4698:
2654:
2643:
561:, and which to place in blocks of Unicode characters. The expansion cost of UTF-7 can be high: for example, the character sequence U+10FFFF U+0077 U+10FFFF is 9 bytes in UTF-8, but 17 bytes in UTF-7. (At worst, treating every codepoint as a sequence in its own right produces the maximum expansion of 5x, e.g. when encoding
703:
UTF-7 allows multiple representations of the same source string. In particular, ASCII characters can be represented as part of
Unicode blocks. As such, if standard ASCII-based escaping or validation processes are used on strings that may be later interpreted as UTF-7, then Unicode blocks may be used
345:
Space, tab, carriage return and line feed may also be represented directly as single ASCII bytes. However, if the encoded text is to be used in e-mail, care is needed to ensure that these characters are used in ways that do not require further content transfer encoding to be suitable for e-mail. The
307:
has been made obsolete by RFC 2152, an informational RFC which never became a standard. As RFC 2152 clearly states, the RFC "does not specify an
Internet standard of any kind". Despite this, RFC 2152 is quoted as the definition of UTF-7 in the IANA's list of charsets. Neither is UTF-7 a Unicode
675:
A byte order mark (BOM) is an optional special byte sequence at the very start of a stream or file that, without being data itself, indicates the encoding used for the data that follows; it can be used in the absence of metadata that denotes the encoding. For a given encoding scheme, it's that
342:). Using the optional direct characters reduces size and enhances human readability but also increases the chance of breakage by things like badly designed mail gateways and may require extra escaping when used in encoded words for header fields.
633:
es followed by a dash) and nonempty
Unicode blocks as mentioned in the description section. Once this is done, each Unicode block must be decoded with the following procedure (using the result of the encoding example above as our example)
196:
then it can (and probably does) encode each surrogate half as though it was a 16-bit code point, and thus can encode all code points. It is unclear if other UTF-7 software (such as translators to UTF-32 or UTF-8) support this.
273:
UTF-7 is generally not used as a native representation within applications as it is very awkward to process. Despite its size advantage over the combination of UTF-8 with either quoted-printable or Base64, the now defunct
270:, UTF-7 was designed to avoid using the = sign as an escape character to avoid double escaping when it is combined with quoted-printable (or its variant, the RFC 2047/1522 "Q"-encoding of headers).
4316:
956:
characters, except for "&", represent themselves…. The character "&" (0x26) is represented by the two-octet sequence "&-". All other characters… are represented in modified BASE64….
734:
UTF-7 is considered obsolete, at least for
Microsoft software (.NET), with code paths previously supporting it intentionally broken (to prevent security issues) in .NET 5, in 2020.
3161:
127:
2998:
315:
Some characters can be represented directly as single ASCII bytes. The first group is known as "direct characters" and contains 62 alphanumeric characters and 9 symbols:
319:. The direct characters are safe to include literally. The other main group, known as "optional direct characters", contains all other printable characters in the range
1546:
1488:
258:, but still must be explicitly identified as the text character set. In addition, if used within e-mail headers such as "Subject:", UTF-7 must be contained in MIME
3106:
704:
to slip malicious strings past them. To mitigate this problem, systems should perform decoding before validation and should avoid attempting to autodetect UTF-7.
3181:
2695:
2611:
1101:
683:
While it's typically a single, fixed byte sequence, in UTF-7 four variations may appear, because the last 2 bits of the 4th byte of the UTF-7 encoding of
2596:
120:
381:) then it is consumed by the decoder and decoding resumes with the next character. Otherwise decoding resumes with the character after the Base64.
4725:
4408:
4162:
2616:
1406:
291:
e-mail retrieval protocol, version 4 rev 1, for "international" mailbox names. The following version, IMAP version 4 rev 2, uses UTF-8 instead.
4398:
1391:
652:
If there is an incomplete group at the end containing only zeros, discard it (if the incomplete group contains any ones, the code is invalid):
4147:
3101:
1635:
1314:
4281:
1630:
766:
691:
character, resulting in 4 possible bit patterns and therefore 4 different possible bytes in the 4th position. See the UTF-7 entry in the
113:
4675:
4186:
3989:
2733:
1201:
1164:
312:
only lists UTF-8, UTF-16 and UTF-32. There is also a modified version, specified in RFC 2060, which is sometimes identified as UTF-7.
4231:
3847:
3842:
3345:
3176:
2688:
3265:
1463:
1094:
288:
4483:
4418:
4172:
4152:
1468:
1383:
1284:
743:
4236:
2829:
2723:
373:
sign. The end is indicated by any character not in the modified Base64 set. If the character after the modified Base64 is a
1062:"ArticleUtf7 - doctype-mirror - UTF-7: the case of the missing charset - Mirror of Google Doctype - Google Project Hosting"
4350:
4321:
3971:
1765:
1579:
1563:
1526:
1373:
1309:
1129:
228:
181:
147:
52:
4413:
4301:
4261:
2681:
2504:
1740:
569:.) Each Unicode sequence must be encoded using the following procedure, then surrounded by the appropriate delimiters.
4720:
4655:
4266:
4182:
4167:
4071:
3984:
3956:
3922:
2623:
1551:
1351:
1087:
204:. It is known to have security issues, which is why software has been changed to disable its use. It is prohibited in
3932:
3927:
4629:
4574:
4495:
4276:
4271:
3280:
1790:
1625:
1620:
1269:
1174:
254:
Provided certain rules are followed during encoding, UTF-7 can be sent in e-mail without using an underlying MIME
4336:
4291:
4127:
3676:
3380:
3325:
3290:
2228:
1505:
1214:
3851:
3360:
3340:
3335:
3275:
3270:
2779:
827:
275:
248:
185:
64:
4701:
4685:
4612:
4607:
4569:
4540:
4505:
3937:
3671:
3370:
3255:
2658:
2559:
1915:
1820:
1169:
1157:
60:
4296:
4286:
4142:
4132:
3666:
3375:
2820:
2807:
2743:
2248:
1995:
1850:
1785:
1500:
1368:
1274:
1233:
809:
4473:
4311:
4246:
4122:
3661:
2815:
2444:
2198:
2193:
2070:
1483:
1248:
3691:
235:. Therefore, a non-trivial content transfer encoding has to be applied in case of doubt. Unfortunately
4634:
4306:
4196:
4066:
3686:
2429:
2374:
2343:
2263:
1985:
1950:
1830:
1319:
996:
895:
712:
304:
4107:
247:
produces a very size-inefficient format requiring 6–9 bytes for non-ASCII characters from the
4589:
4216:
3701:
3586:
3576:
3571:
2474:
2469:
2384:
2328:
1694:
1689:
1674:
1473:
1458:
1363:
1299:
1289:
1279:
659:
Each group of 16 bits is a character's
Unicode (UTF-16) number and can be expressed in other forms:
223:
using byte values above the ASCII range. Although MIME allows encoding the message body in various
2494:
4670:
4518:
4331:
4326:
4251:
3250:
3224:
2748:
2704:
2575:
2464:
2434:
2414:
2050:
2030:
1780:
1346:
1223:
1219:
1124:
220:
201:
791:
4660:
4599:
4579:
4241:
4221:
4201:
3829:
3305:
3285:
2797:
2544:
2454:
2439:
2308:
2278:
2243:
2055:
1895:
1720:
1531:
1243:
1184:
988:
849:
708:
284:
has also been introduced, which reduces the need to encode message bodies in a 7-bit format.
4617:
4191:
4157:
3867:
3696:
2647:
2606:
2499:
2449:
2338:
2298:
2223:
2213:
2203:
2105:
2075:
2060:
1965:
1940:
1815:
1795:
1664:
1655:
1541:
1294:
1253:
978:
885:
263:
244:
174:
38:
4665:
4584:
3315:
3310:
3300:
3245:
2930:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2601:
2554:
2539:
2479:
2399:
2364:
2359:
2303:
2293:
2283:
2233:
2100:
2090:
2085:
2035:
2005:
1875:
1865:
1825:
1725:
1640:
1615:
1304:
1209:
1179:
692:
553:
First, an encoder must decide which characters to represent directly in ASCII form, which
425:
1810:
4117:
4112:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4051:
4046:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3862:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3385:
3365:
2970:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2718:
2509:
2489:
2409:
2389:
2379:
2288:
2135:
2065:
2040:
2020:
1975:
1960:
1935:
1885:
1860:
1805:
1760:
1061:
1037:
4714:
4437:
3857:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3596:
3591:
3581:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3320:
3295:
3260:
3219:
2965:
2529:
2514:
2394:
2333:
2218:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2120:
2095:
2045:
1945:
1930:
1920:
1770:
1715:
1558:
1356:
1152:
1012:
In IMAP4rev2, mailbox names are encoded in Net-Unicode (this differs from IMAP4rev1).
597:
0000 0000 1010 0011 and 0010 0000 0010 0000 → 0000 0000 1010 0011 0010 0000 0010 0000
224:
74:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4177:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3355:
3350:
3330:
3214:
3206:
2839:
2524:
2258:
2253:
2208:
2110:
2025:
2015:
1970:
1925:
1900:
1840:
1755:
1735:
1730:
1710:
1589:
1536:
378:
648:
000000 001010 001100 100000 001000 000000 → 0000000010100011 0010000000100000 0000
243:
characters unreadable in non-MIME clients. On the other hand, UTF-8 combined with
611:
000000 001010 001100 100000 001000 00 → 000000 001010 001100 100000 001000 000000
2772:
2755:
2580:
2419:
2404:
2318:
2188:
2165:
2130:
2000:
1980:
1955:
1775:
1684:
1238:
1228:
1008:
999:
968:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
898:
879:
629:
First an encoded data must be separated into plain ASCII text chunks (including
369:. The start of these blocks of modified Base64-encoded UTF-16 is indicated by a
232:
56:
42:
604:
0000 0000 1010 0011 0010 0000 0010 0000 → 000000 001010 001100 100000 001000 00
4622:
4563:
4530:
4383:
4061:
3156:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3076:
2960:
2955:
2945:
2940:
2738:
2728:
2459:
1910:
1800:
1436:
1144:
421:
89:
992:
365:(hence U+10000 and higher would be encoded into two surrogates), and then in
4510:
4488:
4393:
4206:
3235:
3166:
3146:
3141:
3066:
3061:
2323:
2238:
2170:
1905:
1679:
1599:
1594:
1495:
1478:
906:
sec. 5.1.3 "Mailbox
International Naming Convention". Obsoleted by RFC
339:
866:
Store mailbox names on disk using UTF-8 instead of modified UTF-7 (mUTF-7).
711:
can be tricked into interpreting the page as UTF-7. This can be used for a
428:
as in the table below. There are two bits left over, which are padded to 0.
4680:
4535:
4500:
4478:
4388:
4211:
3151:
3136:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3071:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
2802:
2792:
2788:
2762:
2549:
2519:
2369:
2354:
2349:
2140:
1990:
1890:
1870:
1835:
1745:
1584:
1401:
953:
281:
163:
103:
4550:
4346:
4256:
4137:
3711:
3081:
3056:
3046:
2784:
2273:
2268:
2145:
2080:
2010:
1750:
1134:
1110:
1023:
645:
Regroup the binary into groups of sixteen bits, starting from the left:
321:
262:
identifying the character set. Since encoded words force use of either
159:
151:
78:
2673:
158:
characters. It was originally intended to provide a means of encoding
4555:
4545:
4523:
4403:
4378:
4373:
4226:
4056:
3947:
3837:
3196:
3186:
3171:
2988:
2534:
2313:
2125:
2115:
1845:
1431:
1426:
1396:
983:
890:
366:
362:
338:
being excluded due to being redefined in "variants of ASCII" such as
287:
A modified form of UTF-7 (sometimes dubbed 'mUTF-7') was used in the
267:
236:
205:
193:
192:
and many other characters). However if a UTF-7 translator is to/from
189:
166:
150:) is an obsolete variable-length character encoding for representing
835:
601:
Regroup the binary into groups of six bits, starting from the left:
231:, the main E-mail transfer standard) is still not guaranteed to be
4650:
4368:
4358:
3975:
3681:
3191:
3131:
2993:
2767:
2628:
2484:
2424:
1880:
1855:
1510:
1421:
1411:
299:
UTF-7 was first proposed as an experimental protocol in RFC 1642,
240:
227:(broader than ASCII), the underlying transmission infrastructure (
170:
155:
99:
1038:"Clarify guidance for use of a BOM as a UTF-8 encoding signature"
3961:
3051:
974:
259:
255:
216:
2677:
1653:
1083:
572:
Using the £† (U+00A3 U+2020) character sequence as an example:
4428:
608:
If the last group has fewer than six bits, add trailing zeros:
219:, the modern standard for e-mail formats, forbids encoding of
144:
615:
Replace each group of six bits with a respective Base64 code:
188:(the first 65536 Unicode code points, which does not include
731:
in UTF-7, which most validators let through as simple text.
638:
Express each Base64 code as the bit sequence it represents:
577:
Express the character's
Unicode numbers (UTF-16) in binary:
1079:
169:
messages that was more efficient than the combination of
184:", as the definition can only encode code points in the
970:
Internet
Message Access Protocol (IMAP) - Version 4rev2
4643:
4598:
4466:
4427:
4345:
4080:
3970:
3946:
3828:
3710:
3394:
3233:
3205:
3039:
2981:
2838:
2711:
2589:
2568:
2179:
1703:
1663:
1608:
1572:
1519:
1449:
1382:
1339:
1332:
1262:
1200:
1193:
1143:
1117:
335:
331:
95:
85:
70:
48:
34:
26:
641:AKMgIA → 000000 001010 001100 100000 001000 000000
618:000000 001010 001100 100000 001000 000000 → AKMgIA
828:"Using International Characters in Internet Mail"
200:UTF-7 has never been an official standard of the
4630:Unicode control, format and separator characters
881:INTERNET MESSAGE ACCESS PROTOCOL - VERSION 4rev1
856:. 8 February 2023. Sec. "Mail Location Settings"
767:"Breaking change: UTF-7 code paths are obsolete"
1007:sec. 5.1. "Mailbox Naming". Obsoletes RFC
967:Melnikov, Alexey; Leiba, Barry (August 2021).
676:scheme's representation of Unicode code point
2689:
1095:
251:and 12 bytes for characters outside the BMP.
121:
8:
301:A Mail-Safe Transformation Format of Unicode
21:
2696:
2682:
2674:
2597:Cultural, political, and religious symbols
1650:
1336:
1197:
1102:
1088:
1080:
128:
114:
982:
889:
761:
759:
536:
533:
530:
522:
519:
516:
446:
443:
440:
437:
431:
1130:ISO/IEC 10646 (Universal Character Set)
1024:"FAQ – UTF-8, UTF-16, UTF-32 & BOM"
755:
289:Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)
180:UTF-7 (according to its RFC) isn't a "
20:
7:
1631:International Components for Unicode
1580:Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR)
361:Other characters must be encoded in
544:Algorithm for encoding and decoding
4040:Norwegian and Danish (alternative)
2612:Mathematical operators and symbols
662:0000 0000 1010 0011 ≡ 0x00A3 ≡ 163
420:". The Unicode code point for the
239:has a disadvantage of making even
14:
693:table of Unicode byte order marks
655:0000000010100011 0010000000100000
594:Concatenate the binary sequences:
4697:
4696:
2653:
2652:
2642:
2641:
2624:Phonetic symbols (including IPA)
4484:Digital encoding of APL symbols
4419:Comparison of Unicode encodings
2937:Proposed but not approved
834:. 1 August 1998. Archived from
744:Comparison of Unicode encodings
4726:Unicode Transformation Formats
810:"12.2.3.3 Character encodings"
792:"8.2.2.3. Character encodings"
424:is U+00A3 which converts into
1:
1564:International Ideographs Core
1374:International Ideographs Core
1315:Alias names and abbreviations
952:In modified UTF-7, printable
278:recommended against its use.
182:Unicode Transformation Format
148:Unicode Transformation Format
53:Unicode Transformation Format
1786:CJK Unified Ideographs (Han)
1636:People involved with Unicode
878:Crispin, Mark (March 2003).
587:0x2020 → 0010 0000 0010 0000
582:0x00A3 → 0000 0000 1010 0011
4656:Character encodings in HTML
3990:National Replacement (NRCS)
3957:Japanese language in EBCDIC
317:' ( ) , - . / : ?
4742:
1626:Ideographic Research Group
1621:ConScript Unicode Registry
330:and space (the characters
4694:
2637:
1649:
1506:Regional indicator symbol
1215:Combining grapheme joiner
884:. Network Working Group.
449:
320:
109:
4686:Variable-length encoding
4467:Miscellaneous code pages
3225:Extended Unix Code / EUC
2916:-15 (New Western Europe)
2712:Early telecommunications
2659:Category: Unicode blocks
1464:Compatibility characters
832:Internet Mail Consortium
723:marks can be encoded as
310:The Unicode Standard 5.0
276:Internet Mail Consortium
4613:C0 and C1 control codes
1384:Comparison of encodings
1310:Halfwidth and fullwidth
1165:Universal Character Set
154:text using a stream of
61:variable-width encoding
2861:-3 (Maltese/Esperanto)
2812:World System Teletext
2309:Inscriptional Parthian
1996:Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong
1658:and symbols in Unicode
1275:CJK Unified Ideographs
910:. Updated by RFC
850:"Configuration Manual"
557:have to be escaped as
4635:Whitespace characters
4312:Ventura International
2445:Old Persian cuneiform
2304:Inscriptional Pahlavi
2199:Ancient North Arabian
2194:Anatolian hieroglyphs
1484:Precomposed character
1320:Whitespace characters
1249:Zero-width non-joiner
946:. Obsoletes RFC
854:Dovecot Documentation
326:–U+007E except
4030:Norwegian and Danish
2264:Egyptian hieroglyphs
1469:Duplicate characters
1285:Duplicate characters
838:on 7 September 2015.
814:HTML Living Standard
713:cross-site scripting
71:Transforms / Encodes
4590:Unified Hangul Code
4262:PostScript Standard
3985:Multinational (MCS)
2856:-2 (Central Europe)
2851:-1 (Western Europe)
2705:Character encodings
2329:Khitan small script
1766:Canadian Aboriginal
1501:Variation sequences
1459:Combining character
1369:Variation sequences
1280:Combining character
23:
4721:Character encoding
4671:Hardware code page
4431:typesetting system
4267:PostScript Latin 1
3923:Cyrillic + Finnish
3830:Windows code pages
3712:IBM AIX code pages
3040:National standards
2971:Ukrainian Cyrillic
2569:Notational scripts
2520:Tagalog (Baybayin)
2229:Caucasian Albanian
1552:numeric references
1527:Domain names (IDN)
1347:Bidirectional text
1224:Right-to-left mark
1220:Left-to-right mark
1175:Character property
1125:Unicode Consortium
1005:Proposed Standard.
904:Proposed Standard.
771:docs.microsoft.com
707:Older versions of
202:Unicode Consortium
16:Character encoding
4708:
4707:
4661:Charset detection
4600:Control character
4282:Sharp calculators
4153:Casio calculators
4081:Platform specific
3933:Cyrillic + German
3928:Cyrillic + French
3346:Maltese/Esperanto
2982:Bibliographic use
2866:-4 (North Europe)
2798:T.51/ISO/IEC 6937
2756:Baudot and Murray
2671:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2648:Category: Unicode
1685:Punctuation marks
1667:inherited scripts
1573:Related standards
1547:entity references
1445:
1444:
1328:
1327:
1244:Zero-width joiner
1064:. 14 October 2011
796:HTML 5.1 Standard
709:Internet Explorer
541:
540:
416:" is encoded as "
405:" is encoded as "
396:Hello, World+ACE-
394:" is encoded as "
256:transfer encoding
138:
137:
65:stateful encoding
4733:
4700:
4699:
4192:DG International
4067:Special Graphics
3868:Extended Latin-8
3266:Central European
3256:Barents Cyrillic
2961:Barents Cyrillic
2931:-12 (Devanagari)
2927:Abandoned parts
2698:
2691:
2684:
2675:
2656:
2655:
2645:
2644:
2607:Control Pictures
2560:Zanabazar Square
2299:Imperial Aramaic
2182:historic scripts
1651:
1511:Emoji skin color
1337:
1254:Zero-width space
1198:
1185:Private Use Area
1170:Character charts
1104:
1097:
1090:
1081:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1042:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1020:
1014:
1003:
986:
984:10.17487/RFC9051
964:
958:
902:
893:
891:10.17487/RFC3501
875:
869:
868:
863:
861:
846:
840:
839:
824:
818:
817:
806:
800:
799:
788:
782:
781:
779:
777:
763:
730:
726:
722:
718:
686:
679:
666:
656:
649:
642:
619:
612:
605:
598:
588:
583:
568:
564:
560:
556:
432:
419:
415:
408:
404:
397:
393:
376:
372:
357:
349:
337:
333:
329:
325:
318:
264:quoted-printable
245:quoted-printable
175:quoted-printable
162:text for use in
130:
123:
116:
24:
4741:
4740:
4736:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4731:
4730:
4711:
4710:
4709:
4704:
4690:
4666:Han unification
4639:
4594:
4462:
4423:
4341:
4163:Compucolor 8001
4076:
4072:Technical (TCS)
3995:French Canadian
3966:
3942:
3938:Polytonic Greek
3824:
3706:
3390:
3376:Turkic Cyrillic
3291:Font X (Kermit)
3286:Farsi (Persian)
3238:
3229:
3201:
3035:
2977:
2847:Approved parts
2834:
2707:
2702:
2672:
2663:
2633:
2617:List by subject
2590:Symbols, emojis
2585:
2564:
2480:Psalter Pahlavi
2181:
2175:
2036:Pracalit (Newa)
1851:Hanifi Rohingya
1699:
1675:Combining marks
1666:
1659:
1645:
1641:Han unification
1604:
1568:
1515:
1451:
1441:
1378:
1324:
1258:
1202:Special purpose
1189:
1139:
1113:
1108:
1078:
1077:
1067:
1065:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1022:
1021:
1017:
966:
965:
961:
877:
876:
872:
859:
857:
848:
847:
843:
826:
825:
821:
808:
807:
803:
790:
789:
785:
775:
773:
765:
764:
757:
752:
740:
728:
724:
720:
716:
701:
684:
677:
673:
671:Byte order mark
665:
661:
660:
654:
653:
647:
646:
640:
639:
627:
622:
617:
616:
610:
609:
603:
602:
596:
595:
591:
586:
581:
566:
562:
558:
554:
551:
546:
528:Base64-Encoded
426:modified Base64
417:
413:
406:
402:
395:
391:
387:
374:
370:
367:modified Base64
355:
347:
327:
316:
297:
214:
134:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4739:
4737:
4729:
4728:
4723:
4713:
4712:
4706:
4705:
4702:Character sets
4695:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4647:
4645:
4644:Related topics
4641:
4640:
4638:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4626:
4625:
4620:
4610:
4608:Morse prosigns
4604:
4602:
4596:
4595:
4593:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4560:
4559:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4527:
4526:
4521:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4492:
4491:
4481:
4476:
4470:
4468:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4434:
4432:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4355:
4353:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4302:TI calculators
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4084:
4082:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4043:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4010:United Kingdom
4007:
4002:
3997:
3987:
3981:
3979:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3964:
3959:
3953:
3951:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3845:
3840:
3834:
3832:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3716:
3714:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3398:
3396:
3395:DOS code pages
3392:
3391:
3389:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3341:Latin (Kermit)
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3242:
3240:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3211:
3209:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2985:
2983:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2974:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2941:KOI-8 Cyrillic
2935:
2934:
2933:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2921:-16 (Romanian)
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2844:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2818:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2782:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2765:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2726:
2719:Telegraph code
2715:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2701:
2700:
2693:
2686:
2678:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2650:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2593:
2591:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2185:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2071:Sorang Sompeng
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1961:Miao (Pollard)
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1707:
1705:
1704:Modern scripts
1701:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1671:
1669:
1661:
1660:
1654:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1612:
1610:
1609:Related topics
1606:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1455:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1388:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1349:
1343:
1341:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1217:
1212:
1206:
1204:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1161:
1160:
1149:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1107:
1106:
1099:
1092:
1084:
1076:
1075:
1053:
1029:
1015:
959:
870:
841:
819:
801:
783:
754:
753:
751:
748:
747:
746:
739:
736:
715:attack as the
700:
697:
687:belong to the
672:
669:
668:
667:
663:
657:
650:
643:
626:
623:
621:
620:
613:
606:
599:
592:
590:
589:
584:
578:
574:
550:
547:
545:
542:
539:
538:
535:
532:
529:
525:
524:
521:
518:
515:
511:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
492:
489:
486:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
459:
456:
452:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
430:
429:
410:
407:1 +- 1 +AD0- 2
399:
386:
383:
354:be encoded as
296:
293:
225:character sets
213:
210:
136:
135:
133:
132:
125:
118:
110:
107:
106:
97:
93:
92:
87:
83:
82:
72:
68:
67:
50:
49:Classification
46:
45:
36:
32:
31:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4738:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4718:
4716:
4703:
4693:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4648:
4646:
4642:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4615:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4601:
4597:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4565:
4561:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4543:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4516:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4490:
4487:
4486:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4465:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4426:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4352:
4351:ISO/IEC 10646
4348:
4344:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4168:Compucolor II
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4123:Acorn RISC OS
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4079:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4052:8-bit Turkish
4050:
4048:
4045:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3945:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3853:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3831:
3827:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
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3698:
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3668:
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3500:
3498:
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3490:
3488:
3485:
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3475:
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3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
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3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
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3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3393:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3232:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3220:ISO/IEC 10367
3218:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3204:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2871:-5 (Cyrillic)
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2837:
2831:
2828:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2757:
2754:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2699:
2694:
2692:
2687:
2685:
2680:
2679:
2676:
2660:
2651:
2649:
2640:
2639:
2636:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2588:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2540:Tulu Tigalari
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2515:Sylheti Nagri
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2505:South Arabian
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2430:Old Hungarian
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2178:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1951:Mende Kikakui
1949:
1947:
1946:Masaram Gondi
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1931:Lisu (Fraser)
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1831:Gunjala Gondi
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
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1769:
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1764:
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1759:
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1754:
1752:
1749:
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1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1448:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1357:ISO/IEC 14651
1355:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1331:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1196:
1192:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1093:
1091:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1063:
1057:
1054:
1039:
1033:
1030:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1006:
1001:
998:
994:
990:
985:
980:
976:
972:
971:
963:
960:
957:
955:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
900:
897:
892:
887:
883:
882:
874:
871:
867:
855:
851:
845:
842:
837:
833:
829:
823:
820:
815:
811:
805:
802:
797:
793:
787:
784:
772:
768:
762:
760:
756:
749:
745:
742:
741:
737:
735:
732:
714:
710:
705:
698:
696:
694:
690:
681:
670:
658:
651:
644:
637:
636:
635:
632:
624:
614:
607:
600:
593:
585:
580:
579:
576:
575:
573:
570:
548:
543:
527:
526:
513:
512:
508:
505:
502:
499:
496:
493:
490:
487:
484:
481:
478:
475:
472:
469:
466:
463:
460:
457:
454:
453:
434:
433:
427:
423:
411:
400:
392:Hello, World!
389:
388:
384:
382:
380:
368:
364:
359:
353:
343:
341:
323:
313:
311:
306:
302:
294:
292:
290:
285:
283:
279:
277:
271:
269:
265:
261:
260:encoded words
257:
252:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
211:
209:
207:
203:
198:
195:
191:
187:
183:
178:
176:
172:
168:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
146:
142:
131:
126:
124:
119:
117:
112:
111:
108:
105:
101:
98:
94:
91:
88:
84:
80:
76:
75:ISO/IEC 10646
73:
69:
66:
62:
58:
54:
51:
47:
44:
40:
37:
33:
30:International
29:
25:
19:
4618:ISO/IEC 6429
4575:Stanford/ITS
4562:
4496:ARIB STD-B24
4363:
4277:Sega SC-3000
4178:DEC RADIX 50
3215:ISO/IEC 8859
3207:ISO/IEC 2022
2952:Adaptations
2911:-14 (Celtic)
2906:-13 (Baltic)
2896:-10 (Nordic)
2891:-9 (Turkish)
2840:ISO/IEC 8859
2395:Meetei Mayek
2346:(Chorasmian)
2249:Cypro-Minoan
2026:Pahawh Hmong
1841:Gurung Khema
1590:ISO/IEC 8859
1432:UTF-32/UCS-4
1427:UTF-16/UCS-2
1416:
1234:Variant form
1066:. Retrieved
1056:
1044:. Retrieved
1032:
1018:
1011:
1004:
969:
962:
951:
903:
880:
873:
865:
858:. Retrieved
853:
844:
836:the original
831:
822:
813:
804:
795:
786:
774:. Retrieved
770:
733:
706:
702:
688:
682:
674:
630:
628:
571:
552:
455:Bit pattern
379:hyphen-minus
360:
351:
344:
314:
309:
300:
298:
286:
280:
272:
253:
215:
199:
179:
140:
139:
96:Succeeded by
18:
4337:ZX Spectrum
4292:Sinclair QL
4128:Amstrad CPC
4047:8-bit Greek
3974:terminals (
3687:Iran System
3239:("scripts")
2886:-8 (Hebrew)
2876:-6 (Arabic)
2773:ISO/IEC 646
2581:SignWriting
2450:Old Sogdian
2420:Nandinagari
2344:Khwarezmian
2254:Dives Akuru
2180:Ancient and
2166:Warang Citi
2031:Pau Cin Hau
1986:New Tai Lue
1981:Nag Mundari
1956:Medefaidrin
1665:Common and
1474:Equivalence
1452:code points
1450:On pairs of
1364:Equivalence
1239:Word joiner
1229:Soft hyphen
1145:Code points
860:28 February
346:plus sign (
308:Standard.
295:Description
233:8-bit clean
86:Preceded by
57:ASCII armor
27:Language(s)
4715:Categories
4623:JIS X 0211
4531:ISO-IR-169
4384:UTF-EBCDIC
3950:code pages
3677:CSX+ Indic
3281:Devanagari
3236:Code pages
3157:LST 1590-4
3127:JIS X 0213
3122:JIS X 0212
3117:JIS X 0208
3112:JIS X 0201
3077:GOST 10859
2999:CCCII/EACC
2901:-11 (Thai)
2881:-7 (Greek)
2816:background
2739:Wabun/Kana
2475:Phoenician
2460:Old Uyghur
2455:Old Turkic
2440:Old Permic
2435:Old Italic
2385:Manichaean
2279:Glagolitic
2056:Saurashtra
1801:Devanagari
1680:Diacritics
1437:UTF-EBCDIC
1340:Algorithms
1333:Processing
1270:Characters
1194:Characters
1046:17 January
750:References
567:+AEA-+AEA-
435:Hex digit
422:pound sign
212:Motivation
90:HZ-GB-2312
4676:MICR code
4511:IEC-P27-1
4489:ISO-IR-68
4394:DIN 91379
4272:SAM Coupé
4207:GSM 03.38
4197:Galaksija
3692:Kamenický
3672:CSX Indic
3381:Ukrainian
3167:Shift JIS
3147:KS X 1002
3142:KS X 1001
3067:DIN 66003
3062:CNS 11643
2830:Transcode
2808:ITU T.101
2734:Non-Latin
2470:ʼPhags-pa
2465:Palmyrene
2415:Nabataean
2339:Khudawadi
2324:Kharosthi
2239:Cuneiform
2214:Bhaiksuki
2209:Bassa Vah
2076:Sundanese
2051:Samaritan
1966:Mongolian
1941:Malayalam
1906:Kirat Rai
1616:Anomalies
1600:ISO 15924
1595:DIN 91379
1496:Z-variant
1479:Homoglyph
1352:Collation
993:2070-1721
816:. WHATWG.
776:8 January
689:following
403:1 + 1 = 2
340:JIS-Roman
4681:Mojibake
4536:ISO 2033
4501:Fieldata
4479:ASMO 449
4389:GB 18030
4349: /
4297:Teletext
4287:Sharp MZ
4217:HP FOCAL
4212:HP Roman
4143:Atari ST
4133:Apple II
3667:CS Indic
3361:Romanian
3336:Keyboard
3316:Gurmukhi
3311:Gujarati
3301:Georgian
3276:Cyrillic
3271:Croatian
3246:Armenian
3152:LST 1564
3137:KPS 9566
3097:GB 18030
3092:GB 12052
3087:GB 12345
3072:ELOT 927
3006:ISO 5426
2966:Estonian
2803:ITU T.61
2793:Teletext
2789:Videotex
2763:Fieldata
2749:Cyrillic
2602:Currency
2576:Duployan
2550:Vithkuqi
2545:Ugaritic
2400:Meroitic
2370:Mahajani
2355:Linear B
2350:Linear A
2141:Tifinagh
2106:Tai Viet
2101:Tai Tham
2091:Tagbanwa
2006:Ol Chiki
1896:Kayah Li
1891:Katakana
1876:Javanese
1871:Hiragana
1861:Hanunuoo
1836:Gurmukhi
1826:Gujarati
1816:Georgian
1791:Cyrillic
1781:Cherokee
1746:Bopomofo
1726:Balinese
1721:Armenian
1585:GB 18030
1402:Punycode
1290:Numerals
1222: /
1135:Versions
954:US-ASCII
738:See also
699:Security
625:Decoding
549:Encoding
385:Examples
303:. This
282:8BITMIME
164:Internet
104:8BITMIME
35:Standard
4570:SEASCII
4564:Mojikyō
4551:KOI8-RU
4474:ABICOMP
4347:Unicode
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