119:
259:. Serumaga and Adimola enlisted themselves and trained as fighters at Tarime. In contrast to UNO's moderate contribution, Serumaga began to boast to the international press that UNO was training 2,000 guerrillas. These claims helped UNO to raise funds by the Tanzanians, Ugandan exiles, and international companies. There were also rumours about UNO being supported by Israel and the
214:, to murder Amin. The Israeli concluded that he would have to raise a commando unit of 200–300 mercenaries (dubbed the "Equatorial Brigade") for the assassination plan, and demanded $ 1.5 million in advance. UNO could not meet this price, but the rebels offered Bar-Lev any business deal he wanted once Amin was dead; Bar-Lev agreed to aid them in return for a promised
306:, Serumaga went back into exile. He consequently reactivated the Uganda Nationalist Organization, having reportedly seized a "missing arms depot". However, Serumaga unexpectedly died in 1980. In contrast, Adimola remained a prominent political figure during the following Ugandan governments, becoming vice-president of the
230:
When the Uganda–Tanzania War erupted in late 1978, UNO was internally divided and suffered from disputes among its leadership. One UNO leader, Andrew
Adimola, also headed the "Ugandan Redemption and Reconciliation Union" by this point. However, Serumaga and Adimola both refused offers by Obote to
222:. UNO ultimately raised $ 50,000 in advance payments and also covered the expensive hotel bills of Bar-Lev as well as his companions, but the Israeli colonel never actually delivered on his promises, and simply pocketed the money.
302:
was installed as the new
Ugandan President. Serumaga became one of his "lieutenants", rising to Minister of Commerce. When Lule was removed from office amid general political turmoil and replaced by
286:
to operate alongside the TPDF at the frontline. About 30 UNO militants were reportedly integrated into the "National Revolt", an Obote-associated rebel coalition. In March 1979, UNO joined the
191:, who had formerly served as a minister in Amin's government. The group claimed to serve as umbrella group for all Ugandan opposition groups who were not just anti-Amin, but also opposed to
705:
548:
247:(SUM). Despite its internal splits, UNO consequently recruited 50 militants who joined an exiled Ugandan rebel force that was trained to assist the Tanzanians against Amin's
338:
where they passed a resolution calling for the removal of Amin, the establishment of democracy in Uganda, and the restoration of Uganda's "national independence".
270:
supplied 50 militants for the operation. However, the boats were overcrowded, and one sank, resulting in 82 to 140 rebel fighters drowning. It was suspected that
793:
585:
739:
694:
673:
278:
had co-organized the raid. Ejalu and
Serumaga later sent another force across Lake Victoria, but all militants who reached the shore near
202:
Soon after its formation, UNO hatched a plan which culminated in "one of the most bizarre tales" of the period, according to journalists
266:
In
January 1979, 200 to 300 rebels from Tarime attempted to cross Lake Victoria to launch a raid into Uganda. Serumaga and SUM leader
252:
282:
were either killed or captured by Amin's security forces. The Tarime camp was consequently closed and its remaining rebels moved to
287:
105:
231:
join a rebel coalition which the ex-President was assembling following the war's start. In contrast, UNO joined a conference at
788:
196:
318:
The Uganda
Nationalist Organization was mainly composed of "politically conservative professionals" and was described as "
203:
240:
60:
248:
260:
757:
Nyhamar, Tore (2000). "How do norms work? A theoretical and empirical analysis of
African international relations".
307:
159:
163:
134:
683:
Horn, Andrew (2013) . "Individualism and community in the theatre of
Serumaga". In Frances Harding (ed.).
207:
150:) was a militant opposition group composed of politically conservative Ugandans who wanted to overthrow
327:
244:
188:
319:
155:
79:
180:
766:
745:
74:
735:
716:
690:
669:
331:
179:
The Uganda
Nationalist Organization was formed around 1978. Its initial leading members were
303:
251:. The UNO fighters and other insurgents were put through a military "crash course" by the
184:
34:
236:
782:
706:"Collapse, War and Reconstruction in Uganda. An analytical narrative on state-making"
283:
279:
271:
232:
661:
657:
267:
219:
192:
67:
729:
684:
470:
275:
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323:
299:
720:
334:. In January 1979, UNO joined other Ugandan exile groups at a conference in
211:
274:(which was loyal to Obote) had sabotaged the boat, although Obote loyalist
749:
151:
124:
770:
728:
Kasozi, A.B.K. (1994). Nakanyike Musisi; James
Mukooza Sejjengo (eds.).
335:
239:, to discuss a strategy to overthrow Amin. UNO attended alongside the
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215:
515:
513:
511:
509:
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450:
448:
363:
361:
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206:. The opposition group attempted to hire Bolka Bar-Lev, an
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and had become a leading member of the exiled opposition.
530:
528:
713:
Makerere
University Crisis States Working Papers Series
689:. Abingdon; New York City: Routledge. pp. 97–116.
623:
621:
619:
734:. Montreal; Quebec: McGill-Queen's University Press.
162:. UNO operated from 1978 to 1980, taking part in the
586:"Ugandans descend on Moshi to plan post-Amin regime"
290:, a large pro-Tanzanian coalition of rebel groups.
130:
112:
99:
85:
73:
59:
42:
28:
23:
549:"Ugandan Exiles Seek to Unite Forces Against Amin"
183:, ex-chairman of Uganda's Coffee Marketing Board,
195:. The latter had been Uganda's president before
731:Social Origins of Violence in Uganda, 1964–1985
471:"Andrew Adimola: Uganda's first black diplomat"
572:
8:
668:. Dar es Salaam: Tanzania Publishing House.
639:
610:
519:
500:
454:
439:
415:
403:
391:
379:
367:
704:Golooba-Mutebi, Frederick (January 2008).
20:
465:
463:
686:The Performance Arts in Africa: A Reader
427:
347:
103:"National Revolt" (loosely, early 1979)
759:International Journal of Peace Studies
534:
666:War in Uganda: The Legacy of Idi Amin
255:(TPDF) at a training camp located at
7:
627:
235:, organized by Tanzanian President
14:
794:Organizations established in 1978
16:Ugandan militant opposition group
288:Uganda National Liberation Front
117:
106:Uganda National Liberation Front
547:Honey, Martha (24 March 1979).
253:Tanzania People's Defence Force
144:Uganda Nationalist Organization
24:Uganda Nationalist Organization
1:
322:". Serumaga was a well-known
204:Tony Avirgan and Martha Honey
89:
52:
48:
241:Front for National Salvation
187:, a Ugandan playwright, and
810:
166:on the side of Tanzania.
640:Avirgan & Honey 1983
611:Avirgan & Honey 1983
520:Avirgan & Honey 1983
501:Avirgan & Honey 1983
455:Avirgan & Honey 1983
440:Avirgan & Honey 1983
416:Avirgan & Honey 1983
404:Avirgan & Honey 1983
392:Avirgan & Honey 1983
380:Avirgan & Honey 1983
368:Avirgan & Honey 1983
298:After Amin's overthrow,
75:Political position
789:Rebel groups in Uganda
208:Israel Defense Forces
293:
245:Save Uganda Movement
573:Golooba-Mutebi 2008
553:The Washington Post
226:Uganda–Tanzania War
164:Uganda–Tanzania War
160:Uganda in the 1970s
135:Uganda–Tanzania War
65:Ugandan nationalism
44:Dates of operation
741:978-0-7735-1218-4
696:978-0-415-26198-2
675:978-9976-1-0056-3
442:, pp. 73–74.
382:, pp. 33–43.
332:Kabaka of Buganda
294:After Amin's fall
140:
139:
108:(from March 1979)
801:
774:
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308:Democratic Party
158:and dictator of
131:Battles and wars
123:
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95:
91:
54:
50:
45:
21:
809:
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592:. 23 March 2019
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541:
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482:
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469:
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398:
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386:
378:
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366:
349:
344:
316:
304:Godfrey Binaisa
296:
228:
197:Amin's takeover
185:Robert Serumaga
177:
172:
118:
116:
104:
93:
66:
43:
37:
35:Robert Serumaga
33:
17:
12:
11:
5:
807:
805:
797:
796:
791:
781:
780:
776:
775:
754:
740:
725:
701:
695:
680:
674:
653:
651:
648:
645:
644:
632:
630:, p. 111.
615:
613:, p. 209.
603:
577:
565:
539:
537:, p. 125.
524:
505:
490:
459:
444:
432:
430:, p. 100.
420:
408:
396:
384:
372:
346:
345:
343:
340:
330:, the deposed
315:
312:
295:
292:
243:(FRONASA) and
237:Julius Nyerere
227:
224:
189:Andrew Adimola
176:
175:Early activity
173:
171:
168:
138:
137:
132:
128:
127:
114:
110:
109:
101:
97:
96:
87:
83:
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77:
71:
70:
63:
57:
56:
46:
40:
39:
38:Andrew Adimola
30:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
806:
795:
792:
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772:
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764:
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755:
751:
747:
743:
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733:
732:
726:
722:
718:
714:
707:
702:
698:
692:
688:
687:
681:
677:
671:
667:
663:
662:Honey, Martha
659:
658:Avirgan, Tony
655:
654:
649:
642:, p. 98.
641:
636:
633:
629:
624:
622:
620:
616:
612:
607:
604:
591:
590:Daily Monitor
587:
581:
578:
575:, p. 11.
574:
569:
566:
554:
550:
543:
540:
536:
531:
529:
525:
522:, p. 75.
521:
516:
514:
512:
510:
506:
503:, p. 74.
502:
497:
495:
491:
478:
477:
472:
466:
464:
460:
457:, p. 99.
456:
451:
449:
445:
441:
436:
433:
429:
424:
421:
418:, p. 96.
417:
412:
409:
406:, p. 73.
405:
400:
397:
394:, p. 46.
393:
388:
385:
381:
376:
373:
370:, p. 45.
369:
364:
362:
360:
358:
356:
354:
352:
348:
341:
339:
337:
333:
329:
326:, supporting
325:
321:
313:
311:
309:
305:
301:
291:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
272:Kikosi Maalum
269:
264:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
233:Dar es Salaam
225:
223:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
200:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
174:
169:
167:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
146:(abbreviated
145:
136:
133:
129:
126:
115:
111:
107:
102:
98:
88:
84:
81:
78:
76:
72:
69:
64:
62:
58:
47:
41:
36:
31:
27:
22:
19:
765:(2): 27–43.
762:
758:
730:
712:
685:
665:
635:
606:
594:. Retrieved
589:
580:
568:
556:. Retrieved
552:
542:
481:. Retrieved
474:
435:
428:Nyhamar 2000
423:
411:
399:
387:
375:
317:
297:
268:Ateker Ejalu
265:
229:
220:Karuma Falls
210:colonel and
201:
193:Milton Obote
181:Roger Makasa
178:
147:
143:
141:
94:(early 1978)
68:Conservatism
32:Roger Makasa
18:
650:Works cited
535:Kasozi 1994
276:Tito Okello
249:Uganda Army
783:Categories
750:j.ctt80drh
476:New Vision
342:References
324:monarchist
320:right-wing
300:Yusuf Lule
80:Right-wing
721:1749-1800
628:Horn 2013
558:2 January
328:Mutesa II
212:mercenary
156:President
771:41852876
664:(1983).
314:Ideology
152:Idi Amin
125:Tanzania
61:Ideology
596:11 July
483:11 July
336:Nairobi
218:at the
170:History
100:Part of
51:1978 –
29:Leaders
769:
748:
738:
719:
693:
672:
479:. 2020
284:Kagera
257:Tarime
216:casino
122:
113:Allies
767:JSTOR
746:JSTOR
715:(2).
709:(PDF)
280:Jinja
736:ISBN
717:ISSN
691:ISBN
670:ISBN
598:2021
560:2021
485:2021
142:The
86:Size
55:1980
310:.
261:CIA
148:UNO
92:50
785::
761:.
744:.
711:.
660:;
618:^
588:.
551:.
527:^
508:^
493:^
473:.
462:^
447:^
350:^
263:.
154:,
90:c.
53:c.
49:c.
773:.
763:5
752:.
723:.
699:.
678:.
600:.
562:.
487:.
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