1034:
401:
1063:
417:
944:
73:
965:
900:
51:
1844:
1146:, the expression "kissing's out of fashion when the gorse is out of blossom" is a traditional jest, as common gorse is thought to be always in bloom. Sprigs of gorse—or rather, furze, as it was usually known in the West Country—were a traditional gift between young lovers on May Day, when the blossom is at its peak.
993:
As fodder, gorse is high in protein and may be used as feed for livestock, particularly in winter, when other greenstuff is not available. Traditionally, it was used as fodder for horses and cattle, being made palatable either by bruising (crushing) with hand-held mallets, grinding it to a moss-like
960:
Gorse readily becomes a dominant plant in suitable conditions. Where this is undesirable for agricultural or ecological reasons, control is required either to remove gorse completely, or to limit its extent. Gorse-stands are often managed by regular burning or flailing, allowing them to regrow from
1731:
We have tried different woods as fuel to see which is most efficient and our favourite is dead gorse, collected locally and a dominant species on the sandy soils in this area. Analysis of woods used in the Roman salt industry that took place on the estuary a mile away shows they were using the same
821:
plant, well adapted to encourage and withstand fires, being highly flammable and having seed pods that are, to a large extent, opened by fire: thus allowing rapid regeneration after fire. The burnt stumps will readily sprout new growth from the roots. Where fire is excluded, gorse soon tends to be
1130:
say: "They flare up like a furzebush in the flames, but if for a short space you may abide the heat of it, then there is a chance that it may be cooler ... If the Welsh be like the furze fire, then, pardieu! the Scotch are the peat, for they will smolder and you will never come to the end of
412:
Common gorse flowers a little in late autumn and through the winter, coming into flower most strongly in spring. Western gorse and dwarf furze flower in late summer (August–September in
Ireland and Great Britain). Between the different species, some gorse is nearly always in flower, hence the old
1029:
Gorse wood has been used to make small objects; being non-toxic, it is especially suited for cutlery. In spite of its durability, it is not used for construction because the plant is too small and its wood is unstable, being prone to warping. Gorse is useful for garden ornaments, because it is
369:): it's the only species native to much of western Europe, where it grows in sunny sites and usually on dry, sandy soils. It is also the largest species, reaching 2–3 m (7–10 ft) in height; this compares with typically 20–40 cm (8–16 in) heights for the western gorse (
825:
Gorse thrives in poor growing areas and conditions, including drought; it is sometimes found on very rocky soils, where many species cannot thrive. Moreover, it is widely used for land reclamation (e.g. mine tailings), where its
927:
In many areas of North
America (notably California and Oregon), southern South America, Australia, New Zealand and Hawaii, the common gorse—originally introduced as an ornamental plant or hedge—has become an
413:
country saying: "When gorse is out of blossom, kissing's out of fashion". Gorse flowers have a distinctive coconut-like scent, experienced very strongly by some individuals but only weakly by others.
1715:
1430:
Ainouche, Abdelkader; Bayer, Randall J.; Cubas, Paloma; Misset, Marie-Thérèse (2003). "Phylogenetic relationships within tribe
Genisteae (Papilionoideae) with special reference to genus
1326:
833:
Gorse is a valuable plant for wildlife, providing dense, thorny cover that's ideal for protecting bird nests. In
Britain, France and Ireland, it is particularly noted for supporting
1248:
2095:
299:, and like them, it has green stems, very small leaves and is adapted to dry growing conditions. However, it differs from the brooms in its extreme thorniness, the
1449:
Fonseca, J.P.; Pereira, A.; Robalo, J.I.; Neto, C.; Costa, J.C. (20 January 2021). "Ribosomal DNA revealed an extensive role of allopolyploidy in the radiation of
2134:
2298:
1866:
1595:
922:
1033:
822:
shaded out by taller-growing trees, unless other factors, such as exposure, also apply. Typical fire recurrence periods in gorse-stands are 5–20 years.
1719:
2043:
2108:
2056:
1320:
2170:
1783:
2313:
1221:
1978:
1021:. The prolific gorse and bracken would be cut, dried and stored to be used as fuel, with farmhouses having purpose-built furze ovens.
998:
by some livestock, such as feral ponies, which may eat little else in winter. Ponies may also eat the thinner stems of burnt gorse.
2255:
2082:
700:
The number of species is likely higher, as many subspecies are not closely related to one another or have large differences in
1983:
2308:
2229:
2113:
2121:
1569:
1475:
1307:
994:
consistency with hand- or water-driven mills, or being finely chopped and mixed with straw chaff. Gorse is also eaten as
344:
304:
267:
1942:
937:
2234:
2183:
1408:
1403:
1365:
1169:
1116:
The flammability of gorse rendered it a symbol for things that were quick to catch fire and burn out; for example,
400:
2303:
2139:
1369:
2288:
1744:
1394:
1196:
1062:
1006:
Gorse-bushes are highly flammable; in many areas, bundles of gorse were used to fire traditional bread ovens.
2188:
932:
owing to its aggressive seed dispersal; it has proved very difficult to eradicate and detrimental to native
72:
1273:
2293:
2030:
1885:
20:
2035:
818:
416:
1540:
2061:
943:
882:
feed exclusively on gorse. The dry wood of dead gorse stems provides food for the caterpillars of the
541:
2260:
2149:
1991:
1658:
1620:
1454:
1162:
1051:
1047:
918:
878:
753:
630:
571:
363:, and most species have narrow distribution ranges. The most widespread species is the common gorse (
561:
531:
467:
620:
494:
1018:
521:
2242:
1821:
1690:
1682:
1117:
862:
842:
347:. All the species have yellow flowers, generally showy, some with a very long flowering season.
213:
67:
2175:
1225:
2157:
2100:
1965:
1779:
1674:
1504:
1105:
1086:
827:
360:
289:
2211:
1848:
1351:
2162:
1773:
1758:
1666:
1522:
1494:
1311:
1200:
929:
834:
651:
376:
285:
259:
1874:
1090:
1066:
1014:
887:
394:
380:
255:
110:
27:
2022:
1662:
1556:
Invasive Plants: A guide to the identification of the most invasive plants of Sri Lanka
1360:
1078:
986:
Gorse flowers are edible and can be used in salads, teas and to make a non-grape-based
969:
883:
581:
437:
365:
332:
300:
97:
857:) attests to its close association with gorse. The flowers are sometimes eaten by the
2283:
2277:
1860:
1855:
1499:
1074:
296:
193:
1694:
2247:
1127:
1970:
1934:
964:
1947:
2221:
2126:
2069:
1917:
873:
858:
609:
551:
371:
331:
inches) long, which almost wholly replace the leaves as the plant's functioning
1923:
1670:
1459:
987:
907:
640:
385:
340:
1908:
1678:
1647:"Ethnobotany and Native Distribution of Gorse (Ulex europaeus L.) in Britain"
383:
and montane habitats. In the eastern part of Great
Britain, the dwarf furze (
2017:
2004:
1807:
1122:
899:
277:
270:
176:
166:
2201:
1508:
50:
1843:
2196:
1957:
1902:
1143:
1139:
1101:
1097:
1010:
911:
850:
281:
156:
123:
59:
1686:
1646:
936:. Common gorse is also an invasive species in the montane grasslands of
2048:
1046:
Gorse has been listed as one of the 38 plants that are used to prepare
933:
405:
263:
146:
1596:"Protein from gorse bushes could feed millions of people, says expert"
2074:
995:
701:
136:
1879:
2009:
1135:
1061:
1032:
963:
948:
942:
898:
399:
273:
251:
84:
2087:
1436:
Advances in Legume
Systematics part 10, Higher Level Systematics
1303:
1249:"Richard Mabey, a writer dropping down to see the natural world"
972:, Scotland, used to crush whin for use as winter feed for cattle
865:
336:
31:
1883:
1996:
674:(Esp.Santo, Cubas, LousĂŁ, C.Pardo & J.C.Costa) Rivas Mart.
393:
grows to a height of approximately 30 cm (12 in), a
1859:
343:, but in mature plants, they are reduced to scales or small
16:
Genus of flowering plant in the pea and bean family
Fabaceae
375:). This latter species is characteristic of highly exposed
1197:"When the gorse is out of bloom, kissing's out of fashion"
487:(Planch.) Esp.Santo, Cubas, LousĂŁ, C.Pardo & J.C.Costa
961:
stumps or seed. Denser areas of gorse may be bulldozed.
1523:"Ulex europaeus Gorse, Common gorse PFAF Plant Database"
284:. The species are native to parts of western Europe and
1282:
International Legume
Database & Information Service
1284:. Cardiff School of Computer Science & Informatics
1892:
712:The status of the following species is unresolved:
1438:. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. pp. 239–252.
756:& Valdés Berm.) Castrov. & Valdés Berm.
830:capacity helps other plants establish better.
708:Species names with uncertain taxonomic status
8:
1870:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1142:, where it is particularly prevalent on the
19:"Furze" redirects here. For other uses, see
1775:Bach Flower Remedies: A Comprehensive Study
1716:"Experimental Archaeology Site at Tunstall"
1434:". In Klitgaard, B.B.; Bruneau, A. (eds.).
1346:
1344:
740:The following hybrids have been described:
431:The genus comprises the following species:
397:characteristic of sandy lowland heathlands.
26:"Whin" redirects here. For Petty Whin, see
1880:
923:Biological control of gorse in New Zealand
58:Gorse in full flower at Dalgarven Mill in
49:
38:
1498:
1458:
1224:. Plantlife International. Archived from
1081:clans of Scotland. The flower, known as
1718:. Suffolk County Council. Archived from
415:
1327:National Germplasm Resources Laboratory
1321:Germplasm Resources Information Network
1155:
262:Fabaceae. The genus comprises about 20
1594:Carrington, Damian (10 January 2022).
1395:"Plants of the World Online entry for
1389:
1387:
1310:; National Genetic Resources Program.
1134:In many parts of Britain, especially
7:
2235:5cd48bbf-e5ab-4326-b567-91e599002644
2150:fe08870f-d815-4c86-a787-29ab59ce79e2
1621:"Gorse as horse fodder | Plant-Lore"
1247:Moore, Charles (28 September 2009).
2299:Invasive plant species in Sri Lanka
1182:AR Clapham, TG Tutin, EF Warburg,
288:, with the majority of species in
14:
1778:. B. Jain Publishers. p. 3.
1541:"Catto Long Barrow field notes",
1875:'A Modern Herbal' (Grieves 1931)
1842:
1811:. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
1805:Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan (1906).
1747:. Guernsey press. 19 April 2012.
1500:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03945.x
1096:The gorse is also the emblem of
295:Gorse is closely related to the
71:
2189:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:23746-1
1761:. guernseygoasdoue. 2015-01-24.
1476:"Fires enhance flammability in
1100:and is regaining popularity in
947:Controlled burning of gorse in
616:—western gorse or western furze
1568:Wright, John (14 March 2012).
1173:. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
1073:The furze is the badge of the
1030:resistant to weather and rot.
389:) replaces the western gorse.
1:
1017:, many traditional farms had
777:Capelo, J.C.Costa & LousĂŁ
303:being modified into branched
30:. For the radio station, see
1474:Pausas; et al. (2011).
1089:, is the national flower of
2314:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1745:"Out in the fields of gold"
1274:"ILDIS LegumeWeb entry for
938:Horton Plains National Park
647:—dwarf furze or dwarf gorse
2330:
1651:Environmental Conservation
1558:, Colombo 2009, pp. 88–89.
1409:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1404:Plants of the World Online
1366:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1352:"The Plant List entry for
1184:Flora of the British Isles
1170:Plants of the World Online
916:
849:); the common name of the
355:The greatest diversity of
25:
18:
1671:10.1017/S0376892900003064
1460:10.1101/2021.01.20.427424
1370:Missouri Botanical Garden
1312:"GRIN species records of
1186:, Cambridge, 1962, p. 331
219:
212:
205:
200:
68:Scientific classification
66:
57:
48:
41:
1822:"Kissing's in fashion …"
1772:DS Vohra (1 June 2004).
1570:"How to make gorse wine"
1539:C. Michael Hogan (2008)
870:Gymnoscelis rufifasciata
359:species is found in the
1867:Encyclopædia Britannica
1069:sheltering behind furze
872:), whilst those of the
1645:Rymer, Leslie (1979).
1543:The Modern Antiquarian
1329:, Beltsville, Maryland
1070:
1038:
973:
952:
914:
423:
409:
21:Furze (disambiguation)
2309:Nitrogen-fixing crops
1065:
1036:
967:
946:
902:
419:
403:
1851:at Wikimedia Commons
1093:in northwest Spain.
1052:alternative medicine
1048:Bach flower remedies
1042:Alternative medicine
1037:Common gorse flowers
919:Gorse in New Zealand
879:Coleophora albicosta
817:Gorse may grow as a
339:of young plants are
1828:. 31 December 2014.
1759:"Les Prevosts farm"
1663:1979EnvCo...6..211R
1554:Lalith Gunasekera,
1058:Gorse-based symbols
843:European stonechats
238:(commonly known as
1625:www.plant-lore.com
1112:In popular culture
1104:, particularly on
1071:
1039:
974:
953:
915:
863:double-striped pug
424:
410:
280:of the pea family
2271:
2270:
2158:Open Tree of Life
1886:Taxon identifiers
1847:Media related to
1785:978-81-7021-271-3
1087:Galician language
1009:On the island of
906:landscape around
847:Saxicola rubicola
835:Dartford warblers
799:
778:
757:
730:
722:
693:
684:
675:
666:
657:
646:
636:
626:
615:
603:
587:
577:
567:
557:
547:
546:Alvarez & al.
537:
527:
515:
500:
488:
473:
461:
452:
443:
361:Iberian Peninsula
307:1–4 centimetres (
276:in the subfamily
231:
230:
196:
2321:
2304:Medicinal plants
2264:
2263:
2251:
2250:
2238:
2237:
2225:
2224:
2215:
2214:
2205:
2204:
2192:
2191:
2179:
2178:
2166:
2165:
2153:
2152:
2143:
2142:
2130:
2129:
2127:NHMSYS0000464694
2117:
2116:
2104:
2103:
2091:
2090:
2078:
2077:
2065:
2064:
2052:
2051:
2039:
2038:
2026:
2025:
2013:
2012:
2000:
1999:
1987:
1986:
1974:
1973:
1961:
1960:
1951:
1950:
1938:
1937:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1881:
1871:
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1846:
1830:
1829:
1818:
1812:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1642:
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1611:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1565:
1559:
1552:
1546:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1502:
1484:
1478:Ulex parviflorus
1471:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1391:
1382:
1381:
1379:
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1339:
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1334:
1300:
1294:
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1289:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1201:Oxford Reference
1193:
1187:
1180:
1174:
1160:
968:A whin-stone at
930:invasive species
895:Invasive species
855:Saxicola rubetra
797:
776:
751:
728:
720:
691:
682:
673:
664:
655:
652:Ulex parviflorus
644:
634:
624:
613:
601:
585:
575:
565:
555:
545:
542:Ulex cantabricus
535:
525:
513:
498:
486:
471:
459:
450:
441:
330:
329:
325:
322:
316:
315:
311:
286:northwest Africa
256:flowering plants
226:
222:Genista-spartium
207:11–58; see text
192:
76:
75:
53:
39:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2318:
2289:Fabaceae genera
2274:
2273:
2272:
2267:
2259:
2254:
2246:
2241:
2233:
2228:
2220:
2218:
2210:
2208:
2200:
2195:
2187:
2182:
2174:
2169:
2161:
2156:
2148:
2146:
2138:
2133:
2125:
2120:
2112:
2107:
2099:
2094:
2086:
2081:
2073:
2068:
2060:
2055:
2047:
2042:
2034:
2029:
2021:
2016:
2008:
2003:
1995:
1990:
1982:
1977:
1969:
1964:
1956:
1954:
1946:
1941:
1933:
1931:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1888:
1854:
1839:
1834:
1833:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1804:
1800:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1725:
1723:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1699:
1697:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1629:
1627:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1604:
1602:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1578:
1576:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1553:
1549:
1538:
1534:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1487:New Phytologist
1482:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1414:
1412:
1393:
1392:
1385:
1375:
1373:
1350:
1349:
1342:
1332:
1330:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1287:
1285:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1257:
1255:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1231:
1229:
1228:on 18 July 2011
1220:
1219:
1215:
1205:
1203:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1181:
1177:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1114:
1067:Dartmoor ponies
1060:
1044:
1027:
1015:Channel Islands
1004:
984:
979:
958:
925:
897:
888:Batia lambdella
828:nitrogen-fixing
815:
738:
733:
718:Ulex eriophorus
710:
698:
631:Ulex micranthus
572:Ulex eriocladus
429:
353:
327:
323:
320:
318:
313:
309:
308:
224:
191:
70:
35:
28:Genista anglica
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2327:
2325:
2317:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2276:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2252:
2248:wfo-4000039724
2239:
2226:
2216:
2206:
2193:
2180:
2167:
2154:
2144:
2131:
2118:
2105:
2092:
2079:
2066:
2053:
2040:
2027:
2014:
2001:
1988:
1975:
1962:
1952:
1939:
1929:
1914:
1898:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1858:, ed. (1911).
1856:Chisholm, Hugh
1852:
1838:
1837:External links
1835:
1832:
1831:
1826:plant-lore.com
1813:
1798:
1784:
1764:
1750:
1736:
1707:
1657:(3): 211–213.
1637:
1612:
1586:
1560:
1547:
1532:
1514:
1466:
1441:
1422:
1383:
1361:The Plant List
1340:
1295:
1265:
1239:
1213:
1188:
1175:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1120:, in his book
1113:
1110:
1106:St Piran's Day
1059:
1056:
1043:
1040:
1026:
1023:
1003:
1000:
983:
980:
978:
975:
970:Dalgarven Mill
957:
954:
940:in Sri Lanka.
912:Southern Chile
896:
893:
884:concealer moth
814:
811:
810:
809:
788:
767:
737:
734:
732:
731:
723:
714:
709:
706:
697:
696:
695:
694:
689:rivasgodayanus
685:
676:
667:
665:(Webb) Greuter
648:
637:
627:
617:
606:
605:
604:
602:(Mariz) Rothm.
599:latebracteatus
595:
588:—common gorse
582:Ulex europaeus
578:
568:
562:Ulex erinaceus
558:
548:
538:
532:Ulex canescens
528:
518:
517:
516:
507:
491:
490:
489:
484:welwitschianus
480:
468:Ulex australis
464:
463:
462:
460:(Cout.) Rothm.
453:
438:Ulex argenteus
433:
428:
425:
421:Ulex europaeus
366:Ulex europaeus
352:
349:
333:photosynthetic
229:
228:
225:Duhamel (1755)
217:
216:
210:
209:
203:
202:
198:
197:
184:
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55:
54:
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45:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2326:
2315:
2312:
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2307:
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2300:
2297:
2295:
2294:Edible plants
2292:
2290:
2287:
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2281:
2279:
2262:
2257:
2253:
2249:
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2240:
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2207:
2203:
2198:
2194:
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2185:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2145:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1925:
1919:
1915:
1910:
1904:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1882:
1876:
1873:
1869:
1868:
1862:
1861:"Furze"
1857:
1853:
1850:
1845:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1827:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1810:
1809:
1802:
1799:
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1777:
1776:
1768:
1765:
1760:
1754:
1751:
1746:
1740:
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1733:
1722:on 2012-03-08
1721:
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1696:
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1668:
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1613:
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1597:
1590:
1587:
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1571:
1564:
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1544:
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1533:
1528:
1524:
1518:
1515:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1481:
1479:
1470:
1467:
1461:
1456:
1452:
1445:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1426:
1423:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1398:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1355:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1328:
1324:
1322:
1317:
1315:
1309:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1283:
1279:
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1269:
1266:
1254:
1253:The Telegraph
1250:
1243:
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1227:
1223:
1217:
1214:
1202:
1198:
1192:
1189:
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1141:
1137:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1068:
1064:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1041:
1035:
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1024:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1007:
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999:
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989:
981:
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905:
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885:
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867:
864:
860:
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852:
848:
844:
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839:Sylvia undata
836:
831:
829:
823:
820:
812:
807:
803:
796:
792:
789:
786:
782:
775:
771:
768:
765:
761:
755:
750:
746:
743:
742:
741:
735:
727:
726:Ulex spicatus
724:
719:
716:
715:
713:
707:
705:
703:
690:
686:
681:
677:
672:
668:
663:
659:
658:
654:
653:
649:
643:
642:
638:
633:
632:
628:
623:
622:
621:Ulex jussiaei
618:
612:
611:
607:
600:
596:
594:
590:
589:
584:
583:
579:
574:
573:
569:
566:Welw. ex Webb
564:
563:
559:
554:
553:
549:
544:
543:
539:
534:
533:
529:
524:
523:
519:
514:(Kunze) Cubas
512:
508:
506:
502:
501:
497:
496:
495:Ulex baeticus
492:
485:
481:
479:
475:
474:
470:
469:
465:
458:
454:
449:
445:
444:
440:
439:
435:
434:
432:
426:
422:
418:
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407:
402:
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388:
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382:
378:
374:
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368:
367:
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346:
342:
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306:
302:
298:
293:
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283:
279:
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269:
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261:
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245:
241:
237:
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227:
223:
218:
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208:
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185:
182:
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178:
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172:
171:
168:
165:
162:
161:
158:
155:
152:
151:
148:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
129:
128:
125:
122:
119:
116:
115:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
98:Tracheophytes
96:
93:
90:
89:
86:
83:
80:
79:
74:
69:
65:
61:
56:
52:
47:
44:
40:
37:
33:
29:
22:
1893:
1865:
1825:
1816:
1806:
1801:
1789:. Retrieved
1774:
1767:
1753:
1739:
1730:
1724:. Retrieved
1720:the original
1710:
1698:. Retrieved
1654:
1650:
1640:
1628:. Retrieved
1624:
1615:
1603:. Retrieved
1600:The Guardian
1599:
1589:
1577:. Retrieved
1574:The Guardian
1573:
1563:
1555:
1550:
1542:
1535:
1526:
1517:
1493:(1): 18–23.
1490:
1486:
1477:
1469:
1450:
1444:
1435:
1431:
1425:
1413:. Retrieved
1402:
1396:
1374:. Retrieved
1359:
1353:
1331:. Retrieved
1319:
1313:
1298:
1286:. Retrieved
1281:
1275:
1268:
1256:. Retrieved
1252:
1242:
1230:. Retrieved
1226:the original
1216:
1204:. Retrieved
1191:
1183:
1178:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1133:
1128:John Chandos
1121:
1115:
1095:
1082:
1072:
1050:, a kind of
1045:
1028:
1019:furze brakes
1008:
1005:
992:
985:
959:
926:
903:
886:
877:
869:
859:caterpillars
854:
846:
838:
832:
824:
816:
805:
802:U. europaeus
801:
794:
790:
784:
780:
773:
769:
763:
760:U. europaeus
759:
748:
744:
739:
725:
717:
711:
699:
688:
679:
670:
661:
650:
639:
629:
619:
608:
598:
592:
580:
570:
560:
550:
540:
530:
522:Ulex borgiae
520:
510:
504:
493:
483:
477:
466:
456:
447:
436:
430:
427:Species list
420:
411:
404:Fruiting at
390:
384:
370:
364:
356:
354:
335:organs. The
294:
247:
243:
239:
234:
233:
232:
221:
220:
206:
187:
186:
130:
117:
104:
91:
42:
36:
2070:iNaturalist
1918:Wikispecies
1791:2 September
1206:26 December
874:case-bearer
819:fire-climax
785:U. jussiaei
680:parviflorus
610:Ulex gallii
552:Ulex densus
526:Rivas Mart.
457:subsericeus
372:Ulex gallii
163:Subfamily:
111:Angiosperms
2278:Categories
1726:2010-06-30
1700:12 January
1415:27 October
1150:References
1126:, has Sir
988:fruit wine
956:Management
917:See also:
908:Corral Bay
641:Ulex minor
408:, Scotland
391:Ulex minor
386:Ulex minor
341:trifoliate
2018:FloraBase
1808:Sir Nigel
1679:0376-8929
1123:Sir Nigel
1079:MacLennan
951:, England
781:U. densus
764:U. gallii
749:breoganii
662:africanus
593:europaeus
576:C.Vicioso
478:australis
472:Clemente
448:argenteus
381:heathland
278:Faboideae
271:evergreen
177:Genisteae
167:Faboideae
81:Kingdom:
2230:VicFlora
2219:VASCAN:
2202:40021405
2197:Tropicos
1979:eFloraSA
1955:BioLib:
1903:Wikidata
1695:86141271
1687:44516992
1527:pfaf.org
1509:22039968
1376:15 April
1368:and the
1333:15 April
1323:—(GRIN)
1288:15 April
1258:14 March
1232:14 March
1140:Cornwall
1102:Cornwall
1098:Brittany
1075:Sinclair
1011:Guernsey
934:habitats
851:whinchat
806:U. minor
795:lagrezii
754:Castrov.
671:airensis
505:baeticus
379:coastal
377:Atlantic
282:Fabaceae
214:Synonyms
201:Species
157:Fabaceae
153:Family:
124:Eudicots
60:Scotland
2212:5881849
2101:1026936
2088:23746-1
2049:2951953
1909:Q393278
1659:Bibcode
1630:5 April
1605:5 April
1579:5 April
1455:bioRxiv
1222:"Gorse"
1131:them."
1091:Galicia
1085:in the
1083:chorima
861:of the
813:Ecology
774:dalilae
736:Hybrids
687:subsp.
678:subsp.
669:subsp.
660:subsp.
614:Planch.
597:subsp.
591:subsp.
509:subsp.
503:subsp.
482:subsp.
476:subsp.
455:subsp.
446:subsp.
406:Mallaig
351:Species
326:⁄
312:⁄
264:species
258:in the
250:) is a
183:Genus:
173:Tribe:
147:Fabales
143:Order:
85:Plantae
2261:993806
2209:uBio:
2171:PLANTS
2163:539555
2147:NZOR:
2036:134111
1935:195715
1932:APDB:
1782:
1693:
1685:
1677:
1507:
1457:
1411:. 2022
1372:. 2013
996:forage
841:) and
702:ploidy
683:Pourr.
656:Pourr.
511:scaber
499:Boiss.
345:spines
337:leaves
305:thorns
301:shoots
297:brooms
290:Iberia
274:shrubs
268:thorny
260:family
137:Rosids
2256:WoRMS
2114:27012
2096:IRMNG
2075:51750
2062:12546
2023:22435
2010:1ULEG
1997:27856
1958:39895
1948:86759
1732:fuel.
1691:S2CID
1683:JSTOR
1483:(PDF)
1453:L.".
1144:moors
1136:Devon
1118:Doyle
982:Foods
949:Devon
876:moth
729:Gand.
721:Gand.
692:Cubas
635:Lange
625:Webb
536:Lange
395:habit
252:genus
246:, or
244:furze
240:gorse
131:Clade
118:Clade
105:Clade
92:Clade
2284:Ulex
2222:1800
2184:POWO
2176:ULEX
2140:3901
2135:NCBI
2109:ITIS
2083:IPNI
2057:GRIN
2044:GBIF
2005:EPPO
1984:Ulex
1971:84LM
1943:APNI
1924:Ulex
1894:Ulex
1849:Ulex
1793:2013
1780:ISBN
1702:2022
1675:ISSN
1632:2024
1607:2024
1581:2024
1505:PMID
1451:Ulex
1432:Ulex
1417:2022
1397:Ulex
1378:2014
1354:Ulex
1335:2014
1314:Ulex
1304:USDA
1290:2014
1276:Ulex
1260:2011
1234:2011
1208:2020
1164:Ulex
1138:and
1077:and
1025:Wood
1002:Fuel
977:Uses
921:and
904:Ulex
866:moth
798:Rouy
791:Ulex
770:Ulex
745:Ulex
645:Roth
556:Webb
451:Webb
442:Webb
357:Ulex
248:whin
235:Ulex
188:Ulex
43:Ulex
32:WHIN
2243:WFO
2122:NBN
2031:FNA
1992:EoL
1966:CoL
1667:doi
1495:doi
1491:193
1308:ARS
910:in
266:of
254:of
2280::
2258::
2245::
2232::
2199::
2186::
2173::
2160::
2137::
2124::
2111::
2098::
2085::
2072::
2059::
2046::
2033::
2020::
2007::
1994::
1981::
1968::
1945::
1920::
1905::
1864:.
1824:.
1729:.
1689:.
1681:.
1673:.
1665:.
1653:.
1649:.
1623:.
1598:.
1572:.
1525:.
1503:.
1489:.
1485:.
1407:.
1401:.
1386:^
1364:.
1358:.
1343:^
1325:.
1318:.
1306:;
1280:.
1251:.
1199:.
1166:L.
1108:.
1054:.
1013:,
990:.
891:.
804:Ă—
783:Ă—
762:Ă—
704:.
586:L.
292:.
242:,
194:L.
133::
120::
107::
94::
62:.
1795:.
1704:.
1669::
1661::
1655:6
1634:.
1609:.
1583:.
1529:.
1511:.
1497::
1480:"
1463:.
1419:.
1399:"
1380:.
1356:"
1337:.
1316:"
1292:.
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808:)
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793:Ă—
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779:(
772:Ă—
766:)
758:(
752:(
747:Ă—
328:2
324:1
321:+
319:1
317:–
314:2
310:1
34:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
