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268:. Individual committees were formed for each issue, including committees to secure ammunition, to raise funds for gunpowder, and to organize a national militia. These committees were consolidated into the Board of War and Ordnance in 1776, operated by members of Congress. A second board was created in 1777, the Board of War, to operate separately from Congress. The Congress of the Confederation eventually replaced the system of boards with the Department of War. Only five positions were created within the department upon its creation: the Secretary at War, an assistant, a secretary, and two clerks.
244:
45:
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635:, part of a complex of four matching brick Georgian/Federal style buildings for Cabinet departments with War in the northwest, Navy in the southwest and to the other side: State to the northeast and Treasury in the southeast. The War Department building was supplemented in the 1850s by a building across the street to the west known as the Annex and became very important during the
643:
visiting the War Office's telegraph room for constant updates and reports and walking back and forth to the "Residence". The original 1820 structures for War and Navy on the west side of the now famous White House was replaced in 1888 by construction of a new building of French Empire design with
510:
chief of staff. Assisted by industrial advisers, they reorganized the supply system of the army and practically wiped out the bureaus as quasi-independent agencies. General March reorganized the general staff along similar lines and gave it direct authority over departmental operations. After the
550:
on military strategy and expended little effort in acting as general manager of the
Department of War. Many agencies still fragmented authority, burdening the chief of staff with too many details, making the whole Department of War poorly geared toward directing the army in a global war. General
396:
During the
American Civil War, the War Department responsibilities expanded. It handled the recruiting, training, supply, medical care, transportation and pay of two million soldiers, comprising both the regular army and the much larger temporary volunteer army. A separate command structure took
408:, this bureau played a major role in supporting the new Republican governments in the southern states. When military Reconstruction ended in 1877, the U.S. Army removed the last troops from military occupation of the American South, and the last Republican state governments in the region ended.
451:
and the
General Staff. He changed the procedures for promotions and organized schools for the special branches of the service. He also devised the principle of rotating officers from staff to line. Concerned about the new territories acquired after the Spanish–American War, Root worked out the
717:
In the aftermath of World War II, the
American government (among others around the world) decided to abandon the word 'War' when referring to the civilian leadership of their military. One vestige of the former nomenclature is the names of the service was colleges: the Army War College, the
714:, later renamed the United States Department of Defense. On the same day this act was signed, Executive Order 9877 assigned primary military functions and responsibilities with the former War Department split between the Department of the Army and Department of the Air Force.
1508:
682:
Coming into office with World War II raging in Europe and Asia, Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson faced with the situation of the War
Department spread through the overcrowded Munitions Building and numerous other buildings across Washington, D.C., and suburban
495:, who opposed efforts to control the bureaus and war industry until competition for limited supplies almost paralyzed industry and transportation, especially in the North. Yielding to pressure from Congress and industry, Secretary Baker placed
431:
The United States Army, with 39,000 men in 1890 was the smallest and least powerful army of any major power in the late 19th century. By contrast, France had an army of 542,000. Temporary volunteers and state militia units mostly fought the
590:
After World War II, the
Department of War abandoned Marshall's organization for the fragmented prewar pattern while the independent services continually parried efforts to reestablish firm executive control over their operations. The
526:(AEF) field headquarters, which he commanded. The general staff in the early 1920s exercised little effective control over the bureaus, but the chiefs of staff gradually gained substantial authority over them by 1939, when General
459:, returned to the traditional secretary-bureau chief alliance, subordinating the chief of staff to the adjutant general, a powerful office since its creation in 1775. Indeed, Secretary Taft exercised little power; President
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582:) directed administrative and logistical operations. The Operations Division acted as general planning staff for Marshall. By 1942, the Army Air Forces gained virtual independence in every way from the rest of the army.
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291:. When the department was created, the president was authorized to appoint two inspectors to oversee the troops. Congress created several additional offices over the course of the 1790s, including the
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Business
Methods in the War Department: Report of the Board Appointed in Compliance with the Request of the Senate Select Committee to Investigate the Methods of Business in the Executive Departments
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471:, his chief of staff, revived the Root reforms. The general staff assisted them in their efforts to rationalize the organization of the army along modern lines and in supervising the bureaus.
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The Army comprised hundreds of small detachments in forts around the West, dealing with
Indians, and in coastal artillery units in port cities, dealing with the threat of a naval attack.
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in 1824, which served as the main agency within the War
Department for addressing the issues regarding Native Americans until 1849, when Congress transferred it to the newly founded
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procedures for turning Cuba over to the Cubans, wrote the charter of government for the
Philippines, and eliminated tariffs on goods imported to the United States from Puerto Rico.
443:(1899–1904) sought to appoint a chief of staff as general manager and a European-type general staff for planning, aiming to achieve this goal in a businesslike manner, but General
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were established in 1802. The Department of War was reduced in size following the end of the Quasi-War in 1802, but it was subsequently expanded in the years leading up to the
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3000:
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William S. Belko, "'John C. Calhoun and the Creation of the Bureau of Indian Affairs: An Essay on Political Rivalry, Ideology, and Policymaking in the Early Republic",
2979:
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2075:
1655:
401:
320:
206:, a civilian with such responsibilities as finance and purchases and a minor role in directing military affairs, headed the War Department throughout its existence.
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U.S. War Department weather map depicting weather conditions on October 21, 1879, over New England at 7:35 am. Produced for the U.S. Army during the
346:, but this army was never utilized. The Department of War was also responsible for overseeing interactions with Native Americans in its early years.
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1973:
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Marshall described the chief of staff then as a "poor command post." President Roosevelt brought in Henry L. Stimson as Secretary of War; after the
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and the Department of the Air Force. The Department of the Army and Department of the Air Force later joined the Department of the Navy under the
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squeezed the War Department from its office space, and the White House also desired additional office space. In August 1939, Secretary of War
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1983:
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1728:
679:, but upon completion, the new building did not solve the space problem of the department, and the Department of State ultimately used it.
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31:
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2300:
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2018:
2013:
2008:
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400:
In the late stages of the war, the department took charge of refugees and freedmen (freed slaves) in the American South through the
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1978:
1895:
1177:
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118:
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was completed in 1943, the Secretary of War vacated the Munitions Building and the department began moving into the Pentagon.
231:
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1958:
1953:
1943:
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1938:
1905:
1816:
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645:
611:
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292:
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1933:
1900:
1211:
The Pentagon – A History: The Untold Story of the Wartime Race to Build the Pentagon and to Restore it Sixty Years Later
480:
390:
331:
3273:
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3196:
2373:
1968:
1963:
1480:
1466:
671:
during World War I. In the late 1930s, the government constructed the War Department Building (renamed in 2000 as the
261:
411:
2855:
1847:
1837:
1569:
1548:
600:
386:
330:
Forming and organizing the department and the army fell to Secretary Knox, while direct field command of the small
265:
44:
1687:
447:
stymied his efforts. Root enlarged the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York and established the
3201:
1925:
1852:
1811:
1801:
1593:
1587:
563:
3341:
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243:
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of 1898. This conflict demonstrated the need for more effective control over the department and its bureaus.
3313:
3303:
1581:
877:
672:
504:
373:. To accommodate this expansion, sub-departments were created within the department, with each one led by a
279:
reestablished the War Department as a civilian agency to administer the field army under the president (as
3206:
2870:
559:
555:
276:
1634:
596:
547:
184:
806:"The Establishment of the Department of War – US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives"
744:
are indicative of the origin of the seal. The date (1778) refers to the year of its adoption. The term
707:
The United States Secretary of War, a member of the United States Cabinet, headed the War Department.
595:
split the War Department into the Department of the Army and the Department of the Air Force, and the
1124:
649:
362:
1486:
U.S. War Department, Operations Division Diary, 1941–1946, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library
1259:
726:, which still train U.S. military officers in battlefield tactics and the strategy of war fighting.
2787:
1870:
1494:
1385:
873:
749:
692:
628:
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On November 8, 1800, the War Department building with its records and files was consumed by fire.
2003:
1875:
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280:
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160:
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209:
The War Department existed from August 7, 1789 until September 18, 1947, when it split into the
1485:
870:"A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U. S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774–1875"
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272:
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624:
566:(AUS) into three autonomous components to conduct the operations of the War Department: the
519:
496:
464:
374:
312:
1476:
Official Reports of the War of the Rebellion {US Civil War} 1861–1865 {published 1880–1901}
1470:
723:
640:
552:
507:
492:
483:
reduced the size and functions of the general staff to few members before America entered
444:
378:
377:. These sub-departments were reformed into a modern system of bureaus by Secretary of War
940:
691:. On July 28, 1941, Congress authorized funding for a new Department of War building in
488:
1381:
The Development of National Administrative Organization in the United States, Issue 10
663:
and Acting Chief of Staff of the Army George C. Marshall moved their offices into the
619:
In the early years, between 1797 and 1800, the Department of War was headquartered in
3517:
1286:
Washington Command Post: The Operations Division, United States Army in World War II.
1209:
668:
300:
1317:
Beating Plowshares into Swords: The Political Economy of American Warfare, 1606–1865
1185:
2030:
696:
676:
620:
543:
468:
236:
84:
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Planning War, Pursuing Peace: The Political Economy of American Warfare, 1920–1939
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17:
1887:
1454:
632:
484:
370:
1499:
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Mobilizing for modern war: the political economy of American warfare, 1865–1919
695:, which would house the entire department under one roof. When construction of
191:, also bearing responsibility for naval affairs until the establishment of the
440:
335:
284:
1517:
1344:
Arsenal of World War II: the political economy of American warfare, 1940–1945
1166:. Office of Secretary of Defense / Government Printing Office. pp. 4–9.
343:
1463:
511:
war, the Congress again granted the bureaus their former independence. The
187:
department originally responsible for the operation and maintenance of the
1244:. Office of Secretary of Defense / Government Printing Office. p. 22.
627:, in 1800. In 1820, headquarters moved into a building at 17th Street and
623:; it moved with the other federal agencies to the new national capital at
260:
The Department of War traces its origins to the committees created by the
1432:
The Business of Civil War: Military Mobilization and the State, 1861–1865
688:
684:
479:
The Congress reversed these changes in support of the bureaus and in the
1372:
1368:
1337:
1320:
1296:
1150:
Turmoil and Tradition: A Study of the Life and Times of Henry L. Stimson
1112:
First Great Triumph: How Five Americans Made Their Country a World Power
1035:
342:
under the command of former President Washington in anticipation of the
2874:
1435:
1310:
From Root to McNamara: Army Organization and Administration, 1900–1963.
1099:
An Army for Empire: The United States Army and the Spanish–American War
1032:
The Great Father: The United States Government and the American Indians
891:
Eagle and Sword the Beginnings of the Military Establishment in America
195:
in 1798, and for most land-based air forces until the creation of the
30:
For the present agency overseeing the United States Armed Forces, see
869:
334:
fell to President Washington. In 1798, Congress authorized President
939:
United States War Dept Board on Business Methods (August 17, 1889).
1073:
Frontier Regulars: The United States Army and the Indian, 1866–1891
327:, physician general, apothecary general, purveyor, and accountant.
242:
230:
558:, Stimson supported Marshall in reorganizing the army under the
271:
Shortly after the establishment of a government under President
3345:
1521:
1425:
The Republican Era, 1869–1901 a Study in Administrative History
1411:
The Jeffersonians: A Study in Administrative History, 1801–1829
1365:
The Organization and Administration of the Union Army 1861–1865
603:
served as operating managers for the new Secretary of Defense.
3373:
Federal executive departments of the United States of America
1418:
The Jacksonians: A Study in Administrative History, 1829–1861
644:
mansard roofs, the "State, War, and Navy Building" (now the
1464:
Reconstruction of War Department Records from 1784 to 1800
1351:
George C. Marshall, Volume 2: Ordeal and hope, 1939–1942
1178:"Intro – Secretaries of War and Secretaries of the Army"
752:, and for many years afterward, was associated with the
239:, which the U.S. War Department's seal is derived from
1303:
The hilt of the sword: the career of Peyton C. March
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1996:
1924:
1886:
1825:
1784:
1705:
1696:
1602:
1448:
1358:
George C. Marshall, organizer of victory, 1943–1945
652:), built in the same location as its predecessors.
648:, and later renamed to honor General and President
283:) and the secretary of war. Retired senior General
153:
137:
111:
93:
77:
59:
54:
1404:The Federalists: a Study in Administrative History
1208:
710:The National Security Act of 1947 established the
574:(USAAF) developed an independent air arm; and the
522:realigned the general staff on the pattern of his
251:, derived from the seal of the U.S. War Department
1509:Works by or about United States Department of War
546:, General Marshall principally advised President
402:Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands
499:in charge of munitions and made Major General
3357:
1807:Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force
1533:
1182:United States Army Center of Military History
463:made the major decisions. In 1911, Secretary
287:, then in civilian life, served as the first
8:
37:
3529:1949 disestablishments in the United States
945:. U.S. Government Printing Office. p.
740:The date "MDCCLXXVIII" and the designation
3534:Former United States Executive Departments
3364:
3350:
3342:
2990:
2345:
2103:
1702:
1540:
1526:
1518:
1293:The Regulars: The American Army, 1898–1941
1125:"Moral Uplifting – World War I Centennial"
615:The State, War, and Navy Building in 1917
515:addressed moral standards of the troops.
3524:1789 establishments in the United States
1792:Chief of Staff of the United States Army
1500:Works by United States Department of War
771:United States Assistant Secretary of War
610:
410:
797:
381:in 1818. Secretary Calhoun created the
1445:
736:Department of the Army Seal and Emblem
513:Commission on Training Camp Activities
455:Root's successor as Secretary of War,
36:
1630:Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security
1086:The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers
1046:
998:
986:
974:
962:
951:War Department Building burn in 1814.
926:
914:
902:
853:
841:
829:
766:Military history of the United States
667:, a temporary structure built on the
315:, superintendent of military stores,
7:
2306:Air Force Historical Research Agency
2431:Officer candidate/training school:
1491:American State Papers, 1789 to 1837
1242:The Pentagon: The First Fifty Years
1164:The Pentagon: The First Fifty Years
781:United States Department of Defense
215:United States Department of Defense
32:United States Department of Defense
2301:Naval History and Heritage Command
1060:A History of the Freedmen's Bureau
1012:South Carolina Historical Magazine
49:Seal of the U.S. Department of War
25:
503:acting quartermaster general and
227:History of the United States Army
3296:
3295:
3254:
3253:
2861:Uniform Code of Military Justice
1678:United States military seniority
1455:1945 War Department Organization
43:
3539:United States Department of War
2843:Military Occupational Specialty
2291:Army Center of Military History
1896:Military Auxiliary Radio System
1766:Department of Homeland Security
1673:Active duty three-star officers
1481:US Army General Orders for 1885
786:National Military Establishment
712:National Military Establishment
570:(AGF) trained land troops; the
397:charge of military operations.
173:United States Department of War
119:National Military Establishment
38:United States Department of War
3488:Health, Education, and Welfare
2866:Judge Advocate General's Corps
1797:Commandant of the Marine Corps
1668:Active duty four-star officers
1625:Secretary of Homeland Security
1610:President of the United States
949:– via Internet Archive.
776:United States Secretary of War
449:United States Army War College
359:United States Military Academy
289:United States Secretary of War
1:
3422:Housing and Urban Development
2296:Marine Corps History Division
1817:Commandant of the Coast Guard
1683:National Security Act of 1947
1652:Committees on Armed Services
1373:vol 2 excerpt and text search
1369:vol 1 excerpt and text search
646:Old Executive Office Building
593:National Security Act of 1947
183:in the early years), was the
1901:Marine Corps Cyber Auxiliary
1378:Short, Lloyd Milton (1923).
524:American Expeditionary Force
487:on April 6, 1917. President
481:National Defense Act of 1916
2485:Enlisted recruit training:
1753:Department of the Air Force
1620:Deputy Secretary of Defense
1129:www.worldwar1centennial.org
880:. Retrieved March 24, 2012.
675:) at 21st and C Streets in
491:supported Secretary of War
262:Second Continental Congress
197:Department of the Air Force
129:Department of the Air Force
27:Former US government agency
3555:
1785:Service branches and heads
1549:United States Armed Forces
733:
601:Secretary of the Air Force
387:Department of the Interior
224:
29:
3412:Health and Human Services
3249:
2106:
1926:Unified combatant command
1812:Chief of Space Operations
1802:Chief of Naval Operations
1555:
1453:
1240:Goldberg, Alfred (1992).
1215:. Random House. pp.
1162:Goldberg, Alfred (1992).
564:Army of the United States
237:Board of War and Ordnance
85:Board of War and Ordnance
42:
2851:Air Force Specialty Code
2565:Awards & decorations
1034:(Abridged Edition 1986)
754:Headquarters of the Army
383:Bureau of Indian Affairs
1469:March 25, 2015, at the
1436:excerpt and text search
1338:excerpt and text search
1321:excerpt and text search
1297:excerpt and text search
1071:Robert Marshall Utley,
1036:excerpt and text search
878:Law Library of Congress
673:Harry S Truman Building
367:Army Corps of Engineers
264:in 1775 to oversee the
199:on September 18, 1947.
97:September 18, 1947
65:; 235 years ago
2871:Military Health System
1741:Department of the Navy
1729:Department of the Army
1342:Koistinen, Paul A. C.
1332:Koistinen, Paul A. C.
1325:Koistinen, Paul A. C.
1315:Koistinen, Paul A. C.
1305:(1966), on World War I
1184:. 1992. Archived from
1014:2004 105(3): 170–197.
730:Seal of the department
616:
560:War Powers Act of 1941
556:attack on Pearl Harbor
530:assumed the office of
518:In the 1920s, General
420:
252:
249:Department of the Army
240:
211:Department of the Army
124:Department of the Army
99:; 76 years ago
2329:Air Force Art Program
1916:Coast Guard Auxiliary
1714:Department of Defense
1688:Goldwater–Nichols Act
1635:Joint Chiefs of Staff
1207:Vogel, Steve (2007).
866:Chap. VII. 1 Stat. 49
614:
597:Secretary of the Army
548:Franklin D. Roosevelt
414:
393:was created in 1851.
375:general staff officer
301:quartermaster general
246:
234:
185:United States Cabinet
3120:Aircraft designation
2769:Creeds & Codes:
1888:Civilian auxiliaries
1706:Military departments
1615:Secretary of Defense
1188:on December 28, 2007
650:Dwight D. Eisenhower
631:NW, adjacent to the
572:U.S. Army Air Forces
434:Spanish–American War
138:Department executive
112:Superseding agencies
78:Preceding department
3006:Crew-served weapons
2895:Chiefs of Chaplains
2116:Current deployments
1495:Library of Congress
1386:Johns Hopkins Press
1301:Coffman, Edward M.
1291:Coffman, Edward M.
1262:on January 14, 2012
1148:Elting E. Morison,
1110:Warren Zimmermann,
1058:George R. Bentley,
1030:Francis P. Prucha,
905:, pp. 119–122.
874:Library of Congress
693:Arlington, Virginia
657:Department of State
629:Pennsylvania Avenue
580:Army Service Forces
532:Army Chief of Staff
457:William Howard Taft
391:U.S. Soldiers' Home
338:to create a second
63:August 7, 1789
55:Department overview
39:
3483:Commerce and Labor
3001:Individual weapons
2241:Hispanic Americans
2221:Buddhist Americans
2004:United States Code
1974:Special Operations
1827:Reserve components
1423:White, Leonard D.
1416:White, Leonard D.
1409:White, Leonard D.
1402:White, Leonard D.
1356:Pogue, Forrest C.
1349:Pogue, Forrest C.
1256:"USAF Established"
1097:Graham A. Cosmas,
1088:(1987) p. 154, 203
665:Munitions Building
655:By the 1930s, the
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576:Services of Supply
568:Army Ground Forces
528:George C. Marshall
501:George W. Goethals
467:and Major General
461:Theodore Roosevelt
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417:War of the Pacific
406:Reconstruction era
281:commander-in-chief
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247:The emblem of the
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889:Richard H. Kohn,
856:, pp. 70–71.
844:, pp. 61–62.
832:, pp. 37–40.
720:Naval War College
661:Harry H. Woodring
633:Executive Mansion
562:. He divided the
439:Secretary of War
325:inspector general
317:paymaster general
297:brigadier general
273:George Washington
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669:National Mall
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404:. During the
403:
398:
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328:
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306:
302:
298:
294:
293:major general
290:
286:
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96:
92:
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83:
82:
80:
76:
62:
58:
53:
46:
41:
33:
19:
3502:
3155:designations
2949:Designations
2890:Conscription
2261:Marine Corps
2195:World War II
2086:Unit mottoes
2031:The Pentagon
1949:Indo-Pacific
1771:
1764:
1719:
1712:
1570:Marine Corps
1431:
1424:
1417:
1410:
1403:
1380:
1364:
1357:
1350:
1343:
1333:
1326:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1292:
1285:
1279:Bibliography
1264:. Retrieved
1260:the original
1250:
1241:
1235:
1210:
1202:
1190:. Retrieved
1186:the original
1172:
1163:
1157:
1149:
1144:
1134:November 12,
1132:. Retrieved
1128:
1119:
1111:
1106:
1098:
1093:
1085:
1080:
1072:
1067:
1059:
1054:
1042:
1031:
1026:
1011:
1006:
994:
982:
970:
958:
950:
941:
934:
922:
910:
898:
890:
885:
861:
849:
837:
825:
815:December 16,
813:. Retrieved
809:
800:
753:
746:"War Office"
745:
742:"War Office"
741:
739:
716:
711:
709:
706:
703:Organization
697:the Pentagon
681:
677:Foggy Bottom
654:
621:Philadelphia
618:
607:Office space
589:
544:World War II
541:
538:World War II
517:
478:
469:Leonard Wood
454:
438:
430:
422:
399:
395:
356:
353:19th century
348:
332:Regular Army
329:
270:
259:
256:18th century
208:
201:
180:
176:
172:
170:
3498:Post Office
3387:Agriculture
3151:Electronics
3108:World War I
2316:War artists
2256:Coast Guard
2204:By ancestry
1594:Coast Guard
1588:Space Force
1192:October 17,
893:(1975) ch 6
485:World War I
475:World War I
371:War of 1812
3518:Categories
3230:Biological
2880:Separation
2758:Enlistment
2708:Enlisted:
2095:Operations
1834:Reserves:
1698:Components
1603:Leadership
1395:0598686584
1047:Short 1923
999:Short 1923
987:Short 1923
975:Short 1923
963:Short 1923
927:Short 1923
915:Short 1923
903:Short 1923
854:Short 1923
842:Short 1923
830:Short 1923
792:References
750:Revolution
722:, and the
441:Elihu Root
363:West Point
336:John Adams
285:Henry Knox
225:See also:
181:War Office
104:1947-09-18
70:1789-08-07
3473:Air Force
3402:Education
3300:Navboxes
3076:Weapons:
2937:Equipment
2668:Officer:
2342:Personnel
2251:Air Force
2246:Civil War
2121:Conflicts
2076:Logistics
1997:Structure
1979:Strategic
1773:Secretary
1758:Secretary
1746:Secretary
1734:Secretary
1721:Secretary
1582:Air Force
1406:, (1948).
1020:0038-3082
810:house.gov
637:Civil War
427:1898–1939
344:Quasi-War
275:in 1789,
217:in 1949.
161:U.S. Army
94:Dissolved
3452:Treasury
3427:Interior
3392:Commerce
3259:Category
3235:Chemical
3103:Aircraft
3087:Reactors
3011:Vehicles
2958:vehicles
2532:Uniforms
2525:Uniforms
2349:Training
2190:Colonial
2182:Timeline
2024:Title 50
2019:Title 32
2014:Title 14
2009:Title 10
1959:Southern
1954:Northern
1944:European
1641:Chairman
1467:Archived
1427:, (1958)
1420:. (1965)
1266:June 23,
760:See also
689:Virginia
685:Maryland
553:Japanese
365:and the
305:chaplain
277:Congress
3432:Justice
3397:Defense
3380:Current
3225:Nuclear
3207:Guidons
3036:Ships:
2963:weapons
2875:Tricare
2763:Officer
2606:Devices
2596:Foreign
2271:Academy
2140:History
2099:history
2040:Units:
1939:Central
1511:at the
1434:(2006)
1336:(1998)
1319:(1996)
1295:(2007)
1152:(1960).
586:Postwar
578:(later
542:During
505:General
221:History
102: (
68: (
3466:Former
3407:Energy
3197:Ensign
3113:active
3055:future
3050:active
3015:active
2847:Rating
2754:Oath:
2613:Badges
2111:Budget
1934:Africa
1656:Senate
1559:Legend
1413:(1965)
1392:
1360:(1973)
1353:(1967)
1346:(2004)
1329:(1997)
1312:(1975)
1288:(1950)
1223:
1114:(2002)
1101:(1971)
1075:(1984)
1062:(1955)
1018:
389:. The
60:Formed
3442:State
3437:Labor
3161:Flags
3134:Other
2968:other
2748:Other
2661:Ranks
2586:AF/SF
2504:AF/SF
2475:ASVAB
2450:AF/SF
2425:AF/SF
2386:AF/SF
2081:Media
1969:Cyber
1964:Space
1661:House
1592:CG =
1586:SF =
1580:AF =
1568:MC =
1217:29–33
868:from
3493:Navy
3478:Army
3219:WMDs
3214:Food
3202:Jack
2994:Land
2954:MC:
2581:MC/N
2482:(MC)
2470:MEPS
2420:MC/N
2410:ROTC
2391:prep
2379:prep
2374:MC/N
2367:prep
2266:Navy
2126:Wars
2097:and
1576:Navy
1574:N =
1564:Army
1562:A =
1390:ISBN
1268:2014
1221:ISBN
1194:2008
1136:2022
1016:ISSN
817:2016
687:and
599:and
357:The
202:The
171:The
3503:War
3096:Air
3070:MSC
3025:Sea
2856:Pay
2778:NCO
1502:at
947:184
361:at
3520::
3329:CG
3324:SF
3319:AF
3309:MC
3289:CG
3284:SF
3279:AF
3269:MC
3221::
3192:CG
3187:SF
3182:AF
3172:MC
3163::
3065:CG
3060:AF
2985:CG
2980:AF
2921:CG
2916:AF
2906:MC
2897::
2836:CG
2831:AF
2821:MC
2812::
2803:CG
2798:AF
2788:MC
2737:CG
2732:SF
2727:AF
2717:MC
2697:CG
2692:SF
2687:AF
2677:MC
2649:CG
2644:SF
2639:AF
2629:MC
2615::
2591:CG
2567::
2558:SF
2553:AF
2543:MC
2534::
2509:CG
2494:MC
2459::
2440:MC
2398:CG
2358::
2172:CG
2167:SF
2162:AF
2152:MC
2069:CG
2064:SF
2059:AF
2049:MC
1876:AF
1867::
1858:CG
1853:AF
1843:MC
1637::
1493:–
1388:.
1371:;
1219:.
1180:.
1127:.
876:,
872:.
808:.
756:.
534:.
323:,
319:,
311:,
307:,
303:,
299:,
295:,
3365:e
3358:t
3351:v
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3304:A
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3167:A
3157:)
3153:(
3080:N
3045:N
3040:A
3017:)
3013:(
2975:N
2951:)
2947:(
2945:A
2911:N
2901:A
2873:/
2849:/
2845:/
2826:N
2816:A
2793:N
2783:A
2722:N
2712:A
2682:N
2672:A
2634:N
2624:A
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2548:N
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2415:A
2393:)
2389:(
2381:)
2377:(
2369:)
2365:(
2362:A
2157:N
2147:A
2054:N
2044:A
1871:A
1848:N
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1541:e
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1398:.
1270:.
1229:.
1196:.
1138:.
819:.
419:.
106:)
72:)
34:.
20:)
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