743:, a professor of international law at York University in Toronto, wrote that "commission members seek to avoid directly criticizing states with human rights problems, frequently by focusing on Israel, a state that, according to analysis of summary records, has for over 30 years occupied 15 percent of commission time and has been the subject of a third of country-specific resolutions". On April 15, 2002, the Commission approved a resolution affirming the "legitimate right of the Palestinian people to resist the Israeli occupation in order to free its land and be able to exercise its right of self-determination". In so doing, the Palestinian people was declared "fulfilling its mission, one of the goals and purposes of the United Nations". Of the 53-member commission, 40 countries voted yes, five voted no, and seven abstained. Although widely reported that the resolution condoned resistance to Israel by "all available means, including armed struggle", the resolution itself does not contain those words. Alfred Moses, a former United States ambassador to the Commission and now chairman of the monitoring group
89:
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3223:
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747:, said that "A vote in favour of this resolution is a vote for Palestinian terrorism." In a letter to the Commission on November 15, 2002, following an attack by Palestinians on Israelis in the town of Hebron, Nabil Ramlawi, the Permanent Observer for Palestine at the UN, appealed to the resolution as justification for the attack.
497:, and make recommendations to the Commission concerning the prevention of discrimination of any kind relating to human rights and fundamental freedoms and the protection of racial, national, religious and linguistic minorities. Membership was selected with regard to equitable geographical distribution.
180:
The
Commission on Human Rights was intended to examine, monitor and publicly report on human rights situations in specific countries or territories (known as country mechanisms or mandates) as well as on major phenomena of human rights violations worldwide (known as thematic mechanisms or mandates).
623:
Another criticism was that the
Commission did not engage in constructive discussion of human rights issues, but was a forum for politically selective finger-pointing and criticism. The desire of states with problematic human rights records to be elected to the Commission was viewed largely as a way
706:
The
Commission had also come under repeated criticism from the United States for its unwillingness to address other human rights concerns. In 2001, the United States was voted off the Commission by the other member states, many of whom have been criticized for their human rights violations, and in
199:
At the time it was extinguished, the
Commission consisted of representatives drawn from 53 member states, elected by the members of ECOSOC. There were no permanent members: each year (usually in May), approximately a third of its seats would come up for election and those chosen would be appointed
755:
In 1977, the
Commission formed a "Sub-Commission to study, with a view to formulating guidelines, if possible, the question of the protection of those detained on the grounds of mental ill-health against treatment that might adversely affect the human personality and its physical and intellectual
568:
for a maximum of six years. They are unpaid, independent experts who receive personnel and logistical support from the Office of the High
Commissioner for Human Rights for their work. Their main activities are to examine, monitor, advise and publicly report on human rights situations in specific
168:
None of these measures, however, were able to make the
Commission as effective as desired, mainly because of the presence of human rights violators and the politicization of the body. During the following years until its extinction, the UNCHR became increasingly discredited among activists and
160:
To allow better fulfillment of this new policy, other changes took place. In the 1970s, the possibility of geographically oriented workgroups was created. These groups would specialize in investigating violations in a particular region or even a single country, as was the case with
3002:
772:: UNCHR Decision 9 (XXXV); 1986/18; 1987/25; 1988/28; 1989/16; 1990/19; "Fiftieth Anniversary of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide", 1998/10; and "Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide", 1999/67.
667:
on the
Commission. These countries had extensive records of human rights violations, and one concern was that, by working against resolutions on the Commission condemning human rights violations, they indirectly promoted despotism and domestic repression.
3029:
2996:
869:
130:
The body went through two distinct phases. From 1947 to 1967, it concentrated on promoting human rights and helping states elaborate treaties, but not on investigating or condemning violators. It was a period of strict observance of the
695:—by 13–0, with China and Pakistan abstaining—threatening Sudan with unspecified sanctions if the situation in the Darfur region did not improve within the following 30 days. The reasons given for the action were the attacks by the
776:
786:
In August 1992, the UNCHR "condemn absolutely the concept and practice of 'ethnic cleansing'" in the former
Yugoslavia but did not describe it as genocide. The Commission's resolution was endorsed by the UNCHR parent body, the
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2755:
2174:
2094:
2702:
2684:
2483:
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88:
3054:
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194:
2374:
62:
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2767:
490:
876:
620:, and disappearances likely sought election to the Commission to project a positive international image. Commission membership also provided some political shelter from criticism of these abuses.
2984:
757:
687:
region. One major consequence of the election of Sudan to the
Commission was the lack of willingness for some countries to work through the Commission. For example, on July 30, 2004, it was the
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1669:
3036:
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1684:
1674:
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31:
575:
Special procedures also include working groups made up of up to five experts who monitor and investigate specific human rights concerns. Three groups were established by the Commission:
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2508:
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integrity". The sub-commission was charged with "determin whether adequate grounds existed for detaining persons on the grounds of mental ill-health". The guidelines that resulted,
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3176:
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was the main subsidiary body of the Commission on Human Rights. It was composed of twenty-six experts whose responsibility was to undertake studies, particularly in light of the
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3477:
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791:. In November 1992, the UNCHR "call upon all States to consider the extent to which the acts committed in Bosnia ... and in Croatia constitute genocide in accordance with ".
985:
3119:
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2405:
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1163:
2720:
2708:
2513:
2109:
2009:
101:
470:
was elected chair of the 61st Session. Peru was elected chair of the 62nd Session in January 2006. The Commission held its final meeting in Geneva on March 27, 2006.
3024:
1195:
2798:
2104:
692:
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3131:
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2410:
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3125:
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1994:
1984:
1814:
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569:
countries or territories. They are able to write to governments about reported violations and conduct fact-finding visits to countries that invite them.
58:
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2528:
2430:
2149:
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1944:
1869:
1849:
1844:
1714:
612:
records, including states whose representatives had been elected to chair the Commission. Countries with records of human rights abuses like torture,
608:
The Commission was repeatedly criticized for the composition of its membership. In particular, several of its member countries themselves had dubious
3515:
3505:
3453:
2961:
2857:
2605:
2164:
2089:
1999:
1954:
1899:
1819:
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1216:
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1989:
1974:
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1934:
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172:
The Commission held its final meeting in Geneva on March 27, 2006, and was replaced by the United Nations Human Rights Council in the same year.
2134:
2129:
2084:
2034:
2019:
2004:
1964:
1949:
1924:
1889:
1824:
1784:
1764:
1699:
1639:
1400:
150:, and many countries of the continent pressed for a more active UN policy on human rights issues, especially in light of massive violations in
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2714:
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2159:
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1939:
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922:
807:
584:
494:
182:
120:
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2888:
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2435:
2359:
2024:
2014:
1879:
1874:
1804:
966:
579:
1053:"In Larger Freedom, Report of the Secretary-General of the United Nations for decision by Heads of State and Government in September 2005"
3613:
3392:
3186:
3078:
2816:
2384:
1724:
948:
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530:
113:
77:
54:
906:
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3520:
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1541:
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2488:
2336:
2312:
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1347:
565:
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3804:
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1259:
708:
3430:
3306:
3289:
3253:
2726:
2473:
2389:
1571:
1500:
1490:
736:
688:
73:
1173:
2900:
2518:
2420:
1959:
1909:
798:
was appointed as a Special Rapporteur, immediately visited Rwanda and promptly issued a report on the scope of the genocide.
204:
1315:
3768:
3750:
3720:
3597:
3380:
2554:
1595:
628:
284:
3830:
564:
Individuals with expertise in particular areas of human rights were appointed by the chair of the Commission to serve as
3546:
2369:
2049:
1659:
1505:
3732:
3714:
3605:
3566:
3557:
2810:
2247:
1495:
65:(UNOHCHR). It was the UN's principal mechanism and international forum concerned with the promotion and protection of
794:
At the request of Canada in May 1994, an emergency meeting was convened to deal with the ongoing genocide in Rwanda.
165:. With the 1980s came the creation of theme-oriented workgroups, which would specialize in specific types of abuses.
3510:
3437:
3351:
3246:
3107:
1588:
1393:
139:
100:, and was one of the first two "Functional Commissions" set up within the early UN structure (the other being the
3525:
3366:
3084:
2851:
2493:
500:
The Sub-Commission established seven Working Groups that investigate specific human rights concerns, including:
3792:
3762:
3756:
3726:
3574:
2577:
1297:
G.A. Res. 119, U.N. GAOR, 46th Sess., Supp. № 49, vol. 1, at 188–192, U.N. Doc. A/46/49 (Vol. I) (1992‑02‑18) .
143:
1600:
758:
UN Principles for the Protection of Persons with Mental Illness and for the Improvement of Mental Health Care
3375:
2331:
2273:
2237:
1634:
3786:
3702:
3530:
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2845:
2181:
1644:
1583:
1566:
1474:
332:
147:
105:
92:
Eleanor Roosevelt at United Nations for Human Rights Commission meeting in Lake Success, New York, in 1947
3685:
3552:
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2242:
1430:
1386:
1358:
1239:
1128:
613:
546:
218:
46:
719:
and the United States aren't exempt from blame, either", citing their hesitance in voting to criticize
589:
Working Group on the use of mercenaries as a means of impeding the exercise of the right of peoples to
533:
assumed responsibility for the Sub-Commission when it replaced the Commission on Human Rights in 2006.
2918:
2636:
1576:
1425:
795:
780:
466:, Switzerland. In January 2004, Australia was elected as chair of the 60th Session. In January 2005,
157:. The new policy meant that the Commission would also investigate and produce reports on violations.
1067:
3774:
3493:
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1521:
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2597:
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1249:
Commission on Human Rights, Fifty-eighth session, Agenda item 8. E/CN.4/2002/L.16. 9 April 2002.
1052:
963:
768:
The United Nations Commission on Human Rights (UNCHR) passed a number of resolutions concerning
1240:
Question of the Violation of Human Rights in the Occupied Arab Territories, Including Palestine
760:, have been criticized for ignoring and failing to protect the rights of involuntary patients.
462:
The Commission would meet each year in regular session for six weeks during March and April in
3269:
2458:
1435:
1351:
1343:
1143:
1033:
844:
316:
2621:
945:
3738:
3677:
3621:
3398:
3328:
2929:
2869:
2341:
1649:
1023:
904:
680:
3844:
3810:
3708:
3662:
3361:
3356:
3227:
2629:
1319:
1279:
1272:
1246:
1028:
1011:
970:
952:
910:
17:
3032:
Goods and on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals
892:
207:. During its last year of service in 2005, the representation by region was as follows.
3780:
2453:
1624:
1068:"A Disappointing Record, Will the new Human Rights Council take its mandate seriously?"
716:
712:
450:
124:
119:
It met for the first time in January 1947 and established a drafting committee for the
50:
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3222:
3854:
3667:
3404:
3387:
740:
554:
454:
3744:
2305:
1464:
1420:
1409:
640:
609:
572:
The special mechanisms are categorised according to thematic and country mandates.
545:, or mechanisms, to address specific country situations or thematic issues such as
320:
254:
214:
154:
66:
1307:
181:
The Human Rights division of the U.N. is also expected to uphold and protect the
2196:
1469:
1459:
826:
446:
132:
203:
Seats on the Commission were apportioned by region, using the mechanism of the
3816:
3150:
United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East
2840:
672:
372:
246:
1037:
3312:
United Nations Commission on Human Rights (1947–1953, Chairperson 1946–1951)
2221:
1164:"The Struggle against Anti-Israel Bias at the UN Commission on Human Rights"
696:
558:
467:
418:
388:
364:
324:
292:
262:
151:
777:
Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities
480:
Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities
3155:
1654:
1168:
1087:
769:
744:
724:
644:
632:
400:
392:
308:
300:
270:
230:
2611:
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC)
2211:
2206:
1100:
664:
648:
627:
Activist groups had long expressed concern over the memberships of the
550:
438:
434:
426:
384:
354:
346:
342:
338:
250:
226:
3156:
United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women
3346:
3137:
2912:
2828:
2523:
2498:
2191:
720:
700:
684:
660:
636:
463:
430:
422:
396:
368:
280:
238:
97:
3238:
3307:
United States delegate, United Nations General Assembly (1946–1952)
2703:
United Nations Commission on Science and Technology for Development
675:
walked out of the Commission following the uncontested election of
478:
In 1999 the Economic and Social Council changed its title from the
3149:
2685:
United Nations Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice
676:
656:
652:
442:
312:
304:
296:
288:
258:
242:
234:
222:
162:
87:
3055:
United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute
2667:
List of members of the United Nations Economic and Social Council
679:
to the commission, calling it an "absurdity" in light of Sudan's
3025:
Committee of Experts on International Cooperation in Tax Matters
2997:
Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management
2829:
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
2201:
875:. Administrative Committee on Coordination (ACC). Archived from
404:
376:
266:
195:
List of members of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights
3242:
2625:
2484:
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA)
2375:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
2277:
1382:
1378:
63:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
3651:
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
893:
Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights
830:
735:
The Commission was also criticized by advocates of Israel for
491:
Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights
484:
Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights
474:
Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights
2499:
UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
1088:
Sudan keeps U.N. human rights post - World news - nbcnews.com
3003:
Intergovernmental Working Group of Experts on International
1308:
Coercive Psychiatry, Human Rights & Public Participation
923:"Human Rights Special Procedures: Determinants of Influence"
2469:
Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR)
2464:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)
1101:"UN: U.S. Loses Seat On Rights Commission In Surprise Vote"
3281:
Chairwoman, Presidential Commission on the Status of Women
2944:
International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes
596:
The special procedures are now under the direction of the
32:
United Nations human rights organization (disambiguation)
3073:
United Nations Research Institute for Social Development
1273:
Slaughterhouse-Six: Updating the Law of War, Part 2 of 2
2697:
United Nations Commission on Population and Development
585:
Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances
3138:
United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund
3828:
3102:
High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development
2938:
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
2509:
UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA)
775:
In 1978 the UNCHR endorsed the recommendation of the
3656:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
2365:
Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
27:
Defunct functional commission of the United Nations
3676:
3633:
3486:
3446:
3413:
3337:
3299:
3165:
3094:
3045:
3030:Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous
2971:
2928:
2879:
2777:
2736:
2675:
2659:
2591:
2552:
2444:
2398:
2350:
2319:
2230:
1617:
1555:
1534:
1514:
1483:
1444:
1340:
Genocide in international law: the crimes of crimes
61:(ECOSOC), and was also assisted in its work by the
3120:United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
3067:United Nations Institute for Training and Research
2835:United Nations Industrial Development Organization
2175:of the military dictatorship in Brazil (1964-1985)
980:
978:
3641:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights
3173:Functional Commission on Sustainable Development
3061:United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research
2991:Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
2539:Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO)
2263:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights
1210:UN Commission on Human Rights, Resolution 2002/8
703:population of Darfur, a region in western Sudan.
2721:United Nations Commission on the Status of Women
2709:United Nations Commission for Social Development
2426:European Committee for the Prevention of Torture
870:"Administrative Committee on Coordination (ACC)"
707:2003 Syria put forward a proposal to discuss US
361:11 from the Latin American and Caribbean Group:
142:as its policy. The context of the decade was of
104:). It was a body created under the terms of the
3871:Organizations established by the United Nations
2799:International Fund for Agricultural Development
2606:International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
2406:African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
1314:(University of Wollongong, 1999), pp. 143–167.
699:Arab militias of Sudan on the non-Arab African
76:voted overwhelmingly to replace UNCHR with the
3426:Presidential Commission on the Status of Women
541:The Commission on Human Rights established 30
3540:Marian Anderson: the Lincoln Memorial Concert
3254:
3132:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
2985:Committee of Experts on Public Administration
2637:
2289:
1394:
8:
3866:Intergovernmental human rights organizations
3126:United Nations Sustainable Development Group
1373:footnote 124 citing UNCHR Decision 9 (XXXV).
1262:Christian Action for Israel, April 16, 2002.
3591:Eleanor and Franklin: The White House Years
3037:Committee on Non-Governmental Organizations
2691:United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs
2544:UN Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT)
1229:, UN Doc. E/CN.4/RES/2002/8, 15 April 2002.
845:"Brief historic overview of the Commission"
3861:United Nations Economic and Social Council
3393:1940 Democratic National Convention speech
3347:"My Day" daily newspaper column, 1935–1962
3261:
3247:
3239:
3144:United Nations Office for Project Services
3114:Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS
2907:United Nations Human Settlements Programme
2653:United Nations Economic and Social Council
2644:
2630:
2622:
2411:African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights
2296:
2282:
2274:
1559:
1452:
1401:
1387:
1379:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
789:United Nations Economic and Social Council
3521:Statue at the Franklin Roosevelt Memorial
3471:Franklin D. Roosevelt's paralytic illness
2793:International Civil Aviation Organization
2479:UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
2431:Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
1027:
671:On May 4, 2004, United States ambassador
57:in 2006. It was a subsidiary body of the
45:) was a functional commission within the
39:United Nations Commission on Human Rights
3516:Eleanor Roosevelt Award for Human Rights
3357:Marian Anderson Lincoln Memorial Concert
2962:Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
2858:World Intellectual Property Organization
1012:"Corrupting International Organizations"
624:to defend themselves from such attacks.
3835:
2514:Commission on the Status of Women (CSW)
2504:Joint UN Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)
2489:International Labour Organization (ILO)
2095:in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
1066:Crossette, Barbara (December 1, 2008).
818:
53:from 1946 until it was replaced by the
3183:Functional Commission on Human Rights
3011:Group of Experts on Geographical Names
2529:UN Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM)
2187:List of human rights abuses by country
1675:during the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017)
1640:Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment
1196:Ending Bias in the Human Rights System
1148:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1141:
1010:Vreeland, James Raymond (2019-05-11).
3317:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
3005:Standards of Accounting and Reporting
2950:International Development Association
2823:International Telecommunication Union
2715:United Nations Statistical Commission
2474:Organisation of American States (OAS)
2258:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
1312:Technology & Public Participation
1029:10.1146/annurev-polisci-050317-071031
808:United Nations Human Rights Committee
495:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
183:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
121:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
96:The UNHRC was established in 1946 by
7:
3352:Co-Chair, Office of Civilian Defense
2895:United Nations Environment Programme
2889:United Nations Development Programme
2436:Inter-American Court of Human Rights
2360:Committee on the Rights of the Child
1213:"E/CN.4/RES/2002/8 of 15 April 2002"
580:Working Group on Arbitrary Detention
3079:United Nations System Staff College
2817:International Maritime Organization
2342:Truth and reconciliation commission
849:United Nations Human Rights Council
598:United Nations Human Rights Council
531:United Nations Human Rights Council
55:United Nations Human Rights Council
3646:International Bill of Human Rights
3499:Roosevelt Institute Campus Network
3193:International Refugee Organization
3017:United Nations Permanent Forum on
1685:during the Libyan civil war (2011)
1547:National human rights institutions
1542:List of human rights organisations
1016:Annual Review of Political Science
827:"UN creates new human rights body"
691:, not the Commission, that passed
25:
2956:International Finance Corporation
2864:World Meteorological Organization
2805:International Labour Organization
2787:Food and Agriculture Organization
986:"The Shame of the United Nations"
413:Western European and Others Group
102:Commission on the Status of Women
30:For similarly named entites, see
3838:
3221:
3211:
3210:
2979:Committee for Development Policy
1670:at Guantánamo Bay detention camp
1172:. 4 January 2006. Archived from
1099:McMahon, Robert (9 April 2008).
138:In 1967, the Commission adopted
3454:Val-Kill National Historic Site
3431:National Organization for Women
3290:First Lady of the United States
2756:Latin America and the Caribbean
2727:United Nations Forum on Forests
2534:UN Development Programme (UNDP)
2494:World Health Organization (WHO)
1795:in Chile under Augusto Pinochet
1501:Natural rights and legal rights
1491:Claim rights and liberty rights
1105:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
689:United Nations Security Council
2913:United Nations Children's Fund
2901:United Nations Population Fund
2421:European Court of Human Rights
1665:against Palestinians by Israel
1342:, Cambridge University Press,
751:Human rights and mental health
647:, and the past memberships of
205:United Nations Regional Groups
59:UN Economic and Social Council
1:
3751:Franklin Delano Roosevelt III
3599:Backstairs at the White House
3381:National Youth Administration
3185:(UNCHR - Replaced in 2006 by
1260:UN Backs Palestinian Violence
516:Contemporary Forms of Slavery
3478:Hyde Park home and gravesite
2370:International Criminal Court
1506:Negative and positive rights
3733:Eleanor Roosevelt Seagraves
3559:The Eleanor Roosevelt Story
3195:(IRO - Replaced in 1952 by
3175:(CSD - Replaced in 2013 by
2811:International Monetary Fund
2524:UN Children's Fund (UNICEF)
2248:List of human rights awards
2120:in the United Arab Emirates
1496:Individual and group rights
211:15 from the African Group:
123:, which was adopted by the
3887:
3511:Eleanor Roosevelt Monument
3438:Encampment for Citizenship
3108:International Trade Centre
2519:UN Population Fund (UNFPA)
2170:of the Marcos dictatorship
1310:,” in: Brian Martin, ed.,
629:People's Republic of China
507:Transnational Corporations
285:People's Republic of China
192:
29:
18:UN Human Rights Commission
3769:Elliott Bulloch Roosevelt
3721:Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr.
3526:Eleanor Roosevelt College
3276:
3206:
3085:United Nations University
2852:World Health Organization
2380:UN Human Rights Committee
2337:Human rights institutions
2115:in the State of Palestine
2100:in the Dominican Republic
1680:during the Gaddafi regime
1562:
1455:
1416:
1338:Schabas, William (2000).
1318:October 14, 2004, at the
779:to distribute widely the
510:Administration of Justice
277:12 from the Asian Group:
3757:John Roosevelt Boettiger
3575:Eleanor: The Years Alone
2592:ICRC – organization with
2416:African Court of Justice
1288:Vol. 5 No. 5–1 May 2004.
144:Decolonization of Africa
3376:American Youth Congress
2385:UN Human Rights Council
2332:Human rights commission
2238:History of human rights
1645:Enforced disappearances
1635:Crimes against humanity
951:April 28, 2012, at the
909:April 28, 2015, at the
200:for a three-year term.
78:UN Human Rights Council
72:On March 15, 2006, the
3793:Martha Stewart Bulloch
3787:Theodore Roosevelt Sr.
3703:Anna Eleanor Roosevelt
3506:Roosevelt Study Center
3421:First Lady of New York
3371:Eleanor, West Virginia
3362:Tuskegee Airmen flight
2846:Universal Postal Union
2182:Incitement to genocide
1475:Universal jurisdiction
1245:April 2, 2015, at the
969:March 5, 2012, at the
895:, Retrieved 2010-04-19
618:political imprisonment
614:extrajudicial killings
519:Indigenous Populations
333:Eastern European Group
127:on December 10, 1948.
106:United Nations Charter
93:
3745:Sara Delano Roosevelt
3686:Franklin D. Roosevelt
3548:Sunrise at Campobello
2563:Amnesty International
2243:List of global issues
1278:June 3, 2011, at the
1055:. The United Nations.
882:on February 19, 2014.
547:freedom of expression
219:Republic of the Congo
108:(specifically, under
91:
3697:presidency 1941–1945
3692:presidency 1933–1941
3583:Eleanor and Franklin
3567:Eleanor and Franklin
2919:World Food Programme
2779:Specialised agencies
2762:Asia and the Pacific
2737:Regional commissions
2594:special status based
2125:in the United States
1900:in Jammu and Kashmir
1446:Fundamental concepts
1051:Annan, Kofi (2005).
781:Ruhashyankiko Report
3775:Anna Hall Roosevelt
3763:James Roosevelt III
3494:Roosevelt Institute
3459:Val-Kill Industries
3228:Politics portal
2390:UN Security Council
2110:in the Soviet Union
2010:in Papua New Guinea
1660:Human rights abuses
1618:Human rights abuses
1522:Corporal punishment
737:bias against Israel
566:Special Rapporteurs
557:, and the right to
169:governments alike.
74:UN General Assembly
3799:Theodore Roosevelt
3709:James Roosevelt II
3609:(2014 documentary)
3322:Drafting committee
3166:Disbanded entities
2598:Geneva Conventions
2583:Human Rights First
2573:Human Rights Watch
2327:Human rights group
2105:in the Philippines
1630:Crime of apartheid
1284:German Law Journal
1176:on 23 October 2013
1070:. America Magazine
709:war crimes in Iraq
591:self-determination
543:special procedures
537:Special procedures
381:Dominican Republic
351:Russian Federation
94:
3826:
3825:
3727:John Roosevelt II
3715:Elliott Roosevelt
3625:(2023 miniseries)
3601:(1979 miniseries)
3340:the United States
3270:Eleanor Roosevelt
3236:
3235:
3019:Indigenous Issues
2619:
2618:
2459:Council of Europe
2271:
2270:
2253:Three generations
1613:
1612:
1530:
1529:
1356:978-0-521-78790-1
1306:Richard Gosden, “
946:Thematic Mandates
711:. But journalist
317:Republic of Korea
116:are signatories.
47:overall framework
16:(Redirected from
3878:
3843:
3842:
3834:
3739:Curtis Roosevelt
3678:Roosevelt family
3617:(2022 TV series)
3578:(1972 biography)
3570:(1971 biography)
3399:Women in Defense
3329:Human Rights Day
3263:
3256:
3249:
3240:
3226:
3225:
3214:
3213:
2930:World Bank Group
2870:World Bank Group
2646:
2639:
2632:
2623:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2275:
2025:in Punjab, India
1650:Forced migration
1560:
1453:
1448:and philosophies
1403:
1396:
1389:
1380:
1374:
1367:
1361:
1336:
1323:
1304:
1298:
1295:
1289:
1269:
1263:
1258:Steven Edwards:
1256:
1250:
1236:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1219:on April 2, 2015
1215:. Archived from
1208:
1202:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1147:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1127:. Archived from
1121:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1111:
1096:
1090:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1031:
1007:
1001:
1000:
998:
997:
982:
973:
964:Country Mandates
961:
955:
943:
937:
936:
934:
932:
927:
919:
913:
902:
896:
890:
884:
883:
881:
874:
866:
860:
859:
857:
855:
841:
835:
834:
833:. 15 March 2006.
823:
796:René Degni-Segui
681:ethnic cleansing
114:UN member states
21:
3886:
3885:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3876:
3875:
3851:
3850:
3849:
3837:
3829:
3827:
3822:
3811:Bamie Roosevelt
3747:(granddaughter)
3735:(granddaughter)
3672:
3663:Morgenthau Plan
3629:
3482:
3466:Campobello home
3442:
3409:
3339:
3333:
3295:
3272:
3267:
3237:
3232:
3220:
3202:
3161:
3090:
3047:
3041:
3031:
3018:
3004:
2967:
2924:
2881:
2875:
2773:
2732:
2677:
2671:
2655:
2650:
2620:
2615:
2595:
2593:
2587:
2548:
2446:
2440:
2399:Regional bodies
2394:
2352:
2346:
2315:
2302:
2272:
2267:
2226:
2055:in South Africa
2045:in Sierra Leone
2040:in Saudi Arabia
1770:in Burkina Faso
1725:in Azad Kashmir
1609:
1551:
1526:
1510:
1479:
1449:
1447:
1440:
1431:Intersex people
1412:
1407:
1377:
1368:
1364:
1337:
1326:
1320:Wayback Machine
1305:
1301:
1296:
1292:
1280:Wayback Machine
1270:
1266:
1257:
1253:
1247:Wayback Machine
1237:
1233:
1222:
1220:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1199:New York Times,
1194:Anne Bayefsky:
1193:
1189:
1179:
1177:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1140:
1134:
1132:
1125:"Archived copy"
1123:
1122:
1118:
1109:
1107:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1086:
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1073:
1071:
1065:
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1050:
1049:
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1009:
1008:
1004:
995:
993:
984:
983:
976:
971:Wayback Machine
962:
958:
953:Wayback Machine
944:
940:
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928:
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921:
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916:
911:Wayback Machine
903:
899:
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824:
820:
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804:
766:
753:
733:
606:
539:
476:
197:
191:
178:
140:interventionism
112:) to which all
86:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3884:
3882:
3874:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3853:
3852:
3848:
3847:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3820:
3814:
3808:
3802:
3796:
3790:
3784:
3781:Hall Roosevelt
3778:
3772:
3766:
3760:
3754:
3748:
3742:
3736:
3730:
3724:
3718:
3712:
3706:
3700:
3694:
3689:
3682:
3680:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3659:
3658:
3653:
3643:
3637:
3635:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3619:
3615:The First Lady
3611:
3607:The Roosevelts
3603:
3595:
3587:
3579:
3571:
3563:
3555:
3544:
3536:
3528:
3523:
3518:
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3502:
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3484:
3483:
3481:
3480:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3463:
3462:
3461:
3450:
3448:
3447:Life and homes
3444:
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3441:
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3435:
3434:
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3415:
3411:
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3408:
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3395:
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3385:
3384:
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3373:
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3349:
3343:
3341:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3314:
3309:
3303:
3301:
3300:United Nations
3297:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3284:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3266:
3265:
3258:
3251:
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3231:
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3207:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3190:
3180:
3169:
3167:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3159:
3153:
3147:
3141:
3135:
3129:
3123:
3117:
3111:
3105:
3098:
3096:
3095:Other entities
3092:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3082:
3076:
3070:
3064:
3058:
3051:
3049:
3043:
3042:
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3014:
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2873:
2867:
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2855:
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2814:
2808:
2802:
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2783:
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2724:
2718:
2712:
2706:
2700:
2694:
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2681:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2656:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2641:
2634:
2626:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2608:
2602:
2600:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2559:
2557:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
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2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2454:European Union
2450:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2402:
2400:
2396:
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2392:
2387:
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2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2356:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2316:
2304:International
2303:
2301:
2300:
2293:
2286:
2278:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2075:in Switzerland
2072:
2067:
2062:
2060:in South Korea
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1995:in North Korea
1992:
1987:
1985:in New Zealand
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1930:in Kyrgyzstan‎
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1815:in El Salvador
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1740:in Balochistan
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1690:in Afghanistan
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1625:Atrocity crime
1621:
1619:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1598:
1593:
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1375:
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1231:
1203:
1187:
1155:
1116:
1091:
1080:
1058:
1043:
1022:(1): 205–222.
1002:
990:New York Times
974:
956:
938:
914:
897:
885:
861:
836:
817:
815:
812:
811:
810:
803:
800:
765:
762:
752:
749:
732:
729:
717:European Union
713:Anne Applebaum
605:
602:
594:
593:
587:
582:
538:
535:
527:
526:
523:
520:
517:
514:
513:Anti-terrorism
511:
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451:United Kingdom
409:
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125:United Nations
85:
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51:United Nations
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3883:
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3867:
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3841:
3836:
3832:
3818:
3815:
3812:
3809:
3806:
3803:
3800:
3797:
3795:(grandmother)
3794:
3791:
3789:(grandfather)
3788:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3776:
3773:
3770:
3767:
3764:
3761:
3758:
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3669:
3668:Lorena Hickok
3666:
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3416:
3412:
3406:
3405:Freedom House
3403:
3401:
3400:
3396:
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3391:
3389:
3388:Black Cabinet
3386:
3382:
3379:
3378:
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3365:
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3360:
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3342:
3338:First Lady of
3336:
3330:
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3050:
3044:
3038:
3035:
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3028:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3001:
2998:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2972:Expert bodies
2970:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2954:
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2948:
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2579:
2578:Emergency NGO
2576:
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2569:
2566:
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2561:
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2556:
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2500:
2497:
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2477:
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2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2445:Multi-lateral
2443:
2437:
2434:
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2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
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2378:
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2351:International
2349:
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2328:
2325:
2324:
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2314:
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2309:organisations
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2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2145:in Uzbekistan
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
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2051:
2048:
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2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2035:in the Russia
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
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1981:
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1973:
1971:
1968:
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1961:
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1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1915:in Kazakhstan
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
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1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1745:in Bangladesh
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1730:in Azerbaijan
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
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1597:
1596:South America
1594:
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1589:North America
1587:
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1578:
1575:
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1570:
1568:
1565:
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1537:
1535:Organizations
1533:
1523:
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1349:
1348:0-521-78790-4
1345:
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1201:May 22, 2002.
1200:
1197:
1191:
1188:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1159:
1156:
1151:
1145:
1131:on 2010-07-15
1130:
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1120:
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865:
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837:
832:
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792:
790:
784:
782:
778:
773:
771:
763:
761:
759:
750:
748:
746:
742:
741:Anne Bayefsky
738:
730:
728:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
704:
702:
698:
694:
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686:
682:
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669:
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634:
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621:
619:
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611:
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592:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
577:
576:
573:
570:
567:
562:
560:
556:
555:right to food
552:
549:and opinion,
548:
544:
536:
534:
532:
524:
522:Communication
521:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
503:
502:
501:
498:
496:
492:
487:
485:
481:
473:
471:
469:
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456:
455:United States
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
417:
416:
414:
410:
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402:
398:
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366:
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334:
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326:
322:
318:
314:
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306:
302:
298:
294:
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279:
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276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
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236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
213:
212:
210:
209:
208:
206:
201:
196:
188:
186:
184:
175:
173:
170:
166:
164:
158:
156:
153:
149:
145:
141:
136:
134:
128:
126:
122:
117:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
90:
83:
81:
79:
75:
70:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
3819:(family dog)
3622:
3614:
3606:
3598:
3590:
3582:
3573:
3565:
3558:
3547:
3539:
3532:
3414:Other events
3397:
3311:
3182:
3046:Research and
2909:(UN-Habitat)
2768:Western Asia
2353:institutions
2313:institutions
2306:human rights
2150:in Venezuela
2065:in Sri Lanka
1945:in Lithuania
1870:in Indonesia
1850:in Hong Kong
1845:in Guatemala
1715:in Australia
1705:in Argentina
1556:By continent
1484:Distinctions
1465:Positive law
1410:Human rights
1365:
1339:
1311:
1302:
1293:
1282:
1267:
1254:
1234:
1221:. Retrieved
1217:the original
1206:
1198:
1190:
1178:. Retrieved
1174:the original
1167:
1158:
1133:. Retrieved
1129:the original
1119:
1108:. Retrieved
1104:
1094:
1083:
1072:. Retrieved
1061:
1046:
1019:
1015:
1005:
994:. Retrieved
992:. 2006-02-26
989:
959:
941:
929:. Retrieved
917:
900:
888:
877:the original
864:
852:. Retrieved
848:
839:
821:
793:
785:
774:
767:
754:
734:
715:wrote, "the
705:
693:a resolution
670:
641:Saudi Arabia
626:
622:
610:human rights
607:
595:
574:
571:
563:
540:
528:
525:Social Forum
499:
488:
483:
479:
477:
461:
411:10 from the
321:Saudi Arabia
255:South Africa
215:Burkina Faso
202:
198:
179:
171:
167:
159:
155:South Africa
137:
129:
118:
109:
95:
71:
67:human rights
42:
38:
36:
3593:(1977 film)
3585:(1976 film)
3561:(1965 film)
3550:(1958 play,
3542:(1939 film)
3292:(1933–1945)
3283:(1961–1962)
2678:commissions
2197:Persecution
2165:in Zimbabwe
2090:in Thailand
2000:in Pakistan
1955:in Malaysia
1820:in Ethiopia
1780:in Cambodia
1760:in Botswana
1572:Middle East
1470:Sovereignty
1460:Natural law
1359:pp. 468,469
1271:Ed Morgan:
723:actions in
447:Netherlands
331:5 from the
135:principle.
133:sovereignty
3855:Categories
3805:presidency
3765:(grandson)
3759:(grandson)
3753:(grandson)
3741:(grandson)
3705:(daughter)
3553:1960 film)
3367:Arthurdale
3158:(UN-Women)
2882:Programmes
2841:UN Tourism
2676:Functional
2660:Membership
2222:War crimes
2155:in Vietnam
2140:in Ukraine
2030:in Romania
1990:in Nigeria
1975:in Myanmar
1970:in Morocco
1960:in Manipur
1935:in Lebanon
1910:in Kashmir
1885:in Ireland
1840:in Germany
1775:in Burundi
1755:in Bolivia
1750:in Belarus
1735:in Bahrain
1720:in Austria
1710:in Armenia
1695:in Algeria
1180:24 October
1135:2010-05-04
1110:2021-01-12
1074:2015-09-28
996:2006-08-15
931:August 28,
814:References
739:. In 2002
673:Sichan Siv
504:Minorities
373:Costa Rica
247:Mauritania
193:See also:
110:Article 68
3783:(brother)
3533:Roosevelt
2880:Funds and
2717:(StatCom)
2135:in Uganda
2130:in Turkey
2085:in Taiwan
2020:in Poland
2005:in Panama
1965:in Mexico
1950:in Malawi
1925:in Kuwait
1890:in Israel
1825:in France
1785:in Canada
1765:in Brazil
1700:in Angola
1369:Schabas,
1238:See e.g.
1223:March 27,
1038:1094-2939
697:Janjaweed
604:Criticism
559:education
468:Indonesia
419:Australia
389:Guatemala
365:Argentina
325:Sri Lanka
293:Indonesia
263:Swaziland
189:Structure
152:apartheid
3845:Politics
3777:(mother)
3771:(father)
3688:(husband
3216:Category
3140:(UNICEF)
3122:(UNCTAD)
3116:(UNAIDS)
3075:(UNRISD)
3069:(UNITAR)
3063:(UNIDIR)
3057:(UNICRI)
3048:training
3021:(UNPFII)
3013:(UNGEGN)
2915:(UNICEF)
2831:(UNESCO)
2160:in Yemen
2080:in Syria
2070:in Sudan
2050:in Sindh
1980:in Nepal
1940:in Libya
1920:in Kenya
1905:in Japan
1895:in Italy
1865:in India
1860:in Haiti
1855:in Egypt
1835:in Ghana
1830:in Gabon
1810:in Egypt
1800:in China
1790:in Chile
1655:Genocide
1426:Children
1316:Archived
1276:Archived
1243:Archived
1169:UN Watch
1144:cite web
967:Archived
949:Archived
907:Archived
802:See also
770:genocide
764:Genocide
745:UN Watch
725:Chechnya
721:Russia's
645:Pakistan
633:Zimbabwe
401:Paraguay
393:Honduras
309:Pakistan
301:Malaysia
271:Zimbabwe
231:Ethiopia
3634:Related
3152:(UNRWA)
3146:(UNOPS)
3134:(UNHCR)
3128:(UNSDG)
3081:(UNSSC)
2993:(CESCR)
2946:(ICSID)
2903:(UNFPA)
2837:(UNIDO)
2770:(ESCWA)
2764:(ESCAP)
2758:(ECLAC)
2711:(CSocD)
2687:(CCPCJ)
2231:Related
2217:Victims
2212:Torture
2207:Slavery
2015:in Peru
1880:in Iraq
1875:in Iran
1805:in Cuba
1601:Oceania
1515:Aspects
854:22 June
683:in the
665:Vietnam
649:Algeria
551:torture
482:to the
439:Ireland
435:Germany
427:Finland
385:Ecuador
355:Ukraine
347:Romania
343:Hungary
339:Armenia
251:Nigeria
227:Eritrea
176:Mandate
84:History
49:of the
3831:Portal
3813:(aunt)
3801:(uncle
3487:Legacy
3177:UNHLPF
3104:(HLPF)
3007:(ISAR)
2999:(GGIM)
2987:(CEPA)
2964:(MIGA)
2940:(IBRD)
2897:(UNEP)
2891:(UNDP)
2860:(WIPO)
2801:(IFAD)
2795:(ICAO)
2750:Africa
2744:Europe
2729:(UNFF)
2705:(CSTD)
2553:Major
2447:bodies
2192:Murder
1584:Europe
1567:Africa
1421:Humans
1354:
1346:
1036:
731:Israel
701:Muslim
685:Darfur
661:Uganda
643:, and
637:Russia
553:, the
464:Geneva
431:France
423:Canada
397:Mexico
369:Brazil
281:Bhutan
239:Guinea
98:ECOSOC
3729:(son)
3723:(son)
3717:(son)
3711:(son)
3197:UNHCR
3187:UNHRC
3110:(ITC)
3087:(UNU)
2981:(CDP)
2958:(IFC)
2952:(IDA)
2921:(WFP)
2872:(WBG)
2866:(WMO)
2854:(WHO)
2848:(UPU)
2825:(ITU)
2819:(IMO)
2813:(IMF)
2807:(ILO)
2789:(FAO)
2752:(ECA)
2746:(ECE)
2723:(CSW)
2699:(CPD)
2693:(CND)
2320:Types
1436:Women
1371:p.466
926:(PDF)
880:(PDF)
873:(PDF)
677:Sudan
657:Libya
653:Syria
443:Italy
313:Qatar
305:Nepal
297:Japan
289:India
259:Sudan
243:Kenya
235:Gabon
223:Egypt
163:Chile
43:UNCHR
3817:Fala
3531:USS
3369:and
3287:34th
2568:FIDH
2555:NGOs
2311:and
2202:Rape
1577:Asia
1352:ISBN
1344:ISBN
1225:2012
1182:2013
1150:link
1034:ISSN
933:2014
856:2018
663:and
529:The
489:The
405:Peru
377:Cuba
267:Togo
148:Asia
146:and
37:The
3623:FDR
2596:on
1024:doi
831:BBC
486:".
3857::
1350:,
1327:^
1166:.
1146:}}
1142:{{
1103:.
1032:.
1020:22
1018:.
1014:.
988:.
977:^
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651:,
639:,
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441:,
437:,
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421:,
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319:,
315:,
311:,
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303:,
299:,
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3833::
3807:)
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1286:,
1227:.
1184:.
1152:)
1138:.
1113:.
1077:.
1040:.
1026::
999:.
935:.
858:.
41:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
