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527:. Frangieh told the committee that Jews "illegally" in Palestine would be expelled while the situation of those "legally" in Palestine but without Palestinian citizenship would be resolved by a future Arab government. Efforts by UNSCOP members to get other Arab diplomats to soften their stance failed, with one committee member noting that "there is nothing more extreme than meeting all the representatives of the Arab world in one group... when each one tries to show that he is more extreme than the other." Privately, the committee met with pro-Zionist
31:
322:
visited a school in
Beersheba, the pupils were instructed not to look at the visitors. During a visit to an Arab village in the Galilee, the entire population was evacuated except for children who remained behind and cursed at the visitors. UNSCOP members were deeply impressed by the cleanliness and modernity of Jewish areas, in comparison to the dirtiness and what they viewed as the backwardness of Arab areas. They were particularly horrified by the common sight of child labor and exploitation in Arab factories and workshops.
50:
404:
hearings took place was replaced with female SHAI agents who monitored them while posing as cleaning ladies. The intelligence gathered was then distributed among Jewish leaders, who were instructed to destroy the documents after reading them. This did not go unnoticed: a member of the
Swedish delegation complained that the cleaning staff of the building was "too pretty and educated. They are the eyes and ears of the Zionist leaders, who come to hearings with replies prepared in advance."
298:. Jewish Agency officials also ensured that they met with Jews who spoke the native languages of committee members such as Swedish, Dutch, Spanish, and Persian. Committee members were given presentations arguing the Jewish case translated into their native languages. They were shown Jewish industry and commerce, agricultural innovations to allow farming in Jewish agricultural settlements in arid regions, and various institutions including
78:". The British government had also recommended the establishment of a special committee to prepare a report for the General Assembly. The General Assembly adopted the recommendation to set up the UNSCOP to investigate the cause of the conflict in Palestine, and, if possible, devise a solution. UNSCOP was made up of representatives of 11 countries. UNSCOP visited Palestine and gathered testimony from
559:
dominated the
Palestinian Arab community to argue in favor of a Jewish-Transjordanian partition of the country before the committee. The Arab League liaison submitted a memorandum demanding a solution satisfactory to the Palestinian Arabs, threatening catastrophe would result otherwise. The British submitted a memorandum arguing partition was a feasible option.
290:, and several Jewish agricultural settlements. When visiting Jewish areas, committee members were warmly welcomed, often with flowers and cheering crowds. When the committee visited Tel Aviv, a public holiday was declared. The streets were decorated with flags and posters and crowds surrounded the delegates during their tour of the city. They met Tel Aviv mayor
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443:, the Chief Secretary of Palestine, that the Palestine administration was spending nearly $ 30 million a year for police purposes, as well as the British insistence that their officials appear before UNSCOP hearings in private and a demand that they be informed in advance about who would be giving testimony, also left a negative impression.
423:, arguing that bases in Palestine and continued control over Haifa harbor were essential for the defense of the Middle East. UNSCOP members were shown new British Army barracks being constructed in the Negev (which would never be completed), and were told that this would be the future basing area for British troops in the Suez Canal zone.
1288:"There was great gratification for me in knowing that my eyewitness report was now a matter of record. Inherent in the nature of the relationship between Christians and Jews was the fact that because I was a Christian, in this situation my testimony would be given greater credence than that of a Jewish crew member."
414:
The committee also met
British officials. Some argued that the ideal solution would be to set up two autonomous Jewish and Arab states with Britain managing the finances of the two states due to the economic difficulties of partition and allowing Britain to retain a military presence in Palestine due
558:
In Geneva, while writing the report, the committee was subject to Jewish, Arab, and
British pressure. Zionist representatives vigorously lobbied the committee. They repeatedly submitted memoranda and recruited a Palestinian Arab representative whose father had been murdered by the Husseini clan that
403:
conducted an extensive operation to eavesdrop on committee members so as to ensure that
Zionist leaders would be better prepared for the hearings. Microphones were placed in their hotels and conference rooms, their telephone conversations were tapped, and the cleaning staff of the building that the
98:
into two independent states with
Economic Union (CHAPTER VI) and a minority proposal for a Plan for one Federal union with Jerusalem as its capital (CHAPTER VII). The majority plan was supported by 7 of the 11 members, with Iran, India and Yugoslavia voting against, and Australia abstaining. The
1014:
It was urged that the special interests of the Great Powers meant that they would not be impartial and that their inclusion in the committee might result in political discussions which would delay its work, that the committee must not only be impartial but must also give the impression of being
321:
By contrast, committee members were ignored and faced hostility in Arab areas. During UNSCOP visits to Arab areas, they were often met with empty streets, as well as locals who refused to answer their questions and even fled restaurants when they arrived. In one instance, when committee members
222:
charged UNSCOP with being pro-Zionist, and decided to boycott it. It announced a one-day general strike to protest its arrival, and Arab opposition figures were threatened with death if they spoke to UNSCOP. The Arab public was warned against making any contact whatsoever with UNSCOP and Arab
145:
established UNSCOP. The
Special Committee was given wide powers to ascertain and record facts, to investigate all questions and issues relevant to the problem of Palestine, and to make recommendations. It was authorized to conduct investigations in Palestine and wherever it might deem useful.
434:
and to a lesser extent the
Haganah. UNSCOP members noticed the constant presence of armed British security forces and armored cars in the streets, barbed wire around entire blocks of buildings, abundant pillboxes and roadblocks, and constant security checks in the streets. In addition, the
490:. Some Committee members were present at the port of Haifa and witnessed British soldiers violently removing resisting passengers from the ship so they could be deported back to Europe. The committee completed its work in Palestine by hearing the eyewitness testimony of the Reverend
890:
UNITED NATIONS: General
Assembly: A/364: 3 September 1947: OFFICIAL RECORDS OF THE SECOND SESSION OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY: SUPPLEMENT No. 11: UNITED NATIONS SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON PALESTINE: REPORT TO THE GENERAL ASSEMBLYL VOLUME 1: Lake Success, New York 1947: Retrieved 9 May
474:
and held them as hostages, threatening to kill them if the death sentences were carried out. Committee members discussed the sergeants when meeting with Begin, and refused an Irgun request to call Haviv, Nakar, and Weiss to testify before them over allegations of torture.
580:
was appointed by the General Assembly, and two plans were drawn up for the Governance of Palestine on the termination of the Mandate. Seven members of the UNSCOP endorsed a partition plan (the Majority report) favoured by the Zionist leadership on 2 October 1947.
388:, a former senior Zionist official who held no office at the particular time and testified as a private citizen. Zionist leaders argued for a Jewish state in Palestine and accepted the principle of partition. Anti-Zionist Jewish representatives from the
86:
boycotted the commission, explaining that the Palestinian Arabs' natural rights were self-evident and could not continue to be subject to investigation, but rather deserved to be recognized on the basis of the principles of the United Nations Charter.
121:
As soon as the British government announced that it would be referring the Palestine problem to the United Nations, the Secretary General, Trygve Lie, ordered the establishment of a five-member team to study the Palestine issue. The team consisted of
498:, convinced UNSCOP to reverse an earlier decision. The committee decided to hear the testimony of the Jewish refugees in British detention camps in Palestine and in European Displaced Persons camps trying to gain admittance to Palestine.
371:
It then held 12 public hearings from 4 to 17 July, during which 31 representatives from 12 Jewish organizations gave testimony and submitted written depositions, totaling thirty-two tons of material. Jewish Agency representatives such as
519:, who demanded an end to further Jewish immigration and the establishment of an Arab government in Palestine and claimed that the Zionists had territorial ambitions in Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon. On July 23, the representatives of
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in American and British occupation zones in Germany and Austria, and interviewed Jewish refugees and local military officials. They found that there was a strong desire to immigrate to Palestine among the Jewish DPs.
504:, later Prime Minister of Israel, observed that Reverend Grauel's testimony and advocacy for the creation of the Jewish state fundamentally and positively changed the United Nations to support the creation of Israel.
138:. The vast volumes of information they produced were to serve as background material for the "United Nations Special Committee on Palestine" (UNSCOP), which was to study the Palestine problem in the summer of 1947.
149:
It was decided that the committee should be composed of "neutral" countries, excluding the five permanent members of the Security Council, including the Mandatory power. The committee's final composition was:
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202:
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Despite the official Arab boycott, several Arab officials and intellectuals privately met committee members to argue for a unitary Arab-majority state, among them AHC member and former Jerusalem mayor
543:, who claimed that the Arabs would have "difficulty" accepting partition but refused to completely rule it out, hinting that in such an event, the Arab parts of Palestine should go to Transjordan.
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to spare their lives. The British refused, and were outraged at what they viewed as the committee's interference in the internal judicial affairs of the Mandate. Later, the Irgun
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imposed by the British, which allowed for detentions, confiscations, deportations, and trials before military rather than civil courts with no right to counsel, the admission of
1194:
223:
journalists were prohibited from covering their visit. UNSCOP first heard evidence from two British representatives and the head of the Jewish Agency's Political Department,
960:"How the United Nations Intended to Implement the Partition Plan: The Handbook Drawn up by the Secretariat for the Members of the United Nations Palestine Commission"
929:"How the United Nations Intended to Implement the Partition Plan: The Handbook Drawn up by the Secretariat for the Members of the United Nations Palestine Commission"
450:
referred to the Palestine Mandate as a "police state." On June 16, the day of UNSCOP's first formal hearing, a British military court sentenced three Irgun fighters,
294:, dining with him at a cafe and visiting city hall. During their visit to city hall, they were invited to step on to the balcony, at which point the crowd below sang
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419:. British military officials in particular emphasized the need for a continued British military presence in light of worsening relations between Britain and
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See ANNEX 8 Letter dated 10 July 1947 from the Arab Higher Committee confirming its decision concerning collaboration with the Special Committee
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impartial. It was also felt that the United Kingdom as the Mandatory was an interested party and should not therefore sit on the committee.
1409:, April 2002. Part 3: excerpt from Faith and fulfilment: Christians and the return to the Promised Land by Michael J. Pragia, London,
1195:"The Intelligence operation which led to the UN Decision to establish Israel, exactly 69 years ago- A New York Times Magazine Story"
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of 16 July 1947 UNSCOP report, Verbatim record (Waad Hair, Federation of Jewish Labour, Jewish Agency for Palestine)
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leaders, who told them that Lebanese Christians supported partition. Half of the committee's members then flew to
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758:
30:
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365:
1279:
The Birth of Israel The Drama as I Saw it, by Jorge Garcia Granados, Guatemalan Ambassador, Alfred Knopf, 1949
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The committee also noted the intense security and draconian laws in Palestine as a result of the ongoing
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113:, based on the UNSCOP majority plan (with only slight modifications to the proposed recommendations).
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Ben-Dror, Elad (2015). Ralph Bunche and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: Mediation and the UN 1947–1949,
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400:
345:, insisted that the Haganah could repel any Arab attack, including by the surrounding Arab states.
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310:. During the committee's visit, it was accompanied by Jewish Agency officials acting as liaisons:
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Ben-Dror, Elad (2022). UNSCOP and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Road to Partition. London:
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74:"make recommendations under article 10 of the Charter, concerning the future government of
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Zionist side accepted the Plan of Partition while the Arab side rejected both proposals.
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UNITED NATIONS: General Assembly: A/RES/181(II): 29 November 1947: Retrieved 10 May 2012
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329:, the main Jewish underground militia. The Haganah officials who attended the meeting,
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The report of the committee dated 3 September 1947 supported the termination of the
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UNSCOP also met twice with commanders from the right-wing Zionist guerrilla group
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368:, while in the second meeting they met with Begin and Irgun official Meir Cahan.
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R. Judah Magnes Urges U.N. Committee to Recommend Bi-national State in Palestine
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The unanimous decision of the UNSCOP was for the termination of the mandate.
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party were included. British officials also testified before the committee.
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UNSCOP officials clandestinely met with members of the high command of the
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Munists Ask Independent Jewish-arab State in Testimony Before U.N. Probers
227:, who submitted documents and were questioned by the committee's members.
466:. UNSCOP appealed to the British government through UN Secretary-General
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correspondent. In the first meeting, UNSCOP members met Irgun commander
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of 15 May 1947 General Assembly Resolution 106 Constituting the UNSCOP
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Canadian Friends of the International Christian Embassy in Jerusalem
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411:. The committee also received written arguments from Arab advocates.
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International Terrorism & American Foreign Relations, 1945-1976
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the United Nations Special Committee on Palestine (UNSCOP) (1947)
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The United Nations and Israel: Ivan Rand and the UNSCOP papers
550:, and on August 8, a subcommittee began a week-long tour of
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During the hearings, the Haganah's intelligence branch
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UNSCOP arrived in Palestine on 16 June 1947. While the
1362:
United Nations Special Committee on Palestine (UNSCOP)
1292:
Grauel: An Autobiography as Told to Eleanor Elfenbein
94:
in Palestine. It contained a majority proposal for a
482:, an illegal immigration ship carrying 4,554 Jewish
1427:
Israeli–Palestinian conflict and the United Nations
352:after arranging contact with the Irgun through an
1432:United Nations General Assembly subsidiary organs
218:cooperated with UNSCOP in its deliberations, the
109:On 29 November 1947 the General Assembly adopted
842:, 13 May 1947. Preparing meeting (doc.nr. A/307)
478:UNSCOP also followed the events surrounding the
511:, where they met with Lebanese Prime Minister
230:From 18 June to 3 July, the committee visited
82:organisations in Palestine and in the US. The
66:) was created on 15 May 1947 in response to a
1160:1948: A History of the First Arab-Israeli War
1096:1948: A History of the First Arab-Israeli War
1062:
1060:
60:United Nations Special Committee on Palestine
54:UNSCOP members visiting Haifa (July 18, 1947)
8:
1403:. Parts 1 and 2: article by John Ross, from
578:Ad Hoc Committee on the Palestinian Question
569:Ad Hoc Committee on the Palestinian Question
104:Ad Hoc Committee on the Palestinian Question
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
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871:UN Doc A/364 Add. 1 d.d. 3 September 1947
523:states testified before the committee in
996:ST/DPI/SER.A/47: Background Paper No. 47
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486:survivors which was intercepted by the
106:was appointed by the General Assembly.
507:On July 21, the committee traveled to
360:along with Irgun high command members
286:, Arab and Jewish settlements in the
102:Following release of the report, the
7:
1218:Hollingworth, Clare (2015-07-24).
1018:"ST/DPI/SER.A/47 of 20 April 1949"
430:conducted mainly by the Irgun and
25:
723:Dr. Alberto Ulloa, representative
462:, to death for their role in the
18:UN Special Committee on Palestine
1385:Original documents can be found
1355:
1290:Elfenbein, Eleanor (June 1983).
415:to the growing threat from the
1372:at the United Nations Archives
1093:Morris, Benny (October 2008).
563:Ad hoc committee deliberations
472:captured two British sergeants
306:, and the laboratories of the
304:Hebrew University of Jerusalem
1:
1193:Bergman, Ronen (2011-10-07).
832:Report of the First Committee
1120:Kumamoto, Robert D. (1999).
1078:A State is Born in Palestine
1042:A/RES/106 (S-1)15 May 1947:
70:government request that the
1448:
759:Enrique Rodriguez Fabregat
742:, representative, chairman
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1099:. Yale University Press.
1046:: Retrieved 18 April 2012
1044:Creation of the Committee
976:10.1080/00263200701568402
656:, alternate and secretary
390:Palestine Communist Party
206:Members of UNSCOP in 1947
852:UN Doc A/364/Add.2 PV.33
1380:ANNEXES, APPENDIX, MAPS
1376:Report of UNSCOP - 1947
1067:Report of UNSCOP - 1947
958:Ben-Dror, Elad (2007).
927:Ben-Dror, Elad (2007).
552:displaced persons camps
300:Hadassah Medical Center
216:Jewish National Council
128:Constantin Stavropoulos
27:International committee
1221:The Arabs and the West
933:Middle Eastern Studies
384:testified, along with
308:Daniel Sieff Institute
207:
55:
47:
34:Meetings of UNSCOP at
1364:at Wikimedia Commons
1051:6 August 2012 at the
964:Middle Easter Studies
728:Arturo Garcia Salazar
647:Jorge GarcĂa Granados
515:and Foreign Minister
448:Jorge GarcĂa Granados
437:Emergency Regulations
220:Arab Higher Committee
205:
198:Work of the committee
136:Alfonso Garcia Robles
84:Arab Higher Committee
53:
42:(seated at far left,
33:
1411:Vallentine, Mitchell
1406:Canadian Jewish News
546:UNSCOP then flew to
446:Guatemalan delegate
141:On 15 May 1947, the
914:24 May 2012 at the
896:3 June 2012 at the
876:3 June 2014 at the
766:Ă“scar Secco Ellauri
671:Venkata Viswanathan
654:Emilio Zea Gonzalez
492:John Stanley Grauel
134:, Henri Vigier and
1246:Terror out of Zion
1001:2011-01-03 at the
857:2015-09-10 at the
838:2014-12-24 at the
817:2012-08-06 at the
679:, second alternate
529:Maronite Christian
208:
56:
48:
1360:Media related to
1344:978-1-032-05963-1
1329:978-1-138-78988-3
1301:978-0-9608896-0-0
1258:"John the Priest"
1231:978-1-317-41401-8
1133:978-1-55553-389-2
1106:978-0-300-14524-3
688:Nasrollah Entezam
494:, who was on the
464:Acre Prison break
428:Jewish insurgency
409:Husayn al-Khalidi
318:, and Moshe Tov.
132:John Noel Reedman
96:Plan of Partition
16:(Redirected from
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176:Netherlands
1421:Categories
1266:2024-01-30
1204:2019-07-01
1028:2007-07-31
981:7 December
970:(6): 998.
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799:References
764:Professor
757:Professor
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152:Australia
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