1148:
1213:
3326:
1225:
339:; and in front, near the margin, by a slight transverse groove for the attachment of part of the posterior ligament of the elbow joint. Its anterior surface is smooth, concave, and forms the upper part of the semilunar notch. Its borders present continuations of the groove on the margin of the superior surface; they serve for the attachment of ligaments: the back part of the ulnar collateral ligament medially, and the posterior ligament laterally. From the medial border a part of the
1187:
600:
46:
359:. At the junction of this surface with the front of the body is a rough eminence, the tuberosity of the ulna, which gives insertion to a part of the brachialis; to the lateral border of this tuberosity the oblique cord is attached. Its lateral surface presents a narrow, oblong, articular depression, the radial notch. Its medial surface, by its prominent, free margin, serves for the attachment of part of the
680:
coronoid and cross other trabeculae, passing backward over the medullary cavity from the upper part of the shaft below the coronoid. Below the coronoid process there is a small area of compact bone from which trabeculae curve upward to end obliquely to the surface of the semilunar notch which is coated with a thin layer of compact bone. The trabeculae at the lower end have a more longitudinal direction.
624:
1200:
612:
648:
636:
1301:
830:
818:
519:) directed backward and lateralward, is broad and concave above; convex and somewhat narrower in the middle; narrow, smooth, and rounded below. On its upper part is an oblique ridge, which runs from the dorsal end of the radial notch, downward to the dorsal border; the triangular surface above this ridge receives the insertion of the
694:
391:
The notch is concave from above downward, and divided into a medial and a lateral portion by a smooth ridge running from the summit of the olecranon to the tip of the coronoid process. The medial portion is the larger, and is slightly concave transversely; the lateral is convex above, slightly concave below.
1155:
In four-legged animals, the radius is the main load-bearing bone of the lower forelimb, and the ulna is important primarily for muscular attachment. In many mammals, the ulna is partially or wholly fused with the radius, and may therefore not exist as a separate bone. However, even in extreme cases
679:
and dorsal surface. At the extremities the compact layer thins. The compact layer is continued onto the back of the olecranon as a plate of close spongy bone with lamellae parallel. From the inner surface of this plate and the compact layer below it trabeculae arch forward toward the olecranon and
390:
is a large depression, formed by the olecranon and the coronoid process, and serving as articulation with the trochlea of the humerus. About the middle of either side of this notch is an indentation, which contracts it somewhat, and indicates the junction of the olecranon and the coronoid process.
354:
is a triangular eminence projecting forward from the upper and front part of the ulna. Its base is continuous with the body of the bone, and of considerable strength. Its apex is pointed, slightly curved upward, and in flexion of the forearm is received into the coronoid fossa of the humerus. Its
334:
in extension of the forearm. Its base is contracted where it joins the body and the narrowest part of the upper end of the ulna. Its posterior surface, directed backward, is triangular, smooth, subcutaneous, and covered by a bursa. Its superior surface is of quadrilateral form, marked behind by a
3346:
410:
at its upper part is prismatic in form, and curved so as to be convex behind and lateralward; its central part is straight; its lower part is rounded, smooth, and bent a little lateralward. It tapers gradually from above downward, and has three borders and three surfaces.
508:. The lower fourth is separated from the remaining portion by a ridge, directed obliquely downward and medialward, which marks the extent of origin of the pronator quadratus. At the junction of the upper with the middle third of the bone is the
1237:
523:, while the upper part of the ridge affords attachment to the supinator. Below this the surface is subdivided by a longitudinal ridge, sometimes called the perpendicular line, into two parts: the medial part is smooth, and covered by the
304:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1244:
1224:
561:
Near the wrist, the ulnar, with two eminences; the lateral and larger is a rounded, articular eminence, termed the head of the ulna; the medial, narrower and more projecting, is a non-articular eminence, the
585:
The styloid process projects from the medial and back part of the bone; it descends a little lower than the head, and its rounded end affords attachment to the ulnar collateral ligament of the wrist-joint.
1241:
1135:
is possible for ulnar fractures when they are located in the distal two-thirds, only involve the shaft, with no shortening, less than 10° angulation and less than 50% displacement. In such cases, a
589:
The head is separated from the styloid process by a depression for the attachment of the apex of the triangular articular disk, and behind, by a shallow groove for the tendon of the
355:
upper surface is smooth, concave, and forms the lower part of the semilunar notch. Its antero-inferior surface is concave, and marked by a rough impression for the insertion of the
330:
is a large, thick, curved eminence, situated at the upper and back part of the ulna. It is bent forward at the summit so as to present a prominent lip which is received into the
394:
The radial notch is a narrow, oblong, articular depression on the lateral side of the coronoid process; it receives the circumferential articular surface of the head of the
1212:
478:) begins above by the union of two lines, which converge from the extremities of the radial notch and enclose between them a triangular space for the origin of part of the
1175:. These often leave osteological evidence in the form of quill knobs, allowing for identification of feathers in fossils that otherwise lack integumentary information.
725:. About the tenth year, a center appears in the olecranon near its extremity, the chief part of this process being formed by an upward extension of the body. The upper
219:, the forearm's other long bone. Longer and thinner than the radius, the ulna is considered to be the smaller long bone of the lower arm. The corresponding bone in the
599:
1583:
155:
1240:
2125:
574:
of the ulna presents an articular surface, part of which, of an oval or semilunar form, is directed downward, and articulates with the upper surface of the
718:. Ossification begins near the middle of the body of the ulna, about the eighth week of fetal life, and soon extends through the greater part of the bone.
360:
938:
364:
131:
676:
482:; it ends below at the head of the ulna. Its upper part is sharp, its lower fourth smooth and rounded. This crest gives attachment to the
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At birth, the ends are cartilaginous. About the fourth year or so, a center appears in the middle of the head, and soon extends into the
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Cross-section through the middle of the forearm, showing the two bones and the muscles, nerves and blood vessels surrounding them.
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which separates it from the wrist-joint; the remaining portion, directed lateralward, is narrow, convex, and received into the
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398:. It is concave from before backward, and its prominent extremities serve for the attachment of the annular ligament.
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olecranon process and posterior surface of ulna (also shares origin with medial epicondyle of the humerus)
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The ulna is a long bone found in the forearm that stretches from the elbow to the wrist, and when in
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471:; its lower fourth is smooth and rounded. This border separates the medial from the dorsal surface.
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546:) is broad and concave above, narrow and convex below. Its upper three-fourths give origin to the
363:. At the front part of this surface is a small rounded eminence for the origin of one head of the
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from three centers: one each for the body, the wrist end, and the elbow end, near the top of the
527:; the lateral portion, wider and rougher, gives origin from above downward to the supinator, the
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500:), much broader above than below, is concave in its upper three-fourths, and gives origin to the
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2189:
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432:. Its upper part, well-defined, and its middle portion, smooth and rounded, give origin to the
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side of the forearm. It is broader close to the elbow, and narrows as it approaches the wrist.
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coronoid process (also shares origin with medial epicondyle of the humerus and shaft of the
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Knowledge (XXG) articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's
Anatomy (1918)
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1990:
1941:
1857:
1786:
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447:) begins above at the apex of the triangular subcutaneous surface at the back part of the
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1160:, the olecranon process is still present, albeit as a projection from the upper radius.
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1059:(also shares origin with the dorsal shaft of the radius and the interosseous membrane)
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Vertical section through the articulations at the wrist, showing the synovial cavities.
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372:
263:
1488:
215:. It is on the same side of the forearm as the little finger, running parallel to the
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2010:
1995:
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posterior surface of distal ulna (also shares origin with the interosseous membrane)
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947:
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1972:
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1434:
Sebastian Dawson-Bowling; Pramod Achan; Timothy Briggs; Manoj
Ramachandran (2014).
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20:
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2015:
1985:
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1036:
posterior surface of ulna (also shares origin with the posterior surface of the
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778:
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751:
456:
371:; descending from the eminence is a ridge which gives origin to one head of the
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medial surface on middle portion of coronoid process (also shares origin with
356:
1523:
143:
3271:
3265:
3225:
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327:
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220:
200:
3302:
Parentheses denote bones that receive a different name in particular clades
1531:
1105:- a fracture of the proximal third of the ulna with the dislocation of the
455:; it is well-marked in the upper three-fourths, and gives attachment to an
3104:
3035:
2946:
2908:
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2823:
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2141:
2138:
1705:
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1119:
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joins the body about the sixteenth, the lower about the twentieth year.
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Turner, Alan H.; Makovicky, Peter J.; Norell, Mark A. (2007-09-21).
367:; behind the eminence is a depression for part of the origin of the
1561:
1218:
Bones of the right arm, showing the ulna, radius, wrist and humerus
1151:
Quill knobs on the ulnae of fossil (top) and modern (bottom) birds.
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1157:
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212:
208:
102:
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Italics denote neomorphic bones present only in particular clades
1023:
ulna (also shares origin with lateral epicondyle of the humerus)
2734:
2134:
1963:
1592:
1164:
2647:
2152:
2107:
1565:
1596:
1466:. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 200.
1332:
835:
The radius and ulna of the left forearm, posterior surface.
85:
963:
anteromedial surface of ulna (also shares origin with the
440:. This border separates the volar from the medial surface.
76:
1436:
Orthopaedic Trauma: The
Stanmore and Royal London Guide
311:
Near the elbow, the ulna has two curved processes, the
3314:
1365:"ULNA | Meaning & Definition for UK English"
82:
504:; its lower fourth, also concave, is covered by the
424:) begins above at the prominent medial angle of the
79:
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3179:
3141:
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2031:
1971:
1962:
1915:
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1867:
1737:
1640:
1603:
1462:Romer, Alfred Sherwood; Parsons, Thomas S. (1977).
781:, this allows the radius to cross over the ulna in
149:
137:
125:
113:
101:
96:
73:
64:
59:
38:
1489:"Feather Quill Knobs in the Dinosaur Velociraptor"
486:, and separates the volar from the dorsal surface.
476:crista interossea; external or interosseous border
1171:, the ulna forms a surface of attachment for the
436:; its lower fourth serves for the origin of the
307:Proximal extremity of left ulna. Lateral aspect.
2119:
1577:
1557:Bone and Spine : Musculoskeletal-Anatomy
1139:should be applied that goes above the elbow.
50:An example of a human ulna, shown in red (in
8:
671:of the ulna is enclosed in a strong wall of
319:; and two concave, articular cavities, the
254:, a hook-like structure that fits into the
3084:
3075:
3066:
2921:
2856:
2847:
2771:
2664:
2655:
2644:
2390:(Supraoccipital+Exoccipital+Basioccipital)
2377:
2290:
2171:
2162:
2149:
2126:
2112:
2104:
1968:
1873:
1584:
1570:
1562:
841:
335:rough impression for the insertion of the
44:
1429:
1427:
1003:border of ulna (also shares origin with
629:Bones of left forearm. Posterior aspect.
383:by a rounded bundle of muscular fibers.
343:arises; while to the lateral border the
246:Close to the elbow, the ulna has a bony
3321:
1324:
1182:
823:Bones of left forearm. Anterior aspect.
617:Bones of left forearm. Anterior aspect.
595:
1305:This article incorporates text in the
870:posterior part of superior surface of
750:joints. Specifically, the ulna joins (
166:
35:
939:Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle
792:, where it fits into the ulnar notch.
459:which affords a common origin to the
7:
3193:) (Tibiale+Intermedium+Centrale 3+4)
795:the radius along its length via the
451:, and ends below at the back of the
887:olecranon process (lateral aspect)
653:Ligaments of wrist. Posterior view.
550:; its lower fourth is subcutaneous.
289:Close to the wrist, the ulna has a
188:
517:facies dorsalis; posterior surface
379:arises from the lower part of the
14:
2414:(Squamosal+Petrosal+Ectotympanic)
1351:Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
1192:Position of ulna (red). Animation
1005:lateral epicondyle of the humerus
956:Flexor digitorum profundus muscle
641:Ligaments of wrist. Anterior view
544:facies medialis; internal surface
428:, and ends below in front of the
3324:
1299:
1235:
1223:
1211:
1197:
1185:
918:medial epicondyle of the humerus
828:
816:
766:as a hinge joint with semilunar
692:
646:
634:
622:
610:
598:
498:facies volaris; anterior surface
445:margo dorsalis; posterior border
69:
1046:Extensor pollicis longus muscle
1029:Abductor pollicis longus muscle
703:from three centres, shown here.
422:margo volaris; anterior border
365:flexor digitorum superficialis
332:olecranon fossa of the humerus
1:
1279:Terms for anatomical location
993:Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle
1367:. Lexico.com. Archived from
902:coronoid process of the ulna
675:which is thickest along the
512:, directed obliquely upward.
237:standard anatomical position
52:standard anatomical position
19:For the genus of moths, see
2402:(Parasphenoid+Basisphenoid)
1313:of the 20th edition of
926:Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
742:The ulna forms part of the
3378:
1259:
1087:
548:flexor digitorum profundus
502:flexor digitorum profundus
469:flexor digitorum profundus
434:flexor digitorum profundus
369:flexor digitorum profundus
28:
18:
3298:
3216:
2970:
2654:
2643:
2483:
2161:
2148:
973:Pronator quadratus muscle
580:ulnar notch of the radius
576:triangular articular disk
537:extensor indicis proprius
361:ulnar collateral ligament
286:to which muscles attach.
161:
43:
2396:(Exoccipital+Opisthotic)
1269:Anatomical terms of bone
900:anterior surface of the
533:extensor pollicis longus
529:abductor pollicis longus
474:The interosseous crest (
163:Anatomical terms of bone
16:Medial bone from forearm
3362:Bones of the upper limb
1516:10.1126/science.1145076
1133:Conservative management
1065:Extensor indicis muscle
272:trochlea of the humerus
3157:Intermediate cuneiform
2303:(Postparietal+Tabular)
1262:anatomical terminology
1156:of fusion, such as in
1152:
863:Triceps brachii muscle
777:, near the elbow as a
591:extensor carpi ulnaris
525:extensor carpi ulnaris
465:extensor carpi ulnaris
377:flexor pollicis longus
308:
31:anatomical terminology
1150:
1088:Further information:
1079:Clinical significance
965:interosseous membrane
909:Pronator teres muscle
797:interosseous membrane
723:ulnar styloid process
564:ulnar styloid process
484:interosseous membrane
306:
2649:Postcranial skeleton
2408:(Prootic+Opisthotic)
1832:supracondylar ridges
1274:Madelung's deformity
1114:- a fracture of the
874:(via common tendon)
762:, at the right side
542:The medial surface (
515:The dorsal surface (
461:flexor carpi ulnaris
341:flexor carpi ulnaris
323:and radial notches.
207:stretching from the
3205:(Distal tarsal 4+5)
1508:2007Sci...317.1721T
1464:The Vertebrate Body
1371:on January 20, 2021
1118:with an associated
677:interosseous border
667:. The long, narrow
496:The volar surface (
443:The dorsal border (
2687:Cervical vertebrae
1797:deltoid tuberosity
1336:2nd edition, 1989.
1260:This article uses
1173:secondary feathers
1153:
1107:head of the radius
1103:Monteggia fracture
1094:Specific types of
808:Muscle attachments
506:pronator quadratus
438:pronator quadratus
420:The volar border (
375:. Frequently, the
309:
280:head of the radius
274:. There is also a
239:, is found on the
29:This article uses
3312:
3311:
3294:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3247:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3212:
3211:
3180:Composite tarsals
3164:Lateral cuneiform
3162:Distal tarsal 3 (
3155:Distal tarsal 2 (
3148:Distal tarsal 1 (
2997:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2966:
2965:
2952:Distal carpal 4 (
2945:Distal carpal 3 (
2938:Distal carpal 2 (
2931:Distal carpal 1 (
2761:
2760:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2523:
2522:
2421:
2420:
2310:
2309:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2096:
1958:
1957:
1906:Lister's tubercle
1632:subclavian groove
1627:costal tuberosity
1390:"Radius and ulna"
1245:
1076:
1075:
893:Brachialis muscle
872:Olecranon process
252:olecranon process
177:
176:
172:
3369:
3329:
3328:
3320:
3150:Medial cuneiform
3088:Proximal tarsals
3085:
3076:
3067:
2922:
2894:Lateral centrale
2857:
2848:
2772:
2702:Caudal vertebrae
2692:Dorsal vertebrae
2665:
2656:
2645:
2400:Parabasisphenoid
2378:
2291:
2172:
2163:
2150:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2105:
2033:Metacarpal bones
1969:
1934:coronoid process
1874:
1781:bicipital groove
1711:coracoid process
1701:spine of scapula
1586:
1579:
1572:
1563:
1544:
1543:
1493:
1484:
1478:
1477:
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1337:
1329:
1303:
1302:
1247:
1246:
1227:
1215:
1203:
1202:
1189:
1013:Supinator muscle
842:
832:
820:
758:trochlea of the
701:formed into bone
696:
669:medullary cavity
650:
638:
626:
614:
602:
426:coronoid process
408:body of the ulna
381:coronoid process
352:coronoid process
317:coronoid process
284:ulnar tuberosity
262:. This prevents
190:
169:edit on Wikidata
92:
91:
88:
87:
84:
81:
78:
75:
48:
36:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3323:
3315:
3313:
3308:
3286:
3277:Ossified tendon
3235:
3208:
3175:
3172:Distal tarsal 5
3169:Distal tarsal 4
3137:
3114:
3065:
3030:
2989:
2962:
2959:Distal carpal 5
2920:
2904:Medial centrale
2846:
2818:
2776:Pectoral girdle
2757:
2729:
2721:
2650:
2631:
2588:
2519:
2479:
2417:
2381:Composite bones
2376:
2306:
2294:Composite bones
2289:
2157:
2144:
2132:
2102:
2093:
2065:
2027:
1954:
1949:styloid process
1942:trochlear notch
1911:
1902:styloid process
1863:
1803:lower extremity
1748:upper extremity
1733:
1636:
1617:conoid tubercle
1605:Shoulder girdle
1599:
1590:
1553:
1548:
1547:
1491:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1474:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1446:
1433:
1432:
1425:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1398:
1396:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1374:
1372:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1344:
1340:
1330:
1326:
1300:
1297:
1265:
1258:
1251:
1248:
1236:
1231:
1228:
1219:
1216:
1207:
1204:
1198:
1193:
1190:
1181:
1145:
1092:
1086:
1081:
880:Anconeus muscle
840:
839:
838:
837:
836:
833:
825:
824:
821:
810:
768:trochlear notch
740:
735:
708:
707:
706:
705:
704:
697:
686:
673:cortical tissue
661:
654:
651:
642:
639:
630:
627:
618:
615:
606:
603:
557:
453:styloid process
430:styloid process
404:
388:semilunar notch
337:triceps brachii
299:
291:styloid process
256:olecranon fossa
233:
173:
72:
68:
55:
34:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3375:
3373:
3365:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3339:
3338:
3334:
3333:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3306:
3303:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3200:
3199:(Centrale 1+2)
3194:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3160:
3153:
3145:
3143:
3142:Distal tarsals
3139:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3122:
3120:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3102:
3097:
3091:
3089:
3082:
3073:
3064:
3063:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3040:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3007:
3005:
2999:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2928:
2926:
2925:Distal carpals
2919:
2918:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2891:
2886:
2876:
2865:
2863:
2854:
2845:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2828:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2780:
2778:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2739:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2712:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2673:
2671:
2662:
2652:
2651:
2648:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2598:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2544:
2533:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2510:Sclerotic ring
2507:
2505:Extracolumella
2502:
2495:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2462:
2457:
2450:
2445:
2435:
2429:
2427:
2423:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2409:
2403:
2397:
2391:
2384:
2382:
2375:
2374:
2372:Supraoccipital
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2352:Orbitosphenoid
2349:
2344:
2342:Laterosphenoid
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2297:
2295:
2288:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2200:
2193:
2186:
2180:
2178:
2169:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2146:
2145:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2123:
2116:
2108:
2099:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2075:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2037:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1977:
1975:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1945:
1921:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1894:
1882:
1880:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1843:
1829:
1815:
1810:
1799:
1794:
1783:
1778:
1764:
1743:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1684:
1679:
1676:great scapular
1665:
1662:infraspinatous
1658:supraspinatous
1646:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1622:trapezoid line
1619:
1613:
1611:
1601:
1600:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1581:
1574:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1552:
1551:External links
1549:
1546:
1545:
1502:(5845): 1721.
1479:
1472:
1454:
1444:
1423:
1405:
1381:
1356:
1338:
1323:
1322:
1316:Gray's Anatomy
1296:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1184:
1180:
1177:
1144:
1141:
1130:
1129:
1109:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1051:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1034:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1018:
1015:
1009:
1008:
998:
995:
989:
988:
978:
975:
969:
968:
961:
958:
952:
951:
944:
941:
935:
934:
931:
928:
922:
921:
914:
911:
905:
904:
898:
895:
889:
888:
885:
882:
876:
875:
868:
865:
859:
858:
853:
848:
834:
827:
826:
822:
815:
814:
813:
812:
811:
809:
806:
805:
804:
793:
786:
771:
739:
736:
734:
731:
698:
691:
690:
689:
688:
687:
685:
682:
663:The ulna is a
660:
657:
656:
655:
652:
645:
643:
640:
633:
631:
628:
621:
619:
616:
609:
607:
604:
597:
587:
586:
583:
556:
555:Near the wrist
553:
552:
551:
540:
513:
510:nutrient canal
493:
492:
488:
487:
472:
441:
417:
416:
403:
400:
373:pronator teres
298:
297:Near the elbow
295:
264:hyperextension
232:
229:
175:
174:
165:
159:
158:
153:
147:
146:
141:
135:
134:
129:
123:
122:
117:
111:
110:
105:
99:
98:
94:
93:
66:
62:
61:
57:
56:
49:
41:
40:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3374:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3318:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3261:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3252:Miscellaneous
3250:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3215:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3161:
3158:
3154:
3151:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3068:
3062:
3061:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3033:
3027:
3026:Epipubic bone
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3004:
3003:Pelvic girdle
3000:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2969:
2958:
2955:
2951:
2948:
2944:
2941:
2937:
2934:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2923:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2849:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2837:Radius (bone)
2835:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2821:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2804:Interclavicle
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2726:
2725:Haemal arches
2723:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2646:
2642:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2591:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2516:
2515:Wormian bones
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2493:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2482:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2433:Ectopterygoid
2431:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2322:Basioccipital
2320:
2319:
2317:
2313:
2302:
2301:Interparietal
2299:
2298:
2296:
2292:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2280:Supratemporal
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2261:
2259:
2258:Quadratojugal
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2197:Intertemporal
2194:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2140:
2136:
2129:
2124:
2122:
2117:
2115:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1792:radial sulcus
1790:
1788:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1682:glenoid fossa
1680:
1677:
1673:
1672:suprascapular
1669:
1666:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1587:
1582:
1580:
1575:
1573:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1490:
1483:
1480:
1475:
1473:0-03-910284-X
1469:
1465:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1447:
1445:9781444148831
1441:
1438:. CRC Press.
1437:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1409:
1406:
1395:
1391:
1385:
1382:
1370:
1366:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1307:public domain
1294:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1255:
1233:
1226:
1221:
1214:
1209:
1201:
1195:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1159:
1149:
1143:Other animals
1142:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1112:Hume fracture
1110:
1108:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1096:ulna fracture
1091:
1090:Bone fracture
1083:
1078:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1057:shaft of ulna
1055:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1006:
1002:
999:
996:
994:
991:
990:
986:
982:
979:
976:
974:
971:
970:
966:
962:
959:
957:
954:
953:
949:
945:
942:
940:
937:
936:
932:
929:
927:
924:
923:
919:
915:
912:
910:
907:
906:
903:
899:
896:
894:
891:
890:
886:
883:
881:
878:
877:
873:
869:
866:
864:
861:
860:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
843:
831:
819:
807:
802:
799:that forms a
798:
794:
791:
790:distal radius
787:
784:
780:
776:
772:
769:
765:
761:
757:
756:
755:
753:
749:
745:
737:
732:
730:
728:
724:
719:
717:
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65:Pronunciation
63:
58:
53:
47:
42:
37:
32:
25:
23:
3264:
3258:
3058:
2913:
2841:
2767:Appendicular
2743:Cervical rib
2714:
2707:
2627:Tympanohyoid
2571:
2567:Prearticular
2541:Ectotympanic
2499:Entotympanic
2497:
2452:
2438:Epipterygoid
2367:Sphenethmoid
2357:Parasphenoid
2327:Basisphenoid
2270:Septomaxilla
2262:
2243:Postparietal
2195:
2188:
2084:intermediate
1973:Carpal bones
1947:near wrist (
1938:radial notch
1924:near elbow (
1916:
1896:near wrist (
1885:near elbow (
1845:
1831:
1817:
1801:
1785:
1766:
1752:
1746:
1715:
1695:supraglenoid
1691:infraglenoid
1686:
1667:
1649:
1499:
1495:
1482:
1463:
1457:
1435:
1417:
1408:
1397:. Retrieved
1393:
1384:
1373:. Retrieved
1369:the original
1359:
1349:
1346:Entry "ulna"
1341:
1331:
1327:
1318:
1304:
1298:
1284:Ulnar artery
1250:Ulna anatomy
1162:
1154:
1131:
1093:
987:ulnar shaft
855:
850:
845:
770:of the ulna.
741:
720:
710:The ulna is
709:
699:The ulna is
662:
659:Microanatomy
588:
571:
560:
558:
543:
516:
497:
475:
444:
421:
407:
405:
393:
385:
349:
325:
310:
300:
288:
276:radial notch
266:and forms a
245:
234:
196:
192:
184:
180:
178:
132:A02.4.06.001
107:
21:
3100:Intermedium
2889:Intermedium
2607:Ceratohyoid
2442:Alisphenoid
2394:Otoccipital
2337:Exoccipital
2238:Postorbital
2233:Postfrontal
1898:ulnar notch
1818:epicondyles
1654:subscapular
1289:Ulnar nerve
1127:radial head
1123:dislocation
1038:radius bone
983:portion of
801:syndesmosis
779:pivot joint
752:articulates
684:Development
457:aponeurosis
268:hinge joint
97:Identifiers
3357:Long bones
3341:Categories
3282:Osteoderms
3221:Metatarsal
3187:Astragalus
3134:Centrale 4
3131:Centrale 3
3128:Centrale 2
3125:Centrale 1
2975:Metacarpal
2883:Triquetral
2753:Caudal rib
2748:Dorsal rib
2622:Thyrohyoid
2617:Stylohyoid
2584:Surangular
2573:Predentary
2347:Opisthotic
2253:Premaxilla
2248:Prefrontal
2190:Internasal
2176:Skull roof
1991:triquetral
1926:tuberosity
1891:tuberosity
1757:anatomical
1399:2024-08-21
1375:2022-08-24
1295:References
1167:and other
856:Attachment
746:joint and
535:, and the
467:, and the
357:brachialis
282:, and the
185:ulnar bone
3272:Gastralia
3266:Baubellum
3226:Phalanges
3197:Navicular
3119:Centralia
3109:Calcaneum
2980:Phalanges
2940:Trapezoid
2933:Trapezium
2794:Cleithrum
2716:Pygostyle
2669:Vertebrae
2602:Basihyoid
2547:Articular
2488:Columella
2460:Pterygoid
2388:Occipital
2315:Braincase
2275:Squamosal
2207:Zygomatic
2071:Phalanges
2006:trapezoid
2001:trapezium
1930:olecranon
1858:olecranon
1808:capitulum
1767:tubercles
1687:tubercles
1524:0036-8075
1418:InnerBody
1169:dinosaurs
1116:olecranon
1098:include:
1084:Fractures
1001:posterior
897:Insertion
884:Insertion
867:Insertion
851:Direction
783:pronation
727:epiphysis
716:olecranon
665:long bone
480:supinator
449:olecranon
328:olecranon
321:semilunar
313:olecranon
270:with the
231:Structure
221:lower leg
201:long bone
3105:Fibulare
3036:Hindlimb
2947:Capitate
2909:Pisiform
2873:Scaphoid
2824:Forelimb
2799:Coracoid
2784:Clavicle
2612:Epihyoid
2579:Splenial
2557:Coronoid
2529:Mandible
2465:Quadrate
2454:Prevomer
2448:Palatine
2412:Temporal
2406:Petrosal
2228:Parietal
2213:Lacrimal
2142:skeleton
2139:tetrapod
2079:proximal
2011:capitate
1996:pisiform
1981:scaphoid
1854:coronoid
1813:trochlea
1761:surgical
1724:inferior
1720:superior
1706:acromion
1609:clavicle
1540:11610649
1532:17885130
1451:Page 158
1311:page 214
1256:See also
1206:3D image
1120:anterior
1021:proximal
985:anterior
754:) with:
733:Function
712:ossified
521:anconeus
491:Surfaces
345:anconeus
315:and the
278:for the
3331:Anatomy
3260:Baculum
3095:Tibiale
3060:Patella
3011:Ischium
2915:Pteroid
2869:Radiale
2832:Humerus
2814:Sternum
2809:Scapula
2788:Furcula
2562:Dentary
2551:Malleus
2537:Angular
2362:Prootic
2332:Ethmoid
2285:Tabular
2264:Rostral
2218:Maxilla
2184:Frontal
2167:Cranium
2137:in the
2021:hamulus
1869:Forearm
1836:lateral
1822:lateral
1771:greater
1739:Humerus
1728:lateral
1668:notches
1642:Scapula
1595:of the
1504:Bibcode
1496:Science
1179:Gallery
1125:of the
760:humerus
415:Borders
260:humerus
258:of the
248:process
223:is the
211:to the
205:forearm
203:in the
199:) is a
120:D014457
60:Details
24:(genus)
3317:Portal
3231:Ungual
3203:Cuboid
3080:Tarsus
3054:Fibula
2985:Ungual
2954:Hamate
2898:Lunate
2879:Ulnare
2861:Carpus
2709:Coccyx
2697:Sacrum
2492:Stapes
2426:Palate
2089:distal
2016:hamate
1986:lunate
1878:Radius
1850:radial
1846:fossae
1840:medial
1826:medial
1775:lesser
1716:angles
1650:fossae
1538:
1530:
1522:
1470:
1442:
1414:"Ulna"
1394:Kenhub
1319:(1918)
1158:horses
1069:Origin
1054:dorsal
1050:Origin
1033:Origin
1017:Origin
997:Origin
981:distal
977:Origin
960:Origin
948:radius
943:Origin
930:Origin
913:Origin
846:Muscle
775:radius
738:Joints
531:, the
463:, the
396:radius
250:, the
241:medial
225:fibula
217:radius
3191:Talus
3049:Tibia
3044:Femur
3021:Pubis
3016:Ilium
2852:Manus
2677:Atlas
2660:Axial
2594:Hyoid
2475:Vomer
2469:Incus
2223:Nasal
2203:Jugal
2155:Skull
2135:Bones
1753:necks
1593:Bones
1536:S2CID
1492:(PDF)
1309:from
1165:birds
803:joint
764:elbow
748:elbow
744:wrist
213:wrist
209:elbow
197:ulnas
193:ulnae
167:[
156:23466
103:Latin
3352:Ulna
2842:Ulna
2735:Ribs
2682:Axis
1964:Hand
1917:Ulna
1887:head
1787:body
1528:PMID
1520:ISSN
1468:ISBN
1440:ISBN
1137:cast
788:the
773:the
572:head
570:The
406:The
402:Body
386:The
350:The
326:The
181:ulna
179:The
144:1230
127:TA98
115:MeSH
108:ulna
39:Ulna
22:Ulna
3071:Pes
2061:5th
2056:4th
2051:3rd
2046:2nd
2041:1st
1597:arm
1512:doi
1500:317
1348:in
1333:OED
1163:In
195:or
189:pl.
183:or
151:FMA
139:TA2
3343::
1940:,
1936:,
1932:,
1928:,
1904:,
1900:,
1889:,
1856:,
1852:,
1838:,
1824:,
1773:,
1759:,
1726:,
1722:,
1693:,
1674:,
1660:,
1656:,
1607:,
1534:.
1526:.
1518:.
1510:.
1498:.
1494:.
1426:^
1416:.
1392:.
1040:)
1007:)
967:)
950:)
920:)
593:.
566:.
293:.
227:.
191::
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3319::
3263:/
3189:(
3166:)
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2956:)
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1402:.
1378:.
1354:.
1264:.
785:.
582:.
539:.
187:(
171:]
89:/
86:ə
83:n
80:l
77:ʌ
74:ˈ
71:/
33:.
26:.
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