528:
were employed in government service or studying abroad and were born or otherwise permanently resident in
Ukraine could register as Ukrainian citizens within one year of the law's effective date (this deadline was extended several times until 31 December 1999). Registration eligibility was later expanded in 1997 to include any person who was not domiciled in Ukraine on 13 November 1991 but was born or permanently resident in the country and held no other foreign nationality. Any descendants of someone who registered as a Ukrainian citizen also received citizenship as part of this provision. Qualified individuals who failed to register by the end of 1999 nevertheless continue to be eligible for a facilitated acquisition of citizenship with no residence or language requirements.
541:(CIS) in 1992. Part of Russia's objectives in pursuing dual citizenship agreements with CIS member states in the 1990s was to provide Russians residing in the former Soviet Union with some sense of security from the Russian state so that they would be less likely to resettle in Russia during that period of prolonged economic crisis and restructuring. Ukraine and the other post-Soviet states were wary of Russia's intentions with extending citizenship to people within their borders and did not want to further expose themselves to Russian influence. Despite some support within the Russian
674:
on the loss of their
Ukrainian citizenship. Recognition of an individual's overseas residence requires the completion of an administrative process to become a legal non-resident of Ukraine. This process is typically only done when outgoing emigrants leave the country with the express intention of permanent settlement abroad and is difficult to complete for citizens who departed on non-immigrant visas. Ukrainians who did not undergo this process before settlement overseas and who no longer possess documentation for
496:. While the nationalists saw the future Ukrainian nation as a multinational state with a foundational core of ethnic Ukrainian citizens, the communists subscribed to a single pan-East Slavic identity that consisted of all Ukrainians, Russians, and Belarusians. The communists pushed for wording that emphasised ties to the rest of the Soviet Union, but the nationalists advocated for a stronger separation of Union and Ukrainian citizenships to accelerate the process towards independence.
47:
450:. Citizenship was held to be a unique relationship between a citizen and country, and any deviation from that was considered a violation of loyalty to the state, which led to a potential deprivation of citizenship. A 1981 Ukrainian Supreme Soviet decree allowed foreign citizens to acquire republican citizenship of the Ukrainian SSR (and consequently Soviet citizenship) but contained no mechanism for existing Soviet citizens to convert their existing republican citizenships.
3297:
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658:
on the basis of territorial origin. This right is extended to the children, grandchildren, full-blooded siblings and parents of the person who was born or resided in the territory of
Ukraine before 1991. This right is reserved to those who have renounced their previous citizenship or are citizens of a country that does not allow its citizens to renounce their citizenship, such as Argentina.
597:
they possessed within one year of registration. Individuals with half-siblings born or resident in the country also could register beginning in 2005, and the post-registration renunciation requirement was extended to two years as well. Former Soviet citizens permanently settled in
Ukraine after 13 November 1991 and whose Soviet passports were stamped with "citizen of Ukraine" by
625:, the 2001 reforms established limited recognition of dual citizenship in situations where a Ukrainian involuntarily acquired another nationality. This includes any Ukrainian who acquires foreign nationality: concurrently at the time of their birth, if they are adopted by foreign citizens, and through marriage to a foreign citizen spouse. Ukraine later signed the
577:. These treaties were concluded with the intention of preventing statelessness and dual citizenship. A person who had a close relative born or resident in a contracting state could acquire the citizenship of that other country and would automatically renounce that of their original state. These agreements had a marked effect on the return of formerly
410:
international norm and allowed Soviet women who married foreign men to retain their Soviet citizenship after marriage. Any imperial
Russian subjects who had permanently departed the Russian Empire before 7 November 1917 and had acquired foreign citizenship or applied for such status were deprived of Russian/Soviet citizenship by decree in 1933.
269:. The residence requirement could be reduced for individuals who performed an extraordinary service for the Russian state, were especially talented or highly skilled in a scientific field, or made significant investments in the empire. The term "citizenship" became introduced in this reform as a different name for the concept of subjecthood.
682:
conscription. Loss of citizenship under these conditions does not occur automatically. The
Ministry of Internal Affairs must formally present documentary evidence that individuals who fall under an applicable category already possesses a foreign nationality and all final decisions on deprivation must be approved by the
520:
allowing dual citizenship failed by only two votes in the legislature. The final version of the citizenship law that became effective on 13 November 1991 stated that dual citizenship would be allowed on bilateral agreement with another country, but no such treaty was ever signed. Having come into force prior to the
313:, prohibited dual citizenship, and required "registration of citizenship through the process of proving one's right to citizenship through witnesses." The legislation was vulnerable to "undemocratic" abuse, and many provisions were "incorrectly formulated" so as to make compliance impossible. Therefore, the
657:
Persons who are not citizens of
Ukraine but were born or permanently resided before August 24, 1991 on the land that later became the territory of modern day Ukraine, or was part of the territory of previous Ukrainian states such as the Ukrainian People’s Republic can also claim Ukrainian citizenship
536:
As a result of the Soviet Union's collapse, large numbers of ethnic
Russians became resident outside the boundaries of the Russian state. In order to give this population and other former Soviet citizens an opportunity to choose the country of their new affiliation, visa-free movement was established
527:
Any person who was a permanent resident of
Ukraine and held no other citizenship automatically became Ukrainian citizens on 13 November 1991. Individuals who were born in the country, or whose parent or grandparent was born in Ukraine, were also eligible to acquire citizenship. Overseas residents who
209:
in the late Soviet era used differing methods to delineate their new national constituencies, based largely on the majority ethnic composition of that polity. The post-Soviet
Ukrainian definition of national membership relies on a link to the territorial bounds of the modern state by birth, permanent
673:
Citizens who are permanently domiciled abroad can voluntarily relinquish their Ukrainian citizenship by making a declaration of renunciation, provided that the declarant already possesses another citizenship or a legal document from a foreign state specifying that another citizenship will be granted
645:
Individuals automatically receive Ukrainian citizenship at birth if at least one parent is a Ukrainian citizen, whether they are born within Ukraine or overseas. Children born in the country but do not acquire any citizenship from their parents at birth (or only acquire citizenship of a country from
596:
Ukraine's 2001 revision of its citizenship law further expanded access to citizenship. Registration eligibility was expanded to include any person who had a grandparent, parent, or full siblings born or domiciled in the country before 16 June 1990 provided that they renounced any other nationalities
469:
and greatly limited the circumstances in which this power would be exercised. Soviet citizenship could now only be deprived from individuals who enlisted in foreign militaries or other governmental bodies, permanently lived abroad and failed to register at a Soviet consulate for at least five years,
413:
The first piece of legislation governing solely on the issue of citizenship was the 1938 Soviet Citizenship Law, which provided a redefinition for who held Soviet citizenship. Unlike previous regulations which automatically granted citizenship to virtually all residents of the USSR, this law defined
193:
is not always clear in the English language and differs by country. Generally, nationality refers a person's legal belonging to a state and is the common term used in international treaties when referring to members of a state; citizenship refers to the set of rights and duties a person has in that
519:
to facilitate the maintenance of close political ties with Russia and the possibility of a future union state. However, the nationalists feared that the extension of Russian jurisdiction over Ukrainians through citizenship would undermine Ukraine's newfound independence. A motion to add provisions
272:
Russian women who married foreign men automatically lost Russian subject status. A formerly Russian widow or divorcée who lost had her Russian subject status through marriage could petition a provincial authority for restoration of that status. Other Russian subjects could separately apply for the
549:
Ukraine and Russia attempted several times to negotiate a dual citizenship arrangement during the 1990s and in 2004 but these ultimately ended with no agreement. Ukraine's non-recognition of dual citizenship was instead reinforced in domestic law by a 1996 constitutional amendment that stated the
409:
in which they were permanently resident, although republican citizenship was symbolic and held no substantive meaning. Standard regulations in other countries required wives and children to hold the same citizenship as the male head of the family. Soviet legislation deviated from the contemporary
689:
Between 2005 and mid-2017, 87,376 people lost Ukrainian citizenship. The vast majority of them lost citizenship voluntarily or under facilitated procedures for citizenship changes through bilateral agreements with other countries. Only 333 people were involuntarily stripped of their citizenship
838:
681:
Citizenship may be involuntarily deprived from individuals who acquire foreign citizenship without renouncing their Ukrainian citizenship, naturalized persons who fraudulently acquired Ukrainian citizenship, and those who voluntarily enter military service in another country without mandatory
492:, which established a separate citizenship from that of the Union. Requirements for this status were detailed in the 1991 citizenship law that defined the initial citizenry of the new state. Debate over this legislation in the Supreme Soviet was split between the nationalists and anti-reform
264:
Provincial governments held wide discretion in determining who could naturalize as Russian subjects until 10 February 1864, when the imperial government introduced a five-year residence requirement and shifted authority over naturalization from provincial authorities to the
626:
587:
in their previous country of residence effectively became stateless. The bilateral naturalisation agreements allowed a further 112,000 returnees to become Ukrainian citizens. Although proposed by Ukraine, Russia declined to participate in a similar bilateral arrangement.
328:
seized control in April and adopted a law based on the UPR's proposed changes on 2 July. This law claimed as citizens all Russian subjects who resided in Ukraine and did not formally reject Ukrainian citizenship. The UPR resumed power in December. The autonomous
666:, and renounce any foreign nationalities. The residence requirement is reduced to two years if an applicant is married to a Ukrainian citizen, or if they hold refugee or asylum status. Naturalization candidates have additionally been required to pass a
418:
in 1917 and had not subsequently lost Soviet citizenship, as well as those who had otherwise lawfully obtained citizenship. All other people resident in the USSR who neither held Soviet citizenship nor could prove foreign citizenship were treated as
608:
Although the original 1991 law largely prevented statelessness by including all permanent residents of Ukraine in the initial group of citizens, its failure to avert the same with the Crimean Tatar population prompted the involvement of the
152:
Any person born to at least one Ukrainian parent automatically receives Ukrainian citizenship at birth. Foreign nationals may naturalize after legally residing in the country for at least five years, demonstrating proficiency in the
545:
for automatically extending Russian citizenship to all former Soviet citizens, the legislature ultimately rejected this to prevent causing unnecessary tension. The agreement on CIS-wide free movement later expired in 2000.
176:
established separate citizenship laws. Although Ukrainians no longer hold Soviet citizenship, they remain eligible for facilitated naturalisation or a change of nationality in some other former Soviet republics.
661:
Foreigners may naturalize as Ukrainian citizens after living in the country for a continuous period of at least five years. Applicants must have been issued an immigration permit, demonstrate proficiency in the
390:
1486:
Bravi, Alessandra; Jureav, Alisher; Janjic, Aleksandra (2012). "The dynamics of labour mobility in Eastern Europe and Central Asia". In Werner, Jan; Sucky, Eric; Biethahn, Niels; Grube, Gerd (eds.).
550:
country's adherence to a single citizenship doctrine. A 1997 change to the citizenship law further removed the clause that allowed dual citizenship through bilateral agreement with another country.
442:, which established the principle that all Soviet citizens would enjoy protection abroad from the Soviet government, a new citizenship law was enacted on 1 December 1978. This law prohibited the
581:. Although about 150,000 former deportees had returned to Ukraine by 1991 and automatically became Ukrainian citizens at independence, those who entered the country after 1991 and had cancelled
465:, Soviet citizenship law was revised for a final time in 1990. The modified legislation transferred responsibility for citizenship deprivation from the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet to the
205:
rather than the population of a state. Soviet citizenship law was extremely permissive and allowed virtually any person in the world to become a Soviet citizen with no specific requirements.
2380:
84:
630:
1596:
614:
405:. Every person living within the borders of the USSR was a Soviet citizen unless they declared themselves as foreign citizens. Soviet citizens also held citizenship of the
266:
553:
Rather than endorse a dual citizenship scheme, Ukraine signed bilateral agreements in the late 1990s and 2000s that simplified the process of changing citizenships with
2016:
2322:
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3066:
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300:
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2367:
1926:
951:
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2376:
428:
1031:
1565:
Molodikova, Irina (2017). "The Transformation of Russian Citizenship Policy in the Context of European or Eurasian Choice: Regional Prospects".
2908:
2352:
2254:
2181:
598:
504:
483:
337:, saw citizenship legislation enacted on 8 April 1919. This law likewise conferred citizenship on everyone who belonged to one of the oblast's
277:. Any person who became a foreign subject or citizen without prior government approval could be punished by the deprivation of their rights or
3070:
1678:
1669:
1555:
1499:
1085:
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officials became included in the initial post-independence definition of Ukrainian citizens. Other former Soviet citizens who held Ukrainian
439:
402:
500:
351:
the territory as part of Poland in April 1920. In September of the same year, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the UPR, then in exile in
650:
are treated as if they were born to Ukrainian parents if their origin cannot be determined. A child who is adopted by or comes under the
2221:
386:
380:
364:
330:
3345:
2938:
2607:
2294:
622:
538:
3114:
3033:
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1996:
1058:
521:
479:
424:
169:
2191:
2171:
2071:
1919:
1840:
398:
296:
299:(UPR) established Ukrainian citizenship for the first time when it adopted citizenship laws on 2 and 4 March 1918, just as
3058:
2928:
2622:
2507:
2372:
2186:
2031:
1777:
1649:
466:
406:
290:
206:
3315:
1610:[Ukrainian international passports of citizens of the UPR (according to documents from Ukrainian archival and museum
3279:
2632:
2592:
2357:
1991:
583:
3149:
3104:
3023:
3018:
2998:
2943:
2933:
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2627:
2547:
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1986:
1832:
1719:
3099:
3076:
3013:
2993:
2953:
2837:
2812:
2807:
2637:
2612:
2517:
2452:
2442:
2432:
2422:
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2347:
2342:
2317:
2299:
2231:
2161:
2131:
2021:
1004:
867:
314:
274:
1404:"Zelenskyy signs law on obtaining Ukrainian citizenship: exam in Ukrainian history and Constitution now mandatory"
355:, stated in a letter that the Ukrainian State citizenship law remained valid. By November, the UPR had decisively
2852:
2827:
2782:
2777:
2727:
2652:
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2602:
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2407:
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2312:
2289:
2264:
2201:
2121:
2046:
2011:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1912:
238:
524:, this law retained a provision that explicitly gave Ukrainian citizens the right to retain Soviet citizenship.
356:
334:
3300:
3053:
2923:
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2732:
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2211:
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2101:
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2061:
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2041:
2036:
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2006:
1966:
1956:
232:
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residence, or close family connection. Any person who fell within that definition became part of the Ukrainian
2562:
3028:
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2958:
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2918:
2862:
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2817:
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2522:
2502:
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2226:
2216:
2151:
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2066:
2056:
2001:
1961:
348:
304:
258:
228:
122:
2677:
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3048:
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3003:
2903:
2847:
2832:
2767:
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2747:
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2617:
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2304:
2176:
2111:
2096:
2081:
376:
344:
165:
3109:
2867:
2822:
2787:
2772:
2742:
2597:
2527:
2284:
1590:
1491:
253:". During this time, there were no general requirements to become a Russian subject other than becoming
423:
persons. Citizenship could be deprived under this law as part of a court decision or by decree of the
3230:
3203:
3094:
2657:
1574:
683:
516:
447:
102:
3220:
3139:
2682:
1752:
46:
1880:
1804:
1764:
1731:
1698:
1690:
1539:
1522:
1509:
Filatova, Irina (1997). "Interpretations of the Dogma: Soviet Concepts of Nation and Ethnicity".
663:
173:
154:
1607:Українські закордонні паспорти громадян УНР (за документами архівних і музейних фондів України)
3261:
3213:
1836:
1821:
1795:
Srokowski, Stanislas; Kennedy, H.E. (1931). "The Ukrainian Problem in Poland: A Polish View".
1551:
1495:
1459:
1408:
910:
686:. The government rarely initiates this formal deprivation process due to its length and cost.
647:
627:
Council of Europe Convention on the Avoidance of Statelessness in Relation to State Succession
618:
558:
146:
678:(legal residency) are in practice barred from successfully renouncing Ukrainian citizenship.
414:
Soviet citizens as anybody who had been a Russian subject at the time of the founding of the
145:. The primary law governing these requirements is the law "On Citizenship of Ukraine", which
3144:
1870:
1781:
1756:
1723:
1682:
1653:
1627:
1578:
1543:
667:
646:
which a parent has fled from as a recognized refugee) are also Ukrainian citizens by birth.
508:
3225:
1935:
1605:
1016:
879:
325:
1403:
896:
273:
end of their subjecthood through the Ministry of Internal Affairs with approval from the
3329:
3256:
3156:
1875:
1858:
1816:
1632:
1518:
651:
512:
246:
54:
3339:
3286:
3235:
3167:
3119:
2709:
1884:
1768:
1727:
1702:
852:
420:
397:(USSR) in 1922. Citizenship regulations were restructured under the authority of the
360:
321:
250:
17:
3182:
394:
161:
1859:"Russia in the Post-Soviet Space: Dual Citizenship as a Foreign Policy Instrument"
1743:
Shevel, Oxana (2012). "The Politics of Citizenship Policy in Post-Soviet Russia".
1454:
64:
3240:
3198:
1710:
Shevel, Oxana (April 2009). "The Politics of Citizenship Policy in New States".
977:
Stakhiv, M.; Markus, V. (1957). Kubiyovych, Volodymyr; Hlobenko, Mykola (eds.).
461:
443:
190:
186:
1760:
574:
570:
566:
562:
542:
1457:[In 11 years, almost 90,000 Ukrainians have lost their citizenship].
202:
1582:
978:
446:
of Soviet citizens to any foreign jurisdiction and formally barred holding
352:
1547:
3208:
3174:
455:
309:
242:
1735:
1526:
1828:
1808:
1694:
554:
338:
278:
254:
142:
74:
1786:
1658:
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became exempt from obtaining permanent residency before naturalising.
432:
347:
occupied most of the Western Oblast's territory by July, and the UPR
211:
1686:
1904:
1899:
1611:
1648:
Salenko, Alexander (July 2012). Country report: Russia (Report).
435:
were stripped of Soviet citizenship by decree beginning in 1967.
261:
and swearing an oath of personal fealty to the Russian monarch.
1908:
1616:Наукові записки Національного університету «Острозька академія»
832:
830:
488:
In the waning days of the Union, the Ukrainian SSR adopted the
1776:
Shevel, Oxana (April 2013). Country report: Ukraine (Report).
901:[Law on Citizenship of the Ukrainian State of 1918].
141:
details the conditions by which a person holds nationality of
1455:"За 11 років громадянства позбавили майже 90 тисяч українців"
933:
931:
929:
927:
1667:
Sandifer, Durward V. (October 1936). "Soviet Citizenship".
532:
Citizenship arrangements with other former Soviet states
840:Закони про громадянство Української Народної Республіки
1620:
Scientific Notes of Ostroh Academy National University
1121:
1119:
891:
889:
631:
Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons
3313:
709:
707:
654:
of a Ukrainian citizen may also acquire citizenship.
160:
Ukraine was previously a constituent republic of the
898:Закон "Про громадянство Української Держави" 1918 р.
837:
Usenko, Ihor Borysovych (2005). Smoliy, V.A. (ed.).
615:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
3249:
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3132:
3085:
2986:
2876:
2703:
2696:
2465:
2390:
2247:
2240:
1949:
1942:
845:
Citizenship Laws of the Ukrainian People's Republic
116:
108:
98:
90:
80:
70:
60:
53:
31:
1820:
267:Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire
249:. The region was incorporated into the empire as "
1595:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
1511:Theoria: A Journal of Social and Political Theory
1317:
185:The distinction between the meaning of the terms
1869:(2). Foreign Policy Research Foundation: 10–37.
989:Енциклопедія українознавства. Словникова частина
785:
363:in 1921 between Poland, Soviet Russia, and the
245:(modern-day Ukraine) fell under control of the
35:
952:"Directory of the Ukrainian National Republic"
1920:
1567:Central and Eastern European Migration Review
611:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
157:, and renouncing any previous nationalities.
8:
3067:Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
635:Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness
416:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
303:recognized the UPR's independence under the
937:
621:in later revisions. In compliance with the
490:Declaration of State Sovereignty of Ukraine
474:Transition and immediate post-Soviet period
2700:
2244:
1946:
1927:
1913:
1905:
1281:
1269:
511:diminished greatly. The communists in the
470:or had fraudulently acquired citizenship.
45:
1874:
1785:
1657:
1631:
1622:]. Історичні науки (in Ukrainian).
1149:
1110:
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3320:
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1161:
1137:
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1233:
1221:
1209:
1197:
1125:
1012:
1002:
875:
865:
773:
761:
749:
713:
484:Declaration of Independence of Ukraine
28:
1797:The Slavonic and East European Review
1679:American Society of International Law
1670:American Journal of International Law
1032:"Western Ukrainian National Republic"
725:
440:1977 Constitution of the Soviet Union
403:1924 Constitution of the Soviet Union
359:the last of its territory, which was
7:
641:Acquisition and loss of citizenship
503:in Moscow and Ukraine's subsequent
387:Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
381:Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
1900:State Migration Service of Ukraine
1876:10.31278/1810-6374-2021-19-2-10-37
1633:10.25264/2409-6806-2018-27-213-219
1402:Mazurenko, Alona (21 April 2023).
623:European Convention on Nationality
539:Commonwealth of Independent States
25:
3323:
3296:
3295:
2017:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1728:10.5129/001041509X12911362972197
907:Pavlo Hai-Nyzhnyk: Personal Site
903:Павло Гай-Нижник: особистий сайт
629:in 2006 and acceded to both the
3162:Birth aboard aircraft and ships
1318:Bravi, Jureav & Janjic 2012
1086:"Ukrainian-Soviet War, 1917–21"
592:Policies in independent Ukraine
522:dissolution of the Soviet Union
480:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
425:Presidium of the Supreme Soviet
170:dissolution of the Soviet Union
2999:Federated States of Micronesia
2363:St. Vincent and the Grenadines
1604:Petrychenko, Kateryna (2018).
1488:Mobility in a Globalised World
991:. Vol. 2. pp. 445–46
333:, whose territory remained in
1:
1778:European University Institute
1650:European University Institute
1585:(inactive 13 September 2024).
1536:Citizenship in a Global World
851:(in Ukrainian). Vol. 3.
467:President of the Soviet Union
291:Ukrainian War of Independence
223:Ukraine under Imperial Russia
3280:British Overseas Territories
1463:(in Ukrainian). 31 July 2017
1057:Chojnowski, Andrzej (1993).
849:Енциклопедія історії України
786:Srokowski & Kennedy 1931
690:during this period of time.
599:Ministry of Internal Affairs
453:During the reform period of
431:who permanently migrated to
3150:Renunciation of citizenship
1833:University of Toronto Press
1720:City University of New York
1534:Kondo, Atushi, ed. (2001).
1084:Zhukovsky, Arkadii (1993).
515:shifted towards supporting
505:Declaration of Independence
371:Constituent Soviet republic
341:and who did not reject it.
297:Ukrainian People's Republic
3362:
1761:10.2747/1060-586X.28.1.111
477:
438:Following adoption of the
401:following adoption of the
374:
288:
226:
3346:Ukrainian nationality law
3275:
1857:Zevelev, Igor A. (2021).
331:Western Oblast of the UPR
239:Third Partition of Poland
164:and local residents were
139:Ukrainian nationality law
128:
121:
44:
36:
32:On Citizenship of Ukraine
1997:Central African Republic
1863:Russia in Global Affairs
1615:
1606:
1030:Stakhiv, Matvii (1993).
988:
979:
950:Stakhiv, Matvii (1984).
902:
897:
848:
839:
233:Russification of Ukraine
37:Про громадянство України
3095:Commonwealth of Nations
1090:Encyclopedia of Ukraine
1063:Encyclopedia of Ukraine
1036:Encyclopedia of Ukraine
956:Encyclopedia of Ukraine
579:deported Crimean Tatars
305:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
259:Russian Orthodox Church
241:in 1795, nearly all of
229:Russian citizenship law
197:In the Soviet context,
123:Constitution of Ukraine
2909:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1583:10.17467/ceemr.2017.15
909:] (in Ukrainian).
507:, the likelihood of a
377:Soviet nationality law
307:. The laws instituted
3292:Partially recognized.
2157:São Tomé and Príncipe
1548:10.1057/9780333993880
1492:University of Bamberg
1368:, pp. 13, 15–16.
670:since 21 April 2023.
509:reformed Soviet Union
448:multiple citizenships
285:Revolutionary Ukraine
279:banishment to Siberia
201:was used to describe
18:Ukrainian citizenship
3231:Second-class citizen
3204:Multiple citizenship
2673:United Arab Emirates
2307:(Kingdom of Denmark)
1753:Taylor & Francis
1712:Comparative Politics
1575:University of Warsaw
1013:|trans-website=
876:|trans-website=
399:All-Union government
317:planned a revision.
103:President of Ukraine
3221:Permanent residency
3140:Loss of citizenship
3115:Caribbean Community
2368:Trinidad and Tobago
2353:St. Kitts and Nevis
2255:Antigua and Barbuda
1745:Post-Soviet Affairs
1308:, pp. 124–127.
1284:, pp. 103–104.
1059:"Warsaw, Treaty of"
788:, pp. 588–589.
764:, pp. 278–279.
335:dispute with Poland
117:Related legislation
2295:Dominican Republic
1823:Ukraine: A History
1540:Palgrave Macmillan
664:Ukrainian language
652:legal guardianship
648:Abandoned children
174:post-Soviet states
155:Ukrainian language
85:3rd Verkhovna Rada
71:Territorial extent
3311:
3310:
3285:Open border with
3128:
3127:
2982:
2981:
2461:
2460:
2381:US Virgin Islands
2308:
2032:Equatorial Guinea
1557:978-0-333-80266-3
1501:978-3-86309-063-0
1460:Ukrayinska Pravda
1444:, pp. 10–12.
1432:, pp. 17–18.
1409:Ukrayinska Pravda
1356:, pp. 14–16.
1332:, pp. 20–21.
1296:, pp. 19–20.
1005:cite encyclopedia
911:Pavlo Hai-Nyzhnyk
868:cite encyclopedia
619:Council of Europe
149:on 1 March 2001.
136:
135:
16:(Redirected from
3353:
3328:
3327:
3326:
3319:
3299:
3298:
3145:Denaturalization
3034:Papua New Guinea
3019:Marshall Islands
2701:
2306:
2245:
1947:
1936:Nationality laws
1929:
1922:
1915:
1906:
1888:
1878:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1827:(3rd ed.).
1826:
1812:
1791:
1789:
1772:
1739:
1706:
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1010:
1008:
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996:
974:
968:
967:
965:
963:
947:
941:
938:Petrychenko 2018
935:
922:
921:
919:
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893:
884:
883:
877:
873:
871:
863:
861:
859:
834:
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789:
783:
777:
771:
765:
759:
753:
747:
741:
735:
729:
723:
717:
711:
668:citizenship test
517:dual citizenship
168:. Following the
49:
40:
39:
38:
29:
21:
3361:
3360:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3324:
3322:
3314:
3312:
3307:
3271:
3245:
3226:Right of return
3187:
3124:
3087:
3081:
3044:Solomon Islands
2978:
2944:Northern Cyprus
2939:North Macedonia
2872:
2707:
2692:
2457:
2386:
2236:
1938:
1933:
1896:
1891:
1856:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1817:Subtelny, Orest
1815:
1803:(27): 588–597.
1794:
1775:
1742:
1709:
1687:10.2307/2191124
1666:
1647:
1638:
1636:
1626:(27): 213–219.
1617:
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1312:
1304:
1300:
1292:
1288:
1282:Molodikova 2017
1280:
1276:
1270:Molodikova 2017
1268:
1264:
1260:, pp. 6–7.
1256:
1252:
1248:, pp. 3–5.
1244:
1240:
1232:
1228:
1220:
1216:
1208:
1204:
1200:, pp. 3–4.
1196:
1192:
1184:
1180:
1176:, pp. 6–7.
1172:
1168:
1164:, pp. 5–6.
1160:
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894:
887:
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864:
857:
855:
850:
841:
836:
835:
828:
820:
816:
812:, pp. 3–4.
808:
804:
796:
792:
784:
780:
772:
768:
760:
756:
748:
744:
736:
732:
728:, pp. 2–3.
724:
720:
712:
705:
701:
696:
643:
594:
537:throughout the
534:
486:
476:
391:founding member
383:
373:
326:Ukrainian State
315:Central Council
293:
287:
235:
225:
220:
207:Union Republics
183:
166:Soviet citizens
147:came into force
94:18 January 2001
34:
33:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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3195:
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3164:
3157:Naturalization
3154:
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3147:
3136:
3134:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3117:
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3110:Nordic Council
3107:
3102:
3100:European Union
3097:
3091:
3089:
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3063:American Samoa
3056:
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2877:Rest of Europe
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2743:Czech Republic
2740:
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2714:
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2705:European Union
2698:
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2224:
2222:Western Sahara
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
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2169:
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2069:
2064:
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2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2012:Congo Republic
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1953:
1951:
1944:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1924:
1917:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1895:
1894:External links
1892:
1890:
1889:
1854:
1841:
1813:
1792:
1773:
1740:
1707:
1664:
1645:
1601:
1562:
1556:
1531:
1519:Berghahn Books
1506:
1500:
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1236:, p. 283.
1226:
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1212:, p. 281.
1202:
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1142:
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1103:
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513:Verkhovna Rada
499:Following the
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237:Following the
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3287:Schengen Area
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3168:Ius sanguinis
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3120:African Union
3118:
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3113:
3111:
3108:
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3101:
3098:
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3092:
3090:
3088:organizations
3086:International
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3059:United States
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1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1651:
1646:
1634:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1613:
1609:
1602:
1598:
1592:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1563:
1559:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1507:
1503:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1483:
1478:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1450:
1447:
1443:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1423:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1398:
1395:
1392:, p. 10.
1391:
1386:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1362:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1347:
1344:, p. 12.
1343:
1338:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1323:
1320:, p. 14.
1319:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1275:
1272:, p. 99.
1271:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1150:Sandifer 1936
1146:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1131:
1127:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1111:Subtelny 2000
1107:
1104:
1092:. Vol. 5
1091:
1087:
1080:
1077:
1065:. Vol. 5
1064:
1060:
1053:
1050:
1038:. Vol. 5
1037:
1033:
1026:
1023:
1018:
1006:
986:
982:
973:
970:
958:. Vol. 1
957:
953:
946:
943:
939:
934:
932:
930:
928:
924:
912:
908:
900:
892:
890:
886:
881:
869:
854:
853:Naukova Dumka
846:
842:
833:
831:
827:
823:
818:
815:
811:
806:
803:
799:
794:
791:
787:
782:
779:
775:
770:
767:
763:
758:
755:
751:
746:
743:
740:, p. 95.
739:
738:Filatova 1997
734:
731:
727:
722:
719:
715:
710:
708:
704:
698:
693:
691:
687:
685:
679:
677:
671:
669:
665:
659:
655:
653:
649:
640:
638:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
606:
604:
600:
591:
589:
586:
585:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
551:
547:
544:
540:
531:
529:
525:
523:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
497:
495:
491:
485:
481:
473:
471:
468:
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458:
457:
451:
449:
445:
441:
436:
434:
430:
426:
422:
417:
411:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
382:
378:
370:
368:
366:
365:Ukrainian SSR
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
340:
336:
332:
327:
323:
318:
316:
312:
311:
306:
302:
301:Soviet Russia
298:
292:
284:
282:
280:
276:
270:
268:
262:
260:
256:
252:
251:Little Russia
248:
244:
240:
234:
230:
222:
217:
215:
213:
208:
204:
200:
195:
192:
188:
180:
178:
175:
172:in 1991, all
171:
167:
163:
158:
156:
150:
148:
144:
140:
131:
127:
124:
120:
115:
111:
107:
104:
101:
97:
93:
89:
86:
83:
79:
76:
73:
69:
66:
63:
59:
56:
52:
48:
43:
30:
27:
19:
3301:
3267:Soviet Union
3262:Ancient Rome
3257:Nazi Germany
3183:Repatriation
3173:
3166:
3133:By procedure
2968:
2668:Turkmenistan
2623:Saudi Arabia
2187:South Africa
2172:Sierra Leone
1977:Burkina Faso
1943:By continent
1866:
1862:
1846:. Retrieved
1822:
1800:
1796:
1748:
1744:
1715:
1711:
1674:
1668:
1637:. Retrieved
1623:
1619:
1591:cite journal
1570:
1566:
1535:
1514:
1510:
1487:
1465:. Retrieved
1458:
1449:
1437:
1425:
1413:. Retrieved
1407:
1397:
1385:
1380:, p. 9.
1373:
1361:
1349:
1337:
1330:Zevelev 2021
1325:
1313:
1301:
1294:Zevelev 2021
1289:
1277:
1265:
1253:
1241:
1229:
1224:, p. 4.
1217:
1205:
1193:
1188:, p. 7.
1186:Salenko 2012
1181:
1174:Salenko 2012
1169:
1162:Salenko 2012
1157:
1145:
1140:, p. 5.
1138:Salenko 2012
1133:
1128:, p. 3.
1106:
1094:. Retrieved
1089:
1079:
1067:. Retrieved
1062:
1052:
1040:. Retrieved
1035:
1025:
993:. Retrieved
984:
980:Громадянство
972:
960:. Retrieved
955:
945:
914:. Retrieved
906:
856:. Retrieved
844:
824:, p. 4.
822:Salenko 2012
817:
810:Salenko 2012
805:
800:, p. 3.
798:Salenko 2012
793:
781:
769:
757:
745:
733:
721:
716:, p. 7.
688:
680:
675:
672:
660:
656:
644:
607:
602:
595:
582:
552:
548:
535:
526:
498:
487:
460:
454:
452:
437:
412:
395:Soviet Union
384:
343:
319:
308:
294:
271:
263:
236:
198:
196:
184:
162:Soviet Union
159:
151:
138:
137:
129:
112:1 March 2001
26:
3241:Travel visa
3199:Citizenship
3024:New Zealand
2868:Switzerland
2823:Netherlands
2633:South Korea
2613:Philippines
2593:North Korea
2473:Afghanistan
2377:Puerto Rico
2300:El Salvador
2192:South Sudan
2077:Ivory Coast
1848:19 February
1755:: 111–147.
1722:: 273–291.
1681:: 614–631.
1442:Shevel 2013
1430:Shevel 2013
1390:Shevel 2013
1378:Shevel 2013
1366:Shevel 2013
1354:Shevel 2013
1342:Shevel 2013
1306:Shevel 2012
1258:Shevel 2013
1246:Shevel 2013
1234:Shevel 2009
1222:Shevel 2013
1210:Shevel 2009
1198:Shevel 2013
1126:Shevel 2013
985:Citizenship
774:Shevel 2009
762:Shevel 2009
750:Shevel 2009
714:Shevel 2013
501:August Coup
462:perestroika
444:extradition
429:Soviet Jews
339:communities
199:nationality
191:nationality
187:citizenship
181:Terminology
2954:San Marino
2934:Montenegro
2899:Azerbaijan
2813:Luxembourg
2678:Uzbekistan
2648:Tajikistan
2553:Kyrgyzstan
2548:Kazakhstan
2508:East Timor
2483:Bangladesh
2305:Greenland
2280:Costa Rica
2182:Somaliland
2167:Seychelles
2132:Mozambique
2117:Mauritania
2102:Madagascar
2057:The Gambia
1992:Cape Verde
1842:0802083900
1787:1814/19641
1659:1814/60230
1639:20 January
1577:: 98–119.
1521:: 94–120.
1096:21 January
1069:22 January
1042:22 January
995:21 January
962:22 January
858:21 January
726:Kondo 2001
694:References
617:, and the
575:Uzbekistan
571:Tajikistan
567:Kyrgyzstan
563:Kazakhstan
543:State Duma
494:communists
478:See also:
375:See also:
349:recognized
289:See also:
255:christened
227:See also:
3192:By result
2994:Australia
2808:Lithuania
2638:Sri Lanka
2628:Singapore
2608:Palestine
2518:Indonesia
2453:Venezuela
2398:Argentina
2358:St. Lucia
2343:Nicaragua
2318:Guatemala
2122:Mauritius
1885:238032672
1769:144918332
1703:246003387
1614:)].
1015:ignored (
916:1 January
878:ignored (
699:Citations
684:President
637:in 2013.
421:stateless
389:became a
203:ethnicity
109:Commenced
3340:Category
3302:Category
3214:Internal
3209:Passport
3175:Ius soli
3105:Mercosur
3014:Kiribati
2853:Slovenia
2848:Slovakia
2838:Portugal
2728:Bulgaria
2658:Thailand
2603:Pakistan
2578:Mongolia
2573:Malaysia
2498:Cambodia
2443:Suriname
2433:Paraguay
2418:Colombia
2328:Honduras
2290:Dominica
2265:Barbados
2241:Americas
2232:Zimbabwe
2202:Tanzania
2047:Ethiopia
2042:Eswatini
2022:Djibouti
1987:Cameroon
1972:Botswana
1819:(2000).
1736:40599225
1527:41802081
1415:21 April
987:].
847:].
676:propiska
603:propiska
584:propiska
456:glasnost
324:-backed
310:jus soli
243:Ruthenia
194:nation.
65:2235-III
61:Citation
3330:Ukraine
3250:Defunct
3077:Vanuatu
2987:Oceania
2969:Ukraine
2924:Moldova
2914:Georgia
2904:Belarus
2894:Andorra
2889:Armenia
2884:Albania
2843:Romania
2788:Ireland
2783:Iceland
2778:Hungary
2768:Germany
2758:Finland
2753:Estonia
2748:Denmark
2733:Croatia
2723:Belgium
2718:Austria
2683:Vietnam
2583:Myanmar
2568:Lebanon
2478:Bahrain
2448:Uruguay
2423:Ecuador
2403:Bolivia
2333:Jamaica
2313:Grenada
2260:Bahamas
2212:Tunisia
2177:Somalia
2162:Senegal
2147:Nigeria
2137:Namibia
2127:Morocco
2092:Liberia
2087:Lesotho
2037:Eritrea
2007:Comoros
1982:Burundi
1957:Algeria
1829:Toronto
1809:4202562
1695:2191124
1479:Sources
1467:1 March
559:Georgia
555:Belarus
393:of the
361:divided
275:Emperor
257:by the
218:History
143:Ukraine
132:Amended
130:Status:
75:Ukraine
3316:Portal
3054:Tuvalu
2964:Turkey
2959:Serbia
2949:Russia
2929:Monaco
2919:Kosovo
2863:Sweden
2833:Poland
2828:Norway
2798:Latvia
2773:Greece
2763:France
2738:Cyprus
2697:Europe
2663:Turkey
2653:Taiwan
2558:Kuwait
2543:Jordan
2533:Israel
2493:Brunei
2488:Bhutan
2428:Guyana
2408:Brazil
2348:Panama
2338:Mexico
2275:Canada
2270:Belize
2227:Zambia
2217:Uganda
2152:Rwanda
2107:Malawi
2067:Guinea
1962:Angola
1950:Africa
1883:
1839:
1807:
1767:
1734:
1701:
1693:
1554:
1525:
1517:(90).
1498:
573:, and
433:Israel
427:. All
353:Tarnów
345:Poland
322:German
212:nation
91:Passed
3049:Tonga
3039:Samoa
3029:Palau
3009:Nauru
2858:Spain
2818:Malta
2793:Italy
2688:Yemen
2643:Syria
2618:Qatar
2588:Nepal
2538:Japan
2513:India
2503:China
2413:Chile
2391:South
2323:Haiti
2248:North
2197:Sudan
2142:Niger
2097:Libya
2082:Kenya
2062:Ghana
2052:Gabon
2027:Egypt
1967:Benin
1881:S2CID
1805:JSTOR
1765:S2CID
1751:(1).
1732:JSTOR
1718:(3).
1699:S2CID
1691:JSTOR
1677:(4).
1618:[
1612:fonds
1573:(1).
1523:JSTOR
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3071:Guam
3004:Fiji
2708:and
2598:Oman
2563:Laos
2528:Iraq
2523:Iran
2466:Asia
2438:Peru
2285:Cuba
2207:Togo
2112:Mali
2002:Chad
1850:2021
1837:ISBN
1641:2021
1597:link
1552:ISBN
1496:ISBN
1469:2022
1417:2023
1098:2021
1071:2021
1044:2021
1017:help
997:2021
964:2021
918:2021
880:help
860:2021
633:and
482:and
459:and
385:The
379:and
357:lost
320:The
295:The
231:and
189:and
1871:doi
1782:hdl
1757:doi
1724:doi
1683:doi
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1628:doi
1579:doi
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