86:
208:
611:, lower jaw, inside of the mouth and tongue are all silver in smaller specimens. The spinous dorsal fin is dusky to black, while the soft dorsal and anal fins are dusky to pale green. In larger individuals the lobes of both these fins are dark, however in small specimens the filamentous of the dorsal fin rays are black while the anal fin rays white. The caudal fin is dusky. Juveniles may have 7–8 dark vertical crossbands across their body.
663:
510:
61:
42:
678:, while adults also took small fishes as prey. In the Solomon Islands the species is known to predominantly take fish as prey in lagoons, however at times drops fish from its diet. The fine gill rakers on the longrakered trevally have also led to some authors suggesting the possibility of
326:
and west
Pacific Oceans, from Mozambique and Madagascar in the west, to Japan and northern Australia in the east. A large species growing to a recorded length of 1 m, the longrakered trevally is distinguished by is protruding lower
606:
The longrakered trevally is a blue green to olive green above fading to a silvery white below. A dark diffuse blotch is present on the upper operculum in large individuals, but is faint or absent in smaller fish. The
639:, and recently has been recorded from Japan in the north. The first recorded occurrence of the longrakered trevally in Japan during 2007 was of juveniles, with authors concluding schools had been carried on the
517:
The longrakered trevally is a large fish, reported to reach 1m in length, however is commonly seen at lengths below 60 cm. The longrakered trevally has a body shape typical of many trevallies in the genera
570:
has 2 detached spines followed by 17 to 18 soft rays. Both the soft dorsal and anal fins are elongated, sometimes to filaments in juveniles, with the dorsal fin being longest and occasionally extending to the
635:
and
Indonesia. The species has also been recorded from offshore islands including the Seychelles and Maldives. The species has a restricted range in the west Pacific; in the south it is known from
1296:
Blaber, S.J.M.; D.A. Milton; N.J.F. Rawlinson (1990). "Diets of Lagoon Fishes of the
Solomon Islands: Predators of Tuna Baitfish and Trophic Effects of Baitfishing on the Subsistence Fishery".
501:
referred to as the 'longrakered trevally' or 'heavyjawed kingfish' in reference to the protruding lower jaw, with the name 'cale cale trevally' also used, predominantly in
Australia.
1628:
674:
of the longrakered trevally is poorly understood, with only a few studies recording aspects of its feeding. In
Mozambique the species was recorded as feeding on
1667:
909:
479:
1205:
Suyatna, I.; A.A. Bratawinata; A.S. Sidik; A. Ruchaemi (2010). "Demersal fishes and their distribution in estuarine waters of
Mahakam Delta, East Kalimantan".
1734:
1425:
Paighambari, S.Y.; Yousef, S.; Daliri, M. (2012). "The By-catch
Composition of Shrimp Trawl Fisheries in Bushehr Coastal Waters, the Northern Persian Gulf".
1602:
1283:
Fichas FAO de identificaçao de espécies para actividades de pesca. Guia de campo das espécies comerciais marinhas e de águas salobras de Moçambique
1641:
804:
1390:
Stobutzki, I.; M. Miller; D. Brewer (2001). "Sustainability of fishery bycatch: a process for assessing highly diverse and numerous bycatch".
1749:
1680:
850:
1469:
Beech, M. (2003). "The
Development of Fishing in the UAE: a Zooarcheological Perspective". In Potts, DT; Naboodah, H.A.; Hellyer, P (eds.).
1453:
1340:
1065:
1706:
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trawl fisheries. The abundance of the longrakered trevally in
Persian Gulf shrimp catches led to a study of its abundance in the
1744:
538:', which becomes stronger as the fish grows, and is diagnostic of the species. The jaws of the species contain narrow bands of
419:
1016:
818:
623:
and West
Pacific Oceans. In the Indian Ocean the species ranges from as far south as Mozambique and Madagascar, north to the
1646:
1281:
Fischer, W.; I. Sousa; C. Silva; A. de Freitas; J.M. Poutiers; W. Schneider; T.C. Borges; J.P. Feral; A. Massinga (1990).
1563:
913:
654:
waters as juvenile. In the Persian Gulf, studies found the species to predominately inhabit waters of 30–50 m depth.
1672:
550:
of the longrakered trevally are also distinctive, being elongated and feather like, extending into the mouth to the
440:
407:
1058:
The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific Vol 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae)
85:
1531:
1356:
Naomi, T.S.; R.M. George; Seeram, M.P.; Sanil, N.K.; Balachandran, K.; Thomas, V.J.; Geetha, P.M. (2011).
975:
636:
451:
280:
180:
1086:"A Review of the Carangid Fishes (Family Carangidae) From Taiwan with Descriptions of Four New Records"
881:
Jordan, D.S.; Snyder, J. (1908). "Descriptions of three new species of carangoid fishes from Formosa".
785:
1739:
1711:
1399:
1305:
800:
487:
259:
50:
1499:
956:
734:
447:
352:
276:
220:
80:
322:. The longrakered trevally is distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical waters of the
1633:
733:
by lure or bait methods, however not a common catch. Remains of the species have been found in
1693:
1659:
1576:
1449:
1336:
1061:
846:
813:
619:
The longrakered trevally is distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical waters of the
539:
486:
is currently accepted. Between 1833 and 1908, three other redescriptions were published, with
336:
249:
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583:. The lateral line has a moderate anterior arch, with the straight section containing 0–5
397:
1167:, from Kagoshima – the First Records from Japan and Northernmost Records for the Species"
762:
709:, and has been recorded in Indian finfish catches as well as Australian and Persian Gulf
1403:
1309:
1123:"A revision of selected genera of the family Carangidae (Pisces) from Australian waters"
1085:
1060:. FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. Rome: FAO. pp. 2659–2757.
679:
471:
414:
312:
239:
197:
127:
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traps, handlines, and other types of artisanal gear. For the most part it is taken as
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are falcate and extend beyond the intersection of the curved and straight part of the
542:
teeth, with no teeth present on the tongue, a feature which distinguishes it from the
1728:
1654:
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1012:
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137:
70:
65:
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466:. Subsequent review has shown the designation of a new genus to be correct, however
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rules state that the first description takes priority, thus the combination of
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body, with the convexity of the forehead increasing with age. The lower
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The protruding lower jaw is characteristic of the longrakered trevally
1494:
726:
710:
551:
107:
1525:
952:
894:
741:, suggesting the longrakered trevally has been exploited throughout
392:, one of around thirty genera in the jack and horse mackerel family
980:(Macleay) (Carangidae, Pisces), a new record from the Indian seas"
714:
702:
661:
608:
588:
508:
459:
367:
364:
1507:
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was estimated. The longrakered trevally is occasionally taken by
1685:
535:
527:
1529:
908:
California Academy of Sciences: Ichthyology (September 2009).
738:
694:
643:
from China or Taiwan, and the species did not breed in Japan.
599:
and extends up to the base of the pectoral fins. There are 24
531:
355:
or growth. The longrakered trevally is of minor importance to
328:
1358:"Finfish diversity in the trawl fisheries of southern Kerala"
443:
derived from the Latin word for "chin". In 1908 the American
339:
teeth on its tongue. It is an inshore species, restricted to
666:
Longrakered trevally are occasionally caught by anglers
494:
entering common usage before priority was established.
1335:. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. p. 183.
534:
protrudes beyond the upper jaw, giving a pronounced '
1159:"Two Carangid Fishes (Actinopterygii: Perciformes),
839:
J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016).
1538:
689:The longrakered trevally is of minor importance to
803:; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.).
423:. Cuvier based his description off the designated
1520:
1446:How to Catch Australia's Favourite Saltwater Fish
786:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T46081422A46664514.en
1249:in the Persian Gulf (Hormozgan province waters)"
1230:
1228:
1152:
1150:
591:. The breast area is devoid of scales from the
1157:Motomura, H.; S. Kimura; Y. Haraguchi (2007).
761:Smith-Vaniz, W.F. & Williams, I. (2017) .
215:Approximate range of the longrakered trevally
8:
1427:Journal of the Persian Gulf (Marine Science)
554:. There are 74–86 gill rakers in total. The
1127:Records of the Australian Museum Supplement
870:. Strasbourg: Pitois-Levrault. p. 512.
721:area of Iran, where in this region alone a
1526:
1079:
1077:
1007:
1005:
646:The longrakered trevally inhabits shallow
206:
59:
40:
31:
1182:
1138:
1056:. In Carpenter, K.E.; Niem, V.H. (eds.).
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
845:(5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 380–387.
784:
697:. Throughout its range it is taken with
693:, with catch statistics not kept by the
1471:Archaeology of the United Arab Emirates
1448:. Croydon, Victoria: AFN. p. 144.
1116:
1114:
1084:Lin, Pai-Lei; Shao, Kwang-Tsao (1999).
753:
382:The longrakered trevally is one of two
868:Histoire naturelle des poissons Vol. 9
558:is in two parts; the first having 7–8
347:regions, where it preys on fishes and
435:in Eritrea. Cuvier named the species
7:
1365:Marine Fisheries Information Service
935:Nichols, J.T. (1920). "On the genus
866:Cuvier, G.; A. Valenciennes (1833).
562:and the second 1 spine and 20 to 22
315:fish in the jack and horse mackerel
1735:IUCN Red List least concern species
1235:Nourouzi, H.; Valinasb, T. (2007).
772:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
406:The longrakered trevally was first
25:
458:and in the process erected a new
359:and is often taken as bycatch in
351:. Little is known of the species
84:
420:Histoire Naturelle des Poissons
396:, which in turn is part of the
1140:10.3853/j.0812-7387.12.1990.92
883:Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum
819:California Academy of Sciences
650:waters, and is known to enter
1:
1473:. Trident Press. p. 336.
1750:Taxa named by Georges Cuvier
1318:10.1016/0165-7836(90)90027-S
427:specimen collected from the
984:Indian Journal of Fisheries
1766:
1392:Environmental Conservation
1412:10.1017/S0376892901000170
1331:Randall, John E. (1995).
1285:. Roma: FAO. p. 424.
1256:Pajouhesh & Sazandegi
1237:"Distribution pattern of
779:: e.T46081422A115391667.
226:
219:
214:
205:
186:
179:
81:Scientific classification
79:
57:
48:
39:
34:
1508:Australian Museum Online
1049:Smith-Vaniz, W. (1999).
1015:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
615:Distribution and habitat
408:scientifically described
1243:Carangoides malabaricus
1219:10.13057/biodiv/d110407
1184:10.12782/specdiv.12.223
1029:. October 2012 version.
236:Leioglossus carangoides
1745:Fish described in 1833
1513:Longrakered trevally (
1500:Longrakered trevally (
1487:Longrakered trevally (
1333:Coastal Fishes of Oman
1121:Gunn, John S. (1990).
805:"Species in the genus
731:recreational fishermen
667:
526:, having a compressed
514:
431:near the port city of
372:recreational fishermen
1521:Encyclopaedia of Life
912:. CAS. Archived from
801:Eschmeyer, William N.
665:
637:Queensland, Australia
512:
299:), also known as the
35:Longrakered trevally
1239:Nemipterus Japonicus
990:(1 & 2): 181–197
544:silvermouth trevally
410:by the famed French
293:longrakered trevally
1404:2001EnvCo..28..167S
1310:1990FishR...8..263B
974:Luther, G. (1968).
910:"Catalog of Fishes"
842:Fishes of the World
735:archeological sites
658:Biology and fishery
631:and east to India,
492:Caranx mandibularis
417:in his 1833 volume
378:Taxonomy and naming
305:heavyjawed kingfish
256:Caranx mandibularis
51:Conservation status
1444:Brown, G. (2010).
1298:Fisheries Research
1093:Zoological Studies
668:
587:followed by 26–38
515:
448:David Starr Jordan
353:reproductive cycle
301:cale cale trevally
1722:
1721:
1694:Open Tree of Life
1532:Taxon identifiers
1171:Species Diversity
978:Ulua mandibularis
852:978-1-118-34233-6
814:Catalog of Fishes
289:
288:
284:
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266:Ulua mandibularis
263:
253:
246:Caranx lioglossus
243:
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745:in this region.
672:breeding biology
670:The ecology and
641:Kuroshio Current
470:was found to be
456:Ulua richardsoni
441:specific epithet
370:, as well as by
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273:Ulua richardsoni
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497:The species is
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437:Caranx mentalis
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18:Ulua mentalis
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1262:(3): 118–125
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1051:"Carangidae"
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918:. Retrieved
914:the original
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822:. Retrieved
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232:Cuvier, 1833
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1740:Ulua (fish)
1616:iNaturalist
1433:(7): 27–36.
676:crustaceans
597:pelvic fins
548:gill rakers
520:Carangoides
505:Description
476:C. mentalis
452:John Snyder
439:, with the
349:crustaceans
333:gill rakers
1729:Categories
1375:18 October
1266:18 October
1190:18 October
1103:16 January
1099:(1): 33–68
994:18 October
920:16 January
824:4 December
749:References
743:prehistory
603:in total.
573:caudal fin
556:dorsal fin
472:synonymous
454:described
412:naturalist
394:Carangidae
320:Carangidae
148:Carangidae
699:gill nets
691:fisheries
652:estuarine
601:vertebrae
593:operculum
564:soft rays
540:villiform
357:fisheries
345:estuarine
337:villiform
198:G. Cuvier
166:Species:
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
1660:46081422
1634:10879359
1590:FishBase
1555:Q3268517
1549:Wikidata
1495:FishBase
1133:: 1–78.
1026:FishBase
684:plankton
568:anal fin
499:commonly
462:for the
425:holotype
221:Synonyms
144:Family:
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
1699:3638778
1673:1867919
1608:2391203
1400:Bibcode
1371:: 11–21
1306:Bibcode
961:1435668
737:in the
725:of 652
723:biomass
707:bycatch
648:coastal
625:Red Sea
464:species
433:Massawa
429:Red Sea
384:species
361:finfish
341:coastal
309:species
307:, is a
260:Macleay
250:Günther
240:Bleeker
200:, 1833)
154:Genus:
134:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
1712:218447
1686:218447
1647:168788
1621:525645
1452:
1339:
1064:
959:
941:Copeia
937:Citula
849:
727:tonnes
711:shrimp
703:trawls
621:Indian
609:cheeks
589:scutes
585:scales
575:. The
566:. The
560:spines
552:tongue
546:. The
528:oblong
524:Caranx
368:trawls
324:Indian
317:family
313:marine
283:, 1908
281:Snyder
279:&
277:Jordan
262:, 1882
252:, 1860
242:, 1851
1707:WoRMS
1629:IRMNG
1582:7DGMR
1361:(PDF)
1252:(PDF)
1089:(PDF)
1054:(PDF)
957:JSTOR
715:prawn
474:with
460:genus
398:order
365:prawn
1681:OBIS
1668:NCBI
1655:IUCN
1642:ITIS
1603:GBIF
1595:1930
1450:ISBN
1377:2012
1337:ISBN
1268:2012
1245:and
1192:2012
1163:and
1105:2011
1062:ISBN
996:2012
922:2011
847:ISBN
826:2019
807:Ulea
777:2016
713:and
627:and
536:chin
522:and
480:ICZN
450:and
389:Ulua
363:and
343:and
303:and
291:The
159:Ulua
1577:CoL
1564:AFD
1519:at
1506:at
1493:at
1408:doi
1369:207
1314:doi
1215:doi
1179:doi
1135:doi
949:doi
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