283:. The Swedish woman, aged 36, had received a uterus in 2013, from a live 61-year-old donor, in an operation led by Brännström, Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the
1763:
450:
The recipient has to look at potentially three major surgeries. First of all, there is the transplantation surgery. If a pregnancy is established and carried to viability a
3524:
732:
Brännström, Mats; Racowsky, Catherine; Richards, Elliott G.; Flyckt, Rebecca; Stillman, Robert J.; O’Brien, Jeanne E.; Ryan, Ginny L.; de Ziegler, Dominique (June 2023).
323:
had spread to one of the arteries the surgeons had connected to provide blood flow to the transplanted uterus, which damaged the artery and caused blood clots to form.
2370:
319:. The team was led by Dr Andreas Tzakis. The transplant failed due to an undisclosed complication on 8 March, and the uterus was removed. In April, they reported a
3013:
352:
in October 2018. The surgery was performed by a team of doctors at Pune's Galaxy Care Hospital and led by the hospital's medical director, Shailesh Puntambekar.
364:, and therefore born without an uterus, and received a deceased donor's womb in the transplant. Brazil's first uterine transplant baby was delivered through a
2612:
970:
264:
In October 2014, it was announced that, for the first time, a healthy baby had been born to a uterine transplant recipient, at an undisclosed location in
1033:
2224:"Ethical considerations in the era of the uterine transplant: an update of the Montreal Criteria for the Ethical Feasibility of Uterine Transplantation"
1096:
361:
1913:
1110:
991:
3094:
2433:
360:
The first uterine transplant performed in Brazil took place on 2016 at the Hospital das ClĂnicas da USP in SĂŁo Paulo. The 32-year-old patient had
809:
927:
Lefkowitz, Ariel; Edwards, Marcel; Balayla, Jacques (2012). "The Montreal Criteria for the Ethical Feasibility of Uterine Transplantation".
2263:
Balayla J.; Pounds P.; Lasry A.; Volodarsky-Perel A.; Gil A. (2021). "The Montreal Criteria and uterine transplants in transgender women".
588:
Knauer, Emil (1896). "Einige Versuche ĂĽber Ovarientransplantation bei Kaninchen" [An attempt at ovary transplantation in rabbits].
197:, whether or not the case is considered successful is disputed, but the uterus did function for a time, with the patient experiencing two
1731:
237:, but this is a common complication and may not have been related to the transplant. Following another pregnancy that was initiated with
2875:
2756:
2751:
2363:
3345:
3087:
1812:
1457:
1054:
2420:
861:
564:
2187:
Lefkowitz A.; Edwards M.; Balayla J. (2012). "O081 the Montreal Criteria for the Ethical Feasibility of Uterine Transplantation".
2682:
2667:
2398:
2306:
Moore FD (2000). "Ethical problems special to surgery: surgical teaching, surgical innovation, and the surgeon in managed care".
327:
1830:
2796:
1314:
254:
1169:
3529:
2801:
2772:
2746:
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1153:
91:. This led to the investigation of uterine transplantation in 1918. In 1964 and 1966, Eraslan, Hamernik and Hardy, at the
648:
Eraslan, S.; Hamernik, R. J.; Hardy, J. D. (1966). "Replantation of uterus and ovaries in dogs, with successful pregnancy".
1432:
1405:
2677:
2657:
2715:
2642:
3498:
3228:
2720:
1686:
528:
164:(1882–1931). Hoping to have children with her fiancé, she underwent a uterine transplant in 1931, in conjunction with
51:
3111:
2725:
2581:
2503:
1509:
1483:
2473:
3465:
3068:
2607:
2478:
92:
3079:
798:
Kroløkke, C.; Petersen, T.S.; Herrmann, J.R.; Bach, A.S.; Adrian, S.W.; Klingenberg, R.; Petersen, M.N. (2019).
2672:
2498:
391:
284:
136:
114:
As of 2023, more than 100 womb transplants have taken place, with around 50 babies having been born worldwide.
100:
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2343:
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326:
In November 2017, the first baby was born after a uterus transplantation in the US. The birth occurred at
238:
169:
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to a mother who received a transplanted uterus. Kristy Bryant received the uterus in January 2023 at the
3503:
3120:
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2990:
2937:
2901:
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2510:
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1860:
1172:[Derya Sert, receiver of a uterus transplant from a cadaver, has become a mother] (in Turkish).
569:
258:
39:
609:"Transplantation in reproductive medicine: Previous experience, present knowledge and future prospects"
559:
288:
43:
1687:"Livebirth after uterus transplantation from a deceased donor in a recipient with uterine infertility"
3289:
2860:
2617:
2493:
2458:
96:
1603:"India's first uterine transplant to take place on 18 May: Baroda woman to receive womb from mother"
879:
Nair, Anjana; Stega, Jeanetta; Smith, J. Richard; Del Priore, Giuseppe (2008). "Uterus Transplant".
3340:
3223:
3141:
2953:
2448:
2410:
2405:
2393:
1578:"Caso do primeiro bebĂŞ nascido de transplante de Ăştero com doadora falecida Ă© publicado em revista"
444:
399:
157:
108:
84:
47:
510:
The criteria set conditions for the recipient, the donor, and the health care team, specifically:
3415:
3357:
3312:
3284:
2824:
2288:
2204:
2169:
2125:
1960:
1855:
1556:
1368:
952:
904:
804:. Emerald Studies in Reproduction, Culture and Society. Emerald Publishing Limited. p. 154.
714:
455:
218:
160:. Nonetheless, at least one uterine transplant for a trans woman occurred, for the Danish artist
55:
1075:
507:
and has been proposed as the international standard for the ethical execution of the procedure.
193:. Because the patient ultimately needed for the uterus to be removed after just 99 days, due to
683:
DĂaz-GarcĂa, CĂ©sar; Akhi, Shamima N.; Wallin, Ann; Pellicer, Antonio; Brännström, Mats (2010).
3437:
3352:
3261:
3058:
3038:
3033:
2932:
2834:
2586:
2323:
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2245:
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2117:
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2045:
2004:
1952:
1739:
1706:
1548:
1360:
1296:
1255:
1232:
Brännström, Mats; Diaz-Garcia, Cesar; Hanafy, Ash; Olausson, Michael; Tzakis, Andreas (2012).
1214:
944:
896:
805:
799:
755:
706:
665:
630:
549:
489:
365:
345:
132:
201:. Members of the medical community have expressed concerns over the ethics of the procedure.
2880:
2438:
2315:
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2235:
2196:
2153:
2109:
2073:
2035:
1994:
1944:
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1245:
1204:
936:
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745:
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620:
451:
316:
276:
1813:
Australia's first uterus transplant recipient Kirsty Bryant gives birth to healthy baby boy
1012:
214:
3534:
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2705:
2563:
2545:
2463:
2453:
1816:
1488:
484:
300:
234:
230:
198:
734:"Absolute uterine infertility a cornelian dilemma: uterine transplantation or surrogacy?"
661:
1764:"Woman donates her womb to younger sister; Britain's first successful uterus transplant"
1631:
253:
in 2012, the first mother-to-daughter uterine transplant was done by Swedish doctors at
3480:
3245:
3179:
3169:
3151:
2927:
2844:
2637:
2573:
1173:
554:
476:
173:
2200:
1702:
1346:
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3405:
3164:
2995:
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2906:
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2700:
2558:
2553:
2515:
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2240:
2223:
2157:
2113:
1560:
1250:
1233:
1209:
1192:
1076:"Turkish surgeons perform world's first uterus transplant | Family & Health"
940:
750:
733:
312:
280:
2208:
2129:
2024:"Pregnancy after syngeneic uterus transplantation and spontaneous mating in the rat"
1372:
956:
831:
3427:
3367:
3256:
3213:
3208:
3159:
3136:
2922:
2896:
2173:
1964:
908:
718:
459:
411:
296:
209:
The first incidence of a uterine transplant involving a deceased donor occurred in
165:
153:
2022:
Wranning, C. A.; Akhi, S. N.; Diaz-Garcia, C.; Brännström, M. (15 December 2010).
241:
and sustained for 28 weeks, the patient finally delivered a baby on June 4, 2020.
62:(AUFI). Uterine transplant is a potential treatment for this form of infertility.
1948:
701:
684:
17:
3470:
3395:
3273:
3218:
3000:
2652:
2591:
414:
after one or two successful pregnancies. This is done to avoid the need to take
320:
76:
59:
1544:
410:
The transplant is intended to be temporary – recipients will have to undergo a
3460:
3422:
3410:
3400:
3335:
3301:
2319:
292:
270:
190:
186:
1883:
1743:
1386:
625:
608:
499:"The Montreal Criteria for the Ethical Feasibility of Uterine Transplantation
475:
Aside from considerations of costs, uterine transplantation involves complex
2077:
2040:
2023:
1999:
1982:
1433:"Nation's first uterus transplant, performed at the Cleveland Clinic, fails"
1291:
1274:
892:
516:
387:
161:
2327:
2284:
2249:
2165:
2121:
2085:
2049:
2008:
1956:
1788:
1710:
1658:"Asia-Pacific's first post uterus transplant baby birth took place in Pune"
1552:
1364:
1300:
1259:
1218:
948:
900:
773:
759:
710:
462:
needs to be done so that the immuno-suppressive therapy can be terminated.
669:
634:
3361:
3043:
2730:
520:
480:
441:
226:
194:
149:
128:
2348:
1406:"Cleveland Clinic introduces nation's first uterus transplant recipient"
1355:
607:
Nugent, D.; Meirow, D.; Brook, P. F.; Aubard, Y.; Gosden, R. G. (1997).
3372:
2276:
222:
3387:
3324:
3189:
3174:
992:"Revolutionary 'Womb Transplant' performed in Turkey - World's First"
423:
395:
265:
250:
210:
145:
140:
104:
88:
80:
35:
1133:"World's first woman with uterus transplant gets pregnant - HEALTH"
801:
The Cryopolitics of Reproduction on Ice: A New Scandinavian Ice Age
685:"First report on fertility after allogeneic uterus transplantation"
3452:
3128:
340:
1234:"Uterus transplantation: animal research and human possibilities"
1193:"First clinical uterus transplantation trial: a six-month report"
1055:"World's first uterus transplant performed in Turkey/TRT-English"
1013:"World's first womb transplant in Turkey promises hope for women"
2710:
1273:
Brännström, M.; Wranning, C. A.; Altchek, A. (7 November 2009).
349:
3083:
2352:
1632:"Miracle baby: the first uterine transplant baby born in India"
1510:"The first baby in the U.S. born via uterus transplant is here"
83:'s gynecological clinics, published the first study of ovarian
50:, a diseased or absent uterus does not allow normal embryonic
1387:"BBC News - Womb transplant couple 'had no doubt' of success"
1732:"What does it mean to have a uterus transplant? | Explained"
1315:"Woman has healthy baby boy after womb transplant in Sweden"
1685:
d'Albuquerque, Luiz Augusto; Chada Baracat, Edmund (2018).
111:
uterus transplantation, in a rat, with healthy offspring.
418:
for life with a consequent increased risk of infection.
168:, in Germany at the age of 48. However, she developed a
1458:"Yeast Infection Led to Removal of Transplanted Uterus"
386:
On 15 December 2023, the first baby (male) was born in
1831:"Everything You Need To Know About Uterus Transplants"
447:
indicate an ischemic tolerance of more than 24 hours.
58:. This phenomenon is known as absolute uterine factor
1981:
Brännström, M.; Wranning, C. A.; Altchek, A. (2009).
1789:"Woman receives sister's womb in first UK transplant"
1170:"Kadavradan rahim nakli yapılan Derya Sert anne oldu"
774:"Woman receives sister's womb in first UK transplant"
369:
in the medical journal The Lancet, in December 2018.
2189:
International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics
1856:"Medical first: Baby born to woman who got new womb"
3489:
3451:
3386:
3321:
3298:
3270:
3242:
3197:
3188:
3150:
3127:
3026:
2978:
2962:
2946:
2915:
2889:
2853:
2817:
2810:
2765:
2739:
2691:
2626:
2600:
2572:
2544:
2419:
2386:
458:, eventually, after completion of childbearing, a
971:"Turkish woman has world's first womb transplant"
135:are born with a male reproductive system. While
1864:. 2006-2014 Gatehouse Media, Inc. 4 October 2014
1484:"First U.S. Baby Born After a Uterus Transplant"
1034:"HEALTH - Doctors hopeful for uterus transplant"
398:, and fell pregnant within three months through
1097:"Womb transplant recipient Derya Sert pregnant"
855:
853:
851:
527:with an ethical framework for consideration of
483:supports the procedure, while the principle of
454:is performed. As the recipient is treated with
3014:List of organ transplant donors and recipients
2146:Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research
2102:Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research
311:The first uterine transplant performed in the
3095:
2364:
2344:Nine Swedish women undergo uterus transplants
1976:
1974:
1533:American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
1185:
1183:
689:Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
8:
2613:Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder
213:on 9 August 2011; the surgery, performed by
107:, demonstrated the world's first successful
79:, a 29-year-old Austrian working in one of
3194:
3102:
3088:
3080:
2814:
2371:
2357:
2349:
881:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
339:The first uterine transplant performed in
233:, after her doctor was unable to detect a
34:is a surgical procedure whereby a healthy
3525:Obstetrical and gynaecological procedures
2239:
2039:
1998:
1354:
1290:
1249:
1208:
862:"Medical First: A Transplant Of a Uterus"
749:
700:
624:
287:. The woman had healthy ovaries but was
42:into an organism of which the uterus is
580:
531:to be eligible for uterine transplants.
362:Mayer-Rokitansky-KĂĽster-Hauser Syndrome
1829:Ossola, Alexandra (18 February 2014).
922:
920:
918:
402:. The donor was her mother, Michelle.
315:took place on 24 February 2016 at the
1983:"Experimental uterus transplantation"
1730:Varghese, Rebecca Rose (2023-09-28).
1679:
1677:
1626:
1624:
1571:
1569:
1275:"Experimental uterus transplantation"
7:
1154:Derya Sert'in gebeliği sonlandırıldı
662:10.1001/archsurg.1966.01320190011002
3110:Tests and procedures involving the
2757:Canadian Society of Transplantation
2752:American Society of Transplantation
1482:Sifferlin, Alexandra (2017-12-01).
1036:. Hurriyetdailynews.com. 2011-09-13
973:. timesofmalta.com. 10 October 2011
54:, effectively rendering the female
1576:Pinheiro, Lara (5 December 2018).
25:
565:Transplantable organs and tissues
279:, after the mother had developed
87:documenting normal function in a
2683:United Network for Organ Sharing
2668:National Transplant Organization
2241:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.05.026
2158:10.1111/j.1447-0756.2006.00426.x
2114:10.1111/j.1447-0756.2008.00854.x
1912:. 3 October 2014. Archived from
1251:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.04.001
1210:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.02.024
941:10.1111/j.1432-2277.2012.01438.x
751:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2023.04.005
328:Baylor University Medical Center
127:Except perhaps in rare cases of
2797:Organ transplantation in Israel
860:Grady, Denise (March 7, 2002).
255:Sahlgrenska University Hospital
46:or diseased. As part of normal
2802:Organ transplantation in Japan
2773:Organ transplantation in China
2747:American Society of Nephrology
1456:Denise Grady (April 8, 2016).
268:. The British medical journal
217:and Munire Erman Akar, at the
148:or an alternative one such as
1:
2678:Trillium Gift of Life Network
2658:National Marrow Donor Program
2201:10.1016/S0020-7292(12)60511-6
1703:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31766-5
1347:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61728-1
48:mammalian sexual reproduction
2716:Halachic Organ Donor Society
2643:Gift of Life Marrow Registry
1949:10.1097/AOG.0b013e318255006f
1656:Sayyed, Nozia (2018-10-20).
1431:Zeltner, Brie (2016-03-09).
1404:Zeltner, Brie (2016-03-07).
702:10.3109/00016349.2010.520688
590:Zentralblatt für Gynäkologie
3499:Gynecologic ultrasonography
3229:Uterine artery embolization
2721:Kidney Foundation of Canada
1937:Obstetrics & Gynecology
1636:Mom And Baby Care (Mom ABC)
1057:. Trt-world.com. 2012-02-27
1015:. Alarabiya.net. 2011-10-01
348:at Galaxy Care Hospital in
3551:
3112:female reproductive system
2778:harvesting from Falun Gong
2726:National Kidney Foundation
2582:Non-heart-beating donation
1545:10.1016/j.ajog.2020.03.001
456:immuno-suppressive therapy
3466:Female genital mutilation
3118:
3009:
2608:Graft-versus-host disease
2320:10.1001/archsurg.135.1.14
1987:Human Reproduction Update
1279:Human Reproduction Update
613:Human Reproduction Update
176:just three months later.
93:University of Mississippi
2673:NHS Blood and Transplant
2222:Lefkowitz Ariel (2013).
929:Transplant International
494:Transplant International
392:Royal Hospital for Women
285:University of Gothenburg
261:led by Mats Brännström.
137:sex reassignment surgery
101:University of Gothenburg
3476:Clitoral hood reduction
3443:Vaginal transplantation
3049:Immunosuppressive drugs
2785:Organ donation in India
2228:Fertility and Sterility
1238:Fertility and Sterility
1197:Fertility and Sterility
893:10.1196/annals.1434.003
738:Fertility and Sterility
504:Fertility and Sterility
416:immunosuppressive drugs
3069:Frankenstein's monster
3064:Total body irradiation
2790:Gurgaon kidney scandal
2648:Human Tissue Authority
2195:(Supplement 3): S289.
626:10.1093/humupd/3.3.267
529:genetic XY individuals
239:in vitro fertilisation
170:postsurgical infection
3530:Organ transplantation
3504:Hysterosalpingography
3121:Gynecological surgery
3054:Lung allocation score
2991:Jean-Michel Dubernard
2380:Organ transplantation
2078:10.1093/humrep/deq109
2041:10.1093/humrep/deq358
2000:10.1093/humupd/dmp049
1906:"The Daily Telegraph"
1292:10.1093/humupd/dmp049
570:Transgender pregnancy
289:born without a uterus
259:Gothenburg University
3290:Endometrial ablation
2861:J. Hartwell Harrison
2618:Transplant rejection
1697:(10165): 2697–2704.
97:Jackson, Mississippi
3341:Cervical conization
3224:Pelvic exenteration
3142:Salpingoophorectomy
2970:André van der Merwe
2954:Richard C. Lillehei
2627:Transplant networks
2411:Xenotransplantation
2406:Autotransplantation
2394:Allotransplantation
1768:www.indiatvnews.com
650:Archives of Surgery
501:" was published in
479:. The principle of
400:embryo implantation
158:gestational carrier
85:autotransplantation
3358:Cervical screening
3313:Uterine myomectomy
3285:Endometrial biopsy
2825:Christiaan Barnard
2421:Organs and tissues
2277:10.1111/bioe.12832
2066:Human Reproduction
2028:Human Reproduction
1815:, Emma Siossian ,
1462:The New York Times
1099:. AAP. 2013-04-13.
866:The New York Times
560:MĂĽllerian agenesis
219:Akdeniz University
95:Medical Center in
32:uterine transplant
27:Surgical procedure
3512:
3511:
3438:Vaginal wet mount
3382:
3381:
3353:Cervical cerclage
3262:Vacuum aspiration
3077:
3076:
3059:Machine perfusion
3039:Edmonton protocol
3034:Biomedical tissue
3022:
3021:
2933:Vladimir Demikhov
2835:Adrian Kantrowitz
2587:Organ procurement
1916:on 4 October 2014
1341:(9968): 607–616.
1321:. 4 October 2014.
811:978-1-83867-044-3
695:(11): 1491–1494.
550:Engineered uterus
492:and published in
490:McGill University
471:Montreal criteria
366:Caesarean section
346:Caesarean section
133:transgender women
18:Uterus transplant
16:(Redirected from
3542:
3329:
3306:
3278:
3250:
3202:
3195:
3104:
3097:
3090:
3081:
2881:Michael Woodruff
2815:
2546:Medical grafting
2373:
2366:
2359:
2350:
2332:
2331:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2243:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2072:(8): 1980–1987.
2060:
2054:
2053:
2043:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2002:
1978:
1969:
1968:
1943:(6): 1219–1225.
1932:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1886:. 4 October 2014
1880:
1874:
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1443:
1437:The Plain Dealer
1428:
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1419:
1418:
1411:The Plain Dealer
1401:
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1329:
1323:
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1305:
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1264:
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1244:(6): 1269–1276.
1229:
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1212:
1203:(5): 1228–1236.
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1177:
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1078:. World Bulletin
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704:
680:
674:
673:
645:
639:
638:
628:
604:
598:
597:
585:
452:cesarean section
317:Cleveland Clinic
277:cesarean section
199:menstrual cycles
21:
3550:
3549:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3540:
3539:
3515:
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3508:
3491:Medical imaging
3485:
3447:
3378:
3322:
3317:
3299:
3294:
3271:
3266:
3243:
3238:
3234:Transplantation
3198:
3184:
3152:Fallopian tubes
3146:
3123:
3114:
3108:
3078:
3073:
3018:
3005:
2974:
2958:
2942:
2911:
2885:
2866:John P. Merrill
2849:
2806:
2761:
2740:Joint societies
2735:
2706:Blood Cancer UK
2693:
2687:
2630:
2628:
2622:
2596:
2568:
2564:Vascular bypass
2540:
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2016:
1980:
1979:
1972:
1934:
1933:
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1919:
1917:
1910:Telegraph.co.uk
1904:
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1835:Popular Science
1828:
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1817:ABC News Online
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1662:Hindustan Times
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1525:
1515:
1513:
1512:. December 2017
1508:
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1181:
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1163:
1157:
1156:. CNNTurk.com.
1152:
1148:
1138:
1136:
1135:. 14 April 2013
1131:
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1126:
1116:
1114:
1113:. 12 April 2013
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994:. Allvoices.com
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682:
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647:
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606:
605:
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582:
578:
546:
485:non-maleficence
473:
468:
437:
432:
408:
384:
375:
358:
337:
321:yeast infection
309:
301:corticosteroids
247:
235:fetal heartbeat
231:first trimester
207:
182:
125:
120:
73:
68:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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3484:
3483:
3481:Vestibulectomy
3478:
3473:
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3457:
3455:
3449:
3448:
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3416:husband stitch
3408:
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3246:Uterine cavity
3240:
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3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3205:
3203:
3192:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3180:Tubal reversal
3177:
3172:
3170:Tubal ligation
3167:
3162:
3156:
3154:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3139:
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3125:
3124:
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3074:
3072:
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3046:
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3028:
3027:Related topics
3024:
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2950:
2948:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2938:James D. Hardy
2935:
2930:
2928:Joel D. Cooper
2925:
2919:
2917:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2902:James D. Hardy
2899:
2893:
2891:
2887:
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2884:
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2878:
2876:Elizabeth Ward
2873:
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2863:
2857:
2855:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2845:Norman Shumway
2842:
2837:
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2830:James D. Hardy
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2638:Eurotransplant
2634:
2632:
2629:and government
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2615:
2610:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2589:
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2576:
2574:Organ donation
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2338:External links
2336:
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2298:
2271:(4): 326–330.
2255:
2234:(4): 924–926.
2214:
2179:
2152:(4): 358–367.
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2108:(5): 784–793.
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2034:(3): 553–558.
2014:
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1265:
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1174:Anadolu Agency
1161:
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1111:"Yahoo Health"
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724:
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555:Male pregnancy
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477:ethical issues
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406:Current status
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172:and died from
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2701:Anthony Nolan
2699:
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2694:organizations
2690:
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2603:
2601:Complications
2599:
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2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2571:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2559:Skin grafting
2557:
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2554:Bone grafting
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2018:
2015:
2010:
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1996:
1993:(3): 329–45.
1992:
1988:
1984:
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1962:
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619:(3): 267–80.
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592:(in German).
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281:pre-eclampsia
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118:Notable cases
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78:
70:
65:
63:
61:
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53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
3428:Colpocleisis
3368:Cervicectomy
3323:
3300:
3272:
3257:Hysteroscopy
3244:
3233:
3214:Hysterectomy
3209:Genitoplasty
3199:
3160:Falloposcopy
3137:Oophorectomy
2923:Fikri Alican
2897:Fikri Alican
2530:
2314:(1): 14–16.
2311:
2307:
2301:
2268:
2264:
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2101:
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2058:
2031:
2027:
2017:
1990:
1986:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1918:. Retrieved
1914:the original
1909:
1900:
1888:. Retrieved
1878:
1866:. Retrieved
1861:Journal Star
1859:
1850:
1838:. Retrieved
1834:
1824:
1819:, 2023-12-19
1808:
1797:. Retrieved
1795:. 2023-08-22
1792:
1783:
1772:. Retrieved
1770:. 2023-08-24
1767:
1758:
1747:. Retrieved
1735:
1725:
1714:. Retrieved
1694:
1690:
1665:. Retrieved
1661:
1651:
1640:. Retrieved
1638:. 2018-11-01
1635:
1611:. Retrieved
1606:
1597:
1585:. Retrieved
1581:
1536:
1532:
1526:
1514:. Retrieved
1504:
1493:. Retrieved
1487:
1477:
1465:. Retrieved
1461:
1451:
1440:. Retrieved
1436:
1426:
1415:. Retrieved
1409:
1399:
1390:
1381:
1356:10072/141149
1338:
1334:
1327:
1318:
1309:
1282:
1278:
1268:
1241:
1237:
1227:
1200:
1196:
1164:
1158:(in Turkish)
1149:
1137:. Retrieved
1127:
1115:. Retrieved
1105:
1091:
1080:. Retrieved
1070:
1059:. Retrieved
1049:
1038:. Retrieved
1028:
1017:. Retrieved
1007:
996:. Retrieved
986:
975:. Retrieved
965:
932:
928:
884:
880:
874:
865:
839:. Retrieved
835:
826:
815:. Retrieved
800:
793:
782:. Retrieved
780:. 2023-08-22
777:
768:
741:
737:
727:
692:
688:
678:
653:
649:
643:
616:
612:
602:
593:
589:
583:
524:
509:
502:
498:
493:
474:
460:hysterectomy
449:
438:
420:
412:hysterectomy
409:
385:
376:
359:
338:
325:
310:
297:azathioprine
269:
263:
248:
221:Hospital in
208:
187:hemorrhaging
183:
180:Saudi Arabia
166:vaginoplasty
154:egg donation
126:
113:
74:
52:implantation
40:transplanted
31:
29:
3471:Labiaplasty
3396:Vaginectomy
3274:Endometrium
3219:Hysterotomy
3001:Bruce Reitz
2653:LifeSharers
2631:departments
2592:Organ trade
2434:Bone marrow
832:"Lili Elbe"
656:(1): 9–12.
445:reperfusion
430:Description
77:Emil Knauer
60:infertility
3519:Categories
3461:Vulvectomy
3423:Hymenotomy
3411:Episiotomy
3401:Culdoscopy
3336:Colposcopy
3302:Myometrium
2504:islet cell
2474:Heart–lung
1884:"BBC News"
1840:10 October
1799:2023-09-28
1774:2023-09-28
1749:2023-09-28
1716:2022-07-13
1691:The Lancet
1667:2024-08-21
1642:2018-11-05
1495:2019-03-29
1442:2016-03-10
1417:2016-03-08
1335:The Lancet
1082:2012-11-21
1061:2012-11-21
1040:2012-11-21
1019:2012-11-21
998:2012-11-21
977:2012-11-21
841:2019-02-25
817:2023-02-22
784:2023-08-27
576:References
535:decisions.
435:Procedures
293:tacrolimus
271:The Lancet
215:Ă–mer Ă–zkan
191:childbirth
189:following
3375:insertion
2766:Countries
2479:Intestine
2308:Arch Surg
2293:231862917
2265:Bioethics
1920:5 October
1890:5 October
1868:4 October
1744:0971-751X
1736:The Hindu
1607:Firstpost
1561:212651317
1516:9 January
1139:5 October
1117:5 October
887:: 83–91.
836:Biography
525:Bioethics
517:surrogacy
388:Australia
382:Australia
162:Lili Elbe
109:allogenic
75:In 1896,
56:infertile
3362:pap test
3200:General:
3044:Eye bank
2947:Pancreas
2731:ORGANIZE
2692:Advocacy
2499:Pancreas
2328:10636340
2285:33550647
2250:23768985
2209:76584337
2166:16882260
2130:20055019
2122:18834335
2086:20519250
2050:21159686
2009:19897849
1957:22617587
1793:BBC News
1711:30527853
1553:32151611
1467:April 8,
1391:BBC News
1373:20244453
1365:25301505
1319:ABC News
1301:19897849
1260:22542990
1219:24582522
1191:(2014).
957:39516819
949:22356169
901:18443334
778:BBC News
760:37037300
711:20879912
596:: 524–8.
544:See also
521:adoption
481:autonomy
442:ischemia
227:abortion
195:necrosis
150:adoption
129:intersex
3373:Pessary
3129:Ovaries
2444:Corneal
2174:8576480
1965:9423625
1587:13 July
909:5100080
719:1188699
670:5948103
635:9322102
229:in her
223:Antalya
156:, or a
123:Germany
71:Studies
66:History
3535:Uterus
3388:Vagina
3325:Cervix
3190:Uterus
3175:Essure
2854:Kidney
2811:People
2663:NOD-Lb
2536:Vagina
2531:Uterus
2526:Thymus
2521:Spleen
2484:Kidney
2326:
2291:
2283:
2248:
2207:
2172:
2164:
2128:
2120:
2084:
2048:
2007:
1963:
1955:
1742:
1709:
1613:12 May
1559:
1551:
1371:
1363:
1299:
1258:
1217:
955:
947:
907:
899:
808:
758:
717:
709:
668:
633:
539:right.
466:Ethics
424:ethics
396:Sydney
356:Brazil
299:, and
266:Sweden
251:Sweden
245:Sweden
211:Turkey
205:Turkey
146:coitus
141:vagina
105:Sweden
89:rabbit
81:Vienna
44:absent
36:uterus
3453:Vulva
2979:Other
2963:Penis
2890:Liver
2818:Heart
2511:Penis
2489:Liver
2469:Heart
2439:Brain
2387:Types
2289:S2CID
2205:S2CID
2170:S2CID
2126:S2CID
1961:S2CID
1557:S2CID
1369:S2CID
953:S2CID
905:S2CID
715:S2CID
440:cold-
341:India
335:India
3346:LEEP
2916:Lung
2711:DKMS
2516:Skin
2494:Lung
2464:Head
2459:Hand
2454:Face
2429:Bone
2399:ABOi
2324:PMID
2281:PMID
2246:PMID
2162:PMID
2118:PMID
2082:PMID
2046:PMID
2005:PMID
1953:PMID
1922:2014
1892:2014
1870:2014
1842:2014
1740:ISSN
1707:PMID
1615:2017
1589:2022
1549:PMID
1518:2018
1489:Time
1469:2016
1361:PMID
1297:PMID
1256:PMID
1215:PMID
1141:2014
1119:2014
945:PMID
897:PMID
885:1127
806:ISBN
756:PMID
707:PMID
666:PMID
631:PMID
350:Pune
2449:Eye
2316:doi
2312:135
2273:doi
2236:doi
2232:100
2197:doi
2193:119
2154:doi
2110:doi
2074:doi
2036:doi
1995:doi
1945:doi
1941:119
1699:doi
1695:392
1541:doi
1537:223
1351:hdl
1343:doi
1339:385
1287:doi
1246:doi
1205:doi
1201:101
937:doi
889:doi
746:doi
742:119
697:doi
658:doi
621:doi
394:in
257:at
249:In
103:in
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