765:
They are firmly held to the ground by thick golden chains to ensure the energy is firmly controlled; The pantheons have 13 six-pointed stars and two seven-pointed stars, totalling 92. These represent the 92 natural elements found in creation and also the atomic number of uranium; The five spikes on the collars signify the atomic number of boron, which was used to shut down the early reactors; There are numerous representations of 8 for the atomic number of oxygen, 2 for helium and 1 for hydrogen – suggesting water. The whole gives insights into the four medieval elements of earth, air, fire and water; The sun represents the power of fusion, and the small shield with the black bird (a martlet) is the Coat of Arms of Lord
Rutherford. He is recognised as the founder of nuclear physics; The steel helmet signifies the arms of a corporate body; The whole is placed on the earth on which flowers and plants are flourishing normally; The motto “E minimis – maxima” means 'from the smallest, the greatest'.
386:
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40:
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On its formation in 1954, the authority was responsible for the United
Kingdom's entire nuclear programme, both civil and defence, as well as the policing of nuclear sites. It made pioneering developments in nuclear (fission) power, overseeing the development of nuclear technology and performing much
655:, Oxfordshire Advanced Skills is an apprentice training centre located at Culham Science Centre. It offers training for technicians in engineering and hi-tech disciplines, with the intention of providing employers with highly skilled recruits ready to enter the workplace. Training is provided by the
472:
in 1996. The nuclear facilities used for the UK's research and development programme, which held large decommissioning liabilities, were retained. The role of the authority became to decommission these nuclear assets and to restore the environment around the sites. From the early 1990s the authority
697:
In
December 2017, UKAEA announced plans for two further fusion research centres: Hydrogen-3 Advanced Technology (H3AT) and Fusion Technology Facilities. H3AT, located at Culham, will study the processing and storage of tritium, one of the two fuels expected to supply commercial fusion reactors. The
673:
RACE is a test facility for robotics and autonomous systems. It grew out of UKAEA's remote handling operations at the JET nuclear fusion device, which date back to the 1990s. The UK Government funded the construction of the RACE centre at Culham with the intention of taking the knowledge gained at
764:
The central shield is black denoting the core of a graphite reactor, with inserted rods of silver uranium; The inverted triangle shows gold and scarlet bolts of heat and power; The energy released by splitting the atom is controlled by a pair of red pantheons, which are ferocious heraldic beasts.
688:
The ÂŁ220 million STEP programme aims to accelerate the delivery of fusion power to the energy market. STEP will be a prototype powerplant capable of demonstrating fusion as a viable technology for electricity generation. It uses the compact 'spherical tokamak' concept developed by UKAEA at Culham
634:
carries out micro-characterisation of radioactive materials for researchers in both fusion energy and nuclear fission. It is open to users from academic and commercial organisations, aiming to bridge the gap between university laboratories and those at nuclear licensed sites. It is part of the
533:
On 2 February 2009, the authority announced the next stage in restructuring. Research Sites
Restoration Limited (RSRL), was formed from the existing teams at Harwell in Oxfordshire and Winfrith in Dorset and licensed by the Health and Safety Executive to operate those sites. RSRL continued the
574:
United
Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority states its mission as "To lead the delivery of sustainable fusion energy and maximise the scientific and economic benefit." Its research programmes include a number of laboratories and other facilities at the Culham site.
674:
JET into other industries with 'challenging environments' where it is difficult for humans to perform work. RACE currently works with organisations in nuclear fusion and fission, with large physics facilities and with autonomous vehicle developers.
530:, a site licence company under contract to the NDA, following close review and scrutiny by the Health and Safety Executive and environmental and security regulators. The majority of authority employees at the site transferred to Sellafield Ltd.
1981:
1923:
602:
The UK's national laboratory for fusion research, CCFE undertakes plasma theory and modelling studies to establish the physics basis for future fusion powerplants. It also studies the materials and engineering technology of
4175:
191:), high fusion power was consistently produced for 5 seconds, resulting in a ground-breaking record of 69 megajoules using a mere 0.2 milligrams of fuel. JET has now ceased operating and decommissioning has commenced.
1916:
516:, was formed with established expertise from the existing company, to focus on nuclear decommissioning and environmental restoration management and consultancy in the United Kingdom and international markets.
3796:
501:(NDA), which on 1 April 2005 took ownership and responsibility for the liabilities relating to the cleanup of UK nuclear sites. The authority became a contractor for the NDA for the decommissioning work at
992:
4145:
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1909:
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1948:
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scientific research. However, since the early 1970s its areas of work have been gradually reduced, with functions transferred to other government organisations as well as to the private sector.
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750:
On either side a pantheon gules, unguled Or, semee of mullets, thirteen of six points, two of seven, and gorged with a crown palisado, affixed thereto and reflexed over the back a chain gold
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The United
Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority was formed from the Ministry of Supply, Department of Atomic Energy and inherited its facilities and most of its personnel on its formation.
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1932:
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1966:
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In 2014 UKAEA announced the creation of a new branch of research, using expertise gained from the remote handling system created for JET to form a new centre for robotics known as
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UKAEA has also been involved in undertaking safety and reliability assessments for outside bodies, due to its long running experience in such work within the nuclear field.
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CCFE also operates and maintains the Joint
European Torus (JET) for its research partners around Europe, and is a member of the co-ordinated R&D programme led by the
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1324:
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An Act to make provision for the transfer of property, rights and liabilities of the United
Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority to other persons; and for connected purposes.
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324:
187:
59 megajoules of sustained fusion energy was demonstrated by scientists and engineers working on JET in
December 2021. In JET’s final deuterium-tritium experiments (
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2421:
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to operate the site and carry out its decommissioning under the
Authority's management. DSRL became a subsidiary of United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Limited.
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3222:
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2047:
706:, carries out thermal, mechanical, hydraulic and electromagnetic tests on prototype components to replicate the conditions experienced inside fusion reactors.
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The Authority has continued to expand its facilities at Culham in recent years, with the opening of a Materials Research Facility in 2016 and creation of the
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received royal assent and gave the authority the power "to produce, use and dispose of atomic energy and carry out research into any matters therewith".
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On 1 April 2008, the Authority announced a major re-structuring to meet its decommissioning obligations with the NDA. A new wholly owned subsidiary,
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completed more decommissioning work than anyone in Europe, and had considerable success in regenerating former nuclear sites for commercial use.
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936:
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The authority inherited nearly 20,000 employees, which doubled to 41,000 by 1961. Most of the authority's early activities were related to the
689:
Centre for Fusion Energy. STEP is currently in a five-year conceptual design phase and is expected to be constructed and operational by 2040.
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2001:
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At the same time, Dounreay Site Restoration Limited (DSRL) was formed out of the existing Authority team at Dounreay and was licensed by the
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On a wreath argent and sable, A sun in splendour of thirty-two points Or charged with a voided escutcheon gules, therein a martlet sable
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180:(JET). The research aims to develop fusion power as a commercially viable, environmentally responsible energy source for the future.
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Companies with headquarters and/or registered office in the UK but no applicable energy operations within the country shown in
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549:
101:
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1957:
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decommissioning programmes for Harwell and Winfrith on behalf of the NDA. RSRL also became a subsidiary of UKAEA Limited.
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50:
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1970:
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921:
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Ultimate parent company is not UK-based Integrated in the United States, no generation or supply activities in the UK
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1221:
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mode, requiring it to act and account as though it were a commercial enterprise and become self-financing.
198:, and is involved in the development of both sites as locations for science and innovation-based business.
3907:
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2959:
2639:
1901:
1429:
1408:
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1222:"United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority - Coat of arms (crest) of United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority"
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545:, the nuclear clean-up subsidiary of the authority, including its subsidiary companies DSRL and RSRL.
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3322:
2229:
1990:
Parliamentary Under Secretary of State (Minister for Business, Energy and Corporate Responsibility):
1615:
1398:
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1051:
296:(BNFL) took over nuclear fuel and weapons material producing activities: the manufacturing plant at
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3786:
3736:
3237:
3015:
2908:
2692:
2111:
1085:
899:
542:
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39:
280:, the authority was split into three, with only research activities remaining with the authority.
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63:
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1098:
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328:
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United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority owns the Culham Science Centre and has a stake in the
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3118:
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2029:
2014:
1985:
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1469:
1116:
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2632:
2345:
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493:. Responsibility for the force was also removed from the authority and transferred to the
482:
168:
The authority focuses on United Kingdom and European fusion energy research programmes at
1132:
698:
Fusion Technology Facilities, based at both Culham and at a new UKAEA Yorkshire site in
3917:
3613:
3608:
3349:
3197:
2923:
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2101:
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1403:
527:
465:
244:
238:
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350:, to develop and operate radioactive waste disposal facilities in the United Kingdom.
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2828:
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1991:
1356:
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224:
154:
150:
643:. On the 14th of October 2022 the Materials Research Facility opened its extension.
578:
552:(CCFE) was launched as the new name for the home of United Kingdom fusion research.
526:
In parallel with these changes, the site at Windscale in Cumbria was transferred to
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2913:
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1976:
1952:
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1413:
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423:
358:
297:
289:
285:
1982:
Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Enterprise, Markets and Small Business
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301:
96:
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A plasma test in the MAST experiment at Culham Centre for Fusion Energy, 2013
450:
as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from
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859:
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1810:
1624:
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fusion reactors. The centrepiece of CCFE's programme is the MAST Upgrade
502:
1021:"UK Parliament Select Committee on Public Accounts, Forty Second Report"
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A partnership between United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority and the
169:
17:
464:, with the more commercial parts transferred into a public company
176:, including the world's most powerful operating fusion device, the
3994:
3716:
3557:
2717:
2697:
2534:
2019:
577:
347:
3797:
Decarbonisation measures in proposed UK electricity market reform
941:
485:, on 1 April 2005 the UK's specialist nuclear police force, the
4176:
Non-departmental public bodies of the United Kingdom government
4030:
3867:
3693:
3177:
2419:
2381:
1949:
Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
1905:
1313:
2540:
2449:
1091:
Going Critical: An Unofficial History of British Nuclear Power
563:
2510:
1288:
1283:
744:
Sable semee of plates, a pile barry dancetty Or and gules
636:
153:
research organisation responsible for the development of
1975:
Minister of State for Industry and Investment Security:
1247:"United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority - Facebook Page"
631:
509:, Windscale, Winfrith and the JET facilities at Culham.
227:, with board members running the three major divisions:
4146:
Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
2331:
Office of the Regulator of Community Interest Companies
1933:
Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
1074:
http://www.caithness.org/fpb/dounreay/history/index.htm
715:
Coat of arms of United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority
615:
device - which is expected to begin operation in 2019.
213:
The authority was established on 19 July 1954 when the
2243:
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
1967:
Minister of State for Science, Research and Innovation
669:
RACE (Remote Applications in Challenging Environments)
663:
Remote Applications in Challenging Environments (RACE)
557:
RACE (Remote Applications in Challenging Environments)
346:
In 1982 the authority was involved in the creation of
327:
transferred responsibility for management of the UK's
106:
RACE (Remote Applications in Challenging Environments)
1147:"News: Science Minister signals a new era for Culham"
1054:. Nuclear Engineering International. 5 November 2004
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1939:
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1492:
1447:
1422:
1372:
1365:
1197:"ÂŁ86 million boost for UK nuclear fusion programme"
446:
439:
432:
422:
417:
407:
397:
371:
121:
111:
95:
82:
72:
56:
46:
4064:Double Glazing & Conservatory Ombudsman Scheme
3732:Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
2253:Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
1294:Research Sites Restoration Limited (RSRL) Website
1289:Dounreay Site Restoration Limited (DSRL) Website
325:Atomic Energy Authority (Weapons Group) Act 1973
993:"UKAEA - Annual Reports and Accounts 2018/2019"
284:took over production of medical and industrial
3980:Centre for Renewable Energy Systems Technology
3782:Climate Change and Sustainable Energy Act 2006
2087:Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service
1830:Cumbrians Opposed to a Radioactive Environment
678:Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP)
2393:
2185:Nuclear Liabilities Financing Assurance Board
1917:
1325:
1046:
1044:
1042:
8:
4196:Scientific organizations established in 1954
448:Text of the Atomic Energy Authority Act 1995
32:
3727:Department for Energy Security and Net Zero
3360:Timeline of the electricity supply industry
653:Science & Technology Facilities Council
163:Department for Energy Security and Net Zero
4044:Association for the Conservation of Energy
4027:
3875:
3864:
3701:
3690:
3540:
3185:
3174:
3044:
2947:
2796:
2746:
2500:
2429:
2416:
2400:
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2076:
1924:
1910:
1902:
1708:
1549:
1376:
1369:
1332:
1318:
1310:
1072:UKAEA – The First Fifty Years, Andy Munn,
720:
713:
460:The authority was then split again by the
368:
266:. Between 1952 and 1958 UKAEA carried out
252:United Kingdom's nuclear weapons programme
31:
4161:1954 establishments in the United Kingdom
2336:Office for Product Safety & Standards
2268:Science and Technology Facilities Council
2165:Committee on Radioactive Waste Management
4151:Government agencies established in 1954
3847:United Kingdom Climate Change Programme
1284:Culham Centre for Fusion Energy website
984:
963:UK Atomic Energy Authority Constabulary
684:Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production
487:UK Atomic Energy Authority Constabulary
3423:United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority
1535:United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority
973:United States Atomic Energy Commission
937:Nuclear weapons and the United Kingdom
714:
592:Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE)
147:United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority
33:United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority
4191:Science and technology in Oxfordshire
3747:Office of Gas and Electricity Markets
3318:Isle of Man to England Interconnector
2170:Industrial Development Advisory Board
1299:UKAEA History – The First Fifty Years
932:Atomic Weapons Research Establishment
792:Harwell Science and Innovation Campus
441:Text of statute as originally enacted
333:Atomic Weapons Research Establishment
7:
4181:Nuclear energy in the United Kingdom
4074:Energy efficiency in British housing
4049:British Energy Efficiency Federation
3964:Utilities Intermediaries Association
3934:Association for Decentralised Energy
3345:New Electricity Trading Arrangements
3263:Association of Electricity Producers
3062:Scottish Hydro Electric Transmission
2263:Natural Environment Research Council
2248:Economic and Social Research Council
2238:Arts and Humanities Research Council
927:Atomic Energy Research Establishment
497:. The 2004 Act also established the
288:and was later privatised in 1982 as
3568:Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation
1341:Nuclear power in the United Kingdom
958:Nuclear power in the United Kingdom
27:UK government research organisation
4186:Organisations based in Oxfordshire
4156:Governmental nuclear organizations
3218:Confederation of UK Coal Producers
3139:United Downs Deep Geothermal Power
2309:Council for Science and Technology
1875:Sustainable Development Commission
639:and has received funding from the
611:experiment - the successor to the
25:
3903:Centre for Alternative Technology
3398:Nuclear Decommissioning Authority
2117:Nuclear Decommissioning Authority
2010:Competition and Markets Authority
1864:Nuclear Power and the Environment
1510:Nuclear Decommissioning Authority
953:Nuclear Decommissioning Authority
832:Chapelcross nuclear power station
499:Nuclear Decommissioning Authority
4117:
3767:Carbon Emission Reduction Target
3486:Natural gas-fired power stations
2362:
2361:
2175:Land Registration Rule Committee
1886:
1885:
1793:Thermal Oxide Reprocessing Plant
968:Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament
637:National Nuclear Users' Facility
468:, which was then floated on the
462:Atomic Energy Authority Act 1995
391:Parliament of the United Kingdom
384:
373:Atomic Energy Authority Act 1995
355:Atomic Energy Authority Act 1986
278:Atomic Energy Authority Act 1971
215:Atomic Energy Authority Act 1954
38:
4084:Energy Saving Trust Recommended
3898:Campaign against Climate Change
2321:Independent Complaints Reviewer
657:Manufacturing Technology Centre
598:Culham Centre for Fusion Energy
550:Culham Centre for Fusion Energy
102:Culham Centre for Fusion Energy
3869:Non-governmental organisations
3812:Energy performance certificate
3496:North Sea Transition Authority
2097:Civil Nuclear Police Authority
495:Civil Nuclear Police Authority
1:
4000:Oil Depletion Analysis Centre
3985:Energy Technologies Institute
3822:Low Carbon Building Programme
3664:North Seas Energy Cooperation
3413:Office for Nuclear Regulation
2919:TotalEnergies Gas & Power
2304:Government Office for Science
2206:Central Arbitration Committee
1958:Minister of State for Climate
1530:Office for Nuclear Regulation
304:, the spent-fuel facility at
3792:CRC Energy Efficiency Scheme
3604:Hydroelectric power stations
3476:National Transmission System
3383:Franco-British Nuclear Forum
2409:Energy in the United Kingdom
2326:Office of Manpower Economics
2048:Intellectual Property Office
1851:Franco-British Nuclear Forum
1515:Nuclear Industry Association
1352:Energy in the United Kingdom
840:Annan, Dumfries and Galloway
809:Atomic Weapons Establishment
566:apprentice training centre.
282:The Radiochemical Centre Ltd
159:non-departmental public body
51:Non-departmental public body
4101:National Home Energy Rating
3944:Energy Networks Association
3654:List of offshore wind farms
3393:National Nuclear Laboratory
3378:Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor
3303:Grid Trade Master Agreement
2299:Financial Reporting Council
2211:Competition Appeal Tribunal
2190:Regulatory Policy Committee
2127:Small Business Commissioner
2107:Committee on Climate Change
2092:British Hallmarking Council
2002:Non-ministerial departments
1505:National Nuclear Laboratory
922:Atomic Energy Authority Act
804:Historical site locations:
798:Advanced Manufacturing Park
647:Oxfordshire Advanced Skills
632:Materials Research Facility
626:Materials Research Facility
564:Oxfordshire Advanced Skills
539:Babcock International Group
521:Health and Safety Executive
489:, was reconstituted as the
434:Status: Current legislation
223:The first chairman was Sir
137:/uk-atomic-energy-authority
4212:
4059:Code for Sustainable Homes
3827:Non-Fossil Fuel Obligation
3802:Display Energy Certificate
3659:List of onshore wind farms
3026:Wales & West Utilities
2985:Western Power Distribution
2814:Engie Energy International
2316:Groceries Code Adjudicator
2294:Commissioner for Shale Gas
2137:UK Research and Innovation
2132:UK Atomic Energy Authority
1813:(research and development)
1500:Civil Nuclear Constabulary
1306:- Daily Telegraph obituary
781:Authority site locations:
681:
666:
595:
491:Civil Nuclear Constabulary
366:United Kingdom legislation
300:, the enrichment plant at
4113:
4039:
4026:
4010:UK Energy Research Centre
3949:Energy Retail Association
3874:
3863:
3700:
3695:Government and regulation
3689:
3586:Geothermal power stations
3293:Energy switching services
3203:Coal-fired power stations
3184:
3173:
3152:
2428:
2415:
2359:
2160:Committee on Fuel Poverty
1883:
1870:Nuclear power in Scotland
1379:
1347:
587:Facilities and programmes
383:
378:
294:British Nuclear Fuels Ltd
37:
4091:Greenhouse gas emissions
3990:Met Office Hadley Centre
3837:Renewable Heat Incentive
3777:Climate Change Agreement
3722:Climate Change Committee
3511:Oil-fired power stations
3466:Greenhouse gas emissions
3403:Nuclear Liabilities Fund
3273:East–West Interconnector
3223:Greenhouse gas emissions
2258:Medical Research Council
1525:Nuclear Liabilities Fund
1052:"UKAEA's First 50 Years"
4171:1954 in the environment
4054:Close the Door campaign
4005:Sunbury Research Centre
3772:Climate Change Act 2008
3451:Forties pipeline system
3308:Gridlink Interconnector
1131:. UKAEA. Archived from
357:put the authority into
308:, and the dual-purpose
268:21 nuclear weapon tests
260:highly enriched uranium
117:ÂŁ202 million (2019/20)
3908:National Energy Action
3669:Wind power in Scotland
3563:Renewable Fuels Agency
3553:Biofuel power stations
3408:Nuclear power stations
2975:SSE Power Distribution
2960:Electricity North West
2640:Rockhopper Exploration
1430:NNB Generation Company
1409:Sheffield Forgemasters
583:
231:Industrial Group: Sir
3842:Renewables Obligation
3526:Petroleum Revenue Tax
3011:Northern Gas Networks
2819:Horizon Nuclear Power
2351:Pubs Code Adjudicator
2341:Oil and Gas Authority
2289:Certification Officer
2284:British Business Bank
1460:British Nuclear Group
1435:Horizon Nuclear Power
1384:Great British Nuclear
1226:Heraldry of the World
788:, Culham, Oxfordshire
786:Culham Science Centre
641:Henry Royce Institute
581:
470:London Stock Exchange
157:. It is an executive
3501:Offshore Energies UK
3471:Hydrocarbon Oil Duty
3323:Moyle Interconnector
3245:Open-pit coal mining
856:Daresbury Laboratory
320:producing reactors.
262:, and materials for
237:Research Group: Sir
178:Joint European Torus
4079:Energy Saving Trust
4033:Energy conservation
3787:Climate Change Levy
3737:Energy Saving Trust
3649:Offshore wind power
3288:Electricity billing
3238:National Coal Board
3213:Coal mining regions
3016:Phoenix Natural Gas
2909:Phoenix Natural Gas
2693:Amec Foster Wheeler
2112:Competition Service
1423:New build operators
1086:Walter C. Patterson
898:Springfields (near
716:
341:Ministry of Defence
254:, and the need for
243:Weapons Group: Sir
34:
4166:1954 in technology
3913:Stop Climate Chaos
3742:Environment Agency
3516:Oil infrastructure
3481:Natural gas fields
3461:Gas infrastructure
3313:HVDC Cross-Channel
3067:SP Energy Networks
2970:SP Energy Networks
2965:Northern Powergrid
2216:Copyright Tribunal
2180:Low Pay Commission
2043:Insolvency Service
2030:Executive agencies
1807:(fuel manufacture)
1781:uranium enrichment
1135:on 5 January 2013.
584:
570:Current activities
452:legislation.gov.uk
339:, directly to the
233:Christopher Hinton
74:Official language
64:Abingdon-on-Thames
4133:
4132:
4109:
4108:
4022:
4021:
4018:
4017:
3954:Green Power Forum
3859:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3832:Planning Act 2008
3685:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3298:Green electricity
3169:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3097:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3034:
3033:
2980:UK Power Networks
2937:
2936:
2929:Utility Warehouse
2899:Outfox the Market
2835:Vedanta Resources
2736:
2735:
2607:Melrose Resources
2600:JKX Oil & Gas
2593:Hardy Oil and Gas
2375:
2374:
2230:Research councils
2224:
2223:
2122:Salix Finance Ltd
1899:
1898:
1769:Non-reactor sites
1764:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1520:Nuclear Institute
1488:
1487:
1443:
1442:
771:
770:
609:spherical tokamak
537:In October 2009,
458:
457:
379:Act of Parliament
329:nuclear deterrent
273:and the Pacific.
143:
142:
16:(Redirected from
4203:
4121:
4120:
4028:
3939:Energy Institute
3876:
3865:
3817:Fossil Fuel Levy
3702:
3691:
3596:Hydroelectricity
3541:
3186:
3175:
3154:
3119:Aquamarine Power
3045:
2948:
2797:
2747:
2564:Desire Petroleum
2547:Capricorn Energy
2501:
2430:
2417:
2402:
2395:
2388:
2379:
2365:
2364:
2077:
2069:Non-departmental
2015:HM Land Registry
1986:Kevin Hollinrake
1926:
1919:
1912:
1903:
1889:
1888:
1709:
1550:
1475:Scottish Nuclear
1470:Nuclear Electric
1377:
1370:
1334:
1327:
1320:
1311:
1304:Harry Cartwright
1280:
1279:
1277:Official website
1262:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1125:
1119:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1096:
1082:
1076:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1048:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1027:on 14 March 2012
1023:. Archived from
1017:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1006:
997:
989:
757:E Minimis Maxima
724:
717:
388:
387:
374:
369:
331:, including the
139:
136:
134:
132:
130:
128:
42:
35:
21:
4211:
4210:
4206:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4201:
4200:
4136:
4135:
4134:
4129:
4118:
4105:
4035:
4014:
3968:
3927:Industry bodies
3922:
3881:pressure groups
3880:
3870:
3851:
3807:Energy Act 2013
3758:
3757:Legislation and
3751:
3696:
3673:
3635:
3623:
3590:
3572:
3530:
3427:
3364:
3338:Reserve Service
3249:
3180:
3161:
3148:
3089:
3071:
3030:
2989:
2933:
2840:
2792:
2786:
2732:
2708:John Wood Group
2676:
2672:Murco Petroleum
2655:
2633:Regal Petroleum
2526:
2520:
2495:
2488:
2424:
2411:
2406:
2376:
2371:
2355:
2346:Ordnance Survey
2272:
2220:
2194:
2148:
2073:
2070:
2062:
2058:UK Space Agency
2038:Companies House
2024:
1996:
1935:
1930:
1900:
1895:
1879:
1857:Nuclear or Not?
1839:
1816:
1756:
1742:Hinkley Point C
1723:
1698:
1669:Hinkley Point A
1629:
1610:
1601:Hinkley Point B
1581:
1539:
1484:
1465:Magnox Electric
1439:
1418:
1361:
1343:
1338:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1266:
1265:
1255:
1253:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1230:
1228:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1205:
1203:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1180:
1178:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1155:
1153:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1117:Additional link
1109:
1107:
1105:
1094:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1071:
1067:
1057:
1055:
1050:
1049:
1040:
1030:
1028:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1004:
1002:
995:
991:
990:
986:
981:
918:
779:
773:
712:
704:South Yorkshire
695:
686:
680:
671:
665:
649:
628:
600:
594:
589:
572:
483:Energy Act 2004
479:
435:
428:8 November 1995
393:
385:
372:
367:
211:
125:
114:
104:
85:
78:British English
75:
68:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4209:
4207:
4199:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4138:
4137:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4114:
4111:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4087:
4086:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4031:
4024:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3976:
3974:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3930:
3928:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3920:
3918:Tyndall Centre
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3884:
3882:
3872:
3871:
3868:
3861:
3860:
3857:
3856:
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3852:
3850:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
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3779:
3774:
3769:
3763:
3761:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3708:
3706:
3698:
3697:
3694:
3687:
3686:
3683:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3645:
3643:
3637:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3616:
3614:Severn Barrage
3611:
3609:Mersey Barrage
3606:
3600:
3598:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3582:
3580:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3549:
3547:
3538:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3523:
3521:Oil refineries
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3437:
3435:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3374:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3357:
3355:Power stations
3352:
3350:North Sea Link
3347:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3335:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3259:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3247:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3235:
3233:miners' strike
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3198:Coal Authority
3194:
3192:
3182:
3181:
3179:Energy sources
3178:
3171:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3081:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3053:
3051:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2997:
2995:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2956:
2954:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2926:
2924:Utilita Energy
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2889:Octopus Energy
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2859:Bristol Energy
2856:
2850:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2805:
2803:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2753:
2751:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2684:
2682:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2636:
2629:
2622:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2596:
2589:
2587:Harbour Energy
2584:
2579:
2574:
2571:Emerald Energy
2567:
2560:
2558:Dana Petroleum
2555:
2550:
2543:
2538:
2530:
2528:
2527:and production
2522:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2507:
2505:
2498:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2481:
2474:
2467:
2460:
2453:
2446:
2443:Anglo American
2438:
2436:
2426:
2425:
2420:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2397:
2390:
2382:
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2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2234:
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2226:
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2222:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2202:
2200:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2102:Coal Authority
2099:
2094:
2089:
2083:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2034:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2006:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1988:
1979:
1973:
1971:George Freeman
1964:
1955:
1945:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1921:
1914:
1906:
1897:
1896:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1860:
1853:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1826:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1798:Windscale fire
1795:
1785:
1784:
1783:
1772:
1770:
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1477:
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1457:
1455:British Energy
1451:
1449:
1445:
1444:
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1440:
1438:
1437:
1432:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1419:
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1411:
1406:
1404:Sellafield Ltd
1401:
1396:
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1386:
1380:
1374:
1367:
1363:
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1329:
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1314:
1308:
1307:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1270:
1269:External links
1267:
1264:
1263:
1238:
1213:
1188:
1163:
1151:www.ccfe.ac.uk
1138:
1120:
1103:
1077:
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1038:
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682:Main article:
679:
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667:Main article:
664:
661:
648:
645:
627:
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596:Main article:
593:
590:
588:
585:
571:
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528:Sellafield Ltd
481:Following the
478:
475:
466:AEA Technology
456:
455:
444:
443:
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436:
433:
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420:
419:
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405:
404:
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389:
381:
380:
376:
375:
365:
276:Following the
264:hydrogen bombs
248:
247:
245:William Penney
241:
239:John Cockcroft
235:
210:
207:
196:Harwell Campus
141:
140:
135:/organisations
123:
119:
118:
115:
112:
109:
108:
99:
93:
92:
89:Ian T. Chapman
86:
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3879:Charities and
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3705:Organisations
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3491:North Sea oil
3489:
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3479:
3477:
3474:
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3456:Fuel protests
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3328:National Grid
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3309:
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3085:National Grid
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3057:National Grid
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3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
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3006:Firmus Energy
3004:
3002:
2999:
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2986:
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2879:Firmus Energy
2877:
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2829:Vattenfall UK
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2815:
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2777:ScottishPower
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2626:Pharos Energy
2623:
2621:
2618:
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2464:GCM Resources
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2071:public bodies
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2018:
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2011:
2008:
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2005:
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1992:Lord Callanan
1989:
1987:
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1968:
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1962:Graham Stuart
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1493:Organisations
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1357:Nuclear power
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881:(now part of
880:
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837:
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794:, Oxfordshire
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732:12 April 1955
731:
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551:
546:
544:
543:UKAEA Limited
541:plc acquired
540:
535:
531:
529:
524:
522:
517:
515:
514:UKAEA Limited
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
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476:
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364:
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326:
321:
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307:
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299:
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291:
287:
286:radioisotopes
283:
279:
274:
272:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
246:
242:
240:
236:
234:
230:
229:
228:
226:
225:Edwin Plowden
221:
218:
216:
208:
206:
203:
199:
197:
192:
190:
186:
181:
179:
175:
171:
166:
164:
160:
156:
155:fusion energy
152:
151:UK government
148:
138:
124:
120:
116:
110:
107:
103:
100:
98:
94:
90:
87:
81:
77:
71:
65:
62:
61:
59:
55:
52:
49:
45:
41:
36:
30:
19:
4123:
3888:Ashden Award
3712:Carbon Trust
3446:Dash for Gas
3441:BBL Pipeline
3422:
3156:
3129:Hi-Gen Power
3040:Transmission
2943:Distribution
2914:Shell Energy
2864:Co-op Energy
2833:
2638:
2631:
2624:
2614:Ophir Energy
2612:
2605:
2598:
2591:
2582:Essar Energy
2569:
2562:
2545:
2533:
2476:
2469:
2462:
2455:
2448:
2441:
2366:
1977:Nusrat Ghani
1953:Grant Shapps
1890:
1862:
1855:
1822:Anti-nuclear
1805:Springfields
1674:Hunterston A
1606:Hunterston B
1534:
1480:NuGeneration
1254:. Retrieved
1250:
1241:
1229:. Retrieved
1225:
1216:
1204:. Retrieved
1200:
1191:
1179:. Retrieved
1175:
1166:
1154:. Retrieved
1150:
1141:
1133:the original
1123:
1108:. Retrieved
1090:
1080:
1068:
1056:. Retrieved
1029:. Retrieved
1025:the original
1015:
1003:. Retrieved
999:
987:
947:John Dolphin
803:
780:
772:
756:
710:Coat of arms
696:
693:H3AT and FTF
687:
672:
650:
629:
622:consortium.
617:
601:
573:
561:
554:
548:In 2009 the
547:
536:
532:
525:
518:
511:
480:
477:21st century
461:
459:
424:Royal assent
363:
359:trading fund
352:
345:
322:
298:Springfields
290:Amersham plc
275:
271:in Australia
249:
222:
219:
212:
204:
200:
193:
182:
167:
146:
144:
97:Subsidiaries
29:
3959:RenewableUK
3893:Bioregional
3759:initiatives
3629:Solar power
3433:Oil and gas
3255:Electricity
3049:Electricity
2952:Electricity
2894:Opus Energy
2884:Good Energy
2728:WesternGeco
2688:Abbot Group
2646:Star Energy
2525:Exploration
2142:Innovate UK
1835:Energy Fair
1689:Trawsfynydd
1664:Dungeness A
1659:Chapelcross
1654:Calder Hall
1596:Dungeness B
1399:Rolls-Royce
1256:17 February
1097:. Paladin.
836:Chapelcross
813:Aldermaston
800:, Rotherham
337:Aldermaston
314:Chapelcross
310:Calder Hall
174:Oxfordshire
133:/government
4140:Categories
3641:Wind power
3619:Wave farms
3578:Geothermal
3536:Renewables
3506:Oil fields
3418:Sellafield
3283:Economy 10
3208:Coal mines
3134:Mark Group
3001:Cadent Gas
2904:OVO Energy
2869:Ecotricity
2809:Drax Group
2801:Generation
2793:and supply
2791:Generation
2767:EDF Energy
2750:Integrated
2723:Weir Group
2651:Tullow Oil
2504:Integrated
2053:Met Office
1788:Sellafield
1776:Capenhurst
1752:Sizewell C
1737:Bradwell B
1719:Sizewell B
1684:Sizewell A
1562:Hartlepool
1394:Magnox Ltd
1389:EDF Energy
1172:"About us"
1058:17 January
979:References
893:Warrington
883:Sellafield
864:Warrington
850:Warrington
822:Capenhurst
747:Supporters
741:Escutcheon
620:EUROfusion
413:1995 c. 37
399:Long title
302:Capenhurst
84:Key people
3278:Economy 7
3114:APX Group
2874:ESB Group
2742:Utilities
2667:Greenergy
2478:Rio Tinto
2422:Companies
2080:Executive
1941:Ministers
1572:Heysham 2
1567:Heysham 1
1366:Companies
1231:15 August
1129:"History"
879:Windscale
874:Caithness
860:Daresbury
817:Berkshire
777:Locations
761:Symbolism
700:Rotherham
318:plutonium
316:military
306:Windscale
256:plutonium
165:(DESNZ).
4124:Category
4069:EcoHomes
3973:Research
3545:Biofuels
2854:100Green
2824:Renantis
2757:Centrica
2713:Petrofac
2553:Centrica
2494:Oil and
2471:Glencore
2368:Category
2199:Tribunal
2153:Advisory
1892:Category
1811:Winfrith
1747:Moorside
1649:Bradwell
1644:Berkeley
1637:(closed)
1625:Dounreay
1618:(closed)
1589:(closed)
1545:Reactors
1251:Facebook
1088:(1985).
1031:26 March
1005:22 March
916:See also
906:Winfrith
870:Dounreay
846:Culcheth
630:UKAEA's
503:Dounreay
409:Citation
113:Budget
57:Location
3370:Nuclear
3333:Control
3268:BritNed
3228:History
3157:italics
3144:Wavegen
3124:EnServe
3109:Aggreko
2762:E.ON UK
2703:Hunting
2681:Support
2620:Perenco
2577:EnQuest
2484:UK Coal
1729:Planned
1679:Oldbury
1577:Torness
1448:Defunct
1373:Current
1206:11 July
1181:11 July
1156:11 July
1110:12 June
900:Preston
826:Chester
729:Adopted
605:tokamak
507:Harwell
209:History
161:of the
122:Website
3634:
3388:Magnox
2846:Supply
2772:Npower
2660:Supply
1712:Active
1635:Magnox
1414:Urenco
1201:GOV.UK
1176:GOV.UK
1101:
910:Dorset
891:(near
889:Risley
862:(near
848:(near
838:(near
824:(near
185:record
170:Culham
3995:Narec
3717:Cenex
3558:NNFCC
3102:Other
2718:Qserv
2698:Expro
2535:Afren
2516:Shell
2277:Other
2020:Ofgem
1844:Other
1694:Wylfa
1095:(PDF)
1000:UKAEA
996:(PDF)
753:Motto
735:Crest
418:Dates
348:Nirex
149:is a
91:(CEO)
18:UKAEA
3190:Coal
2457:ENRC
2434:Coal
1258:2024
1233:2022
1208:2019
1183:2019
1158:2019
1112:2009
1099:ISBN
1060:2014
1033:2013
1007:2022
942:BNFL
613:MAST
353:The
323:The
312:and
189:DTE3
145:The
129:.gov
47:Type
4096:HTB
3077:Gas
3021:SGN
2994:Gas
2782:SSE
2541:BHP
2496:gas
2450:BHP
1704:PWR
1616:FBR
1587:AGR
1554:AGR
949:CBE
335:at
172:in
131:.uk
127:www
4142::
2511:BP
1984::
1969::
1960::
1951::
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1199:.
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1041:^
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872:,
858:,
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258:,
183:A
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