379:. A series of electroshocks were able to return the patient to a normal state of mind. This experiment indicated that electric shock treatment may hold potential to improve the condition of patients diagnosed with specific diseases. Electric shock treatment quickly replaced insulin and Metrazol as the favourite form of shock treatment. Thereafter, in the succeeding years, Cerletti and his coworkers experimented with thousands of electroshocks in hundreds of animals and patients, and were able to determine its usefulness and safety in clinical practice, with several indications, such as in acute schizophrenia,
210:. In his early scientific studies, Cerletti mainly focused on common issues in the fields of histology and histopathology. He demonstrated how the nervous tissue reacts to different pathogenic stimuli in its own ways, making the histopathology of nervous tissue an independent category in the study of medicine. As a student, he conducted some research under several influential people studying in the Medicinal field at that time. He studied with the most eminent neurologists of his time, first in
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used for butchering cattle involved an electric shock to their heads. This would cause the cattle to go into seizures and fall down, making it easy to slit their throats. In that time period, people believed that seizures were essential in preventing schizophrenia, since many believed that those diagnosed with epilepsy were immune to the disorder. Cerletti reasoned that electric shock might be useful in humans as a treatment for schizophrenia.
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practice by injecting patients with a suspension of electroshocked pig brain. Although electroshocked pig brain therapy was used by a few psychiatrists in Italy, France and Brazil it did not become as popular as ECT, which soon replaced metrazol therapy all over the world because it was cheaper, less frightening and more convenient. Cerletti and Bini were nominated for a
364:. In Genoa, he used electric current to provoke repeatable, seizures in dogs and other animals. In these early experiments, many of the animals that were used ended up dying. In Rome, his assistant Lucio Bini realized a rudimental apparatus with a control panel that could safely be applied to humans.
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As a result of his experiments, which took him from the psychiatric hospital to the abattoir and the zoologic gardens, Cerletti developed a theory that ECT caused the brain to produce vitalising substances, which he called "agro-agonines" (from the Greek for extreme struggle). He put his theory into
174:. Electroconvulsive therapy is a therapy in which electric current is used to provoke a seizure for a short duration. This therapy is used in an attempt to treat certain mental disorders, and may be useful when other possible treatments have not, or cannot, cure the person of their mental disorder.
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with electroshock before being butchered. The story goes, that on his way home he stopped at a butcher shop. The shop didn't have the cut of meat that he wanted and he was told to walk back to the slaughter house behind the shop to have the cut made for him. At that slaughter house, the technique
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episodes, etc. His work was very influential, and ECT quickly spread out as a therapeutic procedure all over the world. Despite the fact that it does evoke a grand mal seizure marked by a stereotyped succession of events. Cerletti was noted to be the first person to deliver a stress treatment in
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troops in order to reduce visibility during the First World War. He also invented artillery missiles with delayed-action fuses. These were used by the
Italian and French armies in order to create mine fields between enemy positions.
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Today, ECT is most often recommended for use as a treatment for severe depression that has not responded to other treatment. It is occasionally also used in the treatment of mania and catatonia.
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Cerletti came to the use of electroshock for therapeutic purposes in humans by way of many experiments with animals on the neuropathological consequences of repeated
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In his long activity as a psychiatrist and neurologist, Cerletti published 113 original papers, about the pathology of
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Cerletti 1877–1963. The British Journal of Psychiatry (1964) 110: 599–600 doi: 10.1192/bjp.110.467.599
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After his studies, he was appointed head of the
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Away from his medical work, Cerletti is credited with introducing the idea of white uniforms for
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KaIinowsky, L. B.(1964). Ugo
Cerletti, 1877–1963: Comprehensive Psychiatry, 5 (1), pg. 64–65
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Sirgiovanni, Elisabetta; Aruta, Alessandro (2020). "From the
Madhouse to the Docu-Museum".
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would eventually be largely replaced by the less cumbersome electrical method of
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Italian
Psychiatry in an International Context: Ugo Cerletti and the Case of Electroshock
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Kalinowsky, L. (1964). Ugo
Cerletti, 1877–1963. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 5(1), 64–65.
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Vittorio
Gnocchini, L'Italia dei Liberi Muratori, Erasmo ed., Roma, 2005, p. 67-68.
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Ugo
Cerletti 1877–1963. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1999 Apr;156(4):630-630.
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Ugo Cerletti 1877–1963. (1999). The American Journal of Psychiatry, 156(4), 630.
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Cerletti first used ECT in a human patient, a diagnosed schizophrenic with
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Cerletti's ECT machine preserved at Museo di Storia della Medicina in Rome
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Kalinowsky LB. 1964. Ugo cerletti, 1877–1963. Compr Psychiatry 5(1):64-5.
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The Great Physiodynamic Therapies in Psychiatry: an historical appraisal.
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for Physiology or Medicine for their work on the treatment in the 1930s.
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Ugo Cerletti and the discovery of Electroshock. An imaginary interview.
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The idea to use ECT in humans first came to Cerletti from watching
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Ugo Cerletti. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1999 Apr;156(4):630.
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Ugo Cerletti. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1999 Apr;156(4):630.
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Cerletti, U (1956). "Electroshock therapy". In AM Sackler
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Psichiatria Biologica e terapie da shock – Ugo Cerletti
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and confusion, in April 1938, in collaboration with
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162:(26 September 1877 – 25 July 1963) was an Italian
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277:(ECT) for the treatment of several kinds of
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446:Cerletti died in Rome on 25 July 1963.
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545:"Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)"
457:Rivista Sperimentale di Frenatria
686:New York: Hoeber-Harper, 91–120.
255:psychiatric hospital of Mombello
742:20th-century Italian inventors
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551:December 4,
394:Nobel Prize
244:Franz Nissl
164:neurologist
85:Nationality
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385:depression
377:Lucio Bini
325:drug, and
323:convulsant
289:in Italy.
240:Heidelberg
228:psychiatry
184:Conegliano
172:psychiatry
127:Psychiatry
99:Inventing
55:Conegliano
47:1877-09-26
417:neuroglia
369:delusions
283:freemason
265:, at the
204:neurology
119:Neurology
383:, major
347:syphilis
319:metrazol
192:Medicine
645:Nuncius
431:at the
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327:insulin
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682:(eds)
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403:Legacy
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553:2011
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