782:
1945:
46:
1910:
1524:
31:
1446:
865:
Since the initial landings on
Guadalcanal on 7 August 1942, the campaign had been fought tooth and nail. Fierce land and sea battles had characterized the fighting since the early going. By this juncture, American aviation operations on Henderson Field had been so endangered by shellings, bad
718:
Up her sides clambered carriermen and destroyermen alike, while she maneuvered near the carrier's canting stern to take on board members of the salvage party who had chosen to abandon the carrier from there. She then proceeded to secure alongside the wounded flattop in the exact spot where
1069:. Towing barges and firing target bursts for destroyers during gunnery practice off Guadalcanal, the tug continued her operations as before, between that island and Espiritu Santo and Nouméa. It was dull and monotonous duty but necessary and vital, nonetheless.
1077:, in the hope of compensating for the loss of Guadalcanal, by destroying the American advance base there and thus slowing or stopping the Allied advance. The new Japanese thrust began on 7 April when large formations of Japanese planes swept down from
974:
survivors, succeeded in intercepting the derelict tug and the men gratefully scrambled aboard. The barges and the tug were later found intact by a PBY naval scout plane which rescued six of the
Meredith's crew. When a salvage party boarded
951:
then stood off to torpedo the tug at 1215 so that she would not fall into enemy hands intact. Suddenly, a whirlwind of destruction swept down from the sky and descended upon the destroyer. Like hawks, 38 planes from the
Japanese carrier
371:. Soon after reaching Hawaiian waters, she commenced operations out of Pearl Harbor, towing target rafts, conducting minesweeping exercises, and performing towing service to some of the outlying islands of the Hawaiian group, including
433:
to get underway. Her 3-inch guns expended some 22 rounds, and the men at her number 2 mount rejoiced when one of their shells exploded directly in the path of a
Japanese bomber, causing the Japanese plane to crash in a ball of fire.
773:. Reaching Hawaiian waters on 17 June, she entered the navy yard at Pearl Harbor for emergency repairs which lasted from 18 to 30 June. Following this, she remained at the Pearl Harbor yard for a complete overhaul and drydocking.
1072:
In April 1943, as
American forces advanced on the "island-hopping", "leap-frogging" campaigns against the Japanese in the South Pacific, Japanese Admiral Yamamoto initiated operation "I." Yamamoto aimed this stroke at
418:. Shortly before 0800 that morning, Japanese aircraft roared overhead. The marauders swept over the Fleet's base and devastated not only Pearl Harbor, but outlying Army and Navy installations all over the island of
727:
rolled heavily, her heavy steel hide pounding the lighter former minecraft's hull with a vengeance as the ships touched time and time again during the rescue operations. This mission completed, battered
669:, hampered by a small rudder and inadequate engines for such a large tow, found herself confronted with the Herculean task of keeping the big carrier pointed into the wind and on course. The next day,
1014:
62. She conducted resupply operations to
Guadalcanal, towing barges loaded with precious gasoline and bombs and carrying out local escort for other, larger ships, engaged in the same vital duties.
979:
on 21 October, the ship was dead in the water with no lights, no steam, and no power. After abortive attempts to light fires under the boilers, using wood, the tug had to be taken under tow by
2071:
572:
hove to in Midway harbor on 3 June, amidst preparations there for defense of the island. Soon after the two
American ships arrived, they received orders to proceed to a point 30 miles off
429:
nevertheless speedily entered the fight. While her gunners topside fought their mounts coolly and efficiently, the "black gang" below decks assembled the ship's engines and fired up the
2086:
939:
Cautiously proceeding, the pair beat off a two-plane
Japanese attack before they received word that Japanese surface ships were in the area. Only then did they reverse course. At noon,
558:
and her charge crept toward Midway at nine knots, two battle fleets steamed toward each other on a collision course. The
American and Japanese Navies were squaring off for the decisive
1386:
had arrived at the Arques
Shipyard in Sausalito to be painted in preparation for impending service as Panamanian-flagged lumber boat carrying hardwoods between Long Beach and Panama.
2076:
2030:
2081:
1423:
1299:. For the remainder of the war, she operated between the Philippine Islands and New Guinea, as American forces continued to sweep northward towards the Japanese home islands.
1501:
273:
continued in active service with the Fleet. From 1920 to 1932, she served off the U.S. East Coast engaged in towing targets; transporting men, mail, and materiel; repairing
1350:
got underway on 4 January 1946 and proceeded via Pearl Harbor to the west coast. She arrived at San Francisco, California, on 5 February and reported to the Commandant,
1212:
followed the Fleet as it inched closer to Japan. In the rearward island areas, she continued her duties as a harbor tug and local escort vessel. On 15 May 1944,
506:
to conduct magnetic, acoustic, and mechanical minesweeping operations; and to patrol harbors with her echo-ranging and listening gear. From 23 to 24 April,
157:
Two Babcock & Wilcox header boilers, one 1,400shp Chester Shipbuilding 200psi saturated steam vertical triple expansion reciprocating engine, one shaft.
1456:
288:, where they were sunk by aircraft in attempts to prove that capital ships were vulnerable to attack from the air. Between December 1930 and March 1931,
471:. The minesweeper carried ammunition to replenish "Big E's" depleted magazines and prepare that ship for future forays against the Japanese empire.
2061:
1948:
1494:
1362:
As newer and more powerful fleet tugs supplanted the old converted minesweepers, the need for the old vessels decreased. Thus, on 18 April 1946,
1235:
took part in these operations from 30 July to 2 August, engaged in the vital support activities necessary to support the successful landings.
601:
2051:
2056:
336:, on 6 March. Attached to the Pacific Fleet's Train, the minesweeper continued her Fleet support duties and ranged the Pacific from the
1487:
605:
246:
819:
924:, each pulling a barge carrying barrels of gasoline and quarter-ton bombs. Setting out from Espiritu Santo, the highly volatile
707:
all went off at once, causing tremendous shock waves which convulsed swimmers in the water and violently wrenched the old tug.
593:
1944:
597:
781:
859:
796:
conducted post-repair trials before turning in all her mine gear on 25 August. Two days later, she got underway to escort
1074:
1124:. Three Japanese dive bombers swooped down out of the sun and severely damaged the destroyer with their lethal loads.
1461:
746:
was entering the shipping channel at Midway harbor on 8 June, and she ran aground on a coral head, carrying away her
1510:
364:
209:
1783:
1328:
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to assist the salvage parties on the larger ship working to correct her trim and to repair her battle damage.
659:
and her unwieldy charge then labored painfully ahead, at a speed of under 3 knots, with a protective brood of
1291:
operations in April and May 1945. Returning to Morotai, she engaged in towing operations again, this time to
1148:
campaign got underway and American forces advanced further up the chain of islands in the southwest Pacific,
2000:
1921:
1152:
continued her operations out of Tulagi, Espiritu Santo, or Nouméa. In the pre-dawn darkness of 13 July, the
1113:
1058:
699:, mortally hit, broke in two and sank alongside the towering carrier, which also took two torpedoes. As the
1797:
1713:
515:
441:
231:
1475:
NavSource Online: Mine Warfare Vessel Photo Archive - Vireo (Minesweeper No. 52 / AM-52) - AT / AT(O)-144
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five days later, on 20 September 1942, she commenced harbor operations under the control of Commander,
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in Australian waters before heading back to the combat area, arriving at Espiritu Santo on 9 January.
750:
and flooding her sound room. Repeated attempts to free herself only resulted in another grounding, so
189:
1678:
1366:
was decommissioned, declared surplus to Navy needs, and made available for disposal. Struck from the
1161:
1156:
was fought between Japanese and American surface forces, the latter augmented by New Zealand cruiser
766:
670:
403:
321:
831:
523:
2066:
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1867:
1853:
1846:
1839:
1811:
1790:
1769:
1748:
1727:
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for disposal on 4 February 1947; but no records of her subsequent fate have survived. However, the
1375:
1351:
1228:
1153:
1101:
798:
609:
109:
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underwent upkeep at Pearl Harbor between 10 and 13 February 1942. Following local operations near
269:
In the following years, while some of her sisterships were decommissioned and laid up in reserve,
1978:
1971:
1931:
1915:
1860:
1825:
1762:
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1734:
1671:
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1629:
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1529:
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877:-towing operation was mounted in mid-October to ease the critical fuel situation on Guadalcanal.
873:
at an alarming rate, that commodity ranked high on the list of priority supplies. Accordingly, a
810:
on 11 September, the tug refueled, provisioned, and carried out minor repairs before heading for
411:
313:
479:
After conducting minesweeping operations in the Pearl Harbor channel and other Hawaiian waters,
234:; launched on 26 May 1919; sponsored by Mrs. E. S. Robert; and commissioned on 16 October 1919.
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which heavily damaged the carrier, stopping her dead in the water, and forcing a severe list.
355:
and a tense Far Eastern situation, the focus of American Fleet operations shifted westward to
254:
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waters. She arrived back in Norfolk on 28 April and was reclassified AM-52 on 17 July 1920.
643:
stopped settling, Buckmaster concluded that the ship could possibly be saved. Accordingly,
1964:
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617:
581:
376:
352:
329:
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in tow. The tug arrived on the scene by 1135 on 5 June and closed and maneuvered to pass
635:
Lest the ship capsize before the crew could be removed, Capt. Elliott Buckmaster ordered
1552:
1288:
843:
440:
and some of her sister sweepers at Pearl Harbor received orders to assist the stricken
372:
285:
2045:
1452:
1244:
960:
and deluged her with bombs, torpedoes, and bullets, sinking her in about 15 minutes.
811:
704:
554:
was reclassified as an ocean-going tug and redesignated AT-144 on 1 June 1942. While
547:
1636:
1402:
1398:
1284:
1066:
855:
847:
394:
lay in a nest of her sisterships at the coal docks at Pearl Harbor, which included
368:
325:
761:, following another brush with a coral head which irreparably damaged the rudder,
1474:
846:
on 8 October, she awaited further orders, spending four days at this port in the
1954:
1535:
1248:
1145:
980:
881:
851:
449:
297:
215:
30:
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depth charges had severely jostled the tug's rudder. As a result, it jammed as
732:
stood away from the sinking carrier, which sank shortly after dawn on the 7th.
1895:
1622:
1615:
1224:
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539:
337:
1479:
1832:
1657:
1367:
1296:
1034:
712:
700:
293:
206:
20:
1006:
With a new crew—the majority of her old complement lost in the ordeal with
866:
weather, and inadequate supplies, that the American situation was extreme.
1049:
Operating out of the New Hebrides in early January, she assisted cruisers
592:
Air action the following day, 4 June 1942, was intense. Japanese carriers
316:
and duty with the Train, Base Force. Departing Norfolk on 2 January 1932,
1699:
1343:
1292:
1280:
1255:
from the Japanese. On 18 October 1944, American troops stormed ashore on
1018:
870:
608:
were all crippled and sunk by American planes. However, American carrier
487:
and Pearl Harbor, she made brief runs to Johnston Island and the port of
484:
281:
257:, on 8 January 1920 to join the Fleet for its annual winter maneuvers in
494:
In April and May 1942, after another brief stretch around Pearl Harbor,
1264:
1197:
1026:
967:
953:
692:
430:
219:
1319:, she departed Philippine waters on 20 December 1945, in company with
1308:
1259:, keeping General Mac Arthur's promise to return to Philippine soil.
1196:
to haven at government wharf, Tulagi, where temporary repairs to the
1086:
1078:
925:
815:
356:
341:
834:
and painting the ship green in preparation for her next assignment.
1033:
on 9 December, she spent the remainder of the year there, enjoying
711:
freed herself from the carrier by cutting the towing cable with an
1316:
1312:
1307:
On 20 December 1945, after immediate postwar towing operations at
1263:
operated in support of these landings into December. She departed
1256:
874:
780:
747:
277:
and beacons; and operating with the Atlantic and Scouting Fleets.
1271:. From there, she proceeded to Leyte, engaged in towing duties.
1268:
854:
area on 12 October, to take part in resupply operations for the
807:
803:
488:
419:
274:
258:
1483:
1136:
under tow, but the destroyer sank three miles short of Tulagi.
526:, near Hilo, and found one body before she abandoned the task.
498:
conducted local patrols out of Hilo, sometimes in company with
1216:
was reclassified as an ocean-going tug, old, and redesignated
1029:, she departed Nouméa and proceeded to Australia. Arriving at
738:
troubles, however, had only begun. Underwater explosions from
522:, conducted a search for survivors of a downed Army plane off
757:
After arriving at Midway Island at the end of a towline from
576:, where they were to await further orders. Underway by 1910,
292:
served as plane guard for aircraft engaged in supporting the
222:. The bulk of her combat career was served in this capacity.
715:
torch and then doubled back to commence rescue operations.
1192:
set out to assist in getting the cripples home and towed
928:
was spotted by Japanese aircraft on 15 October. All but
822:(AmphibForSoPac). In accordance with verbal orders from
390:
before heading westward once again. On 7 December 1941,
1065:
as they underwent repairs following damage received at
1010:—she continued to operate in the Guadalcanal area with
1295:
on the island of Leyte, departing there on 25 May for
448:, sinking into the oil-stained ooze at berth F-3, off
1223:
In late July, American forces struck in northwestern
765:
soon got underway for Pearl Harbor, this time behind
584:
soon arrived at their assigned stations and lay to.
1942:
1906:
1520:
616:became the unfortunate victim of Japanese dive and
2072:World War II auxiliary ships of the United States
970:, untouched. One life raft, crammed with some of
966:and the two gasoline barges, however, drifted to
1247:, the old tug moved northward with the invasion
1100:was engaged in taking soundings; also near were
1003:arrived safely at Espiritu Santo on 23 October.
880:The force to carry out this operation comprised
2087:Ships present during the attack on Pearl Harbor
425:In upkeep status, with her engines dismantled,
2031:List of minesweepers of the United States Navy
455:While engaged in salvage operations alongside
280:In July 1921, she towed several former German
2077:World War I minesweepers of the United States
1495:
792:Having concluded the refitting by 19 August,
230:She was laid down on 20 November 1918 by the
8:
2082:Lapwing-class minesweepers converted to tugs
1208:For the remainder of 1943 and on into 1944,
218:, No. 52, reclassified on 1 June 1942 as a
1457:Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships
1502:
1488:
1480:
1096:, engaged in her usual harbor activities.
777:Converted into a tow ship and sent to Fiji
806:, towing two barges. Upon her arrival at
788:(AT-144) at Pearl Harbor, 20 August 1942.
1451:This article incorporates text from the
19:For other ships with the same name, see
1949:United States Coast and Geodetic Survey
1414:
1382:on February 13, 1947 reported that the
655:a towline, accomplishing this by 1308.
386:underwent a navy yard overhaul at the
351:With the emergence of an intransigent
25:
534:On 28 May 1942, under secret orders,
312:received orders assigning her to the
133:187 ft 10 in (57.25 m)
42:
16:Minesweeper of the United States Navy
7:
382:From 5 September to 7 October 1941,
814:on 15 September. After arriving at
463:also served briefly as a tender to
141:35 ft 5 in (10.80 m)
1239:Supporting the Philippine invasion
1112:. Shortly before the attack came,
943:ordered old, slow, and vulnerable
149:8 ft 10 in (2.69 m)
14:
947:abandoned and took off her crew.
546:departed Honolulu and headed for
367:, on 10 November 1940, bound for
1943:
1908:
1522:
1444:
1287:, and Biak—she took part in the
1160:. In the action which followed,
1045:Return to Guadalcanal operations
869:With American aircraft using up
820:Amphibious Forces, South Pacific
695:at the nearly helpless targets.
304:Transferred to the Pacific Fleet
44:
29:
1081:to attack American shipping in
1017:On 3 December, in company with
112:for disposal on 4 February 1947
2062:Tugs of the United States Navy
1180:were damaged. Later that day,
226:Construction and commissioning
1:
1460:. The entry can be found
1092:Among these ships, there lay
754:lay-to and called for a tow.
2052:Ships built in Philadelphia
1275:Supporting Okinawa invasion
1243:After service in the South
850:before setting out for the
647:received a summons to take
245:was assigned to the Train,
238:Post World War I operations
2103:
2057:Lapwing-class minesweepers
1390:Military awards and honors
1342:Following a brief stay at
18:
2026:
2012:
1989:
1374:was transferred from the
365:San Francisco, California
249:, and operated along the
116:
37:
28:
1922:rescue and salvage ships
1085:between Guadalcanal and
475:Hawaiian area operations
459:, through January 1942,
1279:Next—after touching at
1267:on the 10th, bound for
1204:Second reclassification
1140:The Battle of Kula Gulf
684:Around 1400 on 6 June,
117:General characteristics
936:beat a hasty retreat.
838:Guadalcanal operations
830:crew set about making
789:
232:Philadelphia Navy Yard
190:3 in (76 mm)
1335:, and headed for the
1303:End-of-war operations
1120:passed by, escorting
784:
574:Pearl and Hermes Reef
550:. During the voyage,
388:Mare Island Navy Yard
334:San Pedro, California
108:Transferred from the
60:as Minesweeper No. 52
588:The Battle of Midway
538:and gasoline tanker
530:Service as Fleet Tug
322:Guantanamo Bay, Cuba
1514:-class minesweepers
1376:Maritime Commission
1354:, for disposition.
1352:12th Naval District
1154:Battle of Kula Gulf
686:Japanese submarine
110:Maritime Commission
1916:United States Navy
1530:United States Navy
1253:Philippine Islands
1200:'s bow were made.
1184:, in company with
1132:took the crippled
987:. In company with
790:
723:had met her doom.
677:secured alongside
510:, in company with
314:U.S. Pacific Fleet
265:East Coast service
2039:
2038:
1958:
1925:
1539:
824:ComAmphibForSoPac
748:echo-ranging gear
255:Norfolk, Virginia
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68:20 November 1918
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92:18 April 1946
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1955:survey ships
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1536:minesweepers
1511:
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1431:. Retrieved
1428:cdnc.ucr.edu
1427:
1417:
1403:World War II
1399:battle stars
1394:
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842:Arriving at
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320:steamed—via
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298:Puerto Rican
289:
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242:
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210:
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122:Displacement
81:Commissioned
1146:New Georgia
1083:Lunga Roads
1061:Minneapolis
1025:and towing
956:pounced on
852:Guadalcanal
450:Ford Island
216:minesweeper
76:26 May 1919
2067:1919 ships
2046:Categories
1966:Discoverer
1799:Sanderling
1715:Kingfisher
1433:2016-01-31
1424:"Tide Rip"
1422:Leggs, C.
1409:References
1225:New Guinea
1134:Aaron Ward
1116:Aaron Ward
1098:Pathfinder
1012:Task Force
972:Meredith's
703:sank, her
661:destroyers
518:Sacramento
467:Enterprise
457:California
444:California
338:California
324:, and the
294:Nicaraguan
170:Complement
154:Propulsion
100:8 May 1946
2019:Cancelled
1876:Sandpiper
1820:Cormorant
1652:Partridge
1405:service.
1368:Navy list
1337:Marshalls
1329:USS
1321:USS
1297:Subic Bay
1281:Hollandia
1186:USS
1172:St. Louis
1170:USS
1162:USS
1114:USS
1102:USS
1059:USS
1053:Pensacola
1051:USS
1035:Christmas
1019:USS
993:USS
981:USS
914:USS
906:USS
900:Jamestown
898:USS
892:Bellatrix
890:USS
882:USS
767:USS
740:Hammann's
713:acetylene
701:destroyer
693:torpedoes
671:USS
610:USS
540:USS
516:USS
512:Crossbill
502:Crossbill
500:USS
465:USS
442:USS
412:USS
404:USS
396:USS
363:departed
340:coast to
220:fleet tug
207:U.S. Navy
65:Laid down
21:USS Vireo
1764:Flamingo
1680:Bobolink
1638:Woodcock
1582:Cardinal
1401:for her
1344:Eniwetok
1293:Tacloban
1194:Honolulu
1164:Honolulu
1027:PT boats
1008:Meredith
958:Meredith
949:Meredith
941:Meredith
934:Meredith
916:Nicholas
908:Meredith
871:gasoline
769:Seminole
725:Yorktown
679:Yorktown
653:Yorktown
649:Yorktown
641:Yorktown
637:Yorktown
629:Yorktown
612:Yorktown
580:and the
485:Honolulu
406:Bobolink
344:and the
328:—to the
282:warships
185:Armament
178:72 (tug)
165:15 knots
125:840 tons
97:Stricken
73:Launched
1980:Pioneer
1890:Warbler
1869:Redwing
1855:Peacock
1848:Ortolan
1841:Mallard
1813:Chewink
1792:Bittern
1771:Penguin
1750:Seagull
1729:Pelican
1694:Widgeon
1575:Tanager
1568:Swallow
1547:Lapwing
1512:Lapwing
1289:Okinawa
1265:Morotai
1218:ATO-144
1198:cruiser
1178:Leander
1158:Leander
1144:As the
1126:Ortolan
1104:Ortolan
989:Grayson
983:Grayson
968:leeward
954:Zuikaku
884:Alchiba
828:Vireo's
802:to the
736:Vireo's
721:Hammann
697:Hammann
673:Hammann
431:boilers
211:Lapwing
203:(AM-52)
146:Draught
57:Ordered
38:History
1933:Viking
1913:
1897:Willet
1862:Pigeon
1827:Gannet
1743:Osprey
1736:Falcon
1673:Avocet
1666:Thrush
1631:Turkey
1624:Plover
1617:Condor
1596:Curlew
1589:Oriole
1527:
1449:
1315:, and
1309:Manila
1249:armada
1176:, and
1122:LST-U9
1110:SC-521
1087:Tulagi
1079:Rabaul
1031:Cairns
926:convoy
920:, and
816:Noumea
759:YMT-12
691:fired
631:in tow
627:takes
604:, and
570:Kaloli
542:Kaloli
414:Turkey
410:, and
359:; and
357:Hawaii
342:Panama
213:-class
205:was a
130:Length
2004:class
2002:Raven
1973:Guide
1883:Vireo
1834:Grebe
1708:Brant
1659:Eider
1645:Quail
1610:Heron
1603:Finch
1561:Robin
1395:Vireo
1384:Vireo
1372:Vireo
1364:Vireo
1348:Vireo
1317:Samar
1313:Luzon
1285:Manus
1261:Vireo
1257:Leyte
1233:Vireo
1214:Vireo
1210:Vireo
1182:Vireo
1150:Vireo
1130:Vireo
1094:Vireo
1075:Papua
1001:Vireo
977:Vireo
964:Vireo
945:Vireo
930:Vireo
922:Vireo
875:barge
794:Vireo
786:Vireo
763:Vireo
752:Vireo
744:Vireo
730:Vireo
709:Vireo
688:I-168
667:Vireo
657:Vireo
645:Vireo
625:Vireo
606:Hiryu
602:Soryu
594:Akagi
578:Vireo
566:Vireo
556:Vireo
552:Vireo
536:Vireo
508:Vireo
496:Vireo
481:Vireo
461:Vireo
438:Vireo
427:Vireo
392:Vireo
384:Vireo
361:Vireo
353:Japan
318:Vireo
310:Vireo
290:Vireo
275:buoys
271:Vireo
259:Cuban
243:Vireo
201:Vireo
162:Speed
1995:None
1778:Swan
1757:Tern
1722:Rail
1701:Teal
1687:Lark
1462:here
1327:and
1323:Rail
1269:Biak
1188:Rail
1128:and
1108:and
1057:and
1037:and
1021:Hilo
995:Gwin
991:and
932:and
808:Suva
598:Kaga
568:and
514:and
489:Hilo
420:Oahu
398:Rail
375:and
199:USS
192:guns
188:two
138:Beam
105:Fate
1806:Auk
1554:Owl
1227:at
858:at
2048::
1426:.
1346:,
1339:.
1311:,
1283:,
1231:.
1220:.
1168:,
1089:.
999:,
912:,
904:,
896:,
888:,
862:.
826:,
600:,
596:,
562:.
491:.
452:.
422:.
402:,
379:.
348:.
2016:X
1957:)
1953:(
1924:)
1920:(
1538:)
1534:(
1503:e
1496:t
1489:v
1464:.
1436:.
296:-
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
