456:(TTL) and Bushnell's game. Feeling the basic game was too boring, Alcorn added features to give the game more appeal. He divided the paddle into eight segments to change the ball's angle of return. For example, the center segments return the ball at a 90° angle in relation to the paddle, while the outer segments return the ball at smaller angles. He also made the ball accelerate the longer it remained in play; missing the ball reset the speed. Another feature was that the in-game paddles were unable to reach the top of the screen. This was caused by a simple circuit that had an inherent defect. Instead of dedicating time to fixing the defect, Alcorn decided it gave the game more difficulty and helped limit the time the game could be played; he imagined two skilled players being able to play forever otherwise.
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342:. The player controls an in-game paddle by moving it vertically across the left or right side of the screen. They can compete against another player controlling a second paddle on the opposing side. Players use the paddles to hit a ball back and forth. The goal is for each player to reach eleven points before the opponent; points are earned when one fails to return the ball to the other.
760:. Magnavox argued that Atari had infringed on Sanders Associates' patents relating to the concept of electronic ping-pong based on detailed records Ralph Baer kept of the Odyssey's design process dating back to 1966. Other documents included depositions from witnesses and a signed guest book that demonstrated Bushnell had played the Odyssey's table tennis game prior to releasing
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721:. Supervised by Jimm Tubb, the factory fulfilled the Sears order. The first units manufactured, branded with Sears' "Tele-Games" name, started to sell around the end of October to mid November 1975 with a 1-year warranty for $ 98.95 and an additional $ 7.95 for the optional AC adapter. Atari later released a version under its own brand in 1976.
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US$ 1.5 million payable in eight installments. In addition, Magnavox obtained the right to full information on Atari products publicly announced or released over the next year. Magnavox continued to pursue legal action against the other companies, and proceedings began shortly after Atari's settlement. The first case took place at the
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advertisement in the sporting goods section of its catalog. Atari staff (including
Bushnell and Lipkin) discussed the game with a representative, Tom Quinn, who expressed enthusiasm and offered the company an exclusive deal. Believing they could find more favorable terms elsewhere, Atari's executives
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on 29 November 1972. Management sought assembly workers at the local unemployment office, but was unable to keep up with demand. The first arcade cabinets produced were assembled very slowly, about ten machines a day, many of which failed quality testing. Atari eventually streamlined the process and
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Three months into development, Bushnell told Alcorn he wanted the game to feature realistic sound effects and a roaring crowd. Dabney wanted the game to "boo" and "hiss" when a player lost a round. Alcorn had limited space available for the necessary electronics and was unaware of how to create such
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in 1977, which plays six variations of electronic tennis. The next year, it was followed by an updated version, the Color TV-Game 15, which features fifteen variations. The systems were
Nintendo's entry into the home video game market and the first to produce themselves—they had previously licensed
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After hearing about the game's success, Bushnell decided there would be more profit for Atari to manufacture the game rather than license it, but the interest of Bally and Midway had already been piqued. Bushnell decided to inform each of the two groups that the other was uninterested—Bushnell told
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prototype at a local bar, Andy Capp's Tavern. They selected the bar because of their good working relation with the bar's owner and manager, Bill Gaddis; Atari supplied pinball machines to Gaddis. Bushnell and Alcorn placed the prototype on one of the tables near the other entertainment machines: a
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After considering his options, Bushnell decided to settle with
Magnavox out of court in June 1976. Bushnell's lawyer felt they could win; however, he estimated legal costs of US$ 1.5 million, which would have exceeded Atari's funds. Magnavox offered Atari an agreement to become a licensee for
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Similar to the arcade version, several companies released clones to capitalize on the home console's success, many of which continued to produce new consoles and video games. Magnavox re-released their
Odyssey system with simplified hardware and new features and, later, released updated versions.
1434:-themed clock as a fun project within their offices. After the studio decided to manufacture it for retail, Atari took legal action in February 2006. The two companies eventually reached an agreement in which Buro Vormkrijgers could produce a limited number under license. In 1999, French artist
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and there's nobody to play.' It was a way you could play games, you were sitting shoulder to shoulder, you could talk, you could laugh, you could challenge each other ... As you became better friends, you could put down your beer and hug. You could put your arm around the person. You could play
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was an instant success following its limited 1975 release through Sears; around 150,000 units were sold that holiday season. The game became Sears' most successful product at the time, which earned Atari a Sears
Quality Excellence Award. Atari's own version sold an additional 50,000 units.
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140–160 plays daily per console at $ 0.25 per play), which he described as nothing he'd ever seen before in the coin-operated entertainment industry at the time. The game's earning power resulted in an increase in the number of orders Atari received. This provided Atari with a steady source of
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to fulfill his contract with Bally, rather than the driving game. A few days later, the prototype began exhibiting technical issues and Gaddis contacted Alcorn to fix it. Upon inspecting the machine, Alcorn discovered that the problem was that the coin mechanism was overflowing with quarters.
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the designs in the evenings. After the designs were approved, fellow Atari engineer Bob Brown assisted Alcorn and Lee in building a prototype. The prototype consisted of a device attached to a wooden pedestal containing over a hundred wires, which would eventually be replaced with a
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clones"; author Steven Kent estimated that Atari had produced less than a third of the machines. Bushnell referred to the competitors as "Jackals" because he felt they had an unfair advantage. His solution to competing against them was to produce more innovative games and concepts.
659:, named after an employee at Atari. Alcorn worked with Lee to develop the designs and prototype and based them on the same digital technology used in their arcade games. The two worked in shifts to save time and money; Lee worked on the design's logic during the day, while Alcorn
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While at the show, they met Quinn again, and, a few days later, set up a meeting with him to obtain a sales order. In order to gain approval from the
Sporting Goods department, Quinn suggested Atari demonstrate the game to executives in Chicago. Alcorn and Lipkin traveled to the
428:
for a product, and asked Alcorn to create a simple game with one moving spot, two paddles, and digits for score keeping. In 2011, Bushnell stated that the game was inspired by previous versions of electronic tennis he had played before; Bushnell played a version on a
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the Bally executives that the Midway executives did not want it and vice versa—to preserve the relationships for future dealings. Upon hearing
Bushnell's comment, the two groups declined his offer. Bushnell had difficulty finding financial backing for
888:
as a lucrative enterprise. Video game author David Ellis sees the game as the cornerstone of the video game industry's success, and called the arcade game "one of the most historically significant" titles. Kent attributes the "arcade phenomenon" to
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being the rarest. Soon after the game's successful testing at Andy Capp's Tavern, other companies began visiting the bar to inspect it. Similar games appeared on the market three months later, produced by companies like Ramtek and
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and, despite a technical complication in connection with an antenna on top of the building which broadcast on the same channel as the game, obtained approval. Bushnell told Quinn he could produce 75,000 units in time for the
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along with the
Magnavox Odyssey. Soon after its release, several companies began producing games that closely mimicked its gameplay. Eventually, Atari's competitors released new types of video games that deviated from
668:
designed by Alcorn and Lee; the chip had yet to be tested and built before the prototype was constructed. The chip was finished in the latter half of 1974, and was, at the time, the highest-performing chip used in a
479:, and soldered the wires into boards to create the necessary circuitry. The prototype impressed Bushnell and Dabney so much that they felt it could be a profitable product and decided to test its marketability.
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990:, since it was multiplayer-only and did not require each player to use more than one hand: "It was very common to have a girl with a quarter in hand pull a guy off a bar stool and say, 'I'd like to play
955:. The revenue generated from them—each system sold over a million units—helped the company survive a difficult financial time, and spurred them to pursue video games further. After seeing the success of
1890:
714:; however, Quinn requested double the amount. Though Bushnell knew Atari lacked the capacity to manufacture 150,000 units, he agreed. Atari acquired a new factory through funding obtained by
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where he played the
Magnavox Odyssey demonstration, specifically the table tennis game. Though he thought the game lacked quality, seeing it prompted Bushnell to assign the project to Alcorn.
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arcade games manufactured by Atari were a great success. The prototype was well received by Andy Capp's Tavern patrons; people came to the bar solely to play the game. Following its release,
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503:. The game was well received the first night and its popularity continued to grow over the next one and a half weeks. Bushnell then went on a business trip to Chicago to demonstrate
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823:. By 1973, the company had filled 2,500 orders, and at the end of 1974, sold more than 8,000 units. The arcade cabinets have since become collector's items with the
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764:. In response to claims that he saw the Odyssey, Bushnell later stated that, "The fact is that I absolutely did see the Odyssey game and I didn't think it was very clever."
304:
retail stores. The home version was also a commercial success and led to numerous clones. The game was remade on numerous home and portable platforms following its release.
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Bushnell felt the best way to compete against imitators was to create better products, leading Atari to produce sequels in the years following the original's release:
3399:"The 103 Classic Games That Did, and Didn't, Make the Atari 50 Anniversary Cut — Retailer Leak Suggests Games from Arcade to Jaguar; Surprises Apparently Still Await"
262:
were surprised by the quality of Alcorn's work and decided to manufacture the game. Bushnell based the game's concept on an electronic ping-pong game included in the
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consoles are moderately rare. Prices among collectors, however, vary with rarity; the Sears Tele-Games versions are often cheaper than those with the Atari brand.
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To acclimate Alcorn to creating games, Bushnell gave him a project secretly meant to be a warm-up exercise. Bushnell told Alcorn that he had a contract with
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624:(LSI) chip, had recently become available, which Bushnell believed would "allow pioneering in new" game concepts. Atari began working on the reduction of
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referred to the game's release as the start of a new entertainment medium, and commented that its simple, intuitive gameplay made it a success. In 1995,
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468:, he discovered that it could generate different tones and used those for the game's sound effects. To construct the prototype, Alcorn purchased a $ 75
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technology used in the game. When the company did file for patents, complications delayed the process. As a result, the market consisted primarily of "
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in
Chicago, with Judge John Grady presiding. Magnavox won the suit against the remaining defendants. Atari may have delayed the announcement of the
632:(PCB) down to a small LSI chip for use in a home system. The initial development cost for a game on a single LSI chip was expensive, costing around
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consistently earned four times more revenue than other coin-operated machines. Bushnell estimated that the game earned US$ 35–40 per day (i.e.
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left-handed if you so desired. In fact, there are a lot of people who have come up to me over the years and said, 'I met my wife playing
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536:; banks viewed it as a variant of pinball, which at the time the general public associated with the Mafia. Atari eventually obtained a
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because of his experience with electrical engineering and computer science; Bushnell and Dabney also had previously worked with him at
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that built upon the original's gameplay by adding new features. During the 1975 Christmas season, Atari released a home version of
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is the ultimate two-player challenge – a test of reaction times and very simple strategy stripped down to its barest essentials."
6053:
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385:, Bushnell decided to form a company to produce more games by licensing ideas to other companies. The first contract was with
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computer in 1964 while attending college. However, Alcorn has claimed it was in direct response to Bushnell's viewing of the
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was developed by Chequered Ink and released by Atari on Steam, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Nintendo Switch. A remake of
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401:. Prior to working at Atari, Alcorn had no experience with video games. Bushnell had originally planned to develop a
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as number 34 on their "Top 50 Games of All Time", commenting that, "Despite, or perhaps because of, its simplicity,
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and Atari's games that followed it, and considers the release of the home version the successful beginning of home
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They Create Worlds: The Story of the People and Companies That Shaped the Video Game Industry, Vol. I: 1971–1982
2339:
They Create Worlds: The Story of the People and Companies That Shaped the Video Game Industry, Vol. I: 1971-1982
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The former site of Andy Capp's Tavern in 2023, which was replaced by the Rooster T. Feathers comedy club in 1984
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one of the top ten games for the Atari 2600 in 2013. Many of the companies that produced their own versions of
1300:. This game was released as part of a trend within the time period of popular arcade games being remade with
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636: (equivalent to $ 376,000 in 2023), but once the chip was developed, it became significantly cheaper to
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Bushnell and Gene Lipkin, Atari's vice-president of sales, approached toy and electronic retailers to sell
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285:'s original format to varying degrees, and this, in turn, led Atari to encourage its staff to move beyond
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in a tennis match against the white, in-game paddle. Other video games have also referenced and parodied
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and altered Snoopy to a generic dog to avoid legal action. Bushnell later used the game in his chain of
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Game Over: How Nintendo Zapped an American Industry, Captured Your Dollars, and Enslaved Your Children
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created an installation titled "Atari Light", in which two people use handheld gaming devices to play
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832:. Atari could do little against the competitors as they had not initially filed for patents on the
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The game was also included as a loading screen minigame on the PlayStation 2 and Xbox versions of
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by a few months to avoid disclosing information about the system under the settlement agreement.
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452:, but found them to be illegible. He went on to create his own designs based on his knowledge of
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The two paddles return the ball back and forth. The score is displayed at the top of the screen.
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where the object of the game is to remove bricks from a wall by hitting them with a ball. Like
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421:. However, Bushnell had concerns that it might be too complicated for Alcorn's first game.
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3864:"Atari celebrates 40 years of Pong with new, free iOS Pong game, custom portable Xbox 360"
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has also been included in several Atari compilations on many different platforms, such as
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was officially released in November 1973 by Atari Japan, which would later become part of
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1187:—has them compete against each other in a four-way field. Bushnell also conceptualized a
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1171:. The sequels feature similar graphics, but include new gameplay elements; for example,
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3919:"Intellivision Reveals Initial Details For The Upcoming Amico Home Video Game Console!"
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meant to showcase the various aspects of video game history, development, and culture.
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that it used to expand its facilities to house an assembly line. The company announced
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declined and continued to pursue toy retailers. In January 1975, Atari staff set up a
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consoles and the numerous clones have since become varying levels of rare; Atari's
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Helgeson, Matt (March 2011). "The Father of the Game Industry Returns to Atari".
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was the first commercially successful video game, and it helped to establish the
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Lowood, H. (2009). "Videogames in Computer Space: The Complex History of Pong".
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television set from a local store, placed it into a 4-foot (1.2 m) wooden
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began producing the game in greater quantities. By 1973, they began shipping
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1819:"Nolan Bushnell: Transcript of an interview conducted by Christopher Weaver"
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decided to break into the arcade game market and released its first title,
701:, but was unsuccessful in soliciting orders due to high price of the unit.
3903:
3700:"Breaking Down Breakout: System And Level Design For Breakout-style Games"
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967:. Its moderate success drove the company to develop more titles. In 2015,
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staff ignor hundreds of thousands of dollars of 32-bit software to play
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3271:"Retro Arcade Masterpieces Hit Store Shelves in Atari Classics Evolved"
860:
variants and was also succeeded by newer models. Nintendo released the
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and originally released on 29 November 1972. It is one of the earliest
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3169:
Retro Gamer Staff (August 2008). "Developer Lookback: Konami Part I".
2026:"Pong 40th anniversary – Rooster T. Feathers – Features & Columns"
905:
magazine ranked the game 56th on their "Top 100 Video Games." In 1996
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4187:"Tech rewind: Interesting facts about the hit arcade video game Pong"
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2503:"Atari Markets 'Pong' TV Home Unit; Consumer Distribution Thru Sears"
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3435:"Atari, Alliance Gaming to Develop Slots Based on Atari Video Games"
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to entertain children in a Doctor's office. He initially titled it
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Digital Play: The interaction of Technology, Culture and Marketing
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named it one of the "Top 100 Games of All Time", recounting that "
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270:. In response, Magnavox later sued Atari for patent infringement.
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In April 1974 Magnavox filed suit against Atari, Allied Leisure,
2616:"Magnavox Sues Firms Making Video Games, Charges Infringement".
1527:. No. 6 (March 1988). 4 February 1988. pp. 29–32 (31).
1359:
The game is featured in episodes of television series including
1151:), was one of the many consoles that flooded the market by 1977.
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4400:
4296:
Kline, Stephen; Dyer-Witheford, Nick; De Peuter, Greig (2003).
3953:. Season 1. Episode 22. 21 June 1999. Fox Broadcasting Company.
1493:] (in Japanese). Japan: Amusement News Agency. p. 51.
4363:
3974:. Season 9. Episode 15. 15 May 2005. Fox Broadcasting Company.
3836:
3804:
3239:
3057:
2477:
Kent, Steven (2001). "Could You Repeat That Two More Times?".
2372:
Kent, Steven (2001). "Could You Repeat That Two More Times?".
1787:
1595:
Arcade Fever: The Fan's Guide to The Golden Age of Video Games
1320:
798:
consoles made their way to various countries, like the Soviet
647:
In 1974, Atari engineer Harold Lee proposed a home version of
616:, Bushnell pushed his employees to create new products. A new
2189:. Charleston, South Carolina: The History Press. p. 87.
4353:
3995:. Season 1. Episode 5. New York City. 15 November 1975. NBC.
3752:"The Gorescore – Industry News You Can – The Return of Pong"
1491:
Arcade TV Game List: Domestic • Overseas Edition (1971-2005)
1323:, which was developed by zGames. In 2020, a new game titled
2585:"The History Of Pong: Avoid Missing Game to Start Industry"
919:
for hours when the Genesis version was released." In 1999,
254:
as a training exercise assigned to him by Atari co-founder
2118:"The Origins of the First Arcade Video Game: Atari's Pong"
1203:'s doghouse with the character on top, but retitled it to
1827:
Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation
819:
income; the company sold the machines at three times the
4988:
4396:
2980:
2978:
1007:
Atari remade the game on numerous platforms. In 1977,
999:,' and that's kind of a nice thing to have achieved."
437:'s Tennis game. In May 1972, Bushnell had visited the
6327:
1442:
on an illuminated ceiling. The work was shown at the
553:
to other countries with the aid of foreign partners.
1417:
as part of a special retro "Classic Arcade Medley".
6200:
6184:
6175:
6117:
6041:
5975:
5945:
5924:
5917:
5891:
5871:
5830:
5790:
5699:
5665:
5643:
5138:
5061:
5033:
5026:
4945:
4899:
4846:
4772:
4698:
4659:
4634:
4616:
4598:
4526:
4466:
4434:
2739:Goldberg, Marty; Vendel, Curt (2012). "Chapter 5".
2399:"Silicon Gulch cowboys aim to be top guns of games"
1331:has been announced for release exclusively for the
205:
193:
155:
131:
119:
80:
68:
44:
4070:"Banjo-Kazooie: Nuts & Bolts Updated Hands-On"
2638:"Genesis: How the Home Video Games Industry Began"
1776:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1421:'s song "Whatever Happened to Pong?" on the album
1311:In 2012, Atari celebrated the 40th anniversary of
1123:, however the Windows version doesn't include it.
1011:and several variants of the game were featured in
947:eventually became well known within the industry.
655:. The system began development under the codename
494:In August 1972, Bushnell and Alcorn installed the
2924:
2922:
2920:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2367:
2365:
2363:
413:(1969) which at the time was the biggest-selling
312:in Washington, D.C., due to its cultural impact.
2670:Kent, Steven (2001). "And Then There Was Pong".
2158:Kent, Steven (2001). "And Then There Was Pong".
2057:"Nov. 29, 1972: Pong, a Game Any Drunk Can Play"
1718:Kent, Steven (2001). "And Then There Was Pong".
1430:Dutch design studio Buro Vormkrijgers created a
448:Alcorn first examined Bushnell's schematics for
3917:Intellivision Entertainment (22 October 2018).
2886:
2884:
2882:
2790:
2788:
2714:Kent, Steven (2001). "A Case of Two Gorillas".
2583:Loguidice, Bill; Matt Barton (9 January 2009).
1743:Kent, Steven (2001). "Father of the Industry".
1175:allows four players to compete in pairs, while
2856:
2854:
1975:. New Jersey, USA: Rolenta Press. p. 81.
1673:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1448:Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Castilla y León
568:had been beaten to the market by two Japanese
289:and produce more innovative games themselves.
6014:
5004:
4572:
4412:
4389:can be played for free in the browser on the
4104:"Microsoft Brings Video Games Live To London"
4039:"The Greatest Games of All Time: Neuromancer"
3368:"Atari opens up massive classic-game library"
3337:"Atari: 80 Classic Games in One Company Line"
3217:"What the Hell has Nolan Bushnell Started?".
2828:
2826:
2824:
2762:
2760:
2215:
2213:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2143:
1351:console in a retro 1970s installation at the
1017:, one of the original release titles for the
951:entered the video game market with clones of
8:
3773:"Lost interview with Francois Yves Bertrand"
2956:"Timeline: A Look Back at 40 Years of Atari"
2186:Bay Area Stand-Up Comedy: A Humorous History
1713:
1711:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1304:and art styles. The game also featured many
986:was especially significant in its role as a
873:consoles are common, while APF Electronics'
4366:, an in-depth look at Atari and its history
3646:Official Price Guide to Classic Video Games
3025:Official Price Guide to Classic Video Games
2929:Kent, Steven (2001). "Strange Bedfellows".
2897:Official Price Guide to Classic Video Games
2861:Kent, Steven (2001). "The King and Court".
2801:Official Price Guide to Classic Video Games
2767:Kent, Steven (2001). "The King and Court".
2220:Kent, Steven (2001). "The King and Court".
1884:
1882:
1684:Official Price Guide to Classic Video Games
308:is part of the permanent collection of the
6449:Video games developed in the United States
6181:
6021:
6007:
5999:
5921:
5868:
5787:
5640:
5129:
5030:
5011:
4997:
4989:
4579:
4565:
4557:
4419:
4405:
4397:
4278:Phoenix: The Fall & Rise of Videogames
3108:. No. 21. September 1996. p. 47.
2407:. Vol. 1, no. 10. pp. 31–7.
1817:; Weaver, Christopher (17 November 2017).
1271:elements was reportedly in development by
393:. Soon after the founding, Bushnell hired
50:
41:
3966:It Ain't Over 'Til the Fat Neighbor Sings
3757:VideoGames – The Ultimate Gaming Magazine
3125:. No. 50. February 1999. p. 76.
2631:
2629:
2627:
2529:"Atari Brings 'Pong' Into The Livingroom"
1922:
1920:
1918:
852:entered the video game market with their
5416:
5402:
6334:
4318:IEEE Annals of the History of Computing
2994:(1st ed.). Random House. pp.
2556:Wish Book for the 1975 Christmas Season
1588:
1586:
1584:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1470:
3415:from the original on 14 September 2022
2933:. Three Rivers Press. pp. 94–95.
2837:. Three Rivers Press. pp. 60–61.
2771:. Three Rivers Press. pp. 53–54.
2674:. Three Rivers Press. pp. 45–48.
2481:. Three Rivers Press. pp. 84–87.
2376:. Three Rivers Press. pp. 80–83.
2224:. Three Rivers Press. pp. 50–53.
2162:. Three Rivers Press. pp. 43–45.
1747:. Three Rivers Press. pp. 34–35.
1722:. Three Rivers Press. pp. 38–39.
1450:in 2007. The game was included in the
1120:TD Overdrive: The Brotherhood of Speed
640:the game as well as more difficult to
4980:List of Atari, Inc. games (1972–1984)
4080:from the original on 23 December 2017
3874:from the original on 6 September 2017
3511:from the original on 13 November 2011
3397:Machkovech, Sam (12 September 2022).
3223:. No. 4. April 1995. p. 11.
3091:. No. 4. April 1995. p. 31.
2336:Smith, Alexander (19 November 2019).
2067:from the original on 1 September 2017
1949:from the original on 23 December 2011
1593:Sellers, John (August 2001). "Pong".
1213:restaurants. In 1976, Atari released
1084:Atari 50: The Anniversary Celebration
490:prototype that was used in the tavern
62:Neville Public Museum of Brown County
7:
6414:First-generation video game consoles
4159:Crecente, Brian (28 February 2006).
4068:Anderson, Luke (11 September 2008).
3844:from the original on 26 October 2012
3832:"Pong: The Next Level (PlayStation)"
3812:from the original on 31 October 2012
3673:Kent, Steven (2001). "The Jackals".
3378:from the original on 25 January 2018
3150:from the original on 15 January 2018
2833:Kent, Steven (2001). "The Jackals".
2311:Kent, Steven (2001). "The Jackals".
2262:from the original on 20 January 2013
2128:from the original on 11 January 2015
897:. Bill Loguidice and Matt Barton of
865:the Magnavox Odyssey. The dedicated
651:that would connect to a television:
258:, but Bushnell and Atari co-founder
4161:"Atari Threatens Pong Clock Makers"
2718:. Three Rivers Press. p. 201.
2420:the Ultimate History of Video Games
2292:from the original on 3 January 2018
1996:Morris, Dave (2004). "Funky Town".
1636:(2001). "And Then There Was Pong".
4230:from the original on 23 March 2014
4006:Ashcraft, Brian (22 August 2006).
3677:. Three Rivers Press. p. 71.
3441:. 9 September 2004. Archived from
3366:Kohler, Chris (7 September 2004).
3317:from the original on 16 March 2018
3192:The Strong National Museum of Play
3136:Morales, Aaron (25 January 2013).
2865:. Three Rivers Press. p. 58.
2644:from the original on 24 April 2016
2315:. Three Rivers Press. p. 74.
2282:"This Day in History: November 29"
2116:Goldberg, Harold (28 March 2011).
1841:from the original on 23 April 2021
1279:in September 1995 under the title
1235:that copied the gameplay, such as
969:The Strong National Museum of Play
786:History of the video game industry
693:booth at the American Toy Fair (a
292:Atari released several sequels to
25:
5707:
4199:from the original on 6 March 2017
3247:from the original on 13 July 2015
2397:Albarardo, Sonny (October 1975).
1795:from the original on 27 July 2017
1483:Akagi, Masumi (13 October 2006).
1106:Through an agreement with Atari,
6349:
6337:
4142:Song: Whatever Happened to Pong?
4037:Parker, Sam (13 February 2004).
3065:from the original on 2 July 2012
2097:from the original on 9 July 2017
2036:from the original on 9 July 2017
1945:. R. H. Baer Consultants. 1998.
1889:Rapp, David (29 November 2006).
1680:"A Brief History of Video Games"
1543:The Centre for Computing History
1427:references the game's elements.
1199:and fashioned the cabinet after
375:was the first game developed by
6419:Head-to-head arcade video games
4257:Zap! The Rise and Fall of Atari
4220:"London museum showcases games"
3698:Nelson, Mark (21 August 2007).
3675:Ultimate History of Video Games
3343:. 23 April 2004. Archived from
2931:Ultimate History of Video Games
2863:Ultimate History of Video Games
2835:Ultimate History of Video Games
2769:Ultimate History of Video Games
2716:Ultimate History of Video Games
2672:Ultimate History of Video Games
2479:Ultimate History of Video Games
2374:Ultimate History of Video Games
2313:Ultimate History of Video Games
2222:Ultimate History of Video Games
2183:G, Nina; Patterson, OJ (2022).
2160:Ultimate History of Video Games
1891:"The Mother of All Video Games"
1745:Ultimate History of Video Games
1720:Ultimate History of Video Games
1639:Ultimate History of Video Games
1402:Banjo-Kazooie: Nuts & Bolts
1219:, a single-player variation of
1074:Atari: 80 Classic Games in One!
499:jukebox, pinball machines, and
387:Bally Manufacturing Corporation
4218:Boyes, Emma (9 October 2006).
3750:Gore, Chris (September 1995).
2535:. 15 November 1975. p. 45
1486:アーケードTVゲームリスト国内•海外編(1971-2005)
1290:released a new title known as
880:Several publications consider
572:clones released in July 1973:
1:
6454:World Video Game Hall of Fame
3307:"Retro Atari Classics Review"
3102:"Top 100 Games of All Time".
2988:(1993). "In Heaven's Hands".
1973:Video Games: In The Beginning
1865:"The adventures of King Pong"
977:World Video Game Hall of Fame
6404:Cancelled Atari Jaguar games
3771:Schmudde (5 November 2014).
3119:"Top 50 Games of All Time".
2954:Booth, John (27 June 2012).
6439:Products introduced in 1972
6434:Paddle-and-ball video games
6409:Discrete video arcade games
4356:, comprehensive site about
3800:"Pong: The Next Level (PC)"
3621:. Killer List of Videogames
3599:. Killer List of Videogames
3577:. Killer List of Videogames
3555:. Killer List of Videogames
3533:. Killer List of Videogames
2697:The Story of Computer Games
1931:. No. 215. p. 39.
1781:Shea, Cam (10 March 2008).
1353:Computerspielemuseum Berlin
1296:for home computers and the
884:the game that launched the
454:transistor–transistor logic
6470:
3760:. No. 80. p. 20.
3739:. No. 70. p. 54.
3499:"TD Overdrive Xbox Review"
3497:Gestalt (18 August 2002).
3466:"PS2 Review: TD Overdrive"
3464:Munk, Simon (4 May 2002).
3175:. No. 53. p. 25.
2741:Atari Inc: Business is Fun
2640:. R. H. Baer Consultants.
2559:. Sears. 1975. p. 410
783:
604:console, released through
349:
29:
6286:Second generation →
6282:
5127:
4977:
4599:Syzygy Engineering (1971)
4482:Atari Anniversary Edition
3736:Electronic Gaming Monthly
3648:. Random House. pp.
3138:"The 10 best Atari games"
3027:. Random House. pp.
2899:. Random House. pp.
2443:Smith, Alexander (2019).
1568:Killer List of Videogames
1413:has performed audio from
49:
6444:Table tennis video games
6424:Home video game consoles
4300:. McGill-Queen's Press.
4275:Herman, Leonard (1997).
4163:. Kotaku. Archived from
4136:(Singer) (23 May 1994).
3729:Quartermann (May 1995).
3471:Computer and Video Games
2803:. Random House. p.
2418:Kent, Steven L/ (2001).
1108:Bally Gaming and Systems
240:two-dimensional graphics
6260:TV Tennis Electrotennis
6240:Magnavox Odyssey series
6049:Home video game console
2695:Nolan Bushnell (2003).
2618:The Wall Street Journal
2286:Computer History Museum
2091:www.computerhistory.org
2087:"Pong – CHM Revolution"
1832:Smithsonian Institution
1087:(2022) compilation for
622:large-scale integration
464:. After inspecting the
415:electro-mechanical game
368:as a training exercise.
346:Development and history
310:Smithsonian Institution
268:home video game console
5858:Transputer Workstation
5667:Software and utilities
4546:Atari Flashback series
2422:. Three Rivers Press.
1998:The Art of Game Worlds
1356:
1152:
1055:Atari Classics Evolved
825:cocktail-table version
803:
749:
684:after coming across a
609:
528:
491:
443:Burlingame, California
369:
325:
56:An upright cabinet of
6213:Coleco Telstar series
6162:Eighth (2012–present)
6061:Handheld game console
5932:825 80-Column Printer
5838:Atari 8-bit computers
4254:Cohen, Scott (1984).
3640:Ellis, David (2004).
3085:"Top 100 Video Games"
3019:Ellis, David (2004).
2891:Ellis, David (2004).
2795:Ellis, David (2004).
1783:"Al Alcorn Interview"
1678:Ellis, David (2004).
1346:
1134:
1114:version of the game.
793:
732:
725:Lawsuit from Magnavox
630:printed circuit board
618:electronic technology
612:After the success of
599:
526:
515:; he intended to use
485:
359:
323:
32:Pong (disambiguation)
6379:1972 in video gaming
6167:Ninth (2020–present)
4496:Retro Atari Classics
4457:Pong: The Next Level
4331:10.1109/MAHC.2009.53
4195:. 29 November 2015.
4140:Teenager of the Year
3906:on 11 February 2022.
3870:. 29 November 2012.
3642:"Dedicated Consoles"
3283:on 13 September 2012
3269:(20 December 2007).
3143:Entertainment Weekly
3021:"Dedicated Consoles"
2893:"Dedicated Consoles"
2636:Baer, Ralph (1998).
2246:"Production Numbers"
1943:"Video game history"
1455:Barbican Art Gallery
1424:Teenager of the Year
1409:. The concert event
1381:commercial featured
1293:Pong: The Next Level
1064:Retro Atari Classics
1059:PlayStation Portable
936:Entertainment Weekly
856:; it features three
628:from a large arcade
513:Midway Manufacturing
352:Origin of Atari Inc.
300:exclusively through
250:; it was created by
30:For other uses, see
6157:Seventh (2005–2017)
6030:Video game consoles
5958:Atari joystick port
5700:Video game consoles
4503:Atari Greatest Hits
3992:Saturday Night Live
3710:on 28 February 2011
3347:on 5 September 2012
2346:. pp. 191–95.
2030:www.metroactive.com
1374:Saturday Night Live
1333:Intellivision Amico
1127:Sequels and remakes
982:Bushnell felt that
895:video game consoles
886:video game industry
364:designed and built
278:video game industry
238:, featuring simple
6394:Atari arcade games
6389:Arcade video games
6235:Gameroom Tele-Pong
6142:Fourth (1987–2004)
6132:Second (1976–1992)
5937:1020 Color Printer
5892:Portable computers
5831:Personal computers
5473:Return of the Jedi
5228:Cloak & Dagger
4102:(28 August 2007).
4008:"Roddick vs. Pong"
3445:on 11 January 2013
2597:on 12 January 2009
2124:. No. March.
1646:. pp. 40–43.
1644:Three Rivers Press
1601:. pp. 16–17.
1459:Game On exhibition
1357:
1339:In popular culture
1288:Hasbro Interactive
1179:—also released by
1153:
830:Nutting Associates
821:cost of production
804:
750:
716:venture capitalist
610:
529:
492:
441:Profit Caravan in
403:driving video game
379:. After producing
370:
326:
248:arcade video games
242:, manufactured by
147:dedicated consoles
60:on display at the
18:Ultra Pong Doubles
6325:
6324:
6278:
6277:
6208:APF TV Fun series
6152:Sixth (1998–2013)
6147:Fifth (1993–2006)
6137:Third (1983–2003)
6127:First (1972–1980)
6085:Dedicated console
5996:
5995:
5971:
5970:
5887:
5886:
5826:
5825:
5721:Atari Video Music
5661:
5660:
5125:
5124:
5112:Nightdive Studios
5076:Atari Interactive
5047:Atari Corporation
4986:
4985:
4554:
4553:
4307:978-0-7735-2591-7
4288:978-0-9643848-2-8
4281:. Rolenta Press.
4267:978-0-07-011543-9
4049:on 2 January 2013
3305:(23 March 2005).
3235:"Arcade Classics"
2797:"Arcade Classics"
2701:Discovery Channel
2509:. 11 October 1975
2353:978-0-429-75261-2
1896:American Heritage
1875:on March 7, 2008.
1863:(June 12, 1999).
1446:in 2001, and the
1347:First generation
1273:Atari Corporation
1211:Chuck E. Cheese's
1079:personal computer
780:Impact and legacy
507:to executives at
236:sports video game
219:
218:
16:(Redirected from
6461:
6384:1972 video games
6354:
6353:
6352:
6342:
6341:
6333:
6192:Magnavox Odyssey
6182:
6034:first generation
6023:
6016:
6009:
6000:
5922:
5869:
5788:
5683:Atari Calculator
5641:
5606:Tournament Table
5172:Atari Basketball
5165:Asteroids Deluxe
5133:
5092:Cyan Engineering
5031:
5013:
5006:
4999:
4990:
4936:Tournament Table
4581:
4574:
4567:
4558:
4421:
4414:
4407:
4398:
4391:Internet Archive
4364:The Atari Museum
4342:
4311:
4292:
4271:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4235:
4215:
4209:
4208:
4206:
4204:
4183:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4172:
4156:
4150:
4149:
4130:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4119:
4110:. Archived from
4096:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4085:
4065:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4054:
4045:. Archived from
4034:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4023:
4014:. Archived from
4003:
3997:
3996:
3982:
3976:
3975:
3971:King of the Hill
3961:
3955:
3954:
3940:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3929:
3914:
3908:
3907:
3902:. Archived from
3890:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3879:
3860:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3849:
3828:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3817:
3796:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3785:
3768:
3762:
3761:
3747:
3741:
3740:
3726:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3706:. Archived from
3695:
3689:
3688:
3670:
3664:
3663:
3637:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3615:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3593:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3582:
3571:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3549:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3527:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3516:
3494:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3474:. Archived from
3461:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3394:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3363:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3352:
3333:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3299:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3279:. Archived from
3263:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3231:
3225:
3224:
3214:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3116:
3110:
3109:
3099:
3093:
3092:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3016:
3010:
3009:
2982:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2926:
2915:
2914:
2888:
2877:
2876:
2858:
2849:
2848:
2830:
2819:
2818:
2792:
2783:
2782:
2764:
2755:
2754:
2743:. Sygyzy Press.
2736:
2730:
2729:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2667:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2633:
2622:
2621:
2620:. 17 April 1974.
2613:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2593:. Archived from
2580:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2551:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2369:
2358:
2357:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2261:
2250:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2217:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2155:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2113:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2022:
2016:
2015:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1924:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1899:. Archived from
1886:
1877:
1876:
1871:. Archived from
1861:Pescovitz, David
1857:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1840:
1823:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1778:
1759:
1758:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1715:
1706:
1705:
1675:
1658:
1657:
1630:
1613:
1612:
1590:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1480:
1411:Video Games Live
1379:American Express
1368:King of the Hill
1231:was followed by
1051:Game Boy Advance
988:social lubricant
817:
758:Chicago Dynamics
747:
735:Magnavox Odyssey
712:Christmas season
686:Magnavox Odyssey
671:consumer product
642:reverse-engineer
635:
462:digital circuits
435:Magnavox Odyssey
426:General Electric
419:amusement arcade
405:, influenced by
264:Magnavox Odyssey
185:
176:
168:29 November 1972
167:
107:
98:
54:
42:
27:1972 arcade game
21:
6469:
6468:
6464:
6463:
6462:
6460:
6459:
6458:
6364:
6363:
6360:
6350:
6348:
6336:
6328:
6326:
6321:
6288:
6274:
6265:Unisonic series
6196:
6177:
6171:
6113:
6037:
6027:
5997:
5992:
5983:Atari Flashback
5967:
5941:
5913:
5883:
5867:
5822:
5786:
5695:
5657:
5639:
5382:Missile Command
5242:Crystal Castles
5141:
5134:
5121:
5097:Digital Eclipse
5086:Chuck E. Cheese
5063:
5057:
5022:
5017:
4987:
4982:
4973:
4941:
4895:
4842:
4768:
4694:
4655:
4630:
4612:
4594:
4585:
4555:
4550:
4522:
4489:Atari Anthology
4475:Arcade Classics
4462:
4430:
4425:
4360:and its origins
4350:
4345:
4314:
4308:
4295:
4289:
4274:
4268:
4260:. McGraw-Hill.
4253:
4249:
4247:Further reading
4244:
4243:
4233:
4231:
4217:
4216:
4212:
4202:
4200:
4185:
4184:
4180:
4170:
4168:
4167:on 12 July 2012
4158:
4157:
4153:
4146:Elektra Records
4132:
4131:
4127:
4117:
4115:
4114:on 19 July 2007
4098:
4097:
4093:
4083:
4081:
4067:
4066:
4062:
4052:
4050:
4036:
4035:
4031:
4021:
4019:
4018:on 29 June 2009
4005:
4004:
4000:
3984:
3983:
3979:
3963:
3962:
3958:
3942:
3941:
3937:
3927:
3925:
3916:
3915:
3911:
3892:
3891:
3887:
3877:
3875:
3862:
3861:
3857:
3847:
3845:
3830:
3829:
3825:
3815:
3813:
3798:
3797:
3793:
3783:
3781:
3770:
3769:
3765:
3749:
3748:
3744:
3731:"Gaming Gossip"
3728:
3727:
3723:
3713:
3711:
3697:
3696:
3692:
3685:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3660:
3639:
3638:
3634:
3624:
3622:
3617:
3616:
3612:
3602:
3600:
3595:
3594:
3590:
3580:
3578:
3573:
3572:
3568:
3558:
3556:
3551:
3550:
3546:
3536:
3534:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3514:
3512:
3496:
3495:
3491:
3481:
3479:
3478:on 9 March 2007
3463:
3462:
3458:
3448:
3446:
3433:
3432:
3428:
3418:
3416:
3396:
3395:
3391:
3381:
3379:
3365:
3364:
3360:
3350:
3348:
3335:
3334:
3330:
3320:
3318:
3303:Gerstmann, Jeff
3301:
3300:
3296:
3286:
3284:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3250:
3248:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3220:Next Generation
3216:
3215:
3211:
3201:
3199:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3153:
3151:
3135:
3134:
3130:
3122:Next Generation
3118:
3117:
3113:
3105:Next Generation
3101:
3100:
3096:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3068:
3066:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3039:
3018:
3017:
3013:
3006:
2984:
2983:
2976:
2966:
2964:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2941:
2928:
2927:
2918:
2911:
2890:
2889:
2880:
2873:
2860:
2859:
2852:
2845:
2832:
2831:
2822:
2815:
2794:
2793:
2786:
2779:
2766:
2765:
2758:
2751:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2726:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2682:
2669:
2668:
2657:
2647:
2645:
2635:
2634:
2625:
2615:
2614:
2610:
2600:
2598:
2582:
2581:
2572:
2562:
2560:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2538:
2536:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2512:
2510:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2489:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2430:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2384:
2371:
2370:
2361:
2354:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2323:
2310:
2309:
2305:
2295:
2293:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2248:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2232:
2219:
2218:
2211:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2170:
2157:
2156:
2141:
2131:
2129:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2100:
2098:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2070:
2068:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2039:
2037:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2012:
2004:. p. 166.
1995:
1994:
1990:
1983:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1952:
1950:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1926:
1925:
1916:
1906:
1904:
1888:
1887:
1880:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1821:
1815:Bushnell, Nolan
1813:
1812:
1808:
1798:
1796:
1780:
1779:
1762:
1755:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1730:
1717:
1716:
1709:
1702:
1677:
1676:
1661:
1654:
1632:
1631:
1616:
1609:
1592:
1591:
1582:
1572:
1570:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1547:
1545:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1501:
1482:
1481:
1472:
1467:
1444:Venice Biennale
1341:
1233:numerous clones
1129:
1089:Nintendo Switch
1030:Arcade Classics
1005:
922:Next Generation
913:Next Generation
908:Next Generation
862:Color TV-Game 6
854:Telstar console
815:
788:
782:
745:
727:
633:
594:
473:black-and-white
360:Atari engineer
354:
348:
338:that simulates
333:two-dimensional
318:
189:
180:
171:
162:
151:
115:
102:
89:
64:
40:
39:1972 video game
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6467:
6465:
6457:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6376:
6366:
6365:
6359:
6358:
6346:
6323:
6322:
6320:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6284:
6283:
6280:
6279:
6276:
6275:
6273:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6226:
6225:
6220:
6210:
6204:
6202:
6198:
6197:
6195:
6194:
6188:
6186:
6179:
6173:
6172:
6170:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6123:
6121:
6115:
6114:
6112:
6111:
6110:
6109:
6099:
6097:Hybrid console
6094:
6093:
6092:
6082:
6081:
6080:
6070:
6069:
6068:
6058:
6057:
6056:
6045:
6043:
6039:
6038:
6028:
6026:
6025:
6018:
6011:
6003:
5994:
5993:
5991:
5990:
5985:
5979:
5977:
5973:
5972:
5969:
5968:
5966:
5965:
5963:XG-1 light gun
5960:
5955:
5949:
5947:
5946:Gaming devices
5943:
5942:
5940:
5939:
5934:
5928:
5926:
5919:
5915:
5914:
5912:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5895:
5893:
5889:
5888:
5885:
5884:
5882:
5881:
5875:
5873:
5866:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5834:
5832:
5828:
5827:
5824:
5823:
5821:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5794:
5792:
5785:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5773:
5772:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5741:
5740:
5730:
5723:
5718:
5711:
5703:
5701:
5697:
5696:
5694:
5693:
5686:
5679:
5671:
5669:
5663:
5662:
5659:
5658:
5656:
5655:
5647:
5645:
5638:
5637:
5630:
5623:
5616:
5609:
5602:
5595:
5588:
5581:
5574:
5567:
5564:Super Breakout
5560:
5553:
5546:
5539:
5532:
5525:
5518:
5511:
5504:
5497:
5490:
5483:
5476:
5469:
5462:
5455:
5448:
5441:
5434:
5427:
5420:
5413:
5406:
5399:
5392:
5385:
5378:
5371:
5364:
5357:
5350:
5343:
5336:
5329:
5322:
5315:
5308:
5301:
5294:
5287:
5280:
5273:
5266:
5259:
5252:
5245:
5238:
5235:Crash 'N Score
5231:
5224:
5217:
5210:
5203:
5196:
5189:
5182:
5179:Atari Football
5175:
5168:
5161:
5154:
5146:
5144:
5142:and amusements
5136:
5135:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5067:
5065:
5059:
5058:
5056:
5055:
5050:
5044:
5037:
5035:
5028:
5024:
5023:
5018:
5016:
5015:
5008:
5001:
4993:
4984:
4983:
4978:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4971:
4964:
4957:
4949:
4947:
4943:
4942:
4940:
4939:
4932:
4925:
4918:
4911:
4908:Atari Football
4903:
4901:
4897:
4896:
4894:
4893:
4886:
4879:
4872:
4865:
4858:
4850:
4848:
4844:
4843:
4841:
4840:
4833:
4826:
4819:
4812:
4805:
4798:
4791:
4784:
4776:
4774:
4770:
4769:
4767:
4766:
4759:
4752:
4745:
4738:
4731:
4724:
4717:
4714:Crash 'N Score
4710:
4702:
4700:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4692:
4685:
4678:
4671:
4663:
4661:
4657:
4656:
4654:
4653:
4646:
4638:
4636:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4628:
4620:
4618:
4614:
4613:
4611:
4610:
4607:Computer Space
4602:
4600:
4596:
4595:
4586:
4584:
4583:
4576:
4569:
4561:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4548:
4543:
4540:Video Olympics
4536:
4530:
4528:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4520:
4513:
4506:
4499:
4492:
4485:
4478:
4470:
4468:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4460:
4453:
4446:
4438:
4436:
4432:
4431:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4416:
4409:
4401:
4395:
4394:
4384:
4375:
4367:
4361:
4354:Pong-story.com
4349:
4348:External links
4346:
4344:
4343:
4312:
4306:
4293:
4287:
4272:
4266:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4210:
4178:
4151:
4125:
4091:
4060:
4029:
3998:
3977:
3956:
3950:That '70s Show
3935:
3909:
3885:
3855:
3823:
3791:
3763:
3742:
3721:
3690:
3683:
3665:
3658:
3632:
3610:
3588:
3566:
3544:
3531:"Pong Doubles"
3522:
3489:
3456:
3426:
3389:
3358:
3328:
3294:
3258:
3226:
3209:
3178:
3161:
3128:
3111:
3094:
3076:
3044:
3037:
3011:
3004:
2974:
2946:
2939:
2916:
2909:
2878:
2871:
2850:
2843:
2820:
2813:
2784:
2777:
2756:
2750:978-0985597405
2749:
2731:
2724:
2706:
2687:
2680:
2655:
2623:
2608:
2570:
2546:
2520:
2494:
2487:
2469:
2455:
2435:
2428:
2410:
2389:
2382:
2359:
2352:
2328:
2321:
2303:
2273:
2237:
2230:
2209:
2195:
2175:
2168:
2139:
2108:
2078:
2047:
2017:
2010:
1988:
1981:
1971:(April 2005).
1960:
1934:
1914:
1903:on 17 May 2008
1878:
1852:
1834:. p. 33.
1806:
1760:
1753:
1735:
1728:
1707:
1700:
1659:
1652:
1614:
1607:
1580:
1555:
1530:
1506:
1500:978-4990251215
1499:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1389:; for example
1377:. In 2006, an
1362:That '70s Show
1340:
1337:
1128:
1125:
1037:, Paired with
1014:Video Olympics
1004:
1001:
781:
778:
770:district court
748:s development.
737:, invented by
726:
723:
593:
590:
538:line of credit
501:Computer Space
466:sync generator
450:Computer Space
382:Computer Space
347:
344:
317:
314:
256:Nolan Bushnell
217:
216:
207:
203:
202:
197:
191:
190:
188:
187:
178:
169:
159:
157:
153:
152:
150:
149:
143:
137:
135:
129:
128:
123:
117:
116:
114:
113:
100:
86:
84:
78:
77:
72:
66:
65:
55:
47:
46:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6466:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6371:
6369:
6362:
6357:
6347:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6331:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6289:
6287:
6281:
6271:
6270:Video Pinball
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6255:TV Scoreboard
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6245:PC-50x Family
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6230:Color TV-Game
6228:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6215:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6205:
6203:
6199:
6193:
6190:
6189:
6187:
6183:
6180:
6174:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6124:
6122:
6120:
6116:
6108:
6105:
6104:
6103:
6102:Retro console
6100:
6098:
6095:
6091:
6088:
6087:
6086:
6083:
6079:
6076:
6075:
6074:
6071:
6067:
6064:
6063:
6062:
6059:
6055:
6052:
6051:
6050:
6047:
6046:
6044:
6040:
6035:
6031:
6024:
6019:
6017:
6012:
6010:
6005:
6004:
6001:
5989:
5988:Intellivision
5986:
5984:
5981:
5980:
5978:
5974:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5953:CX40 joystick
5951:
5950:
5948:
5944:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5929:
5927:
5923:
5920:
5916:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5896:
5894:
5890:
5880:
5877:
5876:
5874:
5870:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5835:
5833:
5829:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5795:
5793:
5789:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5771:
5768:
5767:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5739:
5736:
5735:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5728:
5727:Video Pinball
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5716:
5712:
5710:
5709:
5705:
5704:
5702:
5698:
5692:
5691:
5687:
5685:
5684:
5680:
5678:
5677:
5673:
5672:
5670:
5668:
5664:
5654:
5653:
5649:
5648:
5646:
5642:
5636:
5635:
5631:
5629:
5628:
5627:Video Pinball
5624:
5622:
5621:
5617:
5615:
5614:
5610:
5608:
5607:
5603:
5601:
5600:
5596:
5594:
5593:
5589:
5587:
5586:
5582:
5580:
5579:
5575:
5573:
5572:
5568:
5566:
5565:
5561:
5559:
5558:
5554:
5552:
5551:
5547:
5545:
5544:
5540:
5538:
5537:
5533:
5531:
5530:
5526:
5524:
5523:
5519:
5517:
5516:
5512:
5510:
5509:
5505:
5503:
5502:
5498:
5496:
5495:
5491:
5489:
5488:
5484:
5482:
5481:
5477:
5475:
5474:
5470:
5468:
5467:
5463:
5461:
5460:
5456:
5454:
5453:
5449:
5447:
5446:
5442:
5440:
5439:
5435:
5433:
5432:
5428:
5426:
5425:
5421:
5419:
5418:
5414:
5412:
5411:
5407:
5405:
5404:
5400:
5398:
5397:
5393:
5391:
5390:
5386:
5384:
5383:
5379:
5377:
5376:
5372:
5370:
5369:
5365:
5363:
5362:
5358:
5356:
5355:
5351:
5349:
5348:
5344:
5342:
5341:
5337:
5335:
5334:
5330:
5328:
5327:
5323:
5321:
5320:
5316:
5314:
5313:
5309:
5307:
5306:
5302:
5300:
5299:
5295:
5293:
5292:
5288:
5286:
5285:
5281:
5279:
5278:
5274:
5272:
5271:
5267:
5265:
5264:
5260:
5258:
5257:
5253:
5251:
5250:
5246:
5244:
5243:
5239:
5237:
5236:
5232:
5230:
5229:
5225:
5223:
5222:
5218:
5216:
5215:
5214:Canyon Bomber
5211:
5209:
5208:
5204:
5202:
5201:
5197:
5195:
5194:
5190:
5188:
5187:
5183:
5181:
5180:
5176:
5174:
5173:
5169:
5167:
5166:
5162:
5160:
5159:
5155:
5153:
5152:
5151:Anti-Aircraft
5148:
5147:
5145:
5143:
5137:
5132:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5068:
5066:
5064:and spin-offs
5060:
5054:
5051:
5048:
5045:
5042:
5039:
5038:
5036:
5032:
5029:
5025:
5021:
5014:
5009:
5007:
5002:
5000:
4995:
4994:
4991:
4981:
4976:
4970:
4969:
4965:
4963:
4962:
4958:
4956:
4955:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4944:
4938:
4937:
4933:
4931:
4930:
4926:
4924:
4923:
4919:
4917:
4916:
4912:
4910:
4909:
4905:
4904:
4902:
4898:
4892:
4891:
4887:
4885:
4884:
4880:
4878:
4877:
4873:
4871:
4870:
4866:
4864:
4863:
4859:
4857:
4856:
4855:Canyon Bomber
4852:
4851:
4849:
4845:
4839:
4838:
4834:
4832:
4831:
4827:
4825:
4824:
4820:
4818:
4817:
4813:
4811:
4810:
4806:
4804:
4803:
4799:
4797:
4796:
4792:
4790:
4789:
4785:
4783:
4782:
4778:
4777:
4775:
4771:
4765:
4764:
4760:
4758:
4757:
4753:
4751:
4750:
4746:
4744:
4743:
4739:
4737:
4736:
4732:
4730:
4729:
4725:
4723:
4722:
4718:
4716:
4715:
4711:
4709:
4708:
4707:Anti-Aircraft
4704:
4703:
4701:
4697:
4691:
4690:
4686:
4684:
4683:
4679:
4677:
4676:
4672:
4670:
4669:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4658:
4652:
4651:
4647:
4645:
4644:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4633:
4627:
4626:
4622:
4621:
4619:
4615:
4609:
4608:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4597:
4593:
4590:
4582:
4577:
4575:
4570:
4568:
4563:
4562:
4559:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4541:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4531:
4529:
4525:
4519:
4518:
4514:
4512:
4511:
4507:
4505:
4504:
4500:
4498:
4497:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4486:
4484:
4483:
4479:
4477:
4476:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4465:
4459:
4458:
4454:
4452:
4451:
4447:
4445:
4444:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4422:
4417:
4415:
4410:
4408:
4403:
4402:
4399:
4392:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4379:
4378:Pong variants
4376:
4374:
4372:
4368:
4365:
4362:
4359:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4347:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4319:
4313:
4309:
4303:
4299:
4294:
4290:
4284:
4280:
4279:
4273:
4269:
4263:
4259:
4258:
4252:
4251:
4246:
4229:
4225:
4221:
4214:
4211:
4198:
4194:
4193:
4188:
4182:
4179:
4166:
4162:
4155:
4152:
4147:
4143:
4141:
4135:
4129:
4126:
4113:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4095:
4092:
4079:
4075:
4071:
4064:
4061:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4033:
4030:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4002:
3999:
3994:
3993:
3988:
3981:
3978:
3973:
3972:
3967:
3960:
3957:
3952:
3951:
3946:
3939:
3936:
3924:
3920:
3913:
3910:
3905:
3901:
3900:
3895:
3889:
3886:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3859:
3856:
3843:
3839:
3838:
3833:
3827:
3824:
3811:
3807:
3806:
3801:
3795:
3792:
3780:
3779:
3774:
3767:
3764:
3759:
3758:
3753:
3746:
3743:
3738:
3737:
3732:
3725:
3722:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3694:
3691:
3686:
3684:0-7615-3643-4
3680:
3676:
3669:
3666:
3661:
3659:0-375-72038-3
3655:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3636:
3633:
3620:
3619:"Snoopy Pong"
3614:
3611:
3598:
3592:
3589:
3576:
3575:"Doctor Pong"
3570:
3567:
3554:
3548:
3545:
3532:
3526:
3523:
3510:
3506:
3505:
3500:
3493:
3490:
3477:
3473:
3472:
3467:
3460:
3457:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3430:
3427:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3405:
3400:
3393:
3390:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3362:
3359:
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3342:
3338:
3332:
3329:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3298:
3295:
3282:
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3277:
3272:
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3262:
3259:
3246:
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3241:
3236:
3230:
3227:
3222:
3221:
3213:
3210:
3198:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3182:
3179:
3174:
3173:
3165:
3162:
3149:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3132:
3129:
3124:
3123:
3115:
3112:
3107:
3106:
3098:
3095:
3090:
3086:
3080:
3077:
3064:
3060:
3059:
3054:
3048:
3045:
3040:
3038:0-375-72038-3
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3015:
3012:
3007:
3005:0-679-40469-4
3001:
2997:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2950:
2947:
2942:
2940:0-7615-3643-4
2936:
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2917:
2912:
2910:0-375-72038-3
2906:
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2872:0-7615-3643-4
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2844:0-7615-3643-4
2840:
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2814:0-375-72038-3
2810:
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2778:0-7615-3643-4
2774:
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2725:0-7615-3643-4
2721:
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2498:
2495:
2490:
2488:0-7615-3643-4
2484:
2480:
2473:
2470:
2458:
2456:9780429752612
2452:
2449:. CRC Press.
2448:
2447:
2439:
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2431:
2429:0-7615-3643-4
2425:
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2196:9781467149884
2192:
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2048:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2021:
2018:
2013:
2011:0-06-072430-7
2007:
2003:
2002:HarperCollins
1999:
1992:
1989:
1984:
1982:0-9643848-1-7
1978:
1974:
1970:
1964:
1961:
1948:
1944:
1938:
1935:
1930:
1929:Game Informer
1923:
1921:
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1915:
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1754:0-7615-3643-4
1750:
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1729:0-7615-3643-4
1725:
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1703:
1701:0-375-72038-3
1697:
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1655:
1653:0-7615-3643-4
1649:
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1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1610:
1608:0-7624-0937-1
1604:
1600:
1599:Running Press
1596:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1569:
1565:
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1556:
1544:
1540:
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1531:
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1477:
1475:
1471:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1436:Pierre Huyghe
1433:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1394:
1393:
1388:
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1369:
1364:
1363:
1354:
1350:
1345:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1315:by releasing
1314:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1261:platform game
1259:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1250:Break 'Em All
1246:
1245:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1150:
1146:
1143:' version of
1142:
1138:
1133:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1121:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1093:PlayStation 4
1090:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1031:
1026:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1015:
1010:
1002:
1000:
998:
993:
989:
985:
980:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
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954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
937:
932:
928:
924:
923:
918:
914:
910:
909:
904:
900:
896:
892:
887:
883:
878:
876:
872:
868:
863:
859:
855:
851:
846:
842:
839:
835:
831:
826:
822:
813:
809:
801:
797:
792:
787:
779:
777:
775:
771:
765:
763:
759:
755:
744:
740:
739:Ralph H. Baer
736:
731:
724:
722:
720:
719:Don Valentine
717:
713:
708:
702:
700:
699:New York City
696:
692:
687:
683:
679:
674:
672:
667:
662:
658:
654:
650:
645:
643:
639:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
607:
603:
598:
592:Home version
591:
589:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
554:
552:
547:
543:
539:
535:
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518:
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388:
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367:
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315:
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269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
224:
215:
211:
210:Single-player
208:
204:
201:
198:
196:
192:
183:
179:
177:November 1973
174:
170:
165:
161:
160:
158:
154:
148:
144:
142:
139:
138:
136:
134:
130:
127:
124:
122:
118:
111:
108:Atari Japan (
105:
101:
96:
92:
88:
87:
85:
83:
79:
76:
73:
71:
67:
63:
59:
53:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
6429:Mobile games
6361:
6317:Manufacturer
6249:
6073:Microconsole
5725:
5713:
5706:
5688:
5681:
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5632:
5625:
5618:
5611:
5604:
5597:
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5583:
5576:
5569:
5562:
5555:
5550:Steeplechase
5548:
5541:
5534:
5527:
5520:
5513:
5506:
5499:
5492:
5485:
5478:
5471:
5464:
5457:
5450:
5443:
5436:
5429:
5422:
5417:Pong Doubles
5415:
5409:
5408:
5401:
5394:
5389:Night Driver
5387:
5380:
5373:
5366:
5361:Lunar Lander
5359:
5352:
5345:
5338:
5331:
5324:
5317:
5310:
5303:
5298:Gran Trak 20
5296:
5291:Gran Trak 10
5289:
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5205:
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5149:
5062:Subsidiaries
5027:Corporations
4968:Lunar Lander
4966:
4959:
4952:
4934:
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4809:Night Driver
4807:
4800:
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4763:Steeplechase
4761:
4754:
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4687:
4680:
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4668:Gran Trak 10
4666:
4648:
4641:
4624:
4623:
4605:
4592:arcade games
4538:
4534:Allan Alcorn
4515:
4508:
4501:
4494:
4487:
4480:
4473:
4467:Compilations
4455:
4448:
4442:
4441:
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4276:
4256:
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4112:the original
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4047:the original
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4016:the original
4001:
3991:
3980:
3970:
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3926:. Retrieved
3922:
3912:
3904:the original
3897:
3894:"Pong Quest"
3888:
3876:. Retrieved
3858:
3846:. Retrieved
3835:
3826:
3814:. Retrieved
3803:
3794:
3782:. Retrieved
3776:
3766:
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3712:. Retrieved
3708:the original
3703:
3693:
3674:
3668:
3645:
3635:
3623:. Retrieved
3613:
3601:. Retrieved
3597:"Puppy Pong"
3591:
3579:. Retrieved
3569:
3557:. Retrieved
3553:"Quadrapong"
3547:
3535:. Retrieved
3525:
3513:. Retrieved
3502:
3492:
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3476:the original
3469:
3459:
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3443:the original
3438:
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3404:Ars Technica
3402:
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3380:. Retrieved
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3281:the original
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2986:Sheff, David
2965:. Retrieved
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2595:the original
2588:
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2121:
2111:
2099:. Retrieved
2090:
2081:
2069:. Retrieved
2060:
2055:Long, Tony.
2050:
2038:. Retrieved
2029:
2020:
1997:
1991:
1972:
1963:
1951:. Retrieved
1937:
1928:
1905:. Retrieved
1901:the original
1894:
1873:the original
1868:
1855:
1843:. Retrieved
1825:
1809:
1797:. Retrieved
1786:
1744:
1738:
1719:
1688:Random House
1683:
1637:
1634:Kent, Steven
1594:
1571:. Retrieved
1558:
1546:. Retrieved
1542:
1539:"Atari PONG"
1533:
1522:
1516:
1509:
1490:
1485:
1439:
1431:
1429:
1422:
1414:
1400:
1397:Commodore 64
1391:
1386:
1383:Andy Roddick
1372:
1366:
1360:
1358:
1348:
1328:
1324:
1316:
1312:
1310:
1291:
1285:
1280:
1277:Atari Jaguar
1255:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1214:
1204:
1196:
1192:
1189:free-to-play
1184:
1176:
1173:Pong Doubles
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1157:Pong Doubles
1156:
1154:
1149:Pong Doubles
1148:
1144:
1136:
1118:
1116:
1112:slot machine
1110:developed a
1105:
1082:
1072:
1062:
1054:
1046:Yars Revenge
1044:
1038:
1035:Sega Genesis
1028:
1024:
1023:
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983:
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766:
761:
754:Bally Midway
751:
742:
703:
690:
677:
675:
656:
652:
648:
646:
638:mass-produce
625:
613:
611:
601:
585:
577:
569:
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557:
555:
550:
545:
533:
530:
516:
504:
500:
495:
493:
487:
460:sounds with
458:
449:
447:
423:
410:
407:Chicago Coin
395:Allan Alcorn
391:driving game
380:
372:
371:
365:
362:Allan Alcorn
340:table tennis
328:
327:
305:
297:
293:
291:
286:
282:
273:
272:
266:, the first
252:Allan Alcorn
228:table tennis
222:
221:
220:
126:Allan Alcorn
82:Publisher(s)
70:Developer(s)
57:
36:
6399:Atari games
6356:Video games
6119:Generations
5918:Peripherals
5715:Stunt Cycle
5676:Atari BASIC
5613:Triple Hunt
5557:Stunt Cycle
5368:Major Havoc
5340:Jet Fighter
5200:Black Widow
5088:(1977–1980)
5071:Atari Games
5049:(1984–1996)
5043:(1972–1992)
5041:Atari, Inc.
4890:Triple Hunt
4837:Stunt Cycle
4742:Jet Fighter
4721:Doctor Pong
4510:Atari Vault
4450:Doctor Pong
4325:(3): 5–19.
4134:Frank Black
4118:7 September
4022:26 December
3928:12 February
3923:PR Newswire
3714:23 February
3625:31 December
3603:31 December
3581:31 December
3559:31 December
3537:31 December
3515:25 December
3482:25 December
3449:25 December
3382:25 December
3351:25 December
3321:25 December
3287:25 December
3251:25 December
3172:Retro Gamer
3069:25 December
2462:16 February
2296:28 November
2122:Vanity Fair
1969:Baer, Ralph
1690:. pp.
1548:17 February
1419:Frank Black
1392:Neuromancer
1302:3D graphics
1298:PlayStation
1197:Snoopy Pong
1191:version of
1185:Elimination
1135:Tele-Games
1069:Nintendo DS
834:solid state
741:, inspired
707:Sears Tower
666:single chip
564:. However,
542:Wells Fargo
336:sports game
214:multiplayer
133:Platform(s)
121:Designer(s)
6374:1970s toys
6368:Categories
6178:generation
5872:Prototypes
5798:Game Brain
5791:Prototypes
5777:VCS (2021)
5644:Prototypes
5620:Ultra Tank
5578:Super Pong
5543:Starship 1
5501:Space Race
5494:Space Duel
5480:Shark Jaws
5431:Quadrapong
5277:Food Fight
5263:Fire Truck
5193:Battlezone
4961:Basketball
4922:Fire Truck
4876:Starship 1
4756:Shark Jaws
4650:Space Race
4171:22 October
4084:14 January
4053:14 January
3945:Punk Chick
3816:11 January
3409:Condé Nast
3197:The Strong
2648:22 October
2601:10 January
2404:Play Meter
1953:22 October
1907:25 October
1799:13 October
1573:22 October
1465:References
1325:Pong Quest
1317:Pong World
1206:Puppy Pong
1177:Quadrapong
1165:Quadrapong
1161:Super Pong
1081:, and the
1019:Atari 2600
794:Dedicated
784:See also:
774:Atari 2600
695:trade fair
556:In Japan,
350:See also:
260:Ted Dabney
6201:Dedicated
5909:Portfolio
5708:Home Pong
5690:Atari DOS
5571:Super Bug
5536:Star Wars
5487:Sky Diver
5466:Red Baron
5445:Quiz Show
5375:Millipede
5354:Liberator
5249:Destroyer
5221:Centipede
5186:Avalanche
5158:Asteroids
5107:MobyGames
5102:Kee Games
4954:Asteroids
4929:Sky Diver
4915:Avalanche
4883:Super Bug
4862:Destroyer
4823:Quiz Show
4382:MobyGames
4100:Microsoft
3987:Episode 5
3848:9 January
3704:Gamasutra
3504:Eurogamer
2967:14 August
2699:(video).
2590:Gamasutra
2563:19 August
2539:19 August
2513:19 August
2344:CRC Press
1355:, in 2017
1306:power-ups
1286:In 1999,
1281:Pong 2000
1181:Kee Games
1040:Asteroids
971:inducted
953:Home Pong
899:Gamasutra
845:Home Pong
691:Home Pong
678:Home Pong
653:Home Pong
602:Home Pong
578:Pong Tron
6302:Services
6292:Emulator
6223:Marksman
5925:Printers
5848:MEGA STE
5843:Atari ST
5634:Warlords
5529:Sprint 8
5522:Sprint 4
5515:Sprint 2
5508:Sprint 1
5403:Pin-Pong
5333:Indy 800
5319:I, Robot
5305:Gravitar
5207:Breakout
5081:AtariAge
5053:Atari SA
4830:Sprint 2
4781:Breakout
4735:Indy 800
4517:Atari 50
4228:Archived
4224:GameSpot
4197:Archived
4108:GameSpot
4078:Archived
4074:GameSpot
4043:GameSpot
3872:Archived
3868:Engadget
3842:Archived
3810:Archived
3784:12 April
3778:AtariAge
3509:Archived
3439:GameSpot
3413:Archived
3376:Archived
3372:GameSpot
3341:GameSpot
3315:Archived
3311:GameSpot
3276:GameSpot
3245:Archived
3154:17 April
3148:Archived
3063:Archived
2642:Archived
2533:Cash Box
2507:Cash Box
2290:Archived
2266:19 March
2257:Archived
2255:. 1999.
2126:Archived
2095:Archived
2065:Archived
2034:Archived
1947:Archived
1836:Archived
1793:Archived
1457:'s 2002
1407:Xbox 360
1405:for the
1395:for the
1275:for the
1244:Alleyway
1238:Arkanoid
1229:Breakout
1216:Breakout
1147:sequel (
1101:Xbox One
949:Nintendo
661:debugged
634:$ 50,000
600:Atari's
439:Magnavox
411:Speedway
316:Gameplay
230:–themed
195:Genre(s)
145:Various
6330:Portals
6307:History
5904:ST Book
5813:Panther
5652:Tank II
5599:Tempest
5459:Rebound
5438:Quantum
5424:Pursuit
5270:Firefox
5256:Dominos
5140:Arcades
5034:Primary
4869:Dominos
4749:Pursuit
4682:Rebound
4527:Related
4339:7653073
4203:5 March
4192:Mid-Day
4138:Album:
3878:12 July
2202:24 June
1515:"After
1269:shooter
1169:Pinpong
1137:Pong IV
1067:on the
1057:on the
1049:on the
1033:on the
975:to its
925:listed
657:Darlene
608:in 1975
586:Elepong
477:cabinet
470:Hitachi
417:at his
234:arcade
206:Mode(s)
156:Release
6218:Arcade
5879:Sierra
5863:Falcon
5818:Sierra
5803:Cosmos
5765:Jaguar
5592:Tank 8
5396:Outlaw
5347:LeMans
5326:Indy 4
5312:Hi-way
5284:Gotcha
5117:Tengen
4816:Outlaw
4802:LeMans
4795:Indy 4
4728:Hi-way
4643:Gotcha
4587:1970s
4337:
4304:
4285:
4264:
4012:Kotaku
3681:
3656:
3419:23 May
3187:"Pong"
3053:"Pong"
3035:
3002:
2937:
2907:
2869:
2841:
2811:
2775:
2747:
2722:
2678:
2485:
2453:
2426:
2380:
2350:
2319:
2228:
2193:
2166:
2008:
1979:
1845:20 May
1751:
1726:
1698:
1650:
1605:
1564:"Pong"
1497:
1452:London
1265:puzzle
1247:, and
1201:Snoopy
1099:, and
1071:, and
961:Konami
939:named
875:TV Fun
850:Coleco
816:
800:Turnir
620:, the
389:for a
232:twitch
200:Sports
141:Arcade
6344:1970s
6176:First
6042:Types
5976:Other
5899:STacy
5853:TT030
5782:2600+
5452:Qwak!
5020:Atari
4675:Qwak!
4589:Atari
4435:Games
4373:Flyer
4335:S2CID
4234:9 May
3899:Atari
3267:Atari
3202:6 May
3029:37–41
2996:26–28
2961:Wired
2901:33–36
2260:(PDF)
2253:Atari
2249:(PDF)
2132:9 May
2101:9 May
2071:9 May
2061:WIRED
2040:9 May
1869:Salon
1839:(PDF)
1822:(PDF)
1489:[
1263:with
1141:Sears
1097:Steam
1003:Ports
746:'
697:) in
682:Sears
606:Sears
582:Taito
562:Namco
540:from
509:Bally
431:PDP-1
399:Ampex
377:Atari
331:is a
302:Sears
244:Atari
226:is a
110:Namco
99:Atari
75:Atari
6312:List
6297:Game
6250:Pong
6185:Home
6107:list
6090:list
6078:list
6066:list
6054:list
5808:2700
5760:Lynx
5755:XEGS
5750:7800
5745:5200
5738:2800
5733:2600
5585:Tank
5410:Pong
4946:1979
4900:1978
4847:1977
4773:1976
4699:1975
4689:Tank
4660:1974
4635:1973
4625:Pong
4617:1972
4443:Pong
4428:Pong
4387:Pong
4371:Pong
4358:Pong
4302:ISBN
4283:ISBN
4262:ISBN
4236:2008
4205:2017
4173:2008
4120:2008
4086:2009
4055:2009
4024:2008
3930:2021
3880:2015
3850:2009
3818:2009
3786:2019
3716:2011
3679:ISBN
3654:ISBN
3627:2008
3605:2008
3583:2008
3561:2008
3539:2008
3517:2008
3484:2008
3451:2008
3421:2023
3384:2008
3353:2008
3323:2008
3289:2008
3253:2008
3204:2022
3156:2016
3089:Flux
3071:2008
3033:ISBN
3000:ISBN
2969:2020
2935:ISBN
2905:ISBN
2867:ISBN
2839:ISBN
2809:ISBN
2773:ISBN
2745:ISBN
2720:ISBN
2676:ISBN
2650:2008
2603:2009
2565:2023
2541:2023
2515:2023
2483:ISBN
2464:2020
2451:ISBN
2424:ISBN
2378:ISBN
2348:ISBN
2317:ISBN
2298:2011
2268:2012
2226:ISBN
2204:2023
2191:ISBN
2164:ISBN
2134:2017
2103:2017
2073:2017
2042:2017
2006:ISBN
1977:ISBN
1955:2008
1909:2008
1847:2021
1801:2008
1749:ISBN
1724:ISBN
1696:ISBN
1648:ISBN
1603:ISBN
1575:2008
1550:2024
1517:Pong
1495:ISBN
1440:Pong
1432:Pong
1415:Pong
1399:and
1387:Pong
1371:and
1349:Pong
1329:Pong
1319:for
1313:Pong
1267:and
1225:Pong
1221:Pong
1193:Pong
1167:and
1145:Pong
1077:for
1043:and
1025:Pong
1009:Pong
997:Pong
992:Pong
984:Pong
973:Pong
965:Maze
957:Pong
945:Pong
941:Pong
931:Pong
927:Pong
917:Pong
903:Flux
891:Pong
882:Pong
871:Pong
867:Pong
858:Pong
838:Pong
812:Pong
808:Pong
806:The
796:Pong
762:Pong
756:and
743:Pong
733:The
649:Pong
626:Pong
614:Pong
580:and
574:Sega
570:Pong
566:Pong
558:Pong
551:Pong
546:Pong
534:Pong
517:Pong
511:and
505:Pong
496:Pong
488:Pong
486:The
373:Pong
366:Pong
329:Pong
306:Pong
298:Pong
294:Pong
287:Pong
283:Pong
274:Pong
223:Pong
186:1973
58:Pong
45:Pong
4788:F-1
4380:at
4327:doi
3989:".
3968:".
3947:".
3837:IGN
3805:IGN
3650:402
3240:IGN
3058:IGN
2805:400
1788:IGN
1692:3–4
1524:ACE
1321:iOS
1183:as
584:'s
576:'s
409:'s
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5770:CD
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