525:
500:
48:
572:, a wartime measure that made it a crime to interfere with the production or transportation of necessities. The law, meant to punish hoarding and profiteering, had never been used against a union. Certain of united political backing and almost universal public support, Palmer obtained an injunction on October 31 and 400,000 coal workers struck the next day. He claimed the President authorized the action, following a meeting with the severely ill President in the presence of his doctor. Palmer also asserted that the entire Cabinet had backed his request for an injunction. That infuriated Secretary of Labor Wilson who had opposed Palmer's plan and supported Gompers' view of the President's promises when the Act was under consideration.
524:
482:
782:. He also argued that the end of hostilities, even in the absence of a signed treaty, should have invalidated any attempts to enforce the Act's provisions. Nevertheless, he attempted to mediate between Palmer and Lewis, but after several days called the injunction "so autocratic as to stagger the human mind".
789:
As the strike dragged on into its third week, coal supplies were running low and public sentiment was calling for ever stronger government action. The final agreement came on
December 10. The deal amounted to a 14% wage increase as well as an appointment of an investigatory commission to continue
541:
While there are coal deposits in many of the states of the union those shown in the accompanying map are the greats sources of supply and the ones which are affected chiefly by the strike of bituminous miners. Because the
Illinois and Ohio miners are better organized than are the miners elsewhere,
785:
The coal operators smeared the strikers with charges that Lenin and
Trotsky had ordered the strike and were financing it, and some of the press echoed that language. Others used words like "insurrection" and "Bolshevik revolution". Eventually Lewis, facing criminal charges and sensitive to the
778:, protested that President Wilson and members of his Cabinet had provided assurances when the Act was passed that it would not be used to prevent strikes by labor unions. He provided detailed accounts of his negotiations with representatives of the administration, especially Secretary of Labor
508:
542:
those states are hardest hit by the strike. Many thousands of non-union miners are still at work, particularly in the fields of
Pennsylvania, West Virginia and Utah. The anthracite miners are not affected by the strike
1307:
564:
announced a strike for
November 1, 1919. They had agreed to a wage agreement to run until the end of World War I and now sought to capture some of their industry's wartime gains. Attorney General
1292:
470:
588:
published that around 394,000 bituminous miners out of a total of 615,000 employed by the coal industry were on strike. The miners on strike were based in the following states:
1312:
288:
575:
The rift between the
Attorney General and the Secretary of Labor was never healed, which had consequences the next year when Palmer's attempts to deport radicals were
533:
195:
47:
396:
1277:
790:
the exploration of the wage issue. The agreement was signed by John L. Lewis, John Brophy and other officials, and called on the miners to return to work.
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239:
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118:
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408:
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188:
363:
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453:. At its height in 1919–1920, concerns over the effects of radical political agitation in American society and the alleged spread of
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819:
390:
814:
458:
357:
347:
269:
181:
222:
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473:(AA) to organize the United States steel industry in the wake of World War I. The strike had begun on September 22, 1919.
775:
52:
804:
799:
1090:
584:
569:
481:
341:
335:
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462:
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saw bituminous coal miners strike for over a month, from
November 1 to December 10, 1919, for better wages.
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propaganda campaign, withdrew his strike call, though many strikers ignored his action.
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Artillery guns deployed to mines, shown in newspaper -November 22, 1919
911:
1094:. Great Falls, Cascade, Montana. November 2, 1919. pp. 1–40.
480:
465:
fueled a general sense of concern. Add to this was the ongoing
177:
1122:
Marcus, Dr. Irwin M.; Mountjoy, Eileen; O'Leary, Beth (2019).
1124:"The coal strike of 1919 in Indiana County and its aftermath"
992:
926:
445:, due to real and imagined events; real events included the
173:
854:
1010:
433:
1919 in the United States saw the country undergoing the
55:
Cartoon about the United Mine
Workers coal strike of 1919
1308:
Labor disputes led by the United Mine
Workers of America
868:
866:
952:
950:
471:
1028:
Young J. Edgar: Hoover and the Red Scare, 1919–1920
148:
130:
97:
89:
79:
60:
32:
1141:Red Scare: A Study in National Hysteria, 1919–1920
1065:The Wilson Era: Years of War and After, 1917–1923
64:1 November – 10 December 1919
1086:"394,000 Miners Striking; 4,000 are in Montana"
189:
8:
1293:Miners' labor disputes in the United States
590:
196:
182:
174:
46:
29:
1313:November 1919 events in the United States
884:
437:a period marked by a widespread fear of
896:
835:
593:
423:United Mine Workers coal strike of 1919
33:United Mine Workers coal strike of 1919
956:
980:
968:
941:
872:
842:
577:frustrated by the Department of Labor
7:
1126:. Indiana University of Pennsylvania
1199:"Gompers Repeats Injunction Charge"
1011:Marcus, Mountjoy & O'Leary 2019
1278:1910s strikes in the United States
25:
1143:. University of Minnesota Press.
523:
498:
1283:1919 labor disputes and strikes
820:UK National coal strike of 1912
27:Month-long union strike in 1919
1050:A. Mitchell Palmer: Politician
815:UMW General coal strike (1922)
1:
1303:Protests in the United States
469:, an attempt by the weakened
1052:. Columbia University Press.
776:American Federation of Labor
1298:Mining in the United States
1334:
1139:Murray, Robert K. (1955).
1026:Ackerman, Kenneth (2011).
805:List of US strikes by size
1288:1919 in the United States
1091:Great Falls Daily Tribune
913:Great Falls Daily Tribune
585:Great Falls Daily Tribune
582:On November 2, 1919, the
397:US Bituminous coal strike
391:US Bituminous coal strike
358:Indiana bituminous strike
213:
153:
135:
102:
45:
37:
336:Battle of Blair Mountain
119:United States government
1162:"Palmer to Enforce Law"
1048:Coben, Stanley (1963).
1030:. Viral History Press.
800:List of miners' strikes
463:American labor movement
409:Warrior Met Coal strike
368:Columbine Mine massacre
348:UMW General Coal Strike
328:West Virginia coal wars
315:Hartford coal mine riot
18:UMW Coal Strike of 1919
1234:"Miners Finally Agree"
491:
342:Alabama miners' strike
301:Colorado Coalfield War
270:Anthracite coal strike
240:Bituminous coal strike
223:Mahoning Valley strike
1240:. December 11, 1919.
1205:. November 23, 1919.
548:The Lake County Times
484:
264:Carterville Mine Riot
1318:December 1919 events
1170:. November 1, 1919.
810:Steel strike of 1919
467:steel strike of 1919
403:Pittston Coal strike
364:Colorado Coal Strike
295:Paint Creek mine war
276:Carbon county strike
1156:- Total pages: 352
1067:. UNC Press Books.
1043:- Total pages: 467
996:, December 11, 1919
944:, pp. 179–180.
930:, November 23, 1919
774:, President of the
558:United Mine Workers
550:, November 4, 1919
513:Alaska Daily Empire
477:Coal strike of 1919
289:Westmoreland strike
110:United Mine Workers
1238:The New York Times
1203:The New York Times
1167:The New York Times
1080:- Total pages: 738
1055:- Total pages: 351
915:, November 2, 1919
858:, November 1, 1919
566:A. Mitchell Palmer
492:
451:anarchist bombings
447:Russian Revolution
252:Illinois coal wars
1157:
1081:
1061:Daniels, Josephus
1056:
1044:
983:, pp. 181–3.
899:, pp. 546–7.
875:, pp. 178–9.
845:, pp. 176–8.
780:William B. Wilson
769:
768:
418:
417:
374:Harlan County War
332:Battle of Matewan
246:Lattimer massacre
229:Morewood massacre
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126:
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93:14% Wage Increase
16:(Redirected from
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378:Battle of Evarts
256:Battle of Virden
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488:Omaha Daily Bee
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435:First Red Scare
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352:Herrin massacre
305:Ludlow Massacre
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160:394,000 Workers
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53:Bob Satterfield
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994:New York Times
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885:Ackerman 2011
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562:John L. Lewis
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485:Nov 2, 1919,
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440:
436:
428:
426:
424:
410:
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389:
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385:1940s – 2020s
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365:
362:
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343:
340:
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329:
326:
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322:1920s – 1930s
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217:1870s – 1900s
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140:John L. Lewis
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84:United States
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63:
59:
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49:
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36:
31:
19:
1257:. Retrieved
1237:
1222:. Retrieved
1202:
1187:. Retrieved
1165:
1140:
1128:. Retrieved
1111:. Retrieved
1089:
1064:
1049:
1027:
1019:
1018:
998:, p. 1.
993:
988:
976:
964:
937:
932:, p. 1.
927:
922:
917:, p. 2.
912:
897:Daniels 2018
892:
880:
860:, p. 1.
855:
850:
838:
830:
829:
826:Bibliography
788:
784:
770:
714:Pennsylvania
583:
581:
574:
568:invoked the
555:
547:
545:
540:
539:
536:
512:
486:
432:
422:
420:
131:Lead figures
1259:November 1,
1224:November 1,
1189:November 1,
1130:November 2,
1113:November 2,
957:Murray 1955
376:1931–1939 (
254:1898–1900 (
90:Resulted in
1272:Categories
1020:References
981:Coben 1963
969:Coben 1963
942:Coben 1963
873:Coben 1963
843:Coben 1963
746:Washington
690:New Mexico
439:Bolshevism
429:Background
72:1919-12-10
68:1919-11-01
1246:0362-4331
1211:0362-4331
1176:0362-4331
1100:2378-833X
722:Tennessee
597:Strikers
570:Lever Act
459:anarchism
455:communism
443:anarchism
366:1927–28 (
330:1912–21 (
303:1913–14 (
260:Pana riot
206:Coal Wars
40:Coal Wars
1108:11299783
1063:(2018).
794:See also
717:100,000
706:Oklahoma
674:Missouri
666:Michigan
658:Maryland
650:Kentucky
618:Illinois
610:Colorado
602:Arkansas
80:Location
70: –
38:Part of
1254:1645522
1219:1645522
1184:1645522
762:Wyoming
757:40,000
701:40,000
682:Montana
661:10,000
653:10,000
645:12,000
637:14,000
629:25,000
626:Indiana
621:80,000
461:in the
411:2021–23
405:1989–90
399:1977–78
291:1910–11
278:1903–04
98:Parties
66: (
1252:
1244:
1217:
1209:
1182:
1174:
1147:
1106:
1098:
1071:
1034:
765:8,000
749:6,000
741:1,000
733:2,500
725:2,000
709:7,000
693:4,000
685:4,000
677:2,000
669:2,400
642:Kansas
613:5,000
605:4,000
594:State
560:under
350:1922 (
149:Number
831:Notes
730:Texas
283:1910s
1261:2019
1250:OCLC
1242:ISSN
1226:2019
1215:OCLC
1207:ISSN
1191:2019
1180:OCLC
1172:ISSN
1145:ISBN
1132:2019
1115:2019
1104:OCLC
1096:ISSN
1069:ISBN
1032:ISBN
738:Utah
698:Ohio
634:Iowa
556:The
457:and
449:and
441:and
421:The
393:1974
360:1927
344:1920
317:1914
297:1912
272:1902
248:1897
242:1894
231:1891
225:1873
61:Date
1274::
1248:.
1236:.
1213:.
1201:.
1178:.
1164:.
1102:.
1088:.
1003:^
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904:^
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1153:.
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1117:.
1077:.
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1013:.
546:-
380:)
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354:)
338:)
311:)
266:)
197:e
190:t
183:v
74:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
