166:
parade in 1952, and Duff was able to take 41.5% of the vote, although he failed to win the seat. Duff was more successful in May 1958, when he regained a seat on
Belfast City Council, with Charles McCullough also taking a seat for the UPA. Further, in 1960, Boal won the
242:'s Belfast offices led to two days of rioting after this was followed through. In the aftermath of these protests, Duff and James McCarroll were elected to Belfast City Council for the UPA. In 1966, the group re-formed as the Protestant Unionist Party.
93:
in 1920. The new body decided to call itself "Ulster
Protestant Action", and the first year of its existence was taken up with the discussion of vigilante patrols, street barricades and drawing up lists of IRA suspects in Belfast and rural areas.
183:
in
Belfast following a rally he had spoken at. His moves to form a Protestant unionist political party caused tensions in the group, and Paisley's supporters formed their own "Premier" branch of the UPA, reinforcing their control of the group.
149:
Although initially opposed to professional politicians, specifically banning them from membership of the group, the UPA stood the former
Belfast City Councillor and superintendent of an independent gospel mission, Albert Duff, against
168:
836:
141:
area under his direct control. The concern of the UPA increasingly came to focus on the defence of "Bible
Protestantism" and Protestant interests where jobs and housing were concerned.
577:
572:
755:
137:
were to be limited to the border areas, Ulster
Protestant Action remained in being. Factory and workplace branches were formed under the UPA, including one by Paisley in Belfast's
916:
382:
299:
See Wood, Ian S., 'The IRA's Border
Campaign' p.123 in Anderson, Malcolm and Eberhard Bort, ed. 'Irish Border: History, Politics, Culture'. Liverpool University Press. 1999
155:
911:
106:
921:
926:
936:
179:
As
Paisley came to dominate Ulster Protestant Action, he received his first convictions for public order offences. In June 1959, a major riot occurred on the
531:
467:
420:
931:
870:
730:
941:
620:
821:
375:
335:
740:
159:
82:
750:
635:
846:
110:
695:
508:
860:
368:
193:
826:
875:
760:
86:
537:
502:
461:
133:
Even though no IRA threat materialised in
Belfast, and despite it becoming clear that the IRA's activities during the
31:
890:
665:
615:
77:
also attended but took no further part in the group. The meeting's declared purpose was to organise the defence of
61:, in 1956. Among the attendees were many loyalists who were to become major figures in the 1960s and 1970, such as
885:
790:
690:
598:
391:
231:
42:
118:
230:
of local electoral areas for the election of urban and county councils. In 1964, Paisley's demand that the
543:
134:
54:
705:
90:
946:
204:
138:
70:
196:
715:
555:
438:
78:
640:
38:
670:
625:
610:
235:
219:
27:
831:
811:
780:
775:
770:
720:
700:
675:
645:
630:
514:
444:
313:
258:
211:
151:
905:
655:
479:
426:
215:
180:
114:
74:
710:
496:
226:
to the
Catholic minority in Northern Ireland, especially the proposed abolition of
223:
163:
102:
98:
66:
239:
841:
785:
765:
725:
660:
650:
549:
473:
432:
414:
227:
62:
685:
330:
162:. Maginess was perceived as being sympathetic to Catholics, having banned an
680:
360:
208:
34:
58:
274:
See CEB Brett, Long Shadows Cast Before, Edinburgh, 1978, pp.130–131.
364:
171:
constituency at Stormont as an official UUP candidate.
53:
The group was established at a special meeting at the
192:
In the 1960s, Paisley and the UPA campaigned against
859:
810:
803:
739:
597:
590:
565:
524:
489:
454:
407:
400:
295:
293:
97:The initial executive of the UPA consisted of
41:that was founded in 1956 and re-formed as the
376:
222:. They opposed efforts by O'Neill to deliver
8:
837:The Lord McCrea of Magherafelt and Cookstown
917:1966 disestablishments in Northern Ireland
807:
594:
404:
383:
369:
361:
309:
307:
305:
912:1956 establishments in Northern Ireland
336:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
318:Ian Paisley: Voice of Protestant Ulster
263:Ian Paisley: Voice of Protestant Ulster
251:
922:Far-right politics in Northern Ireland
160:1958 Northern Ireland general election
927:Political history of Northern Ireland
57:'s (UUP) offices in Glengall Street,
7:
937:Organizations disestablished in 1966
194:Prime Minister of Northern Ireland
14:
932:Organizations established in 1956
85:(IRA) activity, based on the old
16:Ulster loyalist group (1956–1966)
188:Campaign against Terence O'Neill
942:Ulster loyalist militant groups
347:Ed Moloney and Andrew Pollak,
283:Ed Moloney and Andrew Pollak,
1:
87:Ulster Protestant Association
847:The Lord Weir of Ballyholme
963:
891:Traditional Unionist Voice
876:Conservative–DUP agreement
842:The Lord Dodds of Duncairn
822:The Lord Browne of Belmont
207:and his meetings with its
81:areas against anticipated
886:Protestant Unionist Party
393:Democratic Unionist Party
331:Maginess, (William) Brian
232:Royal Ulster Constabulary
43:Protestant Unionist Party
32:Protestant fundamentalist
881:Ulster Protestant Action
827:The Lord Hay of Ballyore
804:Ennobled representatives
214:, an IRA veteran of the
20:Ulster Protestant Action
591:Elected representatives
447:(interim, 2024–present)
89:immediately after the
145:Venture into politics
121:, with Paisley as an
83:Irish Republican Army
55:Ulster Unionist Party
706:Emma Little-Pengelly
566:Leadership elections
91:partition of Ireland
30:political party and
525:General secretaries
205:Republic of Ireland
187:
175:Split with Paisley
109:, Richard Fenton,
107:Charles McCullough
69:. The independent
899:
898:
855:
854:
799:
798:
716:Michelle McIlveen
586:
585:
556:Michelle McIlveen
439:Jeffrey Donaldson
117:, Bob Newman and
79:Ulster Protestant
954:
871:Election results
863:
814:
808:
761:Gregory Campbell
743:
641:Jonathan Buckley
603:
602:Ireland Assembly
595:
405:
394:
385:
378:
371:
362:
352:
345:
339:
327:
321:
311:
300:
297:
288:
281:
275:
272:
266:
256:
169:Belfast Shankill
113:, Sammy Verner,
39:Northern Ireland
962:
961:
957:
956:
955:
953:
952:
951:
902:
901:
900:
895:
861:
851:
832:The Lord Morrow
812:
795:
756:MPs (2005–2010)
751:(MPs 1971–2019)
741:
735:
671:Deborah Erskine
636:Thomas Buchanan
626:Cheryl Brownlee
611:Maurice Bradley
601:
599:
582:
561:
538:William Beattie
520:
503:William Beattie
485:
462:William Beattie
450:
396:
392:
389:
358:
356:
355:
346:
342:
328:
324:
312:
303:
298:
291:
282:
278:
273:
269:
257:
253:
248:
236:Irish Tricolour
220:Irish Civil War
197:Terence O'Neill
190:
177:
147:
135:Border Campaign
131:
129:Change in focus
51:
28:Ulster loyalist
17:
12:
11:
5:
960:
958:
950:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
904:
903:
897:
896:
894:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
867:
865:
862:Related topics
857:
856:
853:
852:
850:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
818:
816:
813:House of Lords
805:
801:
800:
797:
796:
794:
793:
788:
783:
781:Gavin Robinson
778:
776:Ian Paisley Jr
773:
771:Carla Lockhart
768:
763:
758:
753:
747:
745:
737:
736:
734:
733:
728:
723:
721:Gary Middleton
718:
713:
708:
703:
701:Brian Kingston
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
676:Diane Forsythe
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
646:Joanne Bunting
643:
638:
633:
631:Keith Buchanan
628:
623:
618:
613:
607:
605:
592:
588:
587:
584:
583:
581:
580:
575:
569:
567:
563:
562:
560:
559:
558:(2008–present)
553:
547:
541:
535:
532:Peter Robinson
528:
526:
522:
521:
519:
518:
517:(2000–present)
515:Maurice Morrow
512:
506:
500:
493:
491:
487:
486:
484:
483:
482:(2021–present)
477:
471:
468:Peter Robinson
465:
458:
456:
455:Deputy leaders
452:
451:
449:
448:
445:Gavin Robinson
442:
436:
430:
424:
421:Peter Robinson
418:
411:
409:
402:
398:
397:
390:
388:
387:
380:
373:
365:
354:
353:
340:
322:
314:Clifford Smyth
301:
289:
276:
267:
259:Clifford Smyth
250:
249:
247:
244:
228:gerrymandering
189:
186:
176:
173:
152:Brian Maginess
146:
143:
130:
127:
50:
47:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
959:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
909:
907:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
868:
866:
864:
858:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
819:
817:
815:
809:
806:
802:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
748:
746:
744:
738:
732:
731:Alan Robinson
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
696:William Irwin
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
666:Stephen Dunne
664:
662:
659:
657:
656:Trevor Clarke
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
616:Phillip Brett
614:
612:
609:
608:
606:
604:
596:
593:
589:
579:
576:
574:
571:
570:
568:
564:
557:
554:
551:
548:
545:
542:
539:
536:
533:
530:
529:
527:
523:
516:
513:
510:
509:James McClure
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
494:
492:
488:
481:
480:Paula Bradley
478:
475:
472:
469:
466:
463:
460:
459:
457:
453:
446:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
428:
427:Arlene Foster
425:
422:
419:
416:
413:
412:
410:
406:
403:
399:
395:
386:
381:
379:
374:
372:
367:
366:
363:
359:
350:
344:
341:
338:
337:
332:
326:
323:
319:
315:
310:
308:
306:
302:
296:
294:
290:
286:
280:
277:
271:
268:
264:
260:
255:
252:
245:
243:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
216:Easter Rising
213:
210:
206:
202:
201:rapprochement
198:
195:
185:
182:
181:Shankill Road
174:
172:
170:
165:
161:
157:
153:
144:
142:
140:
136:
128:
126:
124:
120:
116:
115:Herbert Ditty
112:
108:
104:
100:
95:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
75:Norman Porter
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
48:
46:
44:
40:
36:
33:
29:
25:
21:
880:
791:Sammy Wilson
711:Gordon Lyons
691:Harry Harvey
621:David Brooks
497:Desmond Boal
357:
348:
343:
334:
325:
317:
284:
279:
270:
262:
254:
224:civil rights
200:
191:
178:
164:Orange Order
148:
132:
122:
119:Noel Doherty
111:Frank Millar
103:Billy Spence
99:John McQuade
96:
67:Desmond Boal
52:
23:
19:
18:
786:Jim Shannon
766:Paul Girvan
742:Westminster
726:Edwin Poots
661:Diane Dodds
651:Pam Cameron
552:(1993–2008)
550:Nigel Dodds
511:(1980–2000)
476:(2008–2021)
474:Nigel Dodds
470:(1980–2008)
441:(2021–2024)
433:Edwin Poots
417:(1971–2008)
415:Ian Paisley
212:Seán Lemass
63:Ian Paisley
947:Vigilantes
906:Categories
686:Paul Givan
401:Leadership
246:References
234:remove an
123:ex officio
681:Paul Frew
600:Northern
578:June 2021
546:(1983–92)
544:Alan Kane
540:(1980–83)
534:(1975–79)
505:(1973–80)
499:(1971–73)
464:(1971–80)
429:(2015–21)
423:(2008–15)
240:Sinn Féin
209:Taoiseach
203:with the
139:Ravenhill
45:in 1966.
37:group in
35:vigilante
26:) was an
573:May 2021
125:member.
71:unionist
49:Founding
408:Leaders
351:, p.100
349:Paisley
285:Paisley
158:at the
59:Belfast
490:Chairs
435:(2021)
287:, p.82
156:Iveagh
320:, p.9
265:, p.6
238:from
218:and
65:and
333:",
199:'s
154:in
73:MP
24:UPA
908::
316:,
304:^
292:^
261:,
105:,
101:,
384:e
377:t
370:v
329:"
22:(
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