1073:
the Jordan valley, Jerusalem, and other sensitive areas. This led me into a flurry of activity at the United
Nations, which resulted in the near miracle of getting the famous resolution â Resolution 242 â unanimously adopted by the Security Council. It declares "the inadmissibility of territory by war" and it also affirms the necessity "for guaranteeing the territorial inviolability and political independence of every state in the area". It calls for "withdrawal of Israeli forces from territories occupied during the recent conflict." It does not call for Israeli withdrawal from âtheâ territories recently occupied, nor does it use the word âallâ. It would have been impossible to get the resolution through if either of these words had been included, but it does set out the lines on which negotiations for a settlement must take place. Each side must be prepared to give up something: the resolution doesnât attempt to say precisely what, because that is what negotiations for a peace-treaty must be about.
1172:
made clear the US view that there should be movement from
General Armistice Agreements to conditions of peace and that this would involve some adjustments of armistice lines as foreseen in the Armistice Agreements. Rostow told Harmon that he had already stressed to Foreign Minister Eban that the US expected the thrust of the settlement would be toward security and demilitarization arrangements rather than toward major changes in the Armistice lines. Harmon said the Israeli position was that Jerusalem should be an open city under unified administration but that the Jordanian interest in Jerusalem could be met through arrangements including "sovereignty". Rostow said the US government assumed (and Harman confirmed) that despite public statements to the contrary, the Government of Israel position on Jerusalem was that which Eban, Harman, and Evron had given several times, that Jerusalem was negotiable.
573:
because we thought the
Israeli border along the West Bank could be "rationalized"; certain anomalies could easily be straightened out with some exchanges of territory, making a more sensible border for all parties. We also wanted to leave open demilitarization measures in the Sinai and the Golan Heights and take a fresh look at the old city of Jerusalem. But we never contemplated any significant grant of territory to Israel as a result of the June 1967 war. On that point we and the Israelis to this day remain sharply divided. This situation could lead to real trouble in the future. Although every President since Harry Truman has committed the United States to the security and independence of Israel, I'm not aware of any commitment the United States has made to assist Israel in retaining territories seized in the Six-Day War.
1224:
war and requiring respect of territorial integrity and sovereignty of a state demonstrates that the
Council does not intend to offend peremptory norms in these specific ways. The resolution also acknowledges that these principles must be part of an accepted settlement. That is confirmed by the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties which reiterates the prohibition on the use of force and provides that any settlement obtained by the threat or use of force in violation of the principles of international law embodied in the Charter of the United Nations or conflicting with a peremptory norm of general international law is invalid. According to Hans-Paul Gasser, âdoubtfulâ wording of the Councilâs resolutions must always be construed in such a way as to avoid conflict with fundamental international obligations.
175:
581:, to President Johnson said: "What's on the Arab Ambassadors' minds boils down to one big question: Will we make good on our pledge to support the territorial integrity of all states in the Middle East? Our best answer is that we stand by that pledge, but the only way to make good on it is to have a genuine peace. The tough question is whether we'd force Israel back to 4 June borders if the Arabs accepted terms that amounted to an honest peace settlement. Secretary Rusk told the Yugoslav Foreign Minister: 'The US had no problem with frontiers as they existed before the outbreak of hostilities. If we are talking about national frontiersâin a state of peaceâthen we will work toward restoring them.' But we all know that could lead to a tangle with the Israelis."
636:
have stated that the indefinite language was used to permit insubstantial and mutually beneficial alterations to the 1949 armistices lines, but that unilateral annexation of the captured territory was never authorized. Other parties have said that no final settlement obtained through force or the threat of force could be considered valid. They insist that the
Security Council cannot create loopholes in peremptory norms of international law or the UN Charter, and that any use of indefinite language has to be interpreted in line with the overriding legal principles regarding the âinadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by warâ and the prohibitions on mass deportations or displacement in connection with the settlement of the refugee problem.
1309:. While reiterating its rejection of UN 242 the PLO should engage in a "framework other than that of resolution 242." The Program, a compromise with rejectionists, marked the first official PLO document that suggested the feasibility of a two-state solution. While Israel was not likely to accept such conditions, the document suggested compromise. According to scholar Shaul Mishal, "a real shift in the PLO position towards the occupied territories;unequivocal support for military struggle has ever since been supplemented by a willingness to consider political means as well." Although a minority, the creation of the Rejectionist Front enabled an argument that the PLO did not speak for all Palestinians and so should not participate at Geneva.
950:, which states that except when a treaty provides that one text shall prevail "the meaning which best reconciles the texts, having regard to the object and purpose of the treaty, shall be adopted". He furthermore argues that the context of the passage, in a treaty that reaffirms "'territorial integrity', 'territorial inviolability,' and 'the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by war' â taken together cannot be reconciled with anything less than full withdrawal". He argues that the reference to "secure and recognized borders" can be interpreted in several ways, and only one of them contradicts the principle of full withdrawal.
640:
clear consequence of jus cogens and the conventional law as reflected in the Vienna
Convention on the Law of Treaties. A recent South African study concluded that the ultimate status and boundaries will require negotiation between the parties, according to Security Council Resolutions 242 and 338. The same study also found that the provisions of the Fourth Geneva Convention which govern âspecial agreementsâ that can adversely affect the rights of protected persons precludes any change in status of the territory obtained through an agreement concluded during a state of belligerent occupation.
312:
201:
257:
338:
1180:
from the West Bank. He said this possibility was evident from a speech given by Prime
Minister Eshkol in which it had been claimed that both Gaza and the West Bank had been "occupied territory". The President agreed, and promised he would talk to Ambassador Goldberg about inserting Israel in that clause. Ambassador Goldberg told King Hussein that after taking into account legitimate Arab concerns and suggestions, the US would be willing to add the word "Israeli" before "Armed Forces" in the first operative paragraph.
1130:, Assistant Secretary of State, 12 July 1970 (NBC "Meet the Press"): "That Resolution did not say 'withdrawal to the pre-June 5 lines'. The Resolution said that the parties must negotiate to achieve agreement on the so-called final secure and recognized borders. In other words, the question of the final borders is a matter of negotiations between the parties." Mr. Sisco was actively involved in drafting the resolution in his capacity as Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs in 1967.
1115:
Israeli armed forces from territories occupied in the 1967 conflict, without specifying the extent of the withdrawal. The resolution, therefore, neither commands nor prohibits total withdrawal. If the resolution is ambiguous, and purposely so, on this crucial issue, how is the withdrawal issue to be settled? By direct negotiations between the concerned parties. Resolution 242 calls for agreement between them to achieve a peaceful and accepted settlement. Agreement and acceptance necessarily require negotiations.
822:, 1515, 1850, and the Madrid principles. The Quartet has reiterated that the only viable solution to the IsraeliâPalestinian conflict is an agreement that ends the occupation that began in 1967; resolves all permanent status issues as previously defined by the parties; and fulfils the aspirations of both parties for independent homelands through two states for two peoples, Israel and an independent, contiguous and viable state of Palestine, living side by side in peace and security.
1123:, Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, in a reply to a question in Parliament, 9 December 1969: "As I have explained before, there is reference, in the vital United Nations Security Council Resolution, both to withdrawal from territories and to secure and recognized boundaries. As I have told the House previously, we believe that these two things should be read concurrently and that the omission of the word 'all' before the word 'territories' is deliberate."
162:
286:
5009:
540:. The resolution deals with five principles; withdrawal of Israeli forces, 'peace within secure and recognized boundaries', freedom of navigation, a just settlement of the refugee problem and security measures including demilitarized zones. It also provided for the appointment of a Special Representative to proceed to the Middle East in order to promote agreement on a peaceful and accepted settlement in accordance with the principles outlined in the resolution.
1160:
On July 12, 1967, Secretary of State Rusk announced that the U.S. position on the Near East crisis was outlined in the
President's statement of June 19 and that it provided the basis for a just and equitable settlement between the Arab states and Israel. On August 16, 1967, the Israeli Foreign Office stated that Israel agreed with the principles set forth by the President on June 19 and indicated that no resolution would be acceptable if it deviated from them.
1176:
would use its influence to obtain compensation to Jordan for any territory it would be required to give up. Finally, although as a matter of policy the US did not agree with Jordan's position on
Jerusalem, nor with the Israeli position on Jerusalem, the US was prepared to use its influence to obtain for Jordan a role in Jerusalem. Secretary Rusk advised President Johnson that he confirmed Goldberg's pledge regarding territorial integrity to King Hussein.
214:
188:
896:
can only be the contraction "from the" because of the use of the word "retrait" which entails an object â "des forces israĂ©liennes" where the "des" is the contraction of "of the" (of the
Israeli forces) and a location "des territoires occupés" where "des" is the contraction of "from the" (from the occupied territories)). If the meaning of "from some occupied territories" were intended, the only way to say so in French would have been "
1089:
meant that there could be no justification for annexation of territory on the Arab side of the 1967 line merely because it had been conquered in the 1967 war. The sensible way to decide permanent "secure and recognized" boundaries would be to set up a Boundary Commission and hear both sides and then to make impartial recommendations for a new frontier line, bearing in mind, of course, the "inadmissibility" principle.
780:"Nevertheless so important is the future of Jerusalem that it might be argued that we should have specifically dealt with that issue in the 1967 Resolution. It is easy to say that now, but I am quite sure that if we had attempted to raise or settle the question of Jerusalem as a separate issue at that time our task in attempting to find a unanimous decision would have been far greater if not impossible."
243:
4106:
272:
3368:
364:
299:
787:(2003), the key underlying requirements have remained the same â that Israel is entitled to exist, to be recognized, and to security, and that the Palestinian people are entitled to their territory, to exercise self-determination, and to have their own State. Security Council resolution 1515 (2003) envisages that these long-standing obligations are to be secured (...) by negotiation"
351:
795:
agreed must be decided in negotiations on the final status of the territories. Had this language appeared in the operative paragraphs of the resolution, let me be clear: we would have exercised our veto. In fact, we are today voting against a resolution in the Commission on the Status of Women precisely because it implies that Jerusalem is 'occupied Palestinian territory'."
53:
850:. De Gaulle cited "the pitiful condition of the Arabs who had sought refuge in Jordan or were relegated to Gaza" and stated that provided Israel withdrew her forces, it appeared it would be possible to reach a solution "within the framework of the United Nations that included the assurance of a dignified and fair future for the refugees and minorities in the Middle East."
1168:
resolution. Goldberg said the US believes in territorial integrity, withdrawal, and recognition of secure boundaries. Goldberg said the principle of territorial integrity has two important sub-principles: there must be a withdrawal to recognized and secure frontiers for all countries, not necessarily the old armistice lines, and there must be mutuality in adjustments.
325:
776:. But a peace treaty was not made, mainly due to Syria's desire to recover and retain 25 square kilometers of territory in the Jordan River Valley which it seized in 1948 and occupied until 1967. As the United Nations recognizes only the 1948 borders, there is little support for the Syrian position outside the Arab bloc nor in resolving the Golan Heights issue.
1439:
the "inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by war". It follows that the provision contained in that draft relating to the right of all States in the Near East "to live in peace within secure and recognized boundaries" cannot serve as a pretext for the maintenance of Israel forces on any part of the Arab territories seized by them as a result of war.
806:. They envisioned a 'permanent settlement based on Security Council Resolution 242'. The main premise of the Oslo Accords was the eventual creation of Palestinian autonomy in some or all of the territories captured during the Six-Day War, in return for Palestinian recognition of Israel. However, the Foreign Minister of the Palestinian Authority,
1188:
respect the territorial integrity of the Arab states. Quandt said "'The President wished to caution the Israelis that the further they get from June 5 the further they get from peace.' Meaning the more territory they insisted on holding beyond the 1967 lines, the worse would be the odds of getting a peace agreement with the Arabs."
810:, said: "Whether a state is announced now or after liberation, its borders must be those of 4 June 1967. We will not accept a state without borders or with borders based on UN Resolution 242, which we believe is no longer suitable. On the contrary, Resolution 242 has come to be used by Israel as a way to procrastinate."
1438:
We understand the decision taken to mean the withdrawal of Israel forces from all, and we repeat, all territories belonging to Arab States and seized by Israel following its attack on those States on 5 June 1967. This is borne out by the preamble to the United Kingdom draft resolution which stresses
1253:
We didn't say there should be a withdrawal to the '67 line; we did not put the 'the' in, we did not say all the territories, deliberately.. We all knew â that the boundaries of '67 were not drawn as permanent frontiers, they were a cease-fire line of a couple of decades earlier... We did not say
1241:
It was from occupied territories that the Resolution called for withdrawal. The test was which territories were occupied. That was a test not possibly subject to any doubt. As a matter of plain fact East Jerusalem, the West Bank, Gaza, the Golan and Sinai were occupied in the 1967 conflict. It was on
1196:
Israel interprets Resolution 242 as calling for withdrawal from territories as part of a negotiated peace and full diplomatic recognition. The extent of withdrawal would come as a result of comprehensive negotiations that led to durable peace not before Arabs start to meet their own obligations under
1175:
Ambassador Goldberg briefed King Hussein on US assurances regarding territorial integrity. Goldberg said the US did not view Jordan as a country that consisted only of the East Bank, and that the US was prepared to support a return of the West Bank to Jordan with minor boundary rectifications. The US
1171:
Walt Rostow advised President Johnson that Secretary Rusk had explained to Mr. Eban that US support for secure permanent frontiers does not mean the US supports territorial changes. The record of a meeting between Under Secretary of State Eugene Rostow and Israeli Ambassador Harmon stated that Rostow
1159:
On June 19, 1967, President Johnson declared the five principles, including land for peace, that he believed comprised the components of any United Nations settlement of the Middle East crisis. He pledged the U.S. Government would "do its part for peace in every forum, at every level, at every hour".
1149:
There are some who have urged, as a single, simple solution, an immediate return to the situation as it was on June 4. As our distinguished and able Ambassador, Mr. Arthur Goldberg, has already said, this is not a prescription for peace but for renewed hostilities. Certainly troops must be withdrawn,
993:
the French text, which is equally authentic with the English, leaves no room for any ambiguity, since it speaks of withdrawal "des territoires occupés," which indisputably corresponds to the expression "occupied territories". We were likewise gratified to hear the United Kingdom representative stress
964:
It is a historical fact, which nobody has ever attempted to deny, that the negotiations between the members of the Security Council, and with the other interested parties, which preceded the adoption of that resolution, were conducted on the basis of English texts, ultimately consolidated in Security
826:
Israel would be nine miles wide at the thinnest point, subjected to rocket fire from the highlands of the West Bank, and unable to stop smuggling from Jordan across the Jordan Valley. Thus, Israeli officials have been arguing for the final-status borders to be readjusted to reflect security concerns.
559:
As to the third operative paragraph, I have said before that I consider that the United Nations special representative should be free to decide himself the exact means and methods by which he pursues his endeavors in contact with the States concerned both to promote agreement and to assist efforts to
547:
All of us recognize that peace is the prize. None of us wishes a temporary truce or a superficial accommodation. We could never advocate a return to uneasy hostility. As I have said, my Government would never wish to be associated with any so-called settlement which was only a continuation of a false
491:
On 1 May 1968, the Israeli ambassador to the UN expressed Israel's position to the Security Council: "My government has indicated its acceptance of the Security Council resolution for the promotion of agreement on the establishment of a just and lasting peace. I am also authorized to reaffirm that we
1167:
On November 3, 1967, Ambassador Goldberg, accompanied by Mr. Sisco and Mr. Pedersen, called on King Hussein of Jordan. Goldberg said the US was committed to the principle of political independence and territorial integrity and was ready to reaffirm it bilaterally and publicly in the Security Council
1088:
Knowing as I did the unsatisfactory nature of the 1967 line I was not prepared to use wording in the Resolution which would have made that line permanent. Nevertheless it is necessary to say again that the overriding principle was the "inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by war" and that
1031:
Jordanâs acquiescence in Resolution 242 had been obtained in 1967 by the promise of our United Nations Ambassador Arthur Goldberg that under its terms we would work for the return of the West Bank of Jordan with minor boundary rectifications and that we were prepared to use our influence to obtain a
1026:
recalled the first time he heard someone invoke "the sacramental language of United Nations Security Council Resolution 242, mumbling about the need for a just and lasting peace within secure and recognized borders". He said the phrase was so platitudinous that he thought the speaker was pulling his
945:
Glenn Perry asserts that because the French version resolves ambiguities in the English text, and is more consistent with the other clauses of the treaty, it is the correct interpretation. He argues that "it is an accepted rule that the various language versions must be considered together, with the
584:
Rusk met with Foreign Minister Nikezic on August 30, 1967. However, according to telegram 30825 to Belgrade, September 1, which summarizes the conversation, Rusk said the key to a settlement was to end the state of war and belligerence and that if a way could be found to deal with this, other things
1388:
It is our understanding that the draft resolution, if approved by the Council, will commit it to the application of the principle of total withdrawal of Israel forces from all the territories â I repeat, all the territories â occupied by Israel as a result of the conflict which began on 5
1179:
During a subsequent meeting between President Johnson, King Hussein, and Secretary of State Rusk, Hussein said the phrasing of the resolution calling for withdrawal from occupied territories could be interpreted to mean that the Egyptians should withdraw from Gaza and the Jordanians should withdraw
1163:
On June 9, 1967, Israeli Foreign Minister Eban assured Arthur Goldberg, US Ambassador to the UN, that Israel was not seeking territorial aggrandizement and had no "colonial" aspirations. Secretary of State Rusk stressed to the Government of Israel that no settlement with Jordan would be accepted by
1114:
Does Resolution 242 as unanimously adopted by the UN Security Council require the withdrawal of Israeli armed forces from all of the territories occupied by Israel during the 1967 war? The answer is no. In the resolution, the words the and all are omitted. Resolution 242 calls for the withdrawal of
1021:
Ruth Lapidoth describes the view, adopted by Israel, which holds that the resolution allowed Israel to retain "some territories". She argues "The provision on the establishment of âsecure and recognized boundariesâ would have been meaningless if there had been an obligation to withdraw from all the
895:
The difference between the two versions lies in the absence of a definite article ("the") in the English version, while the word "des" present in the French version in the expression "des territoires occupés" can only mean "from the occupied territories" (the "des" in front of "territoires occupés"
705:
Michael Lynk says that article 2 of the Charter embodied a prevailing legal principle that there could be "no title by conquest". He says that principle had been expressed through numerous international conferences, doctrines, and treaties since the late 19th Century. Lynk cites the examples of the
600:
Rostow said ... resolution required agreement on "secure and recognized" boundaries, which, as practical matter, and as matter of interpreting resolution, had to precede withdrawals. Two principles were basic to Article I of resolution. Paragraph from which Dobrynin quoted was linked to others, and
588:
President Johnson responded to a complaint from President Tito that Israel could change the frontiers without Arab consent: "You note that the Arabs feel the US interprets the draft resolution to imply a change of frontiers to their detriment. We have no preconceptions on frontiers as such. What we
1223:
Alexander Orakhelashvili cites a number of cases in which international tribunals have ruled that international organizations, including the Security Council, are bound by general international law. He says that inclusion of explicit clauses about the inadmissibility of acquisition of territory by
1207:
Israel and the Arab states have negotiated before the Israeli withdrawal. Israel and Jordan made peace without Israel withdrawing from the West Bank, since Jordan had already renounced its claims and recognized the PLO as the sole representative of the Palestinians. Egypt began negotiations before
1145:
This principle can be effective in the Middle East only on the basis of peace between the parties. The nations of the region have had only fragile and violated truce lines for 20 years. What they now need are recognized boundaries and other arrangements that will give them security against terror,
1072:
The Israelis had by now annexed de facto, if not formally, large new areas of Arab land, and there were now very many more Arab refugees. It was clear that what Israel or at least many of her leaders, really wanted was permanently to colonize much of this newly annexed Arab territory, particularly
1048:
said: "The U.S. further supports the position that a just and lasting peace, which remains our objective, must be acceptable to both sides. The U.S. has not developed a final position on the borders. Should it do so it will give great weight to Israel's position that any peace agreement with Syria
1016:
Support for the concept of total withdrawal was widespread in the Security Council, and it was only through intensive American efforts that a resolution was adopted which employed indefinite language in the withdrawal clause. In the process of obtaining this result, the United States made clear to
825:
On April 14, 2004, US President George W. Bush said to Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, "The United States reiterates its steadfast commitment to Israel's security, including secure, defensible borders." Israeli officials argue that the pre-1967 armistice line is not a defensible border, since
635:
According to Michael Lynk, there are three schools of thought concerning the proper legal interpretation of the withdrawal phrase. Some of the parties involved have suggested that the indefinite language is a âperceptible loopholeâ, that authorizes âterritorial revisionâ for Israel's benefit. Some
620:
There is, however, another way to peace. The final status of these lands must, of course, be reached through the give-and-take of negotiations; but it is the firm view of the United States that self-government by the Palestinians of the West Bank and Gaza in association with Jordan offers the best
555:
As to the second operative paragraph, there is I believe no vestige of disagreement between us all that there must be a guarantee of freedom of navigation through international waterways. There must be a just settlement of the refugee problem. There must be a guarantee and adequate means to ensure
2495:
Mais nous devons admettre qu'en ce qui concerne le point que la dĂ©lĂ©gation française a toujours prĂ©sentĂ© comme essentiel, celui du retrait des forces d'occupation, la rĂ©solution adoptĂ©e, si l'on se rĂ©fĂšre au texte français qui fait foi au mĂȘme titre que le texte anglais, ne laisse place Ă aucune
1283:
The day after Resolution 242 was adopted, the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) rejected it as "fundamentally and gravely inconsistent with the Arab character of Palestine, the essence of the Palestine cause and the right of the Palestinian people to their homeland." and
853:
Alexander Orakhelashvili said that âJust settlementâ can only refer to a settlement guaranteeing the return of displaced Palestinians. He explained that it must be presumed that the Council did not adopt decisions that validated mass deportation or displacement, since expulsion or deportation are
779:
The UN resolution does not specifically mention the Palestinians. The United Kingdom had recognized the union between the West Bank and Transjordan. Lord Caradon said that the parties assumed that withdrawal from occupied territories as provided in the resolution was applicable to East Jerusalem.
453:(ii) Termination of all claims or states of belligerency and respect for and acknowledgment of the sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence of every State in the area and their right to live in peace within secure and recognized boundaries free from threats or acts of force."
794:
told the U.N. Security Council in 1994 that "We simply do not support the description of the territories occupied by Israel in 1967 as 'Occupied Palestinian Territory'. In the view of my Government, this language could be taken to indicate sovereignty, a matter which both Israel and the PLO have
639:
Alexander Orakhelashvili says that the Security Council manifestly lacks the competence to validate agreements imposed through coercion, not least because the peremptory prohibition of the use of force is a limitation on the Councilâs powers and the voidness of coercively imposed treaties is the
572:
There was much bickering over whether that resolution should say from "the" territories or from "all" territories. In the French version, which is equally authentic, it says withdrawal de territory, with de meaning "the." We wanted that to be left a little vague and subject to future negotiation
1273:
I have been asked over and over again to clarify, modify or improve the wording, but I do not intend to do that. The phrasing of the Resolution was very carefully worked out, and it was a difficult and complicated exercise to get it accepted by the UN Security Council. I formulated the Security
1219:
Supporters of the "Israeli viewpoint" note that the second part of that same sentence in the preamble explicitly recognizes the need of existing states to live in security. They focus on the operative phrase calling for "secure and recognized boundaries" and note that the resolution calls for a
1187:
William Quandt wrote about Johnson's meeting with Eban on October 24, 1967, and noted that Israel had annexed East Jerusalem. He said Johnson forcefully told Eban he thought Israel had been unwise when it went to war and that he still thought they were unwise. The President stressed the need to
1371:
Israel still refused to deal directly with the PLO and the Palestinians formed part of a joint delegation with Jordan. Finally, in the 1993 Declaration of Principles and the subsequent Israeli-Palestinian agreements, Israel and the PLO each recognized the other and agreed terms of reference as
1227:
The USSR, India, Mali, Nigeria and Arab States all proposed that the resolution be changed to read "all territories" instead of "territories." Their request was discussed by the UN Security Council and "territories" was adopted instead of "all territories", after President Johnson told Premier
1183:
A State Department study noted that when King Hussein met on 8 November with President Johnson, who had been briefed by Secretary Rusk on the US interpretation, the Jordanian monarch asked how soon the Israeli troops would withdraw from most of the occupied lands. The President replied "In six
998:
Opponents of the "all territories" reading remind that the UN Security Council declined to adopt a draft resolution, including the definite article, far prior to the adoption of Resolution 242. They argue that, in interpreting a resolution of an international organization, one must look to the
1481:
I should like to restate...the general principle that no stable international order can be based on the threat or use of force, and that the occupation or acquisition of territories brought about by such means should not be recognized...Its acceptance does not imply that borderlines cannot be
1007:
A Congressional Research Service (CRS) Issue Brief quotes policy statements made by President Johnson in a speech delivered on September 10, 1968, and by Secretary of State Rogers in a speech delivered on December 9, 1969: "The United States has stated that boundaries should be negotiated and
937:
In spite of the lack of definite articles, according to McHugo, it is clear that such an instruction cannot legitimately be taken to imply that some dogs need not be kept on the lead or that the rule applies only near some ponds. Further, McHugo points out a potential consequence of the logic
841:
The resolution advocates a "just settlement of the refugee problem". Lord Caradon said "It has been said that in the Resolution we treated Palestinians only as refugees, but this is unjustified. We provided that Israel should withdraw from occupied territories and it was together with that
551:
As to the first operative paragraph, and with due respect for fulfillment of Charter principles, we consider it essential that there should be applied the principles of both withdrawal and security, and we have no doubt that the words set out throughout that paragraph are perfectly clear.
965:
Council document S/8247. Many experts in the French language, including academics with no political axe to grind, have advised that the French translation is an accurate and idiomatic rendering of the original English text, and possibly even the only acceptable rendering into French.
4631:
1544:
rejected Jarring's mission on grounds that total Israeli withdrawal was a prerequisite for further negotiations. The talks under Jarring's auspices lasted until 1973, but bore no results. After 1973, the Jarring mission was replaced by bilateral and multilateral peace conferences.
903:
Although some have dismissed the controversy by suggesting that the use of the word "des" in the French version is a translation error and should therefore be ignored in interpreting the document, the debate has retained its force since both versions are of equal legal force, as
1482:
rectified as a result of an agreement freely concluded among the interested States. We keep constantly in mind that a just and lasting peace in the Middle East has necessarily to be based on secure permanent boundaries freely agreed upon and negotiated by the neighboring States.
2844:
Foreign Relations of the US, 1964â1968, Vol. XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967 pp 944â948; William B. Quandt, Peace Process: American diplomacy and the ArabâIsraeli conflict since 1967, Brookings Institution Press and the University of California Press, 3rd edition, 2005,
1232:
that the delegates should not try to negotiate the details of a Middle East settlement in the corridors and meeting halls of the United Nations, and Ambassador Goldberg stipulated that the exact wording of the resolution would not affect the position of any of the parties. Per
1429:
supported this view, as worded by the representative from Mali: " wishes its vote today to be interpreted in the light of the clear and unequivocal interpretation which the representative of India gave of the provisions of the United Kingdom text." The Russian representative
5645:
1027:
leg. Kissinger said that, at that time, he did not appreciate how the flood of words used to justify the various demands obscured rather than illuminated the fundamental positions. Kissinger said those "clashing perspectives" prevented any real bargaining and explained:
1040:
said "You and I both know they canât go back to the other borders. But we must not, on the other hand, say that because the Israelis win this war, as they won the '67 War, that we just go on with status quo. It can't be done." Kissinger replied "I couldn't agree more"
4917:
4141:
1504:, who represented the US in discussions, later stated: "The notable omissions in regard to withdrawal are the word 'the' or 'all' and 'the June 5, 1967, lines' the resolution speaks of withdrawal from occupied territories, without defining the extent of withdrawal".
1274:
Council Resolution. Before we submitted it to the Council, we showed it to Arab leaders. The proposal said 'Israel will withdraw from territories that were occupied', and not from 'the' territories, which means that Israel will not withdraw from all the territories.
4715:
817:
towards a permanent, two-State solution to the IsraeliâPalestinian conflict. The Quartet Plan calls for direct, bilateral negotiations as part of a comprehensive resolution of the ArabâIsraeli conflict, on the basis of UN Security Council Resolutions 242, 338,
737:" formula, calling for Israeli withdrawal from "territories" it had occupied in 1967 in exchange for peace with its neighbors. This was an important advance at the time, considering that there were no peace treaties between any Arab state and Israel until the
4466:
1063:
A key part of the case in favour of a "some territories" reading is the claim that British and American officials involved in the drafting of the resolution omitted the definite article deliberately in order to make it less demanding on the Israelis. As
4461:
1211:
Supporters of the "Palestinian viewpoint" focus on the phrase in the resolution's preamble emphasizing the "inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by war", and note that the French version called for withdrawal from "des territoires occupĂ©s" â
627:
When the border is negotiated between Jordan and Israel, our view on the extent to which Israel should be asked to give up territory will be heavily affected by the extent of true peace and normalization and the security arrangements offered in return.
4503:
601:
he did not see how anyone could seriously argue, in light of history of resolution in Security Council, withdrawal to borders of June 4th was contemplated. These words had been pressed on Council by Indians and others, and had not been accepted. Rusk
589:
believe to be important is that the frontiers be secure. For this the single most vital condition is that they be acceptable to both sides. It is a source of regret to us that the Arabs appear to misunderstand our proposal and misread our motives."
1141:
Fifth, the crisis underlines the importance of respect for political independence and territorial integrity of all the states of the area. We reaffirmed that principle at the height of this crisis. We reaffirm it again today on behalf of all.
2980:
Hans-Paul Gasser,âCollective Economic Sanctions and International Humanitarian Law â An Enforcement Measure under the United Nations Charter and the Right of Civilians to Immunity: An Unavoidable Clash of Policy Goalsâ, (1996) 56 ZaöRV
718:
of 1941. Surya Sharma says that under the UN Charter, a war in self-defense cannot result in the acquisition of title by conquest. He says that even if a war is lawful in origin it cannot exceed the limits of legitimate self-defense.
1150:
but there must also be recognized rights of national life, progress in solving the refugee problem, freedom of innocent maritime passage, limitation of the arms race, and respect for political independence and territorial integrity."
697:
requires all members to "refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the purposes of the
1096:
But how would one change the previous border without the acquisition of territory by war? Are you suggesting mutual concessions, that is, that both Israel and the Arabs would rationalize the border by yielding up small parcels of
4508:
938:
employed by advocates of a "some" reading. Paragraph 2 (a) of the resolution, which guarantees "freedom of navigation through international waterways in the area," may allow Arab states to interfere with navigation through
445:
Operative Paragraph One "Affirms that the fulfillment of Charter principles requires the establishment of a just and lasting peace in the Middle East which should include the application of both the following principles:
5670:
1494:
argued: " ... phrases such as 'secure and recognized boundaries'. ... make it possible for Israel itself arbitrarily to establish new boundaries and to withdraw its forces only to those lines it considers appropriate."
613:
In the pre-1967 borders Israel was barely 10 miles wide at its narrowest point. The bulk of Israel's population lived within artillery range of hostile Arab armies. I am not about to ask Israel to live that way again...
5680:
5640:
5685:
5675:
4478:
4528:
2525:
State Department Study of the Meaning of Resolution 242, by Nina J. Noring of the Office of the Historian, and Walter B. Smith II, Director of the Office of Israeli and Arab-Israeli Affairs, Department of State,
4488:
1011:
President Carter asked for a State Department report "to determine if there was any justice to the Israeli position that the resolution did not include all the occupied territories". The State Department report
4131:
1884:
Foreign Relations of the U.S. , 1964â1968, Volume XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967. Document 455, Memorandum From the President's Special Assistant (Rostow) to President Johnson, Washington, October 3,
441:
The preamble refers to the "inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by war and the need to work for a just and lasting peace in the Middle East in which every State in the area can live in security".
4787:
3793:
1340:, Kissinger had promised Israel that the United States would not deal with the PLO until it recognized Israel's right to exist and accepted United Nations Security Council Resolutions 242 and 338. The 1978
1164:
the world community unless it gave Jordan some special position in the Old City of Jerusalem. The US also assumed Jordan would receive the bulk of the West Bank as that was regarded as Jordanian territory.
857:
According to M. Avrum Ehrlich, 'Resolution 242 called for "a just solution to the refugee problem," a term covering Jewish refugees from Arab countries as stated by President Carter in 1978 at Camp David'.
519:
The resolution is the formula proposed by the Security Council for the resolution of the ArabâIsraeli conflict, in particular, ending the state of belligerency then existing between the 'States concerned',
4069:
976:
argues the practice at the UN is that the binding version of any resolution is the one voted upon. In the case of 242 that version was in English, so they assert the English version the only binding one.
4185:
3773:
2868:
1943:
The Impact of Peremptory Norms on the Interpretation and Application of United Nations Security Council Resolutions', by Alexander Orakhelashvili, The European Journal of International Law Vol. 16 no.1
1220:
withdrawal "from territories" rather than "from the territories" or "from all territories," as the Arabs and others proposed; the latter two terms were rejected from the final draft of Resolution 242.
5058:
985:... both the British and the Americans pointed out that 242 was a British resolution; therefore, the English language text was authoritative and would prevail in any dispute over interpretation.
1060:'s letter to Netanyahu states: "I would like to reiterate our position that Israel is entitled to secure and defensible borders, which should be directly negotiated and agreed with its neighbors."
4523:
1017:
the Arab states and several other members of the Security Council that the United States envisioned only insubstantial revisions of the 1949 armistice lines. Israel did not protest the approach.
1262:
said that Israel was in clear defiance of resolution 242. He specifically cited the "annexation of East Jerusalem" and "the creeping colonialism on the West Bank and in Gaza and in the Golan."
4663:
3689:
3640:
1498:
4603:
4451:
973:
1804:
1772:
5660:
2279:
617:
So the United States will not support the establishment of an independent Palestinian state in the West Bank and Gaza, and we will not support annexation or permanent control by Israel.
4175:
4111:
4064:
3828:
5596:
865:, however, it is clear from the context in which it was adopted, and from the statements recounted by the delegates, that Resolution 242 contemplates the Palestine Arab refugees only.
4513:
4329:
1894:
Foreign Relations of the U.S., 1964â1968, Volume XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967. Document 440, Letter from President Johnson to President Tito, Washington, September 15, 1967.
1110:, another of the resolution's drafters, argued that Resolution 242 does not dictate the extent of the withdrawal, and added that this matter should be negotiated between the parties:
4812:
4498:
3623:
592:
Furthermore, Secretary Rusk's Telegram dated March 2, 1968, to the U.S. Interests Section of the Spanish Embassy in Cairo summarizing Undersecretary of State for Political Affairs
1080:, chief author of the resolution, takes a subtly different slant. His focus seems to be that the lack of a definite article is intended to deny permanence to the "unsatisfactory"
4792:
4378:
3980:
5163:
1540:
recognized Jarring's appointment and agreed to participate in his shuttle diplomacy, although they differed on key points of interpretation of the resolution. The government of
4745:
4695:
4493:
4096:
4039:
3709:
2002:
The Constitution at the Cross Roads: A Study of the Legal Aspects of the League of Nations, the Permanent Organization of Labor and the Permanent Court of International Justice
389:
1645:
659:
Emphasizing the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by war and the need to work for a just and lasting peace in which every State in the area can live in security.
5345:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4518:
4412:
1780:
1635:
548:
truce, and all of us without any hesitation at all can agree that we seek a settlement within the principles laid down in Article 2 of the Charter. So much for the preamble.
4034:
624:
It is the United States' position that â in return for peace â the withdrawal provision of Resolution 242 applies to all fronts, including the West Bank and Gaza.
5559:
5553:
3412:
2434:
4802:
4483:
4361:
3940:
3886:
3803:
3719:
3704:
4938:
4081:
3798:
3434:
1204:. The Arab position was initially that the resolution called for Israel to withdraw from all the territory it occupied during the Six-Day War prior to peace agreements.
707:
2380:
Resolution 242: A Legal Reappraisal of the Right-Wing Israeli Interpretation of the Withdrawal Phrase With Reference to the Conflict Between Israel and the Palestinians
1284:"disappoints the hopes of the Arab nation and ignores its national aspirations ignores the existence of the Palestinian people and their right of self-determination."
4356:
4136:
3628:
3594:
3515:
5541:
5531:
5513:
5507:
5503:
4912:
4556:
4551:
4407:
3905:
1564:
1313:
842:
requirement for a restoration of Arab territory that we also called for a settlement of the refugee problem." Upon the adoption of Resolution 242, French President
819:
784:
5650:
5390:
5384:
5378:
5365:
5355:
5349:
5339:
5335:
5303:
5130:
5127:
5122:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5069:
4180:
4086:
3577:
3506:
2990:
Foreign Relations of the United States Volume XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, UN Security Council Resolution 242 October 3 â November 22, 1967, Documents
1216:
territories occupied". The French UN delegation insisted on this interpretation at the time, but both English and French are the Secretariat's working languages.
394:
384:
4844:
4608:
4121:
4116:
4091:
3955:
3778:
3729:
3606:
3582:
5619:
4244:
3390:
3385:
3372:
871:, the United States ambassador to the U.N. at the time, wrote on the 20th anniversary that the "language presumably refers both to Arab and Jewish refugees".
4873:
4807:
4351:
3838:
1559:
5286:
5280:
1671:
5611:
5601:
969:
Only English and French were the Security Council's working languages (Arabic, Russian, Spanish and Chinese were official but not the working languages).
5054:
4900:
4834:
4546:
4473:
4456:
3818:
3768:
3694:
3635:
3571:
2528:
The Withdrawal Clause in UN Security Council Resolution 242 of 1967, Its Legislative History and the Attitudes of the United States and Israel since 1967
43:
3406:
4192:
3900:
3679:
3618:
1333:
5606:
5156:
2496:
amphibologie puisqu'il parle de l'évacuation des territoires occupés, ce qui donne une interprétation indiscutable des termes 'occupied territories'.
4906:
4740:
4027:
3965:
3925:
3813:
3477:
2412:
1855:
1120:
947:
905:
423:
5655:
3714:
3567:
3497:
1801:
1348:
480:
over the implementation of 242. After denouncing it in 1967, Syria "conditionally" accepted the resolution in March 1972. Syria formally accepted
1470:
were silent on the matter, but the US and UK did point out that other countries' comments on the meaning of 242 were simply their own views. The
989:
The French representative to the Security Council, in the debate immediately after the vote, asserted (in the official translation from French):
4346:
4269:
4126:
4101:
3546:
3395:
2382:
1630:
1008:
mutually recognized, 'should not reflect the weight of conquest,' and that adjustments in the pre-1967 boundaries should be 'insubstantial.'"
4953:
4856:
4822:
4725:
4705:
4636:
4424:
4395:
4373:
4264:
4197:
3985:
3930:
3313:
3158:
3129:
3036:
2956:
2902:
2850:
2567:
2321:
2201:
2096:
2074:
2013:
1872:
1837:
5045:
4777:
4400:
3756:
3741:
3724:
999:
process of the negotiation and adoption of the text. This would make the text in English, the language of the discussion, take precedence.
5149:
2792:
Foreign relations of the United States, 1964â1968, Volume XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967 Arab-Israeli Dispute, page 996, Document
5173:
4868:
4863:
4287:
4165:
4155:
4017:
3920:
3843:
3783:
2542:
The Clinton Administration and UN Resolution 242, by Donald Neff, Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 23, No. 2 (Winter, 1994), pp. 20â30
2196:
The Oslo Accords: international law and the Israeli-Palestinian peace agreements, By Geoffrey R. Watson, Oxford University Press, 2000,
1640:
5274:
5198:
2135:
1208:
Israel withdrew from the Sinai. Negotiations ended without Egypt ever resuming control of the Gaza Strip, which Egypt held until 1967.
772:
Throughout the 1990s, there were Israeli-Syrian negotiations regarding a normalization of relations and an Israeli withdrawal from the
665:
Srijita Jha and Akshadha Mishra said that "until 1945, annexation by conquest was a valid mode of acquisition of territory." Following
4989:
4234:
4022:
4012:
3684:
3647:
3192:
2109:
1355:
later known as "the Historic Compromise", implying acceptance of a two-state solution and no longer questioning the legitimacy of the
1352:
481:
3439:
2415:, cited in Glenn Perry, Security Council Resolution 242: The Withdrawal Clause, Middle East Journal, 31:4 (1977:Autumn) p.413â433:420
4974:
4658:
4390:
4259:
4170:
3990:
3970:
3910:
3895:
2371:
1201:
994:
the link between this paragraph of his resolution and the principle of inadmissibility of the acquisition of territories by force...
799:
758:
750:
670:
3400:
2927:
2472:
David A. Korn, "The Making of United Nations Security Council Resolution 242" (Institute for the Study of Diplomacy, 1992), p. 12.
4885:
4054:
1266:
1065:
277:
1967:
5521:
4641:
4059:
4044:
3613:
3589:
2946:
631:
Finally, we remain convinced that Jerusalem must remain undivided, but its final status should be decided through negotiations.
585:
would fall into place; the difference between pre-June 5 positions and secure national boundaries was an important difference.
262:
143:
39:
5447:
5441:
5177:
2263:
2167:
2086:
2029:
1619:
1056:
declared: "Israel will never negotiate from, or return to, the lines of partition or to the 1967 borders." Secretary of State
846:
stressed this principle during a press conference on November 27, 1967, and confirmed it in his letter of January 9, 1968, to
762:
714:
of 1932; the 1932 League of Nations resolution on Japanese aggression in China; the Buenos Aires Declaration of 1936; and the
504:
5517:
5319:
4239:
3763:
3699:
3601:
3450:
5369:
5226:
3193:"The Historic Compromise: The Palestinian Declaration of Independence and the Twenty-Year Struggle for a Two-State Solution"
1602:
1586:
738:
500:
2614:
2424:
Perry, Glenn, Security Council Resolution 242: The Withdrawal Clause, Middle East Journal, 31:4 (1977:Autumn) p.413â433:420
2402:
Perry, Glenn, Security Council Resolution 242: The Withdrawal Clause, Middle East Journal, 31:4 (1977:Autumn) p.413â433:431
1477:
The statement by the Brazilian representative perhaps gives a flavour of the complexities at the heart of the discussions:
5690:
4933:
4851:
4772:
4730:
4690:
4618:
4299:
4224:
4209:
3538:
3235:
2343:
694:
3121:
The Global Offensive: The United States, the Palestine Liberation Organization, and the Making of the Post-Cold War Order
4839:
4700:
3470:
2579:
Crisis: the anatomy of two major foreign policy crises, By Henry Kissinger, (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2003), p. 140
1581:
1491:
1431:
957:
2507:
Congressional Research Service, Palestinians and Middle East Peace: Issues for the United States Updated July 17, 2002
5313:
3915:
3734:
2828:
Foreign Relations of the United States, 1964â1968, Volume XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Page 1015, Document
2816:
Foreign relations of the United States, 1964â1968, Volume XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, page 1012, Document
2704:
Foreign Relations of the United States Volume XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, pages 520â523, Document numbers
783:
Judge Higgins of the International Court of Justice explained "from Security Council resolution 242 (1967) through to
5437:
4074:
2804:
Foreign Relations of the United States, 1964â1968, Volume XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Page 998, Document
5525:
5459:
5373:
4710:
4673:
4668:
4254:
4002:
3674:
3562:
1295:
1288:
5204:
3431:
3066:
Muslih, Muhammad (1990). "Towards Coexistence: An Analysis of the Resolutions of the Palestine National Council".
1084:, rather than to allow Israel to retain land taken by force. Border rectification by mutual agreement is allowed:
741:
of 1979. "Land for peace" served as the basis of the EgyptâIsrael Peace Treaty, in which Israel withdrew from the
496:
5425:
5309:
5256:
4443:
4429:
4317:
3960:
3865:
3848:
3519:
1608:
1597:
1592:
1368:
813:
The Security Council subsequently adopted resolution 1515 (2003), which recalled resolution 242 and endorsed the
2744:
Foreign Relations of the United States Volume XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, page 386, Document number
2732:
Foreign Relations of the United States Volume XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, page 726, Document number
2720:
Foreign Relations of the United States Volume XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, page 637, Document number
2482:
1700:
1679:
499:
and formed the basis for later negotiations between the parties. These led to peace treaties between Israel and
5220:
5216:
5038:
4735:
4720:
4305:
1306:
1259:
1246:
1234:
1077:
5262:
5023:
1332:. It also recognized the PLO as the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people, and accorded it
5141:
2756:
Foreign Relations of the United States Volume XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, page 765â766, Document
2163:
See the Judgment in "Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory"
1344:
attempted to address the Palestinian problem but there continued to be no direct Palestinian representation.
833:
constitutes an integral part of the territory occupied in 1967 that will be a part of the Palestinian state.
5487:
4680:
3463:
2589:
2005:
1337:
862:
5469:
5465:
4767:
4229:
3950:
1625:
956:, former Permanent Representative of Israel to the United Nations Office at Geneva and member of the UN's
427:
2780:
Foreign Relations of the United States Volume XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Page 942, Document
2768:
Foreign Relations of the United States Volume XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Page 981, Document
543:
Upon presenting the draft resolution to the Security Council, the U.K. representative Lord Caradon said:
5565:
5238:
4994:
4966:
4958:
4755:
4653:
4366:
3808:
3658:
3529:
3442:
Statements made by the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs Spokesperson (excerpts) (Paris, June 14, 2002)
3420:
682:
3352:
Peretz, Don. "The United States, the Arabs, and Israel: Peace Efforts of Kennedy, Johnson, and Nixon."
1984:"'ACQUISITION OF TERRITORY BY USE OF FORCE UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW, by Srijita Jha and Akshadha Mishra"
3174:
1367:'s later statements in Geneva this was accepted by the United States as a basis for dialogue. For the
5665:
5547:
5453:
4984:
4948:
4943:
4895:
4626:
3875:
1922:
1410:
926:
922:
2995:
2991:
2833:
2829:
2817:
2805:
2793:
2781:
2769:
2757:
2745:
2733:
2721:
2709:
2705:
5325:
5250:
5232:
5210:
5031:
4685:
3501:
2379:
2069:
Territorial acquisition, disputes, and international law, By Surya Prakash Sharma, Springer, 1997,
1554:
1520:
as Special Envoy to negotiate the implementation of the resolution with the parties, the so-called
1081:
415:
5535:
5491:
5359:
4817:
3283:
3083:
2676:
2513:; and Address by President Johnson, September 10, 1968, 59 Department of State Bulletin 348, 1968
2113:
1904:
1341:
1329:
1317:
1299:
1107:
1057:
914:
814:
791:
5008:
2455:
2154:âUN Security Council Resolution 242 â A Case Study in Diplomatic Ambiguityâ, Caradon et al, 1981
492:
are willing to seek agreement with each Arab State on all matters included in that resolution."
2232:
5497:
5402:
5192:
4827:
4782:
4762:
4647:
4417:
4311:
4249:
4049:
3510:
3309:
3301:
3154:
3125:
3102:
3032:
2952:
2898:
2894:
2846:
2563:
2317:
2313:
2197:
2092:
2070:
2056:
2052:
2009:
1942:
1868:
1833:
1513:
1134:
843:
686:
678:
674:
3026:
2869:
The War of Attrition and Cease Fire: The Jarring initiative and the response, 8 February 1971
2551:
See Security Council Resolution 242: An Analysis of its Main Provisions, Prof. Ruth Lapidoth
2088:
The United Nations Security Council and war: the evolution of thought and practice since 1945
1829:
5585:
5408:
4383:
4323:
4293:
3975:
3669:
3275:
3075:
2668:
2649:
In My Way, George Brown Memoirs, by George Brown, St. Martins Press New York, 1971, page 233
2231:
Joint Statement by the Quartet, Office of the Spokesman, Washington, DC, September 24, 2009
2051:
Lynk, S. Michael (2007-07-02). "Conceived in Law: The Legal Foundations of Resolution 242".
1414:
847:
715:
711:
3199:
2215:"IMRA â Monday, July 8, 2002 PA Minister Nabeel Shaath: Right of return and removal of all"
5591:
5244:
4716:
International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World
3746:
3415:
3239:
2386:
2375:
2267:
2183:
2171:
1971:
1808:
1521:
1501:
1356:
1127:
1023:
953:
868:
742:
473:
2693:
Address at the State Department's Foreign Policy Conference for Educators, June 19, 1967
2508:
2368:
1446:
was the only country represented at the Security Council to express a contrary view. The
450:(i) Withdrawal of Israeli armed forces from territories occupied in the recent conflict;
2694:
2037:
1725:
1291:(PNC), a revised National Charter was drawn up by the fourth PNC at Cairo in July 1968.
981:
asserts that this was indeed the position held by the United States and United Kingdom:
3486:
1983:
1569:
1517:
1474:
representative was strongly critical of the text's "vague call on Israel to withdraw".
1451:
1360:
1229:
734:
728:
699:
485:
477:
431:
193:
3052:
2552:
1964:
Human Sciences Research Council of South Africa: "Occupation, Colonialism, Apartheid"
1701:"See "S/PV. 1382 Paragraph 65 for list of drafts. The UK draft was designated S/8247""
1303:
891:
Retrait des forces armées israéliennes des territoires occupés lors du récent conflit.
5634:
4797:
3147:
2887:
1965:
1447:
1364:
1053:
1037:
978:
773:
606:
593:
556:
the territorial inviolability and political independence of every State in the area.
206:
1822:
1305:
On the same day the PNC recommended to the PLO executive committee participation in
5431:
5013:
4890:
4750:
3751:
3337:
3279:
2260:
2164:
2134:
See Jordan and Israel (GOVERNMENT DECISION) HC Deb 27 April 1950 vol 474 cc1137-41
1613:
1487:
1402:
1321:
883:
Withdrawal of Israeli armed forces from territories occupied in the recent conflict
807:
803:
766:
690:
508:
435:
219:
3252:
1200:
Initially, the resolution was accepted by Egypt, Jordan and Israel but not by the
3119:
2091:
by Vaughan Lowe, Adam Roberts, Jennifer Welsh, Oxford University Press US, 2008,
5646:
United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning the ArabâIsraeli conflict
5481:
4979:
3028:
Self-Determination, Statehood, and the Law of Negotiation: The Case of Palestine
2625:
1325:
1045:
946:
ambiguities of one version elucidated by the other". He cites Article 33 of the
918:
666:
578:
568:
commented on the most significant area of disagreement regarding the resolution:
419:
3266:
Rabie, Mohamed (Summer 1992). "The U.S.-PLO Dialogue: The Swedish Connection".
3232:
2511:
2347:
5268:
4880:
3945:
3367:
830:
746:
3242:
Palestine National Council. Algiers, November 15, 1988. Official translation.
2214:
1937:
Conceived in Law: The Legal Foundations of Resolution 242, Prof. Michael Lynk
5396:
1422:
911:
754:
565:
248:
52:
2184:"Security Council minutes 3351st Meeting, Friday, 18 March 1994, S/PV.3351"
1101:
And that this should be mutually done, with mutual territorial concessions?
3306:
Peace Process: American Diplomacy and the Arab-Israeli conflict since 1967
57:
Territories occupied by Israel during the Six-Day War, including the Sinai
4793:
Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Mandela Rules)
3870:
3858:
3104:
The Political Economy of the Middle East, 1973-78: A Compendium of Papers
2332:
Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. XXXVII, No. 1 (Autumn 2007), pp. 49â61
1406:
317:
2590:"President Ford Letter to Israeli Prime Minister Rabin (September 1975)"
5475:
3287:
3087:
2867:
Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs â The State of Israel. (2008).
2680:
1537:
1459:
1394:
537:
469:
369:
304:
2314:
Encyclopedia of the Jewish Diaspora: Origins, Experiences, and Culture
925:
and a visiting fellow at the Scottish Centre for International Law at
17:
3935:
3853:
3823:
3788:
3380:
2615:"Jerusalem International Postal Service â Jerusalem Center For Peace"
1747:
1533:
1525:
1463:
1455:
1443:
1418:
1398:
829:
Resolution 1860 (2009) recalled resolution 242 and stressed that the
529:
521:
495:
Resolution 242 is one of the most widely affirmed resolutions on the
465:
461:
291:
180:
167:
83:
27:
1967 resolution on withdrawal of Israel and recognition of boundaries
3445:
3079:
2672:
2243:
1936:
3833:
3354:
The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
2889:
How Israel was won: a concise history of the ArabâIsraeli conflict
2562:
White House Years, by Henry Kissinger, Little, Brown and Company,
1923:
https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Peace/reaganplan.html
1541:
1529:
1471:
1467:
1381:
1351:
included a PNC call for multilateral negotiations on the basis of
1242:
withdrawal from occupied territories that the Resolution insisted.
533:
525:
457:
343:
330:
4788:
Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice
3455:
3149:
Israel's Secret Wars: A History of Israel's Intelligence Services
2030:"The Avalon Project : United Nations Charter; June 26, 1945"
1933:
For an overview and analysis of the provisions and positions see
1426:
596:âs conversation with Soviet Ambassador Anatoly Dobrynin states:
356:
5145:
5027:
3459:
1287:
Replacing the National Charter of 1964 formulated by the first
854:
crimes against humanity or an exceptionally serious war crime.
5671:
United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Lebanon
1867:
Rusk "As I Saw It", Dean and Richard Rusk, W.W. Norton, 1990,
1254:
that the '67 boundaries must be forever; it would be insanity.
1049:
must be predicated on Israel remaining on the Golan Heights."
685:
and existing political independence" of a state engaging in a
5681:
United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Jordan
5641:
United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Israel
1294:
At the 12th PNC in Cairo on 8 June 1974, the PLO adopted the
5686:
United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Egypt
5676:
United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Syria
3413:
On Multi-Lingual Interpretation -UN Security Council Res 242
3308:. Washington: Brookings Institution. pp. 367â375, 494.
3053:"The Avalon Project : The Palestinian National Charter"
2435:
On Multi-Lingual Interpretation -UN Security Council Res 242
3428:, ed. John Norton Moore (Princeton University Press, 1974).
3381:
Text of UN resolution 242 in English (from the UN archives)
2445:, ed. John Norton Moore (Princeton University Press, 1974).
3391:
UN Security Council discussion and vote surrounding res242
3101:
United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee (1980).
974:
Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America
1828:. New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press. pp.
733:
The resolution also calls for the implementation of the "
3191:
PLO Negotiations Affairs Department (13 November 2008).
605:
In an address delivered on September 1, 1982, President
3175:"1975 Israel-United States Memorandum of Understanding"
2659:
Lord Caradon (1976). "An Interview with Lord Caradon".
3401:
U.N. Resolution 242: Origin, Meaning, and Significance
2280:"Text of de Gaulle's Answer to Letter From Ben-Gurion"
1336:
status in the United Nations. In 1975, as part of the
560:
achieve a peaceful and accepted and final settlement."
32:
United Nations resolution unanimously approved in 1967
933:
Dogs must be kept on the lead near ponds in the park.
577:
A memorandum from the President's Special Assistant,
4746:
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
4696:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
3407:
The Peace Process and the United Nations Resolutions
673:
limited (but did not eliminate) the concept of the
5574:
5417:
5295:
5184:
4926:
4617:
4539:
4442:
4339:
4280:
4217:
4208:
4154:
4001:
3884:
3656:
3555:
3537:
3528:
1820:Hinnebusch, Raymond A.; Drysdale, Alasdair (1991).
1636:
Projects working for peace among Israelis and Arabs
228:
150:
142:
134:
100:
90:
78:
70:
62:
37:
4803:Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
3396:Article on PLO website arguing for full withdrawal
3338:Resolution 242: Response from the affected parties
3146:
2886:
1821:
1316:recognized the right of the Palestinian people to
4939:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights
3107:. U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 542â.
708:First International Conference of American States
5661:1967 United Nations Security Council resolutions
2261:http://www.defensibleborders.org/db_amidrorb.pdf
1298:. Some hardline factions split away to form the
1036:However, speaking to Henry Kissinger, President
908:of the United Nations and in international law.
438:and was one of five drafts under consideration.
4913:World Federation of United Nations Associations
4408:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
1646:International law and the ArabâIsraeli conflict
1565:List of the UN resolutions concerning Palestine
1479:
1436:
1386:
1363:and "Arab territories occupied." Together with
1314:United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3236
1271:
1251:
1239:
1139:
1112:
1092:
1086:
1070:
1029:
991:
983:
962:
931:
889:
655:
611:
598:
545:
3386:UN Security Council discussion prior to res242
3253:"Yasser Arafat, Speech at UN General Assembly"
2873:Israel's Foreign relations: Selected Documents
2521:
2519:
1773:"See Security Council Document S/10070 Para 2"
1376:Statements by Security Council representatives
621:chance for a durable, just and lasting peace.
418:on November 22, 1967, in the aftermath of the
408:United Nations Security Council Resolution 242
5157:
5039:
3471:
3403:National Committee on American Foreign Policy
3006:(MacNeil/Lehrer Report â March 30, 1978)
2863:
2861:
2859:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2142:
753:). Jordan renounced its claims regarding the
8:
4808:Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons
3426:The ArabâIsraeli Conflict, Vol. II: Readings
2443:The ArabâIsraeli Conflict, Vol. II: Readings
1560:List of the UN resolutions concerning Israel
5055:United Nations Security Council resolutions
3451:"The Empirical Case for Defensible Borders"
2391:International and Comparative Law Quarterly
2165:SEPARATE OPINION OF JUDGE HIGGINS (page 79)
1676:Security Council Official Records 22nd Year
1068:, British Foreign Secretary in 1967, said:
942:international waterways of their choosing.
488:(in 1973), which embraced Resolution 242.
5620:IsraeliâLebanese maritime border agreement
5164:
5150:
5142:
5046:
5032:
5024:
4901:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action
4813:UN Advisory Committee of Local Authorities
4214:
3534:
3478:
3464:
3456:
3118:Paul Thomas Chamberlin (18 October 2012).
3025:Robert P. Barnidge Jr. (28 January 2016).
1359:. The PNC called only for withdrawal from
875:French version vs. English version of text
5330:UN Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 242
5304:UN General Assembly (UNGA) Resolution 194
1856:1379th Meeting of the UN Security Council
1576:ArabâIsraeli peace diplomacy and treaties
929:, draws a comparison to phrases such as:
798:The Palestinians were represented by the
4330:Conference on International Organization
3446:"Defensible Borders for a Lasting Peace"
2413:Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties
2244:"Defensible Borders for a Lasting Peace"
1666:
1664:
1662:
1660:
948:Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties
653:The second preambular reference states:
4245:Office international d'hygiĂšne publique
3031:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 72â.
2538:
2536:
2456:"CAMERA: BACKGROUNDER: Camp David 2000"
1921:See the Reagan Plan, September 1, 1982
1824:Syria and the Middle East Peace Process
1656:
1349:Palestinian Declaration of Independence
5612:IsraelâMorocco normalization agreement
5602:BahrainâIsrael normalization agreement
4040:Spokesperson for the Secretary-General
2945:Bailey, Sydney Dawson (January 1985).
1237:, the chief author of the resolution:
34:
4954:UN television film series (1964â1966)
4706:International Narcotics Control Board
4637:Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
4425:Declaration on the Rights of Peasants
4396:Convention on the Rights of the Child
4374:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
1022:territories. U.S. Secretary of State
790:The United States Secretary of State
507:(1994), as well as the 1993 and 1995
7:
5607:IsraelâSudan normalization agreement
5346:IsraelâSyria disengagement agreement
4778:United Nations Postal Administration
4413:Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues
4132:Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
1003:The negotiating and drafting process
4181:Permanent representatives to the UN
4070:Political and Peacebuilding Affairs
3328:"The Meaning of 242," June 10, 1977
3015:The Jerusalem Post, 23 January 1970
2344:"Resolution 242 After Twenty Years"
1641:List of Middle East peace proposals
1265:However, British Foreign Secretary
1103:A. Yes, yes. To the benefit of all.
681:were not required to preserve "the
484:, the cease-fire at the end of the
5597:IsraelâUAE normalization agreement
5488:Beirut Summit and peace initiative
4990:Withdrawal from the United Nations
4176:Security Council Permanent members
2393:, October 2002, vol 51, pp. 858â9.
1353:UN Security Council Resolution 242
1258:During a symposium on the subject
1099:A. Yes, I'm suggesting that... Q.
879:The English version of the clause:
745:(Egypt withdrew its claims to the
482:UN Security Council Resolution 338
430:. The resolution was sponsored by
25:
5651:IsraeliâPalestinian peace process
4975:United Nations in popular culture
4659:Expulsion from the United Nations
4604:General Assembly President (2016)
2110:"Daily News Egypt - Full Article"
1631:IsraeliâPalestinian peace process
1202:Palestine Liberation Organization
837:Settlement of the refugee problem
800:Palestine Liberation Organization
759:Palestine Liberation Organization
751:Palestine Liberation Organization
671:Covenant of the League of Nations
414:) was adopted unanimously by the
5526:Agreement on Movement and Access
5007:
3366:
3145:Ian Black; Benny Morris (1991).
2000:Edward Harriman, Edward (1925).
1858:United Nations, 16 November 1967
1678:. United nations. Archived from
1384:stated to the Security Council:
1052:Furthermore, Secretary of State
785:Security Council Resolution 1515
509:agreements with the Palestinians
362:
349:
336:
323:
310:
297:
284:
270:
255:
241:
212:
199:
186:
173:
160:
51:
5560:IsraeliâPalestinian peace talks
5554:IsraeliâPalestinian peace talks
5522:Israeli disengagement from Gaza
4563:International Court of Justice
4112:Sport for Development and Peace
2483:"S/PV.1382 of 22 November 1967"
1728:. United Nations. June 27, 2012
1726:"United Nations Research Guide"
802:in negotiations leading to the
5199:McMahonâHussein Correspondence
4240:Permanent Court of Arbitration
4235:International Peace Conference
3602:International Court of Justice
3280:10.1525/jps.1992.21.4.00p0140g
2885:Thomas, Bayliss (1999-06-15).
815:Middle East Quartet's Road Map
765:in 1994, that established the
95:Territories occupied by Israel
1:
5287:American trusteeship proposal
4773:Sustainable Development Goals
4300:Declaration by United Nations
4225:International Telegraph Union
3424:, Vol. 6, 1971; reprinted in
2441:, Vol. 6, 1971; reprinted in
1955:supra Orakhelashvili, page 74
1032:role for Jordan in Jerusalem.
695:Charter of the United Nations
4701:International Criminal Court
4137:UN organizations by location
3268:Journal of Palestine Studies
3068:Journal of Palestine Studies
2948:The Making of Resolution 242
2893:. Lexington Books. pp.
2661:Journal of Palestine Studies
2594:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org
2342:Goldberg, Arthur J. (1988).
2316:, Publisher ABC-CLIO, 2008,
2077:, page 147, and footnote 468
1582:Paris Peace Conference, 1919
958:International Law Commission
4835:Security Council veto power
4142:Sexual Violence in Conflict
4065:Economic and Social Affairs
3636:Economic and Social Council
3124:. OUP USA. pp. 238â9.
1802:"Syria's acceptance of 338"
769:as the boundary of Jordan.
710:in 1890; the United States
5707:
5656:ArabâIsraeli peace process
5460:Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum
5448:BeilinâAbu Mazen agreement
5442:IsraelâJordan peace treaty
5374:Palestinian autonomy talks
4886:UN Memorial Cemetery Korea
4711:International Day of Peace
4193:General Assembly Observers
3516:General Assembly President
1620:IsraelâJordan peace treaty
1512:On November 23, 1967, the
1499:U.S. Supreme Court Justice
1372:Resolutions 242 and 338.
1289:Palestine National Council
763:IsraelâJordan peace treaty
726:
677:, that is, members of the
5370:EgyptâIsrael peace treaty
5227:FaisalâWeizmann agreement
5065:
5003:
4430:World Heritage Convention
4318:Dumbarton Oaks Conference
4028:General Assembly Building
3493:
2875:. Volumes 1â2, 1947â1974.
2622:www.defensibleborders.org
2008:Press. pp. 144â145.
1905:"Office of the Historian"
1609:Madrid Conference of 1991
1603:EgyptâIsrael peace treaty
1598:Camp David Accords (1978)
1593:1949 Armistice Agreements
1587:FaisalâWeizmann Agreement
1393:The representatives from
1369:Madrid Conference of 1991
739:EgyptâIsrael peace treaty
478:UN Special representative
378:
50:
5409:IsraelâLebanon agreement
5221:Anglo-French Declaration
5217:Declaration to the Seven
4736:Military Staff Committee
4075:Dag Hammarskjöld Library
3578:Deputy Secretary-General
3507:Deputy Secretary-General
2971:See Orakhelashvili supra
2832:and Page 1026, Document
4907:Woodrow Wilson Memorial
4869:UN International School
4864:UN Federal Credit Union
4845:Security Council reform
4681:Four Nations Initiative
4609:Security Council (2016)
4452:Security Council vetoes
3583:Under-Secretary-General
2932:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
2006:George H. Doran Company
1380:The representative for
422:. It was adopted under
5518:Sharm El Sheikh Summit
5438:GazaâJericho Agreement
5320:Tripartite Declaration
4857:Security Council mural
4823:Millennium Declaration
4768:SDG Publishers Compact
4230:Universal Postal Union
3356:401.1 (1972): 116â125.
3223:Quigley, 2005, p. 212.
1626:Camp David 2000 Summit
1484:
1441:
1391:
1276:
1256:
1244:
1152:
1146:destruction, and war.
1117:
1105:
1091:
1075:
1034:
1019:
996:
987:
967:
935:
900:territoires occupés".
893:
887:is given in French as:
885:
663:
633:
603:
575:
562:
455:
5566:John Kerry Parameters
5239:Churchill White Paper
5205:SykesâPicot Agreement
5178:ArabâIsraeli conflict
4995:Women in peacekeeping
4654:Drug control treaties
3421:The Israel Law Review
2570:(1979), Pages 341â345
2248:defensibleborders.org
1748:"S/RES/242(1967) â E"
1524:. The governments of
1322:national independence
1312:On 22 November 1974,
1014:
923:Trowers & Hamlins
881:
761:, and has signed the
683:territorial integrity
570:
497:ArabâIsraeli conflict
448:
5691:November 1967 events
5548:Annapolis Conference
5542:UNSC Resolution 1701
5532:UNSC Resolution 1850
5514:UNSC Resolution 1583
5508:UNSC Resolution 1566
5504:UNSC Resolution 1559
5454:Wye River Memorandum
5310:Armistice agreements
4949:United Nations Radio
4944:United Nations Medal
4896:University for Peace
4627:Bretton Woods system
4362:governed territories
4107:Developing Countries
4018:Secretariat Building
3887:Specialized agencies
3440:Daily Press Briefing
3233:Political communique
3153:. Grove Weidenfeld.
2116:on February 13, 2010
1411:United Arab Republic
1044:Moreover, President
927:Edinburgh University
906:recognized languages
669:, Article 10 of the
390:Lists of resolutions
138:Unanimously approved
5391:UNSC Resolution 497
5385:UNSC Resolution 478
5379:UNSC Resolution 452
5366:UNSC Resolution 446
5356:UNSC Resolution 425
5350:UNSC Resolution 350
5340:UNSC Resolution 339
5336:UNSC Resolution 338
5326:Khartoum Resolution
5314:Lausanne Conference
5263:MorrisonâGrady Plan
5233:San Remo conference
5211:Balfour Declaration
4721:International Years
4686:Genocide Convention
4122:Outer Space Affairs
4117:Disarmament Affairs
4082:Safety and Security
4023:Conference Building
4003:Secretariat offices
3648:Trusteeship Council
3373:UNSC Resolution 242
1783:on 12 February 2007
1555:Khartoum Resolution
693:, Article 2 of the
564:Secretary of State
416:UN Security Council
5536:Quartet Principles
5470:Clinton Parameters
5360:Camp David Accords
4741:Official languages
4288:London Declaration
4097:Internal Oversight
4087:Palestinian Rights
3659:Funds, programmes,
3302:Quandt, William B.
3238:2001-04-20 at the
2530:, February 4, 1978
2510:; The Rogers Plan
2485:. 25 February 2006
2433:Rosenne, Shabtai.
2411:Article 33 of the
2385:2005-05-24 at the
2374:2006-01-08 at the
2350:on 3 February 2015
2286:. January 10, 1968
2284:The New York Times
2266:2011-07-18 at the
2170:2011-01-12 at the
2040:on April 21, 2016.
1970:2011-07-26 at the
1807:2008-03-06 at the
1342:Camp David Accords
1338:Sinai II agreement
1318:self-determination
1307:the Geneva process
1300:Rejectionist Front
1108:Arthur J. Goldberg
792:Madeleine Albright
118:None voted against
5628:
5627:
5498:Geneva Initiative
5466:Camp David Summit
5426:Madrid Conference
5403:Reagan peace plan
5376:
5281:UN Partition Plan
5275:London Conference
5257:London Conference
5193:Damascus Protocol
5139:
5138:
5021:
5020:
4852:UN Art Collection
4828:Millennium Summit
4783:UN Block By Block
4763:Ralph Bunche Park
4731:UN laissez-passer
4691:UN Global Compact
4648:Delivering as One
4547:Secretary-General
4438:
4437:
4418:Indigenous Caucus
4312:Tehran Conference
4306:Moscow Conference
4281:Preparatory years
4250:League of Nations
4150:
4149:
4050:Palace of Nations
3752:UNEP/GRID-Arendal
3568:Secretary-General
3511:Amina J. Mohammed
3498:Secretary-General
3371:Works related to
3340:www.sixdaywar.org
3315:978-0-520-08390-5
3160:978-0-8021-3286-4
3131:978-0-19-981139-7
3038:978-1-5099-0240-8
2958:978-90-247-3073-5
2951:. Brill Archive.
2904:978-0-7391-0064-6
2851:978-0-520-24631-7
2631:on 13 August 2008
2568:978-0-316-49661-2
2439:Israel Law Review
2322:978-1-85109-873-6
2202:978-0-19-829891-5
2097:978-0-19-953343-5
2075:978-90-411-0362-8
2015:978-1-58477-314-6
1873:978-0-393-02650-4
1839:978-0-87609-105-0
1514:Secretary General
1296:Ten-Point Program
1249:also maintained,
1135:Lyndon B. Johnson
844:Charles de Gaulle
687:war of aggression
679:League of Nations
675:right of conquest
405:
404:
401:
400:
152:Permanent members
82:S/RES/242(1967) (
16:(Redirected from
5698:
5586:Trump peace plan
5578:
5372:
5166:
5159:
5152:
5143:
5048:
5041:
5034:
5025:
5014:World portal
5012:
5011:
4918:Biopiracy treaty
4504:Nagorno-Karabakh
4474:Security Council
4457:General Assembly
4384:Human Rights Day
4324:Yalta Conference
4294:Atlantic Charter
4215:
4171:Founding members
4092:Peace Operations
3976:World Bank Group
3670:Culture of Peace
3661:and other bodies
3614:Security Council
3590:General Assembly
3556:Principal organs
3535:
3502:AntĂłnio Guterres
3480:
3473:
3466:
3457:
3370:
3341:
3335:
3329:
3326:
3320:
3319:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3263:
3257:
3256:
3249:
3243:
3230:
3224:
3221:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3205:on 26 April 2012
3204:
3198:. Archived from
3197:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3152:
3142:
3136:
3135:
3115:
3109:
3108:
3098:
3092:
3091:
3063:
3057:
3056:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3022:
3016:
3013:
3007:
3004:
2998:
2988:
2982:
2978:
2972:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2942:
2936:
2935:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2912:
2911:
2892:
2882:
2876:
2865:
2854:
2842:
2836:
2826:
2820:
2814:
2808:
2802:
2796:
2790:
2784:
2778:
2772:
2766:
2760:
2754:
2748:
2742:
2736:
2730:
2724:
2718:
2712:
2702:
2696:
2691:
2685:
2684:
2667:(3/4): 142â152.
2656:
2650:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2630:
2624:. Archived from
2619:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2586:
2580:
2577:
2571:
2560:
2554:
2549:
2543:
2540:
2531:
2523:
2514:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2492:
2490:
2479:
2473:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2452:
2446:
2431:
2425:
2422:
2416:
2409:
2403:
2400:
2394:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2346:. Archived from
2339:
2333:
2330:
2324:
2311:
2305:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2276:
2270:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2240:
2234:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2211:
2205:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2180:
2174:
2161:
2155:
2152:
2137:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2112:. Archived from
2106:
2100:
2084:
2078:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2036:. Archived from
2026:
2020:
2019:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1980:
1974:
1962:
1956:
1953:
1947:
1931:
1925:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1901:
1895:
1892:
1886:
1882:
1876:
1865:
1859:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1827:
1817:
1811:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1779:. Archived from
1769:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1687:
1672:"S/PV.1382 (OR)"
1668:
1492:Vasily Kuznetsov
1432:Vasili Kuznetsov
1197:Resolution 242.
848:David Ben-Gurion
757:in favor of the
749:in favor of the
716:Atlantic Charter
712:Stimson Doctrine
380:
379:
368:
366:
365:
355:
353:
352:
342:
340:
339:
329:
327:
326:
316:
314:
313:
303:
301:
300:
290:
288:
287:
280:
276:
274:
273:
265:
261:
259:
258:
247:
245:
244:
232:
218:
216:
215:
205:
203:
202:
192:
190:
189:
179:
177:
176:
166:
164:
163:
144:Security Council
126:
119:
112:
71:Meeting no.
66:22 November 1967
55:
40:Security Council
35:
21:
5706:
5705:
5701:
5700:
5699:
5697:
5696:
5695:
5631:
5630:
5629:
5624:
5592:Abraham Accords
5576:
5570:
5413:
5395:1981â1982
5291:
5245:Peel Commission
5180:
5174:peace proposals
5170:
5140:
5135:
5061:
5052:
5022:
5017:
5006:
4999:
4922:
4613:
4535:
4434:
4335:
4276:
4218:Preceding years
4204:
4157:
4146:
4005:and departments
4004:
3997:
3889:
3880:
3663:
3660:
3652:
3551:
3524:
3489:
3484:
3416:Shabtai Rosenne
3363:
3349:
3347:Further reading
3344:
3336:
3332:
3327:
3323:
3316:
3300:
3299:
3295:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3251:
3250:
3246:
3240:Wayback Machine
3231:
3227:
3222:
3218:
3208:
3206:
3202:
3195:
3190:
3189:
3185:
3177:
3173:
3172:
3168:
3161:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3132:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3100:
3099:
3095:
3080:10.2307/2537386
3065:
3064:
3060:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3039:
3024:
3023:
3019:
3014:
3010:
3005:
3001:
2989:
2985:
2979:
2975:
2970:
2966:
2959:
2944:
2943:
2939:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2915:resolution 242.
2909:
2907:
2905:
2884:
2883:
2879:
2866:
2857:
2843:
2839:
2827:
2823:
2815:
2811:
2803:
2799:
2791:
2787:
2779:
2775:
2767:
2763:
2755:
2751:
2743:
2739:
2731:
2727:
2719:
2715:
2703:
2699:
2692:
2688:
2673:10.2307/2536020
2658:
2657:
2653:
2648:
2644:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2617:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2598:
2596:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2578:
2574:
2561:
2557:
2550:
2546:
2541:
2534:
2524:
2517:
2506:
2502:
2488:
2486:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2471:
2467:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2432:
2428:
2423:
2419:
2410:
2406:
2401:
2397:
2387:Wayback Machine
2376:Wayback Machine
2367:
2363:
2353:
2351:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2331:
2327:
2312:
2308:
2303:
2299:
2289:
2287:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2268:Wayback Machine
2259:
2255:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2230:
2226:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2195:
2191:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2172:Wayback Machine
2162:
2158:
2153:
2140:
2133:
2129:
2119:
2117:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2085:
2081:
2068:
2064:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2016:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1986:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1972:Wayback Machine
1963:
1959:
1954:
1950:
1932:
1928:
1920:
1916:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1893:
1889:
1883:
1879:
1866:
1862:
1854:
1850:
1840:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1809:Wayback Machine
1800:
1796:
1786:
1784:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1756:
1754:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1731:
1729:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1709:
1707:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1685:
1683:
1670:
1669:
1658:
1654:
1578:
1551:
1522:Jarring Mission
1510:
1502:Arthur Goldberg
1378:
1357:State of Israel
1281:
1194:
1192:Interpretations
1157:
1128:Joseph J. Sisco
1121:Michael Stewart
1082:pre-1967 border
1024:Henry Kissinger
1005:
954:Shabtai Rosenne
877:
869:Arthur Goldberg
839:
743:Sinai peninsula
731:
725:
651:
646:
517:
374:
363:
361:
350:
348:
337:
335:
324:
322:
311:
309:
298:
296:
285:
283:
271:
269:
268:
256:
254:
253:
242:
240:
234:
230:
224:
213:
211:
200:
198:
187:
185:
174:
172:
161:
159:
153:
130:
124:
117:
110:
103:
58:
42:
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5704:
5702:
5694:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5633:
5632:
5626:
5625:
5623:
5622:
5616:
5615:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5588:
5581:
5579:
5572:
5571:
5569:
5568:
5562:
5556:
5550:
5544:
5538:
5528:
5510:
5500:
5494:
5484:
5478:
5472:
5462:
5456:
5450:
5444:
5434:
5428:
5421:
5419:
5415:
5414:
5412:
5411:
5405:
5399:
5393:
5387:
5381:
5362:
5352:
5342:
5332:
5322:
5316:
5306:
5299:
5297:
5293:
5292:
5290:
5289:
5283:
5277:
5271:
5265:
5259:
5253:
5247:
5241:
5235:
5229:
5223:
5213:
5207:
5201:
5195:
5188:
5186:
5182:
5181:
5172:Diplomacy and
5171:
5169:
5168:
5161:
5154:
5146:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5133:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5066:
5063:
5062:
5053:
5051:
5050:
5043:
5036:
5028:
5019:
5018:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4964:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4930:
4928:
4924:
4923:
4921:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4877:
4876:
4866:
4861:
4860:
4859:
4849:
4848:
4847:
4837:
4832:
4831:
4830:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4759:
4758:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4677:
4676:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4623:
4621:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4600:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4561:
4560:
4559:
4554:
4543:
4541:
4537:
4536:
4534:
4533:
4532:
4531:
4526:
4524:Western Sahara
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4471:
4470:
4469:
4464:
4454:
4448:
4446:
4440:
4439:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4421:
4420:
4415:
4405:
4404:
4403:
4393:
4388:
4387:
4386:
4381:
4371:
4370:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4343:
4341:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4333:
4327:
4321:
4315:
4309:
4303:
4297:
4291:
4284:
4282:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4274:
4273:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4221:
4219:
4212:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4202:
4201:
4200:
4198:European Union
4190:
4189:
4188:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4162:
4160:
4152:
4151:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4078:
4077:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4035:Envoy on Youth
4032:
4031:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4009:
4007:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3994:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3892:
3890:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3862:
3861:
3856:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3760:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3739:
3738:
3737:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3666:
3664:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3650:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3559:
3557:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3543:
3541:
3532:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3520:Dennis Francis
3513:
3504:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3487:United Nations
3485:
3483:
3482:
3475:
3468:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3437:
3429:
3410:
3404:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3377:
3376:
3362:
3361:External links
3359:
3358:
3357:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3330:
3321:
3314:
3293:
3258:
3244:
3225:
3216:
3183:
3166:
3159:
3137:
3130:
3110:
3093:
3058:
3044:
3037:
3017:
3008:
2999:
2983:
2973:
2964:
2957:
2937:
2919:
2903:
2877:
2855:
2837:
2821:
2809:
2797:
2785:
2773:
2761:
2749:
2737:
2725:
2713:
2697:
2686:
2651:
2642:
2606:
2581:
2572:
2555:
2544:
2532:
2515:
2500:
2474:
2465:
2447:
2426:
2417:
2404:
2395:
2361:
2334:
2325:
2306:
2304:supra, page 22
2297:
2271:
2253:
2235:
2224:
2206:
2189:
2175:
2156:
2138:
2127:
2101:
2079:
2062:
2043:
2021:
2014:
1992:
1975:
1957:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1926:
1914:
1896:
1887:
1877:
1860:
1848:
1838:
1812:
1794:
1764:
1739:
1717:
1692:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1606:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1584:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1570:United Nations
1567:
1562:
1557:
1550:
1547:
1518:Gunnar Jarring
1509:
1508:Implementation
1506:
1452:United Kingdom
1377:
1374:
1361:Arab Jerusalem
1280:
1277:
1230:Alexei Kosygin
1193:
1190:
1156:
1153:
1004:
1001:
960:, wrote that:
876:
873:
838:
835:
735:land for peace
729:Land for peace
727:Main article:
724:
723:Land for peace
721:
700:United Nations
650:
647:
645:
642:
516:
513:
486:Yom Kippur War
403:
402:
399:
398:
392:
387:
376:
375:
373:
372:
359:
346:
333:
320:
307:
294:
281:
266:
251:
237:
235:
229:
226:
225:
223:
222:
209:
196:
194:United Kingdom
183:
170:
156:
154:
151:
148:
147:
140:
139:
136:
132:
131:
129:
128:
125:None abstained
121:
114:
106:
104:
102:Voting summary
101:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
80:
76:
75:
72:
68:
67:
64:
60:
59:
56:
48:
47:
31:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5703:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5638:
5636:
5621:
5617:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5594:
5593:
5589:
5587:
5583:
5582:
5580:
5573:
5567:
5563:
5561:
5557:
5555:
5551:
5549:
5545:
5543:
5539:
5537:
5533:
5529:
5527:
5523:
5519:
5515:
5511:
5509:
5505:
5501:
5499:
5495:
5493:
5489:
5485:
5483:
5479:
5477:
5473:
5471:
5467:
5463:
5461:
5457:
5455:
5451:
5449:
5445:
5443:
5439:
5435:
5433:
5429:
5427:
5423:
5422:
5420:
5416:
5410:
5406:
5404:
5400:
5398:
5394:
5392:
5388:
5386:
5382:
5380:
5375:
5371:
5367:
5363:
5361:
5357:
5353:
5351:
5347:
5343:
5341:
5337:
5333:
5331:
5327:
5323:
5321:
5317:
5315:
5311:
5307:
5305:
5301:
5300:
5298:
5294:
5288:
5284:
5282:
5278:
5276:
5273:1946â47
5272:
5270:
5266:
5264:
5260:
5258:
5254:
5252:
5248:
5246:
5242:
5240:
5236:
5234:
5230:
5228:
5224:
5222:
5218:
5214:
5212:
5208:
5206:
5202:
5200:
5196:
5194:
5190:
5189:
5187:
5183:
5179:
5175:
5167:
5162:
5160:
5155:
5153:
5148:
5147:
5144:
5132:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5068:
5067:
5064:
5060:
5056:
5049:
5044:
5042:
5037:
5035:
5030:
5029:
5026:
5016:
5015:
5010:
5002:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4969:
4965:
4963:
4961:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4931:
4929:
4925:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4908:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4875:
4872:
4871:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4858:
4855:
4854:
4853:
4850:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4829:
4826:
4825:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4798:Treaty Series
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4757:
4754:
4753:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4675:
4672:
4671:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4649:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4620:
4616:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4549:
4548:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4538:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4476:
4475:
4472:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4459:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4445:
4441:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4410:
4409:
4406:
4402:
4399:
4398:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4376:
4375:
4372:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4349:
4348:
4345:
4344:
4342:
4338:
4331:
4328:
4325:
4322:
4319:
4316:
4313:
4310:
4307:
4304:
4301:
4298:
4295:
4292:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4279:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4207:
4199:
4196:
4195:
4194:
4191:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4159:
4158:and observers
4153:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4102:Legal Affairs
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4076:
4073:
4072:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4015:
4014:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4006:
4000:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3978:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3883:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3743:
3740:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3655:
3649:
3646:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3637:
3634:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3615:
3612:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3600:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3573:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3554:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3527:
3521:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3492:
3488:
3481:
3476:
3474:
3469:
3467:
3462:
3461:
3458:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3430:
3427:
3423:
3422:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3375:at Wikisource
3374:
3369:
3365:
3364:
3360:
3355:
3351:
3350:
3346:
3339:
3334:
3331:
3325:
3322:
3317:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3297:
3294:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3262:
3259:
3254:
3248:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3234:
3229:
3226:
3220:
3217:
3201:
3194:
3187:
3184:
3176:
3170:
3167:
3162:
3156:
3151:
3150:
3141:
3138:
3133:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3114:
3111:
3106:
3105:
3097:
3094:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3062:
3059:
3054:
3048:
3045:
3040:
3034:
3030:
3029:
3021:
3018:
3012:
3009:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2987:
2984:
2977:
2974:
2968:
2965:
2960:
2954:
2950:
2949:
2941:
2938:
2933:
2929:
2923:
2920:
2916:
2906:
2900:
2896:
2891:
2890:
2881:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2831:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2707:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2690:
2687:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2655:
2652:
2646:
2643:
2627:
2623:
2616:
2610:
2607:
2595:
2591:
2585:
2582:
2576:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2548:
2545:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2522:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2509:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2484:
2478:
2475:
2469:
2466:
2461:
2457:
2451:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2430:
2427:
2421:
2418:
2414:
2408:
2405:
2399:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2370:
2365:
2362:
2349:
2345:
2338:
2335:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2310:
2307:
2301:
2298:
2285:
2281:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2265:
2262:
2257:
2254:
2249:
2245:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2228:
2225:
2220:
2216:
2210:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2193:
2190:
2185:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2169:
2166:
2160:
2157:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2136:
2131:
2128:
2115:
2111:
2105:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2066:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2047:
2044:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2017:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1996:
1993:
1985:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1969:
1966:
1961:
1958:
1952:
1949:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1918:
1915:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1897:
1891:
1888:
1881:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1835:
1831:
1826:
1825:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1806:
1803:
1798:
1795:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1768:
1765:
1753:
1749:
1743:
1740:
1727:
1721:
1718:
1706:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1682:on 2017-10-12
1681:
1677:
1673:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1489:
1486:However, the
1483:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1448:United States
1445:
1440:
1435:
1433:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1390:
1385:
1383:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1365:Yasser Arafat
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1290:
1285:
1278:
1275:
1270:
1268:
1263:
1261:
1255:
1250:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1236:
1231:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1215:
1209:
1205:
1203:
1198:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1155:U.S. position
1154:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1136:
1131:
1129:
1124:
1122:
1116:
1111:
1109:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1090:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1067:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1054:George Shultz
1050:
1047:
1042:
1039:
1038:Richard Nixon
1033:
1028:
1025:
1018:
1013:
1009:
1002:
1000:
995:
990:
986:
982:
980:
979:David A. Korn
975:
970:
966:
961:
959:
955:
951:
949:
943:
941:
934:
930:
928:
924:
920:
916:
913:
909:
907:
901:
899:
892:
888:
884:
880:
874:
872:
870:
866:
864:
861:According to
859:
855:
851:
849:
845:
836:
834:
832:
827:
823:
821:
816:
811:
809:
805:
801:
796:
793:
788:
786:
781:
777:
775:
774:Golan Heights
770:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
730:
722:
720:
717:
713:
709:
703:
701:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
662:
660:
654:
648:
643:
641:
637:
632:
629:
625:
622:
618:
615:
610:
608:
607:Ronald Reagan
602:
597:
595:
594:Eugene Rostow
590:
586:
582:
580:
574:
569:
567:
561:
557:
553:
549:
544:
541:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
514:
512:
510:
506:
502:
498:
493:
489:
487:
483:
479:
475:
474:consultations
472:entered into
471:
467:
463:
459:
454:
451:
447:
443:
439:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
397: →
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:←
382:
381:
377:
371:
360:
358:
347:
345:
334:
332:
321:
319:
308:
306:
295:
293:
282:
279:
267:
264:
252:
250:
239:
238:
236:
231:Non-permanent
227:
221:
210:
208:
207:United States
197:
195:
184:
182:
171:
169:
158:
157:
155:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
127:
122:
120:
115:
113:
108:
107:
105:
99:
96:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
54:
49:
45:
41:
36:
30:
19:
5534: /
5524: /
5520: /
5516: /
5506: /
5490: /
5468: /
5440: /
5432:Oslo Accords
5377: /
5368: /
5358: /
5348: /
5338: /
5329:
5328: /
5312: /
5219: /
5117:
5005:
4967:
4959:
4905:
4751:Peacekeeping
4726:Interpreters
4646:
4347:Peacekeeping
4265:organization
4166:Full members
4127:Partnerships
4013:Headquarters
3735:peacekeeping
3425:
3419:
3353:
3333:
3324:
3305:
3296:
3274:(4): 54â66.
3271:
3267:
3261:
3247:
3228:
3219:
3207:. Retrieved
3200:the original
3186:
3169:
3148:
3140:
3120:
3113:
3103:
3096:
3071:
3067:
3061:
3047:
3027:
3020:
3011:
3002:
2986:
2976:
2967:
2947:
2940:
2931:
2922:
2914:
2908:. Retrieved
2888:
2880:
2872:
2840:
2824:
2812:
2800:
2788:
2776:
2764:
2752:
2740:
2728:
2716:
2700:
2689:
2664:
2660:
2654:
2645:
2633:. Retrieved
2626:the original
2621:
2609:
2597:. Retrieved
2593:
2584:
2575:
2558:
2547:
2527:
2503:
2494:
2487:. Retrieved
2477:
2468:
2459:
2450:
2442:
2438:
2429:
2420:
2407:
2398:
2390:
2364:
2352:. Retrieved
2348:the original
2337:
2328:
2309:
2300:
2288:. Retrieved
2283:
2274:
2256:
2247:
2238:
2227:
2218:
2209:
2192:
2178:
2159:
2130:
2120:December 26,
2118:. Retrieved
2114:the original
2104:
2087:
2082:
2065:
2046:
2038:the original
2033:
2024:
2001:
1995:
1978:
1960:
1951:
1929:
1917:
1908:
1899:
1890:
1880:
1863:
1851:
1843:
1823:
1815:
1797:
1785:. Retrieved
1781:the original
1776:
1767:
1755:. Retrieved
1751:
1742:
1730:. Retrieved
1720:
1708:. Retrieved
1704:
1695:
1684:. Retrieved
1680:the original
1675:
1614:Oslo Accords
1511:
1497:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1442:
1437:
1403:Soviet Union
1392:
1387:
1379:
1346:
1311:
1293:
1286:
1282:
1272:
1267:George Brown
1264:
1260:Lord Caradon
1257:
1252:
1247:Lord Caradon
1245:
1240:
1235:Lord Caradon
1226:
1222:
1218:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1199:
1195:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1132:
1125:
1118:
1113:
1106:
1100:
1095:
1093:
1087:
1078:Lord Caradon
1076:
1071:
1066:George Brown
1062:
1051:
1043:
1035:
1030:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1006:
997:
992:
988:
984:
971:
968:
963:
952:
944:
939:
936:
932:
910:
902:
897:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
867:
863:John Quigley
860:
856:
852:
840:
828:
824:
812:
808:Nabil Shaath
804:Oslo Accords
797:
789:
782:
778:
771:
767:Jordan River
732:
704:
691:World War II
664:
658:
656:
652:
638:
634:
630:
626:
623:
619:
616:
612:
604:
599:
591:
587:
583:
576:
571:
563:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
518:
494:
490:
456:
452:
449:
444:
440:
436:Lord Caradon
411:
407:
406:
220:Soviet Union
123:
116:
111:15 voted for
109:
94:
29:
5666:Six-Day War
5482:Taba Summit
5251:White Paper
5057:adopted in
4980:UNICEF club
4674:Honour Flag
4509:North Korea
4444:Resolutions
4391:Enlargement
3563:Secretariat
3432:Peace Plans
3074:(4): 3â29.
2369:John McHugo
2219:imra.org.il
1844:0876091052.
1326:sovereignty
1058:Christopher
1046:Gerald Ford
915:John McHugo
667:World War I
579:Walt Rostow
503:(1979) and
434:ambassador
420:Six-Day War
146:composition
5635:Categories
5618:2022
5590:2020
5584:2019
5564:2016
5558:2013
5552:2010
5546:2007
5540:2006
5530:2006
5512:2005
5502:2004
5496:2003
5486:2002
5480:2001
5474:2000
5464:2000
5458:1999
5452:1998
5446:1995
5436:1994
5430:1993
5424:1991
5407:1983
5401:1982
5389:1981
5383:1980
5364:1979
5354:1978
5344:1974
5334:1973
5324:1967
5318:1950
5308:1949
5302:1948
5285:1948
5279:1947
5269:Bevin Plan
5267:1947
5261:1946
5255:1939
5249:1939
5243:1937
5237:1922
5231:1920
5225:1919
5215:1918
5209:1917
5203:1916
5197:1915
5191:1914
5185:Background
4968:Ex Tempore
4960:UN Special
4881:UN Mandate
4340:Activities
3946:UN Tourism
3769:UN-HABITAT
3747:OzonAction
3572:selections
3209:6 February
2910:2009-10-03
2853:, page 443
2460:camera.org
1875:, page 389
1752:undocs.org
1686:2016-12-27
1652:References
1516:appointed
1389:June 1967.
1133:President
1097:territory?
1012:concluded:
831:Gaza Strip
747:Gaza Strip
428:UN Charter
424:Chapter VI
44:Resolution
5418:1991â2016
5397:Fahd Plan
5296:1948â1983
4840:UN reform
4642:Criticism
4540:Elections
4514:Palestine
4401:committee
3809:UN-Oceans
3757:UNEP-WCMC
3641:President
3629:President
3619:Elections
3595:President
3530:UN System
2204:, page 33
1909:state.gov
1490:delegate
1423:Argentina
1413:(Egypt),
1347:The 1988
1330:Palestine
1184:months."
912:Solicitor
755:West Bank
689:. Since
566:Dean Rusk
476:with the
412:S/RES/242
249:Argentina
5492:Road map
4985:Model UN
4970:magazine
4962:magazine
4891:UN Sacco
4379:drafting
4357:timeline
4352:missions
4255:archives
3871:UN Women
3859:UNU-CRIS
3710:UNCITRAL
3547:Preamble
3409:Hadassah
3304:(1993).
3236:Archived
2928:"Jordan"
2635:22 March
2599:22 March
2489:22 March
2383:Archived
2372:Archived
2354:21 April
2264:Archived
2168:Archived
2099:, p. 308
2034:yale.edu
1968:Archived
1805:Archived
1787:22 March
1732:June 27,
1710:22 March
1549:See also
1434:stated:
1415:Ethiopia
1407:Bulgaria
1334:observer
649:Preamble
318:Ethiopia
278:Bulgaria
84:Document
5577:present
5476:Isratin
5176:in the
4934:Outline
4619:Related
4499:Lebanon
4270:members
4260:charter
4210:History
4156:Members
4055:Nairobi
3690:MINURSO
3624:Members
3607:Statute
3539:Charter
3288:2537663
3088:2537386
2981:880â881
2681:2536020
2290:May 26,
2057:1411698
1832:, 108.
1757:2 March
1538:Lebanon
1460:Denmark
1395:Nigeria
1279:The PLO
919:partner
644:Content
538:Lebanon
515:Context
470:Lebanon
432:British
426:of the
370:Nigeria
305:Denmark
233:members
91:Subject
4818:UN Day
4756:Canada
4632:CCISUA
4494:Israel
4479:Cyprus
4332:(1945)
4326:(1945)
4320:(1944)
4314:(1943)
4308:(1943)
4302:(1942)
4296:(1941)
4290:(1941)
4060:Vienna
4045:Geneva
3936:UNESCO
3854:UNU-OP
3829:UNRISD
3824:UNOSAT
3804:UNITAR
3799:UNIDIR
3794:UNICRI
3789:UNICEF
3705:UNCTAD
3695:UNAIDS
3312:
3286:
3157:
3128:
3086:
3035:
2955:
2901:
2849:
2679:
2566:
2320:
2200:
2095:
2073:
2055:
2012:
1871:
1836:
1777:un.org
1705:un.org
1622:(1994)
1616:(1993)
1605:(1979)
1589:(1919)
1534:Jordan
1526:Israel
1488:Soviet
1472:Syrian
1456:Canada
1444:Israel
1419:Jordan
1399:France
1269:said:
609:said:
530:Jordan
522:Israel
505:Jordan
466:Israel
462:Jordan
367:
354:
341:
328:
315:
302:
292:Canada
289:
275:
263:Brazil
260:
246:
217:
204:
191:
181:France
178:
165:
135:Result
18:UN 242
5575:2019â
4927:Other
4874:Hanoi
4664:FICSA
4529:Yemen
4519:Syria
4367:UNPOL
3941:UNIDO
3844:UNSSC
3839:UNSDG
3834:UNRWA
3819:UNOPS
3814:UNODC
3784:UNHRC
3779:UNHCR
3774:OHCHR
3764:UNFPA
3730:UNDPO
3720:UNDGC
3715:UNCDF
3435:BICOM
3284:JSTOR
3203:(PDF)
3196:(PDF)
3178:(PDF)
3084:JSTOR
2871:. In
2677:JSTOR
2629:(PDF)
2618:(PDF)
1987:(PDF)
1885:1967.
1542:Syria
1530:Egypt
1468:Japan
1464:China
1382:India
534:Syria
526:Egypt
501:Egypt
458:Egypt
344:Japan
331:India
168:China
74:1,382
5059:1967
4669:Flag
4597:2011
4592:2014
4587:2017
4582:2020
4577:2021
4572:2022
4567:2023
4557:2016
4552:2021
4489:Iraq
4484:Iran
4467:67th
4462:66th
4186:list
3981:IBRD
3966:WIPO
3956:WFEO
3906:IFAD
3901:ICAO
3742:UNEP
3725:UNDP
3700:SCSL
3685:IAEA
3680:IPCC
3310:ISBN
3211:2010
3155:ISBN
3126:ISBN
3033:ISBN
2994:and
2953:ISBN
2899:ISBN
2847:ISBN
2708:and
2637:2018
2601:2018
2564:ISBN
2491:2018
2356:2017
2318:ISBN
2292:2010
2198:ISBN
2122:2009
2093:ISBN
2071:ISBN
2053:SSRN
2010:ISBN
1869:ISBN
1834:ISBN
1789:2018
1759:2017
1734:2012
1712:2018
1536:and
1466:and
1427:Mali
1425:and
1324:and
1126:Mr.
1119:Mr.
972:The
940:some
917:, a
820:1397
536:and
524:and
468:and
357:Mali
79:Code
63:Date
5128:244
5123:243
5118:242
5113:241
5108:240
5103:239
5098:238
5093:237
5088:236
5083:235
5078:234
5073:233
3991:IFC
3986:IDA
3971:WMO
3961:WHO
3951:UPU
3931:ITU
3926:IOM
3921:IMO
3916:IMF
3911:ILO
3896:FAO
3876:WFP
3866:UNV
3849:UNU
3675:ITC
3276:doi
3076:doi
2996:540
2992:521
2895:191
2834:521
2830:515
2818:513
2806:506
2794:505
2782:487
2770:501
2758:411
2746:227
2734:420
2722:354
2710:309
2706:308
2669:doi
1830:105
1328:in
1214:the
1094:Q.
921:at
702:."
395:243
385:241
46:242
38:UN
5637::
3518::
3509::
3500::
3418:,
3282:.
3272:21
3270:.
3082:.
3072:19
3070:.
2930:.
2913:.
2897:.
2858:^
2675:.
2663:.
2620:.
2592:.
2535:^
2518:^
2493:.
2458:.
2437:,
2389:,
2378:,
2282:.
2246:.
2217:.
2141:^
2032:.
2004:.
1907:.
1842:.
1775:.
1750:.
1703:.
1674:.
1659:^
1532:,
1528:,
1462:,
1458:,
1454:,
1450:,
1421:,
1417:,
1409:,
1405:,
1401:,
1397:,
1320:,
1137::
898:de
532:,
528:,
511:.
464:,
460:,
5165:e
5158:t
5151:v
5131:â
5070:â
5047:e
5040:t
5033:v
3574:)
3570:(
3479:e
3472:t
3465:v
3318:.
3290:.
3278::
3255:.
3213:.
3180:.
3163:.
3134:.
3090:.
3078::
3055:.
3041:.
2961:.
2934:.
2683:.
2671::
2665:5
2639:.
2603:.
2462:.
2358:.
2294:.
2250:.
2221:.
2186:.
2124:.
2059:.
2018:.
1989:.
1939:;
1911:.
1791:.
1761:.
1736:.
1714:.
1689:.
1302:.
1212:"
661:"
657:"
410:(
86:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.