209:
animal swims (using a medusoid motion of the arms and webbing). This structure makes the umbrella octopus resemble an umbrella when they spread their arms/web out. The structure of the umbrella octopus has the oral surface below the mantle of the octopuses and the web with their arms surround the bottom of the mantle. Their outer skin has a very delicate consistency that results in white spots appearing on their skin when damaged. Although
Opisthoteuthidae are categorized as cirrates, unlike the other cirrates, they do not have an intermediate web; rather, they use the web in between their arms to mimic the intermediate web that other cirrates have. Lacking an intermediate web is what causes the indentations in the outer edge of their arms that make them look like an umbrella.
223:
to help keep their balance or they curve them around their mantle. Opisthoteuthidae have been observed to hold this position for five and a half minutes. Another defensive mechanism that
Opisthoteuthidae have been observed using is web-inversion which is when they have their arms turned upwards and their web with the oral surface facing outwards. The oral surface can be facing the floor, or the octopuses may lie laterally so their side is in contact with the floor. It has been noted that these defensive behaviors are the positions the octopuses may go into while feeding as well, but it is possible that this could be because of the stress of being captured and placed in an aquarium to be observed.
53:
31:
156:
168:
243:
floor. The fins are extended out parallel to the bottom to maintain balance. When flat-spreading they spread their arms and web, so it is parallel to the bottom and they keep the edges of their arms curved inwards. Their heads will point backwards at a small angle and their fins will be used for stabilization.
251:
Opisthoteuthidae are deep sea creatures that have been found in the
Clipperton-Clarion Fracture Zone in the Pacific Ocean at a depth of about 4,800 m. They have also been found in the South China Sea. They stay within 3,000-4,000 meters below sea level and try to stay hovering over the ocean floor.
222:
Opisthoteuthidae lack an intermediate web but they mimic the defensive mechanism of ballooning by extending the web between their arms as much as possible and curving the outer edges of their arms inwards in order to have the edges touch the ground. They also extend their fins parallel to the floor
242:
When resting at the floor, the octopus's behavior falls into one of two tactics: bottom-resting or flat-spreading. Bottom-resting is when the octopus is resting near the floor. It will erect its mantle, curve the outer edges of its arms inwards to have them be the only part making contact with the
208:
Opisthoteuthidae are a group of octopuses characterized by a web of skin in between their arms. They broad U-shaped shell that support muscles for a pair of small fins on the mantle, these fins are far less developed than other families in
Cirrina and essentially only act as stabilizers when the
1001:
1040:
975:
1014:
723:
Lu, Chung-Cheng. "A new species of
Opisthoteuthis, O. dongshaensis sp. nov., from the South China Sea (Octopoda: Cirrata: Opisthoteuthidae)."
618:
1076:
643:
Villanueva, Roger (June 2000). "Observations on the behaviour of the cirrate octopod
Opisthoteuthis grimaldii (Cephalopoda)".
264:, which has recently been split into three genera on the basis of differences in enlarged suckers on male specimens . Genera
52:
1019:
1027:
686:
Vecchione, Michael (2017). "Notes on cephalopods photographed near the bottom in the
Clipperton-Clarion Fracture Zone".
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547:
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160:
426:
339:
901:
941:
837:
813:
962:
910:
789:
521:
495:
1081:
768:"Flapjack octopods of Australia (Cephalopoda: Cirrata: Opisthoteuthidae), Part I Southern Australia"
737:
563:
475:
1104:
703:
668:
47:
1053:
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707:
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278:
266:
129:
672:
954:
418:
738:"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Opisthoteuthidae A. E. Verrill, 1896"
200:, causing them to somewhat resemble an opened umbrella when the arms are spread.
1032:
988:
895:
167:
886:
790:"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Opisthoteuthis A. E. Verrill, 1883"
699:
656:
610:
94:
664:
272:
64:
814:"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Exsuperoteuthis Verhoeff, 2024"
838:"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Insigniteuthis Verhoeff, 2024"
880:
84:
193:
190:
114:
104:
993:
767:
196:. Umbrella octopuses are characterized by a web of skin between the
74:
980:
857:
645:
Journal of the Marine
Biological Association of the United Kingdom
260:
166:
154:
605:. Oceanography and Marine Biology - An Annual Review. CRC Press.
861:
967:
602:
Oceanography and Marine
Biology: An Annual Review, Volume 44
599:
Gibson, R; Atkinson, R; Gordon, J, eds. (2006-06-13).
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371:Villanueva, Collins, Sánchez & Voss, 2002
431:Villanueva, Collins, Sánchez & Voss, 2002
8:
858:
29:
20:
591:
7:
761:
759:
757:
719:
717:
14:
536:Ijima & Ikeda, 1895 (Synonym
51:
282:now are included in the family
772:Australian Journal of Taxonomy
1:
766:Verhoeff, Tristan J (2024).
460:Sánchez & Guerra, 1989 )
390:Opisthoteuthis dongshaensis
377:Opisthoteuthis chathamensis
354:Opisthoteuthis californiana
40:Opisthoteuthis californiana
1121:
727:49.3 (2010): 405 420.
548:Exsuperoteuthis persephone
700:10.1007/s12526-016-0528-8
657:10.1017/S0025315400002307
611:10.1201/9781420006391.ch6
466:Opisthoteuthis medusoides
313:Opisthoteuthis albatrossi
173:Opisthoteuthis medusoides
142:
137:
48:Scientific classification
46:
37:
28:
23:
532:Exsuperoteuthis depressa
454:(Grimpe, 1920) (Synonym
413:Opisthoteuthis grimaldii
303:Opisthoteuthis agassizii
539:Opisthoteuthis japonica
486:Opisthoteuthis philipii
327:Opisthoteuthis borealis
574:Insigniteuthis obscura
509:Opisthoteuthis robsoni
450:Opisthoteuthis massyae
400:Opisthoteuthis extensa
367:Opisthoteuthis calypso
176:
164:
161:Opisthoteuthis extensa
842:www.marinespecies.org
818:www.marinespecies.org
794:www.marinespecies.org
742:www.marinespecies.org
427:Opisthoteuthis hardyi
340:Opisthoteuthis bruuni
170:
158:
496:Opisthoteuthis pluto
457:Opisthoteuthis vossi
688:Marine Biodiversity
476:Opisthoteuthis mero
24:Umbrella octopuses
725:Zoological Studies
218:Defense mechanisms
180:Umbrella octopuses
177:
165:
16:Family of molluscs
1092:
1091:
1054:Open Tree of Life
864:Taxon identifiers
620:978-0-8493-7044-1
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1033:NHMSYS0021190818
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929:Opisthoteuthidae
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916:Opisthoteuthidae
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902:Opisthoteuthidae
891:
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872:Opisthoteuthidae
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227:Resting behavior
187:Opisthoteuthidae
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125:Opisthoteuthidae
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33:
21:
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522:Exsuperoteuthis
394:C. C. Lu, 2010
284:Grimpoteuthidae
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50:
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829:
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694:(2): 307–310.
678:
651:(3): 555–556.
626:
619:
590:
589:
587:
584:
583:
582:
581:
580:
578:Verhoeff, 2024
568:Verhoeff, 2024
564:Insigniteuthis
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526:Verhoeff, 2024
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437:Opisthoteuthis
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293:Opisthoteuthis
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279:Cryptoteuthis
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267:Grimpoteuthis
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845:. Retrieved
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513:O'Shea, 1999
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989:iNaturalist
896:Wikispecies
542:Taki, 1962)
204:Description
95:Cephalopoda
847:2024-08-18
823:2024-08-18
799:2024-08-18
747:2023-09-20
586:References
247:Dispersion
111:Suborder:
1105:Octopuses
708:255576651
665:1469-7769
273:Luteuthis
194:octopuses
71:Kingdom:
65:Eukaryota
1099:Category
887:Q2207194
881:Wikidata
673:85020724
440:kerberos
256:Taxonomy
213:Behavior
121:Family:
105:Octopoda
85:Mollusca
81:Phylum:
75:Animalia
61:Domain:
778:: 1–44.
421:, 1903)
348:, 1982)
332:Collins
321:, 1920)
191:pelagic
138:Genera
130:Verrill
115:Cirrina
101:Order:
91:Class:
1069:513390
1066:uBio:
1059:619096
1046:102658
1007:112179
706:
671:
663:
617:
561:Genus
555:, 1918
519:Genus
503:, 1918
419:Joubin
407:, 1915
405:Thiele
384:, 1999
382:O'Shea
361:, 1949
334:, 2005
319:Sasaki
290:Genus
276:, and
231:": -->
184:family
132:, 1896
1082:23083
1077:WoRMS
1020:82672
1002:IRMNG
994:82229
955:7NK6M
704:S2CID
669:S2CID
553:Berry
501:Berry
359:Berry
1041:NCBI
1015:ITIS
981:6833
976:GBIF
968:2324
937:BOLD
661:ISSN
615:ISBN
346:Voss
233:edit
198:arms
1028:NBN
963:EoL
950:CoL
942:514
924:AFD
911:ADW
696:doi
653:doi
607:doi
286:.
1101::
1079::
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1030::
1017::
1004::
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816:.
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629:^
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