958:
2216:
851:
91:
1168:'s Panorama concluded that the operation of more than 20,000 Combined Sewer Overflow pipes (CSO) was leading to the routine spillage of untreated wastes around Britain's coastline, potentially leading to very dirty water around some of the most popular beaches in the UK. The CSOs, intended for use in very rare occasions, were not covered by the existing legislation for waste emissions.
792:
35:
3772:
303:). In England and Wales, water services are primarily provided by privatized companies, while in Scotland and Northern Ireland, these services are managed by publicly owned entities. Each region's unique approach is explored in separate articles, while this article is devoted to some common issues across the United Kingdom.
527:
contributes 30 per cent of public supply water in
England. In Wales and Scotland groundwater provides about five per cent of public supply. The majority of the UK's abstraction of surface water is from reservoirs, where rainwater is transported via rivers and streams and contained in an artificial or
985:
The law has frequently failed to ensure businesses are fully responsible for water pollution. In principle, a water authority used to be strictly liable for damage it caused. However, more recently water company liability particularly for sewerage leaks has not appeared to as a sufficient deterrent.
908:
of inflation, reduced by efficiency savings (X), but allowing for capital investment (K). This means prices could be fixed down or go up. Companies must publicise an annual charging scheme approved by Ofwat, while Ofwat must openly report its work programme, report to the
Secretary of State, keep a
921:
for breaches of conditions. After unacceptable experience of people being disconnected by private companies for non-payment, new regulations introduced exemptions for vulnerable customers, particularly people who are unable to pay, have large families or have medical conditions. Everyone has the
1118:
A particularity of water tariffs in the U.K. is the low share of metering. Most users are not billed on a volumetric basis and have no financial incentive for water conservation. Since the 1990s efforts have been made to increase the share of household metering, which reached 33% in 2008. The
888:
licences companies (known as water "undertakers") to operate water and sewer services with "instruments of appointment", and can impose various conditions. Licences usually last 25 years but can be terminated on 10 years notice by government. Because of public outcry over rising prices, the
884:) has at least three members appointed the Secretary of State, and is meant to "protect the interests of consumers, wherever appropriate by promoting effective competition" and yet ensure companies have a "reasonable returns on their capital", rather than simply act in the public interest.
2204:
940:
has powers of investigation. There are further standards for water companies to keep up water pressure in pipes, respond quickly to letters, phone calls and keep appointments, restore supply and provide water in emergencies, and stop sewer flooding or compensate up to £1000. Finally, the
1648:
ss 66A-L. Slightly different, WIA 1991 ss 105A-C enables transfer of lateral drains and private sewers to water companies where they were draining to a public mains sewer and treatment works, to avoid deterioration. Water
Industry (Schemes for Adoption of Private Sewers) Regulations SI
1135:) is calling for the government to set out a strategy to install water meters in at least 80% of England where there is the greatest pressure on the freshwater environment and people's pockets, by 2020. Studies show that water meters lead to a 5–15% reduction in household water use.
375:
c. 55) further mandated that all new houses have running water and internal drainage. By 1944, there were over 1000 water suppliers in
England and Wales, though 26 supplied half of the total volume, and 97 supplied an additional further quarter of total volume. The
311:
Historically, water for drinking, general use, or sewerage was largely left to private arrangements. The recurrence of water poisoning, and large public health crises were a part of people's ordinary existence until scientific advances of the 19th century. After the
4078:
1143:
In 2021, the UK Government
Department for Digital, Culture, Media & Sport launched an open competition called 'Fibre in Water' to explore the potential for delivering broadband and mobile phone services via drinking water mains.
3246:
1432:
art 11(1), which is ratified by the UK, both expressly protect the right to food, in which water is implicit. This was acknowledged by the UN Committee on
Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (2002) General Comment No
889:
government tried to construct more competition, with the Water Act 2014 requiring suppliers can access or pump water through other providers' pipes, for a reasonable cost, so that consumers might choose their company.
3328:
3048:
1156:
reported a significant decline in river quality due to abstraction carried out by water companies. The report calls for water companies to be charged more for using the most environmentally vulnerable rivers and
2168:
922:
right to be connect to a water supply and to sewers, but the cost of new connections is borne by the customer. UK water quality is generally high, since large new investments were made following the
1110:(price) without sewerage in the U.K. for large consumers was the equivalent of US$ 1.90 per cubic metre. This was the third-highest tariff among the 14 mostly OECD countries covered by the report.
4253:
866:
In
England there are 10 private regional water and sewerage companies and 13 mostly smaller private "water only" companies. Each company board is typically accountable to shareholders, mostly
3111:
1493:
requires an 8–13 member board appointed by the
Scottish Ministers as experts. The Water (Scotland) Act 1980, contains duties and functions. The Sewerage (Scotland) Act 1968 deals with sewage.
4552:
3086:
1012:
745:
1759:
art 4, meaning water is free from any micro-organisms and parasites dangerous to health, and complies with chemical and biological standards listed in Annex I. This is implemented by the
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3116:
3144:
2761:
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2656:
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1022:
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874:. While both UK and EU law is clear that water companies, even if privatised, still are public bodies, these companies pursue shareholder profit, only restricted by regulation.
2161:
3635:
3600:
3590:
2117:
1732:
s 44. This does not mean that company profits' are reduced by vulnerable customers, as companies can raise prices for other customers to ensure their profits are not reduced.
1806:
on bathing water quality, where the CJEU confirmed fines of a €624,150 per year and per 1% of bathing areas in
Spanish inshore waters which were found not to conform to the
4093:
3645:
3166:
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3101:
3308:
2199:
2189:
537:
3595:
3156:
2909:
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292:
659:
992:
the Court of Appeal held that fines for pollution should always be set to ensure sufficient deterrence, but on the facts reduced a fine from £200,000 to £60,000. In
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3013:
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2154:
1197:
707:
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supply with toxic chemicals, because it said the loss was not "reasonably foreseeable" and therefore too remote. These cases sit uneasily with the principle that
2056:
3657:
3303:
3081:
1760:
4517:
3988:
3767:
2194:
1792:
s 19 of accepting undertakings from water companies (instead of s 18 enforcement orders) was not an adequate legal framework to comply with EU law. Contrast
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2615:
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4282:
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2422:
2417:
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1940:
56:
43:
3928:
3787:
3739:
2980:
2925:
2899:
2874:
2605:
2549:
2459:
2437:
2080:
1212:
427:
and sanitation in the UK is universal. In 2015, 100% of the population had access to improved water supply and 99% of the population had access to "
415:, a publicly owned entity, continues to manage these services, and as a result has maintained significantly lower prices than in England and Wales.
3149:
3509:
3318:
2960:
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was not liable in nuisance, or for breach of a homeowner's right to property, as sewerage repeatedly overflowed residents' gardens. According to
1852:
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926:
571:
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2432:
2371:
2311:
2296:
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2271:
2246:
1207:
1877:
957:
2579:
1709:
1472:. D Hall, E Lobina and P Terhorst, 'Re-municipalisation in the early twenty-first century: water in France and energy in Germany' (2013)
1161:
in drier parts of the country, with cheaper rates where water is more abundant. It also called for higher water charges during droughts.
4003:
3948:
3891:
3810:
3754:
3722:
3556:
3241:
3006:
2965:
2859:
2519:
2504:
2474:
2469:
2321:
881:
2671:
1981:
D Hall, E Lobina and P Terhorst, 'Re-municipalisation in the early twenty-first century: water in France and energy in
Germany' (2013)
1020:
was responsible for trespass and pollution of canalways, but only before 1991 when statutory reform provided immunity. By contrast, in
3978:
3958:
3901:
3866:
3514:
3482:
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1780:
545:
2620:
3973:
3871:
3526:
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1715:
918:
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693:
4058:
3610:
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2796:
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4121:
3938:
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3497:
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3256:
3221:
3195:
2610:
2499:
2489:
2726:
2559:
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3856:
3782:
3630:
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3426:
3216:
2999:
2781:
2776:
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1039:
988:
845:
721:
3677:
2806:
2766:
2711:
2706:
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2666:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2256:
2791:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2721:
2316:
1972:(2009) finding 7% of companies were privatised, and suggesting even if this is too low, 15% would be a "generous estimate".
1634:
648:
4510:
4277:
4083:
4013:
3983:
3953:
3918:
3820:
3792:
3710:
3618:
3502:
3281:
3031:
670:
313:
1542:
4396:
4320:
4292:
4238:
4041:
4031:
3968:
3923:
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3749:
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3431:
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3231:
4287:
4265:
4228:
4210:
4151:
4073:
4063:
3998:
3861:
3825:
3623:
3401:
3040:
1753:
1617:
1514:
There is, however, a "Customer Forum" without any binding rights, but which may have some useful input: see S Hendry,
1398:
1050:
937:
1999:
1713:(1998) 31 HLR 224 finding automatic disconnection from water through a prepayment meter did not comply with the law.
933:
section 18 to uphold drinking quality standards, rather than being content with "undertakings" from water companies.
1719:
EnvLR 114, stopped disconnections or limiting devices. The Water Industry Act 1999 stopped arbitrary disconnections.
4347:
4248:
4088:
1128:
942:
48:
4483:
4243:
4048:
4021:
3531:
3411:
2038:
1187:
1119:
Environment Agency would like to see 75% of households metered by 2025. The Fairness on Tap coalition (including
994:
733:
564:
364:
360:
4381:
3911:
3551:
3298:
1729:
1252:
949:, but its members are not elected by water customers and it has no legal power to bind Ofwat or the companies.
385:
1807:
1803:
4526:
4439:
4260:
4195:
3906:
3563:
1586:
1564:
1035:
930:
637:
627:
617:
597:
587:
246:
1661:
ss 11–12, price determinations and conditions set in Instruments of Appointment, Condition B, each 5 years.
4376:
3441:
2097:
974:
825:
817:
In Scotland, it was thought that competition in sewer and water services could pose a public health risk.
519:
According to the Environment Agency, total water abstraction for public water supply in the UK was 16,406
368:
356:
344:
337:
300:
1384:
1077:
A 2022 study, found that over 70% of the English water industry is in foreign hands (foreign ownership).
900:
has always set upper limits to prices, historically for 5-year periods. This has followed the formula of
367:
provided model constitutions for the growing number of private and local government water companies. The
4531:
4371:
4327:
4190:
3776:
1799:
1794:
1785:
1553:
1124:
681:
352:
317:
104:
1810:
1756:
1346:
2135:
1970:
Public private partnerships for urban water utilities: A review of experiences in developing countries
4391:
4332:
4185:
4158:
3669:
2057:"Fibre in Water: Improving access to advanced broadband and mobile services via drinking water mains"
1086:
901:
557:
929:, requiring water is "wholesome and clean". Ofwat is required to issue enforcement orders under the
850:
4468:
4386:
4364:
4359:
4342:
4337:
4315:
4205:
4163:
2215:
1027:
428:
325:
115:
4463:
4419:
4200:
4178:
4173:
4141:
4053:
3226:
1621:
1046:
946:
905:
893:
871:
837:
401:
1459:(2014) ch 5, 86 and C Harlow and R Rawlings, Law and Administration (3rd edn 2009) ch 7, 292–304
250:
1616:
s 11. The Water Act 2003 s 52 gives Ofwat a duty to cooperate with the Secretary of State, the
4478:
4424:
4026:
2141:
1694:
Ofwat and the CMA also have jurisdiction for mergers for companies with a size over £10m p/a:
1305:
1177:
978:
909:
register of appointments and make information on costs available. Companies can appeal to the
759:
333:
157:
17:
2021:
1763:
4473:
4456:
4451:
4434:
4414:
4297:
4233:
4220:
3073:
1017:
1007:
999:
393:
372:
359:, local government began building drains, sewers, and piping clean water to households. The
348:
262:
90:
1926:
Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC recital 53, and see E Fisher, B Lange and E Scotford,
1549:
Fish Legal v Information Commissioner, United Utilities, Yorkshire Water and Southern Water
1006:, the owners had to use statutory mechanisms to secure accountability rather than suing in
4146:
4036:
3727:
3687:
2084:
1571:
1182:
1153:
1031:
810:
The publicly owned Scottish Water is appointed by Scottish ministers, and overseen by the
541:
411:
Scotland retained public ownership of its water services following a public campaign, and
284:
2146:
1567:
332:
had become so bad smelling that it offended the Queen and forced Parliament to relocate,
1589:
404:, each operating as a local monopoly, subject to price caps of a new regulator known as
3759:
3640:
3578:
3139:
3022:
1832:
1575:
1412:
1317:
1120:
1054:
867:
803:
786:
774:
770:
607:
412:
397:
381:
377:
288:
80:
1490:
4546:
3815:
3376:
3274:
3264:
3063:
3058:
1864:
1003:
795:
1320:
ss 4, 83–85 were the initial privatisation provisions. See C Harlow and R Rawlings,
806:. Its prices are around 10% lower than privatised English and Welsh water companies.
3682:
3053:
1107:
966:
859:
855:
841:
424:
329:
1982:
1831:
Water Supply and Sewerage Services (Customer Service Standards) Regulations 2008 (
1601:
1503:
1473:
1469:
1334:
4168:
4098:
1429:
1370:
970:
661:
Water Supply and Sewerage Services (Customer Service Standards) Regulations 2008
524:
773:, and basic to survival. While the UK has the fortune of substantial rainfall,
799:
4446:
4354:
1633:
e.g. R Graham, 'Water in the UK – public versus private' (19 December 2014)
1425:
777:
means water resources are under pressure, and less predictable than before.
520:
231:
Three regulators, one each for England/Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland
1941:"Revealed: more than 70% of English water industry is in foreign ownership"
791:
291:
features diverse institutional arrangements across its constituent parts: (
34:
2991:
1728:
Water Industry (Charges) (Vulnerable Groups) Regulations SI 1999/3441 and
1237:
Progress on sanitation and drinking water – 2015 update and MDG assessment
4307:
1845:
1789:
1741:
1695:
1682:
1670:
1658:
1645:
1613:
1266:
1090:
1058:
858:
drinking water, bathing waters, and the general environment, like at the
824:
water and sewerage services are also provided by a single public entity,
389:
256:
2114:
Principles of Enterprise Law: the Economic Constitution and Human Rights
1444:
Principles of Enterprise Law: the Economic Constitution and Human Rights
4133:
1158:
321:
4429:
1867:
at the time of the Commission on the London Water Supply report, 1828
1236:
962:
923:
508:
1062:
549:
4406:
2142:
Water Resources Management in Cooperation with Agriculture project
956:
914:
897:
885:
877:
849:
790:
405:
1788:, on the failure to transpose the Directive. The UK system under
1089:
jobs in 2012/13, according to an analysis by the consulting firm
1489:
Water Industry (Scotland) Act 2002, constitutes Scottish Water.
1132:
945:
is meant to hear complaints and publicise issues with Ofwat and
384:
finally consolidated the management of water resources into ten
4119:
2995:
2150:
553:
1165:
504:
28:
2081:
Britain's rivers 'being ruined by demands of water companies'
2039:"2010 to 2015 government policy: water and sewerage services"
324:
as drinking water being polluted by excrement. Following the
1239:, Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation
388:
for England and Wales, along with additional authorities in
206:
97:
78:
2130:
1770:
1983 SC 225 water fluoridation was successfully challenged.
1333:
e.g. 'Water costs cheaper in Scotland' (19 February 2009)
1085:
Total employment by UK water companies amounted to 41,000
1468:
See 'Water costs cheaper in Scotland' (19 February 2009)
1106:
According to a 2006 survey by NUS consulting the average
1013:
Manchester Ship Canal Co Ltd v United Utilities Water Plc
747:
Manchester Ship Canal Co Ltd v United Utilities Water Plc
283:
are characterized by universal access and generally good
261:
Water and Sewage Services (Northern Ireland) Order 2006 (
814:, although it has no direct voting power for customers.
1042:
to ensure proper enforcement of clean water standards.
1093:. In addition, 86,000 jobs were supported indirectly.
1049:
is responsible for environmental regulation, and the
1023:
Cambridge Water Co Ltd v Eastern Counties Leather plc
380:
organised a national water supply policy, before the
141:
Average urban domestic water and sewer bill for 20m3
1878:
Department of Transport v North West Water Authority
1446:(Cambridge UP 2022) ch 13, 'Food, forests and water'
1053:
for regulating drinking water quality. The economic
4405:
4306:
4219:
4132:
4012:
3843:
3801:
3709:
3668:
3609:
3465:
3327:
3255:
3207:
3194:
3127:
3039:
3030:
2918:
2837:
2629:
2598:
2405:
2224:
2205:
Responsibilities in Latin America and the Caribbean
2182:
1987:
Private Island: Why Britain Belongs to Someone Else
1983:
27(2) International Review of Applied Economics 193
1710:
R (Oldham MBC) v Director General of Water Services
1604:, requiring "promoting the interests of customers".
1478:
Private Island: Why Britain Belongs to Someone Else
1474:
27(2) International Review of Applied Economics 193
396:. However, following a wave of privatisations, the
4553:Water supply and sanitation in the United Kingdom
538:Water supply and sanitation in the European Union
281:water supply and sanitation in the United Kingdom
1198:Water supply and sanitation in Northern Ireland
913:for disputes over access and price caps, while
709:Cambridge Water Ltd v East Counties Leather plc
1716:R (Lancashire CC) v Director of Water Services
695:Dept of Transport v North West Water Authority
3007:
2162:
2000:"Tapping into growth: economic impact report"
1761:Water Supply (Water Quality) Regulations 1989
565:
287:. Unlike many other developed countries, the
8:
1928:Environmental Law Text, Cases, and Materials
904:, where prices should rise no more than the
1624:, and the Natural Resources Body for Wales.
1164:In 2009, an investigation conducted by the
4129:
4116:
4112:
3849:
3715:
3475:
3471:
3204:
3200:
3036:
3014:
3000:
2992:
2169:
2155:
2147:
1269:, 5 April 2012, retrieved on July 24, 2012
1247:
1245:
1030:business was not liable for polluting the
572:
558:
550:
1213:Water supply and sanitation in Gibraltar
961:An 1828 cartoon of a woman dropping her
433:
59:of all important aspects of the article.
1280:A History of Water Rights at Common Law
1223:
1203:Water supply and sanitation in Scotland
1065:and the environmental regulator is the
269:
242:
235:
227:
219:
211:
198:
190:
182:
174:
166:
156:
148:
140:
132:
124:
113:
102:
2177:Water supply and sanitation by country
1600:cf Water Industry (Scotland) Act 2002
1267:How much does your water company leak?
1193:Water supply and sanitation in England
1067:Scottish Environment Protection Agency
1063:Water Industry Commission for Scotland
812:Water Industry Commission for Scotland
220:National water and sanitation company
167:Share of collected wastewater treated
75:
55:Please consider expanding the lead to
1985:and J Meek, 'Not a drop to drink' in
1744:ss 37, 45 (water) and 94–99 (sewers).
1476:and J Meek, 'Not a drop to drink' in
1293:Water Management in England and Wales
927:Drinking Water Quality Directive 1998
649:R (Oldham MBC) v DG of Water Services
183:Share of self-financing by utilities
7:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1208:Water supply and sanitation in Wales
255:Water Industry (Scotland) Act 2002 (
1543:Griffin v South West Water Services
1502:Water Industry (Scotland) Act 2002
882:Water Services Regulation Authority
528:natural lake until it is required.
212:Decentralization to municipalities
1968:(2014) ch 5, 78, quoting P Marin,
1574:, para 1. This was amended by the
862:, must be kept clean and improved.
546:London water supply infrastructure
236:Responsibility for policy setting
25:
1399:"Groundwater Resources in the UK"
1026:, the House of Lords held that a
911:Competition and Markets Authority
511:Joint Monitoring Program (2008)
400:changed the ten authorities into
2267:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2214:
1754:Drinking Water Quality Directive
1347:"WASHwatch.org – United Kingdom"
1304:e.g. Water (Scotland) Act 1980 (
133:Average urban water use (l/c/d)
89:
33:
4122:Countries of the United Kingdom
3222:Countries of the United Kingdom
1966:Frameworks for Water Law Reform
1529:Frameworks for Water Law Reform
1516:Frameworks for Water Law Reform
1457:Frameworks for Water Law Reform
228:Water and sanitation regulator
47:may be too short to adequately
3217:Counties of the United Kingdom
1040:Water Framework Directive 2000
989:R v Anglian Water Services Ltd
846:United Kingdom water companies
722:R v Anglian Water Services Ltd
444:Rural (10% of the population)
441:Urban (90% of the population)
320:first identified the cause of
57:provide an accessible overview
18:UK water supply and sanitation
1:
1324:(3rd edn 2009) ch 7, 293–295.
1152:In July 2011, the think tank
998:the House of Lords held that
781:Scotland and Northern Ireland
671:Drinking Water Directive 1998
314:Broad Street cholera outbreak
3989:Universal basic income (UBI)
1016:the Supreme Court held that
270:Number of service providers
199:Share of external financing
149:Share of household metering
3994:Water supply and sanitation
3693:Weapons of mass destruction
3678:His Majesty's Naval Service
1781:Commission v United Kingdom
1618:National Assembly for Wales
1051:Drinking Water Inspectorate
938:Drinking Water Inspectorate
917:can refer companies to the
402:ten private water companies
365:Waterworks Clauses Act 1863
361:Waterworks Clauses Act 1847
4569:
4089:Stereotypes of the British
943:Consumer Council for Water
896:always appeared unlikely,
835:
784:
535:
386:regional water authorities
272:
245:
238:
230:
222:
214:
201:
193:
185:
177:
169:
161:
151:
143:
135:
127:
119:
108:
4504:
4254:First Minister and deputy
4128:
4115:
4111:
3852:
3718:
3478:
3474:
3203:
2211:
1730:Floods and Water Act 2010
1188:Water Framework Directive
995:Marcic v Thames Water plc
756:
742:
734:Marcic v Thames Water plc
730:
718:
704:
690:
678:
668:
657:
645:
635:
625:
615:
605:
595:
585:
355:in each council, and the
175:Annual investment in WSS
125:Continuity of supply (%)
88:
3882:Environmental inequality
2138:'s water quality website
1808:Bathing Waters Directive
1148:Environmental criticisms
1038:, and the scheme of the
880:(technically called the
630:ss 37, 61(1A) and Sch 4A
351:c. 63), which created a
2098:Britain's Dirty Beaches
1768:McColl v Strathclyde RC
1587:Water Industry Act 1991
1565:Water Industry Act 1991
1518:(2014) ch 5, 95, fn 282
931:Water Industry Act 1991
892:As real competition in
802:used by publicly owned
638:Water Industry Act 1991
628:Water Industry Act 1991
618:Water Industry Act 1991
598:Water Industry Act 1991
588:Climate Change Act 2008
247:Water Industry Act 1991
191:Share of tax-financing
3768:Science and technology
2657:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1322:Law and Administration
1139:UK wide Fibre in Water
982:
975:London sewerage system
863:
826:Northern Ireland Water
807:
369:Public Health Act 1875
357:Public Health Act 1866
345:Public Health Act 1848
338:London sewerage system
83:: Water and Sanitation
3745:Free trade agreements
2002:. Water UK. June 2014
969:magnified. After the
960:
853:
794:
771:universal human right
353:local board of health
105:improved water source
4094:World Heritage Sites
3887:Environmental issues
3591:Female party leaders
3232:Overseas territories
2580:United Arab Emirates
1385:"Environment Agency"
1087:full-time equivalent
1036:polluters should pay
429:improved" sanitation
2971:Trinidad and Tobago
2762:Republic of Ireland
1010:. More recently in
423:Access to improved
336:began to build the
326:Great Stink of 1858
251:England & Wales
116:improved sanitation
3788:Telecommunications
3740:Economic geography
3596:Political scandals
3227:Crown Dependencies
2865:Dominican Republic
2200:Sub-Saharan Africa
2136:Environment Agency
2100:, 7 September 2009
1804:ECLI:EU:C:2003:635
1795:Commission v Spain
1685:ss 192A-B, 201–202
1622:Environment Agency
1235:WHO/UNICEF (2015)
1047:Environment Agency
983:
953:Environmental harm
906:retail price index
894:natural monopolies
872:Companies Act 2006
864:
838:UK water companies
808:
682:Commission v Spain
471:House connections
343:Starting with the
4540:
4539:
4500:
4499:
4496:
4495:
4492:
4491:
4107:
4106:
3839:
3838:
3705:
3704:
3701:
3700:
3586:Political parties
3510:Foreign relations
3461:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3190:
3189:
3167:Mass surveillance
3145:Foreign relations
3078:Second World War
2989:
2988:
2817:England and Wales
2118:Cambridge UP 2022
1178:UK enterprise law
1097:Financial aspects
979:Joseph Bazalgette
766:
765:
760:UK enterprise law
652:(1998) 31 HLR 224
580:Water law sources
523:per day in 2007.
501:
500:
455:Broad definition
373:38 & 39 Vict.
349:11 & 12 Vict.
334:Joseph Bazalgette
293:England and Wales
277:
276:
162:20% (2010–2011)
158:Non-revenue water
74:
73:
16:(Redirected from
4560:
4520:
4513:
4221:Northern Ireland
4130:
4117:
4113:
3850:
3763:
3716:
3574:House of Commons
3542:Local government
3476:
3472:
3382:Renewable energy
3367:hydroelectricity
3205:
3201:
3037:
3016:
3009:
3002:
2993:
2822:Northern Ireland
2621:Papua New Guinea
2219:
2218:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2148:
2101:
2094:
2088:
2078:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2022:"NUS Consulting"
2018:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2007:
1996:
1990:
1979:
1973:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1937:
1931:
1924:
1918:
1915:
1909:
1906:
1900:
1897:
1891:
1888:
1882:
1874:
1868:
1861:
1855:
1842:
1836:
1829:
1823:
1820:
1814:
1777:
1771:
1751:
1745:
1739:
1733:
1726:
1720:
1705:
1699:
1692:
1686:
1680:
1674:
1668:
1662:
1656:
1650:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1611:
1605:
1598:
1592:
1584:
1578:
1562:
1556:
1538:
1532:
1525:
1519:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1494:
1487:
1481:
1466:
1460:
1453:
1447:
1440:
1434:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1371:"WHO/UNICEF JMP"
1367:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1357:
1343:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1315:
1309:
1302:
1296:
1289:
1283:
1276:
1270:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1249:
1240:
1233:
1018:United Utilities
1000:Thames Water plc
977:was built under
822:Northern Ireland
748:
710:
696:
662:
574:
567:
560:
551:
532:Water regulation
434:
394:Northern Ireland
301:Northern Ireland
263:Northern Ireland
93:
76:
69:
66:
60:
37:
29:
21:
4568:
4567:
4563:
4562:
4561:
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4558:
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4542:
4541:
4536:
4523:
4516:
4509:
4488:
4401:
4302:
4215:
4124:
4103:
4008:
3964:Public holidays
3944:Life expectancy
3835:
3797:
3777:London Exchange
3773:Stock exchanges
3761:
3760:Pound sterling
3728:Bank of England
3697:
3688:Royal Air Force
3664:
3605:
3537:Law enforcement
3453:
3362:hydraulic frac.
3323:
3304:Lakes and lochs
3251:
3247:Former colonies
3186:
3182:Women's history
3157:Law enforcement
3123:
3069:First World War
3026:
3020:
2990:
2985:
2914:
2833:
2737:North Macedonia
2625:
2594:
2401:
2220:
2213:
2209:
2178:
2175:
2127:
2109:
2104:
2095:
2091:
2085:The Independent
2079:
2075:
2065:
2063:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2024:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2005:
2003:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1980:
1976:
1963:
1959:
1950:
1948:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1912:
1907:
1903:
1898:
1894:
1889:
1885:
1875:
1871:
1862:
1858:
1843:
1839:
1830:
1826:
1821:
1817:
1778:
1774:
1752:
1748:
1740:
1736:
1727:
1723:
1706:
1702:
1693:
1689:
1681:
1677:
1669:
1665:
1657:
1653:
1644:
1640:
1632:
1628:
1612:
1608:
1599:
1595:
1585:
1581:
1563:
1559:
1539:
1535:
1531:(2014) ch 5, 81
1526:
1522:
1513:
1509:
1501:
1497:
1488:
1484:
1467:
1463:
1454:
1450:
1441:
1437:
1424:
1420:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1355:
1353:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1332:
1328:
1316:
1312:
1303:
1299:
1290:
1286:
1277:
1273:
1264:
1260:
1251:
1250:
1243:
1234:
1225:
1221:
1183:EU water policy
1174:
1154:Policy Exchange
1150:
1141:
1116:
1104:
1099:
1083:
1075:
1032:Cambridge Water
955:
947:water companies
848:
834:
798:is one of many
789:
783:
767:
762:
752:
746:
738:
726:
714:
708:
700:
694:
686:
685:(2003) C-278/01
674:
664:
660:
653:
641:
631:
621:
611:
601:
591:
581:
578:
548:
542:EU water policy
534:
517:
421:
309:
285:service quality
260:
254:
84:
70:
64:
61:
54:
42:This article's
38:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4566:
4564:
4556:
4555:
4545:
4544:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4534:
4529:
4522:
4521:
4514:
4506:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4498:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4490:
4489:
4487:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4460:
4459:
4449:
4444:
4443:
4442:
4440:First Minister
4437:
4432:
4422:
4417:
4411:
4409:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4368:
4367:
4357:
4352:
4351:
4350:
4348:First Minister
4345:
4340:
4330:
4325:
4324:
4323:
4312:
4310:
4304:
4303:
4301:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4274:
4273:
4263:
4258:
4257:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4236:
4231:
4225:
4223:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4182:
4181:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4155:
4154:
4149:
4138:
4136:
4126:
4125:
4120:
4109:
4108:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4045:
4044:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4018:
4016:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3915:
3914:
3909:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3853:
3847:
3841:
3840:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3833:
3831:Rail transport
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3807:
3805:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3770:
3765:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3731:
3730:
3719:
3713:
3707:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3674:
3672:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3661:
3660:
3653:Prime Minister
3650:
3649:
3648:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3627:
3626:
3615:
3613:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3601:Shadow Cabinet
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3582:
3581:
3579:House of Lords
3576:
3566:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3554:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3523:
3522:
3512:
3507:
3506:
3505:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3479:
3469:
3463:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3436:
3435:
3434:
3429:
3421:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3396:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3339:
3333:
3331:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3261:
3259:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3213:
3211:
3209:Administrative
3198:
3192:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3153:
3152:
3142:
3137:
3131:
3129:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3084:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3045:
3043:
3034:
3028:
3027:
3025: articles
3023:United Kingdom
3021:
3019:
3018:
3011:
3004:
2996:
2987:
2986:
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2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
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2928:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2841:
2839:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2812:United Kingdom
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2672:Czech Republic
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
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2537:
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2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
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2462:
2457:
2452:
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2446:
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2420:
2415:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2399:
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2359:
2354:
2349:
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2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2221:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2190:European Union
2186:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2139:
2133:
2126:
2125:External links
2123:
2122:
2121:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2089:
2073:
2048:
2030:
2013:
1991:
1974:
1957:
1932:
1919:
1910:
1901:
1892:
1890:EWCA Crim 2243
1883:
1869:
1856:
1837:
1824:
1815:
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1734:
1721:
1700:
1687:
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1593:
1579:
1576:Water Act 2003
1557:
1533:
1520:
1507:
1495:
1482:
1461:
1448:
1435:
1428:art 25(1) and
1418:
1404:
1390:
1376:
1362:
1338:
1326:
1318:Water Act 1989
1310:
1297:
1284:
1282:(2004) 328–352
1271:
1258:
1241:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1215:
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1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1173:
1170:
1149:
1146:
1140:
1137:
1121:National Trust
1115:
1112:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1082:
1079:
1074:
1071:
1055:water industry
965:when she sees
954:
951:
868:asset managers
833:
830:
804:Scottish Water
787:Scottish Water
785:Main article:
782:
779:
775:climate damage
764:
763:
757:
754:
753:
743:
740:
739:
731:
728:
727:
725:EWCA Crim 2243
719:
716:
715:
705:
702:
701:
691:
688:
687:
679:
676:
675:
669:
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626:
623:
622:
616:
613:
612:
608:Water Act 2003
606:
603:
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586:
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445:
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439:
437:
420:
417:
413:Scottish Water
398:Water Act 1989
382:Water Act 1973
378:Water Act 1945
308:
305:
289:United Kingdom
275:
274:
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81:United Kingdom
79:
72:
71:
51:the key points
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39:
32:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4565:
4554:
4551:
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4503:
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4465:
4462:
4458:
4455:
4454:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4427:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4408:
4404:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4366:
4363:
4362:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4335:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4322:
4319:
4318:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4309:
4305:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4272:
4269:
4268:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4222:
4218:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4144:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4015:
4011:
4005:
4004:Welfare state
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3949:Mental health
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3892:Ethnic groups
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3842:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3816:Bus transport
3814:
3812:
3811:Air transport
3809:
3808:
3806:
3804:
3800:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3778:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3758:
3756:
3755:Manufacturing
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3708:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3671:
3667:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3651:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3631:Civil service
3629:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3558:
3557:republicanism
3555:
3553:
3550:
3549:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3477:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3464:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3377:North Sea oil
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3326:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3280:
3276:
3275:Great Britain
3273:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3265:British Isles
3263:
3262:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3193:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3126:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3064:Edwardian era
3062:
3060:
3059:Victorian era
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3029:
3024:
3017:
3012:
3010:
3005:
3003:
2998:
2997:
2994:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2919:South America
2917:
2911:
2910:United States
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2838:North America
2836:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2597:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2217:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2195:Latin America
2193:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2172:
2167:
2165:
2160:
2158:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2119:
2115:
2112:E McGaughey,
2111:
2110:
2106:
2099:
2093:
2090:
2087:, 3 July 2011
2086:
2082:
2077:
2074:
2062:
2058:
2052:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2034:
2031:
2023:
2017:
2014:
2001:
1995:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1961:
1958:
1946:
1942:
1936:
1933:
1929:
1923:
1920:
1914:
1911:
1905:
1902:
1896:
1893:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1879:
1873:
1870:
1866:
1865:William Heath
1860:
1857:
1854:
1850:
1847:
1841:
1838:
1834:
1828:
1825:
1822:WIA 1991 s 86
1819:
1816:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1782:
1776:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1762:
1758:
1755:
1750:
1747:
1743:
1738:
1735:
1731:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1711:
1704:
1701:
1697:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1635:openDemocracy
1630:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1610:
1607:
1603:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1566:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1544:
1537:
1534:
1530:
1524:
1521:
1517:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1486:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1465:
1462:
1458:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1442:E McGaughey,
1439:
1436:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1419:
1414:
1408:
1405:
1400:
1394:
1391:
1386:
1380:
1377:
1372:
1366:
1363:
1352:
1351:washwatch.org
1348:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1330:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1275:
1272:
1268:
1262:
1259:
1254:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1218:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1162:
1160:
1155:
1147:
1145:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1101:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1080:
1078:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1057:regulator in
1056:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1005:
1004:Lord Hoffmann
1001:
997:
996:
991:
990:
980:
976:
973:of 1858, the
972:
968:
964:
959:
952:
950:
948:
944:
939:
934:
932:
928:
925:
920:
916:
912:
907:
903:
899:
895:
890:
887:
883:
879:
875:
873:
869:
861:
857:
852:
847:
843:
839:
831:
829:
827:
823:
818:
815:
813:
805:
801:
797:
796:Loch Faskally
793:
788:
780:
778:
776:
772:
761:
755:
750:
749:
741:
736:
735:
729:
724:
723:
717:
712:
711:
703:
698:
697:
689:
684:
683:
677:
672:
667:
663:
656:
651:
650:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
575:
570:
568:
563:
561:
556:
555:
552:
547:
543:
539:
531:
529:
526:
522:
515:Water sources
514:
512:
510:
506:
496:
493:
490:
487:
484:
483:
479:
476:
473:
470:
468:
467:
463:
460:
457:
454:
451:
450:
446:
443:
440:
438:
436:
435:
432:
430:
426:
418:
416:
414:
409:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
341:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
306:
304:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
268:
264:
258:
252:
248:
241:
234:
226:
218:
210:
207:Institutions
205:
197:
189:
181:
173:
165:
159:
155:
147:
139:
131:
123:
117:
112:
106:
103:Access to an
101:
96:
92:
87:
82:
77:
68:
58:
52:
50:
45:
40:
36:
31:
30:
27:
19:
4382:Homelessness
4196:Homelessness
3993:
3979:Social class
3959:Prostitution
3902:Homelessness
3683:British Army
3515:Human rights
3503:By-elections
3483:Constitution
3054:Georgian era
2811:
2545:Saudi Arabia
2362:South Africa
2357:Sierra Leone
2252:Burkina Faso
2113:
2092:
2076:
2064:. Retrieved
2060:
2051:
2042:
2033:
2016:
2004:. Retrieved
1994:
1986:
1977:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1949:. Retrieved
1947:. 2022-11-30
1945:The Guardian
1944:
1935:
1930:(2013) ch 14
1927:
1922:
1913:
1904:
1895:
1886:
1876:
1872:
1859:
1840:
1827:
1818:
1793:
1779:
1775:
1767:
1764:SI 1989/1147
1749:
1737:
1724:
1714:
1708:
1703:
1690:
1678:
1666:
1654:
1641:
1629:
1609:
1596:
1582:
1560:
1547:
1546:IRLR 15 and
1541:
1536:
1528:
1523:
1515:
1510:
1498:
1485:
1477:
1464:
1456:
1451:
1443:
1438:
1421:
1407:
1393:
1379:
1365:
1354:. Retrieved
1350:
1341:
1329:
1321:
1313:
1300:
1292:
1287:
1279:
1274:
1261:
1163:
1151:
1142:
1117:
1108:water tariff
1105:
1084:
1076:
1044:
1021:
1011:
993:
987:
984:
967:Thames Water
935:
891:
876:
870:, under the
865:
860:River Wandle
856:EU water law
842:Thames Water
821:
819:
816:
809:
768:
744:
732:
720:
706:
692:
680:
647:
518:
502:
425:water supply
422:
410:
342:
330:River Thames
328:, where the
310:
280:
278:
152:33% (2008)
109:100% (2015)
62:
46:
44:lead section
26:
4469:Health care
4377:Health care
4283:Health care
4191:Health care
4099:Anglosphere
3974:Social care
3929:Immigration
3872:Drug policy
3636:Departments
3564:Nationality
3337:Agriculture
3270:terminology
3237:City status
3108:Since 1979
2870:El Salvador
2797:Switzerland
2732:Netherlands
2616:New Zealand
2599:Australasia
2555:South Korea
2535:Philippines
2413:Afghanistan
2367:South Sudan
2292:Ivory Coast
2006:1 September
1989:(2014) ch 3
1835:) regs 6–12
1833:SI 2008/594
1480:(2014) ch 3
1430:ICESCR 1966
1278:J Getzler,
971:Great Stink
902:RPI – X + K
769:Water is a
600:ss 2, 11-17
525:Groundwater
485:Sanitation
243:Sector law
120:99% (2015)
4435:Government
4343:Government
4338:Parliament
4054:Literature
3934:Innovation
3867:Demography
3762:(currency)
3611:Government
3569:Parliament
3493:Devolution
3488:Corruption
3423:Materials
3357:geothermal
3041:Chronology
2855:Costa Rica
2611:East Timor
2500:Kyrgyzstan
2490:Kazakhstan
2423:Bangladesh
2418:Azerbaijan
2332:Mozambique
2107:References
2096:BBC News:
1964:S Hendry,
1951:2022-12-06
1673:ss 142–150
1649:2011/1566.
1527:S Hendry,
1455:S Hendry,
1413:"Water UK"
1356:2017-03-22
1291:E Porter,
1253:"Water UK"
1081:Employment
836:See also:
800:reservoirs
673:1998/83/EC
640:ss 142-143
536:See also:
521:megalitres
114:Access to
65:April 2022
4464:Education
4420:Geography
4372:Education
4328:Geography
4278:Education
4249:Executive
4234:Geography
4186:Education
4159:Geography
3939:Languages
3877:Education
3803:Transport
3641:Ministers
3527:Judiciary
3498:Elections
3438:Wildlife
3347:biodiesel
3329:Resources
3319:Volcanoes
3309:Mountains
3294:Coastline
3196:Geography
3150:1814–1919
3112:political
3097:political
3049:Formation
2981:Venezuela
2926:Argentina
2900:Nicaragua
2875:Guatemala
2727:Lithuania
2606:Australia
2560:Sri Lanka
2550:Singapore
2530:Palestine
2460:Indonesia
2438:Hong Kong
2183:By region
2066:16 August
1811:2006/7/EC
1698:ss 31–35.
1426:UDHR 1948
1295:(1978) 29
1125:Waterwise
1073:Ownership
620:ss 27A-30
488:Sewerage
318:John Snow
316:of 1854,
49:summarize
4547:Category
4527:Category
4479:Religion
4425:Politics
4392:Religion
4333:Politics
4321:timeline
4308:Scotland
4293:Religion
4244:Assembly
4239:Politics
4206:Religion
4164:Politics
4152:timeline
4069:Religion
4049:Identity
3912:Scotland
3857:Cannabis
3783:Taxation
3670:Military
3552:monarchs
3547:Monarchy
3467:Politics
3427:forestry
3407:Scottish
3398:Fishing
3257:Physical
3177:Taxation
3172:Military
3162:Maritime
3135:Economic
3128:By topic
3093:Postwar
3087:military
3082:civilian
3074:Interwar
2961:Paraguay
2946:Colombia
2885:Honduras
2827:Scotland
2782:Slovenia
2777:Slovakia
2757:Portugal
2662:Bulgaria
2575:Thailand
2525:Pakistan
2515:Malaysia
2428:Cambodia
2397:Zimbabwe
2377:Tanzania
2282:Ethiopia
2277:Eswatini
2262:Cameroon
2242:Botswana
2131:Water UK
1917:2 AC 264
1846:WIA 1991
1800:C-278/01
1790:WIA 1991
1786:C-337/89
1757:98/83/EC
1742:WIA 1991
1696:WIA 1991
1683:WIA 1991
1671:WIA 1991
1659:WIA 1991
1646:WIA 1991
1614:WIA 1991
1554:C-279/12
1172:See also
1159:aquifers
1114:Metering
1091:Deloitte
1059:Scotland
713:2 AC 264
503:Source:
390:Scotland
363:and the
297:Scotland
257:Scotland
4511:Outline
4484:Symbols
4474:Culture
4457:tourism
4452:Economy
4415:History
4397:Symbols
4387:Culture
4365:tourism
4360:Economy
4316:History
4298:Symbols
4288:Culture
4271:tourism
4266:Economy
4229:History
4211:Symbols
4201:Culture
4179:tourism
4174:Economy
4142:History
4134:England
4084:Theatre
4079:Symbols
4037:Cuisine
4014:Culture
3984:Suicide
3954:Poverty
3919:Housing
3907:England
3845:Society
3821:Driving
3793:Tourism
3711:Economy
3619:Cabinet
3419:Hunting
3402:English
3299:Geology
3282:Climate
3032:History
2976:Uruguay
2951:Ecuador
2931:Bolivia
2890:Jamaica
2807:Ukraine
2767:Romania
2712:Iceland
2707:Hungary
2697:Germany
2687:Finland
2682:Estonia
2677:Denmark
2667:Croatia
2652:Belgium
2647:Austria
2642:Armenia
2637:Albania
2585:Vietnam
2510:Lebanon
2450:Georgia
2382:Tunisia
2352:Senegal
2342:Nigeria
2337:Namibia
2327:Morocco
2307:Liberia
2302:Lesotho
2257:Burundi
2232:Algeria
2120:) ch 13
1908:UKSC 40
1899:UKHL 66
1798:(2003)
1784:(1992)
1552:(2014)
1102:Tariffs
1061:is the
832:England
751:UKSC 40
737:UKHL 66
322:cholera
307:History
279:Public
4532:Portal
4430:Senedd
4147:social
4032:Cinema
4027:Anthem
3969:Racism
3924:Hunger
3897:Health
3750:Income
3735:Budget
3432:mining
3372:marine
3342:Energy
3314:Rivers
3287:change
3140:Empire
3117:social
3102:social
2956:Guyana
2936:Brazil
2905:Panama
2895:Mexico
2850:Canada
2845:Belize
2802:Turkey
2792:Sweden
2772:Russia
2752:Poland
2747:Serbia
2742:Norway
2722:Latvia
2702:Greece
2692:France
2630:Europe
2570:Taiwan
2540:Russia
2495:Kuwait
2485:Jordan
2465:Israel
2392:Zambia
2387:Uganda
2347:Rwanda
2317:Malawi
2237:Angola
2225:Africa
2043:GOV.UK
1881:AC 336
1849:ss 27A
1620:, the
1572:Sch 1A
1028:tanner
963:teacup
854:Under
844:, and
699:AC 336
544:, and
509:UNICEF
452:Water
447:Total
419:Access
299:; and
4518:Index
4407:Wales
4074:Sport
4064:Music
4059:Media
3999:Waste
3862:Crime
3826:Roads
3723:Banks
3447:flora
3442:fauna
3412:Welsh
3387:solar
3242:Towns
2941:Chile
2880:Haiti
2787:Spain
2717:Italy
2590:Yemen
2565:Syria
2480:Japan
2455:India
2443:Macau
2433:China
2372:Sudan
2312:Libya
2297:Kenya
2287:Ghana
2272:Egypt
2247:Benin
2025:(PDF)
1766:. In
1491:Sch 3
1219:Notes
915:Ofwat
898:Ofwat
886:Ofwat
878:Ofwat
480:100%
474:100%
464:100%
461:100%
458:100%
406:Ofwat
223:None
170:100%
128:100%
98:Data
4042:Wine
3658:list
3646:list
3624:list
3520:LGBT
3392:wind
3352:coal
2966:Peru
2860:Cuba
2520:Oman
2505:Laos
2475:Iraq
2470:Iran
2406:Asia
2322:Mali
2068:2021
2061:DCMS
2008:2014
1707:See
1570:and
1568:s 1A
1540:See
1306:c 45
1265:BBC:
1133:RSPB
1131:and
1045:The
1008:tort
936:The
758:See
610:s 52
497:97%
494:97%
491:97%
477:98%
392:and
202:n/a
194:n/a
186:n/a
178:n/a
144:n/a
136:150
4447:Law
4355:Law
4261:Law
4169:Law
4022:Art
3532:Law
1863:By
1853:27K
1844:cf
1602:s 1
1590:s 2
1504:s 1
1470:BBC
1433:15.
1335:BBC
1166:BBC
1129:WWF
986:In
919:CMA
820:In
590:s 1
505:WHO
273:28
215:No
4549::
2083:,
2059:.
2041:.
1943:.
1802:,
1349:.
1244:^
1226:^
1127:,
1123:,
1069:.
924:EU
840:,
828:.
540:,
431:.
408:.
340:.
295:;
265:)
3779:)
3775:(
3015:e
3008:t
3001:v
2170:e
2163:t
2156:v
2116:(
2070:.
2045:.
2027:.
2010:.
1954:.
1851:-
1813:.
1415:.
1401:.
1387:.
1373:.
1359:.
1308:)
1255:.
981:.
573:e
566:t
559:v
507:/
371:(
347:(
259:)
253:)
249:(
67:)
63:(
53:.
20:)
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