357:
484:
419:. Uterine serpins from the sheep and pig are not inhibitory towards a variety of proteases. In addition, several key amino acids in the hinge region of the reactive center loop which are important for protease inhibitory activity have not been conserved in uterine serpins. Bovine uterine serpin does inhibit
431:
There are two possible biological roles for uterine serpins during pregnancy. The first is as a binding protein. Porcine uterine serpin binds non-covalently to uteroferrin in a way that stabilizes the iron-binding capacity of uteroferrin. Uteroferrin is transferred across the placenta where it
968:
Stephenson DC, Leslie MV, Low BG, Newton GR, Hansen PJ, Bazer FW (October 1989). "Secretion of the major progesterone-induced proteins of the sheep uterus by caruncular and intercaruncular endometrium of the pregnant ewe from days 20-140 of gestation".
373:(Figure 1). Gene expression is limited to epithelial cells of endometrial glands. Late in pregnancy, uterine serpin protein can be found in the lumenal epithelium as well, perhaps as glandular epithelial cells move to the uterine lumen.
455:
Another possible role for uterine serpins is in the inhibition of immune cell proliferation during pregnancy to provide protection for the allogeneically-distinct conceptus. In particular, sheep uterine serpin can inhibit
1133:
Liu WJ, Hansen PJ (February 1995). "Progesterone-induced secretion of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (cluster differentiation antigen-26) by the uterine endometrium of the ewe and cow that costimulates lymphocyte proliferation".
1703:
248:
uterine serpin was first identified because of its association with an iron-binding uterine protein termed uteroferrin. and was originally termed uteroferrin-associated protein.
668:"Molecular cloning of the uteroferrin-associated protein, a major progesterone-induced serpin secreted by the porcine uterus, and the expression of its mRNA during pregnancy"
1772:
263:
The uterine serpins are novel with respect to other serpins by virtue of their limited distribution among mammals. They have been described only in species of the
511:"Purification, secretion and immunocytochemical localization of the uterine milk proteins, major progesterone-induced proteins in uterine secretions of the sheep"
76:
64:
111:
1807:
472:
A single nucleotide polymorphism at position 1269 of the bovine uterine serpin gene has been associated with productive life in cattle populations.
360:
Figure 1. Immunohistochemical localization of uterine serpin in endometrial glands of an ovariectomized ewe treated with progesterone for 60 days.
356:
624:"Isolation and characterization of a high molecular weight stable pink form of uteroferrin from uterine secretions and allantoic fluid of pigs"
376:
The major regulator of uterine serpin gene expression is progesterone. In the cow, estrogen can also increase uterine serpin gene expression.
1050:"Evidence for estrogen-dependent uterine serpin (SERPINA14) expression during estrus in the bovine endometrial glandular epithelium and lumen"
555:"The major progesterone-modulated proteins secreted into the sheep uterus are members of the serpin superfamily of serine protease inhibitors"
1539:
1350:
Hansen PJ, Newton GR (January 1988). "Binding of immunoglobulins to the major progesterone-induced proteins secreted by the sheep uterus".
1006:"Gene expression profiling of bovine endometrium during the oestrous cycle: detection of molecular pathways involved in functional changes"
1792:
1708:
1650:
1588:
1534:
1529:
1471:
1235:"Iron transfer between the purple phosphatase uteroferrin and transferrin and its possible role in iron metabolism of the fetal pig"
57:
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1812:
432:
gives up its iron to fetal transferrin. Ovine uterine serpin binds pregnancy-associated glycoproteins, which are inactive
240:. Termed uterine milk proteins, their identification as members of the serpin superfamily was based on sequencing of the
929:"Prolactin receptor and uterine milk protein expression in the ovine endometrium during the estrous cycle and pregnancy"
416:
164:
808:
Peltier MR, Raley LC, Liberles DA, Benner SA, Hansen PJ (August 2000). "Evolutionary history of the uterine serpins".
769:"Phylogeny of the serpin superfamily: implications of patterns of amino acid conservation for structure and function"
892:
van Gent D, Sharp P, Morgan K, Kalsheker N (November 2003). "Serpins: structure, function and molecular evolution".
255:
or A clade. In other analyses, uterine serpins have been considered as a separate clade in the serpin superfamily.
251:
The designation of uterine serpins as SERPINA14 is based on their classification as a highly-divergent group of the
1749:
1094:"Pattern of expression of the uterine milk protein gene and its association with productive life in dairy cattle"
1797:
1556:
1494:
400:
317:) The uterine serpin gene is not expressed in all carnivores since the only uterine serpin identified in the
33:
1385:
Hansen PJ (October 1998). "Regulation of uterine immune function by progesterone--lessons from the sheep".
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is a pseudogene. Examination of completed genomes indicates that uterine serpin genes do not exist in
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1504:
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441:
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Green JA, Xie S, Roberts RM (January 1998). "Pepsin-related molecules secreted by trophoblast".
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720:"The molecular phylogeny of uterine serpins and its relationship to evolution of placentation"
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In addition to expression in the endometrium, bovine uterine serpin is also expressed in the
232:
Uterine serpins were originally described in the uterine secretions of unilaterally-pregnant
1457:
1421:
1394:
1359:
1322:
1311:"Uterine milk protein, a novel activin-binding protein, is present in ovine allantoic fluid"
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but probably through a mechanism distinct from the prototypical mechanism used by serpins.
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function in vitro and reduce natural-killer cell mediated abortion in a mouse model.
388:
288:
237:
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There are two lines of evidence to indicate that uterine serpins do not function as
19:
Serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha-1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 14
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199:
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69:
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Baumbach GA, Ketcham CM, Richardson DE, Bazer FW, Roberts RM (September 1986).
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88:
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210:
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mammals. Among the clades in which uterine serpin genes exist are the
1734:
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1603:
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10.1002/1097-010X(20000815)288:2<165::AID-JEZ7>3.0.CO;2-R
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161:
52:
1444:
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McFarlane JR, Foulds LM, O'Connor AE, et al. (October 1999).
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Moffatt J, Bazer FW, Hansen PJ, Chun PW, Roberts RM (March 1987).
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233:
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Ulbrich SE, Frohlich T, Schulke K, et al. (October 2009).
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330:
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245:
1004:
Bauersachs S, Ulbrich SE, Gross K, et al. (June 2005).
718:
Padua MB, Kowalski AA, Cañas MY, Hansen PJ (February 2010).
853:"Evolution and function of the uterine serpins (SERPINA14)"
767:
Irving JA, Pike RN, Lesk AM, Whisstock JC (December 2000).
666:
Malathy PV, Imakawa K, Simmen RC, Roberts RM (March 1990).
1449:
1233:
Buhi WC, Ducsay CA, Bazer FW, Roberts RM (February 1982).
927:
Stewart MD, Johnson GA, Gray CA, et al. (June 2000).
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Khatib H, Schutzkus V, Chang YM, Rosa GJ (May 2007).
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1176:"Pepsin-inhibitory activity of the uterine serpins"
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369:Uterine serpins are products of the endometrial
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440:placenta. Ovine uterine serpin also binds to
8:
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1174:Mathialagan N, Hansen TR (November 1996).
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365:Cellular expression and hormone regulation
119:
1773:disorders of globin and globulin proteins
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600:Cytokines & Cells Encyclopedia - COPE
570:
526:
1169:
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1422:"Using Net Merit To Select Dairy Bulls"
501:
15:
548:
546:
7:
1540:Protein Z-related protease inhibitor
851:Padua MB, Hansen PJ (October 2010).
553:Ing NH, Roberts RM (February 1989).
213:inhibitors and may function during
14:
1535:Plasminogen activator inhibitor-2
1530:Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
436:secreted in large amounts by the
870:10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00901.x
482:
1808:Hormones of the pregnant female
236:as a pair of 57 kDa and 55 kDa
206:. These proteins appear to be
1:
1399:10.1016/S0165-0378(98)00035-7
1252:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)68096-8
1067:10.1095/biolreprod.108.075184
906:10.1016/S1357-2725(03)00134-1
641:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)67173-X
572:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)94076-7
1364:10.1016/0003-9861(88)90442-0
1180:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
983:10.1016/0739-7240(89)90029-5
411:Protease inhibitory activity
190:serpins are produced by the
946:10.1095/biolreprod62.6.1779
594:Ibelgaufts H (2002-01-01).
1834:
1793:Serine protease inhibitors
1750:Thyroxine-binding globulin
1148:10.1210/endo.136.2.7835310
894:Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol
528:10.1095/biolreprod36.2.419
1768:
427:Function during pregnancy
223:transplacental transport.
194:of a restricted group of
118:
1495:Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin
1201:10.1073/pnas.93.24.13653
971:Domest. Anim. Endocrinol
244:for the sheep gene. The
219:regulate immune function
198:under the influence of
1696:Cross class inhibitory
1352:Arch. Biochem. Biophys
1328:10.1210/en.140.10.4745
857:Am. J. Reprod. Immunol
361:
1813:Hormones of the ovary
1730:Heat shock protein 47
1288:10.1530/ror.0.0030062
359:
1111:10.3168/jds.2006-722
737:10.1096/fj.09-138453
685:10.1210/mend-4-3-428
1525:Protein C inhibitor
1520:Heparin cofactor II
1505:Alpha 2-antiplasmin
1500:Alpha 1-antitrypsin
1424:. Purdue University
1192:1996PNAS...9313653M
1023:10.1677/jme.1.01799
822:2000JEZ...288..165P
786:10.1101/gr.GR-1478R
462:natural killer cell
417:protease inhibitors
156:are members of the
112:21: 59.39 - 59.4 Mb
1445:PJ Hansen Homepage
1387:J. Reprod. Immunol
1010:J. Mol. Endocrinol
434:aspartic proteases
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221:or participate in
165:protease inhibitor
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65:RefSeq (mRNA)
62:
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42:
38:
36:
31:
27:
22:
17:
1770:
1576:
1515:C1-inhibitor
1510:Antithrombin
1426:. Retrieved
1415:
1393:(1): 63–79.
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1098:J. Dairy Sci
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1054:Biol. Reprod
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933:Biol. Reprod
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810:J. Exp. Zool
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515:Biol. Reprod
514:
504:
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430:
414:
378:
375:
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296:
274:
264:
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231:
228:Nomenclature
222:
218:
207:
200:progesterone
180:
176:
157:
153:
152:
110:
34:
1745:Transcortin
1282:(1): 62–9.
1276:Rev. Reprod
315:giant panda
305:) and some
192:endometrium
132:Swiss-model
24:Identifiers
1787:Categories
1488:inhibitory
1428:2010-12-02
1420:Schutz M.
773:Genome Res
605:2010-12-02
497:References
458:lymphocyte
401:cotyledons
371:epithelium
339:marsupials
307:carnivores
177:encoded by
128:Structures
123:Search for
106:Chromosome
100:Other data
35:Bos taurus
1803:Fertility
1771:see also
1740:Ovalbumin
1634:SERPINB13
1629:SERPINB10
1577:SERPINA14
385:follicles
351:zebrafish
291:, sheep,
271:eutherian
259:Evolution
215:pregnancy
181:SERPINA14
82:NP_777222
70:NM_174797
47:SERPINA14
1686:SERPINI2
1681:SERPINI1
1676:SERPINH1
1671:SERPING1
1666:SERPINF1
1661:SERPINE2
1656:SERPINE2
1651:SERPINE1
1646:SERPIND1
1641:SERPINC1
1624:SERPINB9
1619:SERPINB8
1614:SERPINB7
1609:SERPINB6
1604:SERPINB5
1599:SERPINB4
1594:SERPINB3
1589:SERPINB2
1584:SERPINB1
1572:SERPINA9
1567:SERPINA5
1562:SERPINA4
1557:SERPINA3
1552:SERPINA2
1547:SERPINA1
1337:10499534
1120:17430947
1076:19494250
1032:15956356
955:10819783
914:12824063
879:20678169
838:10931499
795:11116082
746:19825977
476:See also
468:Genetics
438:ungulate
405:placenta
343:platypus
323:primates
295:, pig),
211:protease
208:inactive
204:estrogen
175:and are
173:proteins
142:InterPro
29:Organism
1481:Serpins
1407:9862257
1372:3341741
1296:9509990
1261:7056739
1220:8942989
1188:Bibcode
1156:7835310
991:2620505
818:Bibcode
754:9248169
724:FASEB J
694:2342477
650:3017991
581:2464597
537:3580461
442:activin
403:of the
393:cumulus
347:chicken
281:dolphin
196:mammals
188:Uterine
160:of the
158:A clade
138:Domains
89:UniProt
1818:Uterus
1735:Maspin
1709:SCCA-1
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397:oocyte
391:, and
335:rabbit
169:serpin
162:serine
94:P46201
58:286871
53:Entrez
44:Symbol
1211:19381
750:S2CID
381:ovary
327:mouse
303:horse
234:sheep
1760:PEDF
1714:CrmA
1704:MENT
1403:PMID
1368:PMID
1333:PMID
1292:PMID
1257:PMID
1216:PMID
1152:PMID
1116:PMID
1072:PMID
1028:PMID
987:PMID
951:PMID
910:PMID
875:PMID
834:PMID
791:PMID
742:PMID
690:PMID
646:PMID
577:PMID
533:PMID
460:and
448:and
293:goat
242:cDNA
184:gene
179:the
1395:doi
1360:doi
1356:260
1323:doi
1319:140
1284:doi
1247:doi
1243:257
1206:PMC
1196:doi
1144:doi
1140:136
1106:doi
1062:doi
1018:doi
979:doi
941:doi
902:doi
865:doi
826:doi
814:288
781:doi
732:doi
680:doi
636:doi
632:261
567:doi
563:264
523:doi
450:IgA
446:IgM
349:or
331:rat
319:cat
311:dog
285:cow
246:pig
217:to
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